| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
- Åhman, Bertil
(författare)
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Pasteur Daniel Ndoundou : Dirigeant de réveil dans l’Église Évangélique du Congo
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Le pasteur Daniel Ndoundou (1911-1986), de nationalité congolaise, a d’abord servi dans la Mission Évangélique Suédoise, ensuite dans l’Église Évangélique du Congo. Quand un réveil spirituel éclate en 1947, pasteur Ndoundou devient son dirigeant et son encadreur, un engagement qui fut le sien jusqu’à sa mort.Dans cet ouvrage, qui est la traduction d’une thèse de doctorat présentée à l’Université d’Uppsala, Suède, l’auteur décrit le rôle de ce dirigeant du Réveil, un réveil qui avait plusieurs aspects caractéristiques. La culture traditionnelle a marqué en grande partie ce Réveil, comme on pouvait le voir dans la liturgie, notamment dans les cantiques et l’utilisation des instruments de musique. Pour le dirigeant du Réveil, il fut toujours important de déterminer ce qui, dans les traditions et croyances traditionnelles, pouvait être accepté dans le Réveil et dans la vie de l’Église.L’auteur de cette thèse, de nationalité suédoise, a vécu plusieurs années dans les deux républiques Congo, et veut, à travers cette biographie, donner sa contribution à la documentation d’une époque passionnante de l’histoire de l’Église.
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| 3. |
- Byrskog, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale, development and feasibility of group antenatal care for immigrant women in Sweden : a study protocol for the Hooyo Project
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Somali-born women comprise a large group of immigrant women of childbearing age in Sweden, with increased risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and poor experiences of care, despite the goal of providing equitable healthcare for the entire population. Rethinking how care is provided may help to improve outcomes.OVERALL AIM: To develop and test the acceptability, feasibility and immediate impacts of group antenatal care for Somali-born immigrant women, in an effort to improve experiences of antenatal care, knowledge about childbearing and the Swedish healthcare system, emotional well-being and ultimately, pregnancy outcomes. This protocol describes the rationale, planning and development of the study.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: An intervention development and feasibility study. Phase I includes needs assessment and development of contextual understanding using focus group discussions. In phase II, the intervention and evaluation tools, based on core values for quality care and person-centred care, are developed. Phase III includes the historically controlled evaluation in which relevant outcome measures are compared for women receiving individual care (2016-2018) and women receiving group antenatal care (2018-2019): care satisfaction (Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire), emotional well-being (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), social support, childbirth fear, knowledge of Swedish maternity care, delivery outcomes. Phase IV includes the process evaluation, investigate process, feasibility and mechanisms of impact using field notes, observations, interviews and questionnaires. All phases are conducted in collaboration with a stakeholder reference group.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board, Stockholm, Sweden. Participants receive information about the study and their right to decline/withdraw without consequences. Consent is given prior to enrolment. Findings will be disseminated at antenatal care units, national/international conferences, through publications in peer-reviewed journals, seminars involving stakeholders, practitioners, community and via the project website. Participating women will receive a summary of results in their language.
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| 10. |
- Kindberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralism: A case study on bear–reindeer predation mitigation measures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - 2150-8925. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While wildlife and cultural preservation goals can be either complimentary or counteractive, the goals of large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralist lifestyles are often at odds. Livestock depredation can negatively impact the economies of livestock herders, while subsequent lethal removals contribute to local carnivore population declines. Here, we collaborated with two Sámi reindeer herding communities (2010–2016) situated in Sweden's boreal forest to evaluate the efficacy and economic feasibility of three brown bear predation mitigation measures: corralling pregnant reindeer during parturition, lethal bear management removals, and public bear-license hunting. Calving corrals increased survival for reindeer calves born to average-sized females by 7%–15%, and by 14%–30% for calves born to small females. However, the realized cost of implementing calving corrals outweighed the financial gain for both our study areas (net losses ranged between €1111 and €6210 per calf saved from bear predation per year when using the updated 2021 calf value; 1€ [Euro] = US$1.1), as well as for almost every theoretical scenario we explored (net losses €234 and €13,995 per calf saved from bear predation). The exception was the theoretical scenario where small herding communities overlapped large bear populations, which crossed the breakeven efficacy bear/reindeer ratio of 13.5 bears/100 reindeer and had a potential net gain of €36 per saved calf. Similarly, the cost of lethal management removals of bears outweighed the potential financial gain from saved calves, with net losses between €75 and €239 per calf. License hunting, where the hunters voluntarily incur the monetary costs of removing bears, is in most cases the only economically viable mitigation measure where the cost of mitigation did not outweigh the financial gain from increased reindeer survival. While the annual public license hunt was the most cost-effective mitigation measure, it may be less biologically effective, that is, bear hunting occurs in the fall and reindeer parturition the following spring which leaves time for the empty niche of harvested bears to be filled by survivors. Economically and biologically effective predation mitigation measures are key for promoting coexistence, and we suggest that potential mitigation measures should be studied in collaboration with local people.
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| 11. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Djurens roll för livsmedelsförsörjningen i en föränderlig miljö – utmaningar och kunskapsbehov
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vilka utmaningar står framtidens djurhållning inför? Prognoserna spår en växande global befolkning, ökad efterfrågan på kött, fisk, ägg och mejeriprodukter, begränsad tillgång på mark, minskad biologisk mångfald och kanske oåterkalleliga globala klimatoch miljöförändringar. Smittor som kan spridas från djur till människa och från vilda djur till tama i kombination med ökande antibiotikaresistens är ytterligare exempel på utmaningar som vi måste hantera. Målsättningen med den här rapporten är att den ska vara en källa till fakta för studenter, forskare, lärare, lantbrukare, beslutsfattare, journalister och andra som vill veta mera om djurhållning, miljö och klimat. Rapporten är författad av flera forskare inom husdjursvetenskap och veterinärmedicin och den här upplagan är en uppdaterad version av den tidigare ”Lantbrukets djur i en föränderlig miljö” som kom ut 2009. Förutsättningarna för livsmedelsproduktion skiljer sig i olika delar av världen och även i olika delar av vårt land.I ett hållbart livsmedelssystem måste alla resurser beaktas och olika typer av grödor och system passar olika väl på olika platser. En del mark passar bättre för djurhållning, annan mark passar bättre till odling av grödor som blir livsmedel. Det bästa systemet kan också vara att växla mellan livsmedelsgrödor och fodergrödor på samma mark. Frågor kring livsmedelsproduktion och hållbarhet är ofta komplexa och det är viktigt att samarbeta tvärvetenskapligt för att komma fram till lösningar. Stort tack till alla medförfattare samt till Markus Langeland, forskare vid institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård (HUV) som granskat kapitlet om akvakultur och till Professor Sigrid Agenäs vid HUV som kommit med värdefulla inspel på texten i sin helhet. Arbetet med denna upplaga av rapporten har finansierats av SLU Future Food.
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| 12. |
- Löf, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Governing maximum reindeer numbers in Fennoscandia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 173-188
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the complexities and challenges in state governance of the maximum permitted number of reindeer in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The common findings regarding the three countries are that (1) maximum permitted numbers of reindeer set by the nation states primarily seem to promote objectives other than those of herders; (2) various contextual aspects (e.g., laws, other land users, trends in science, herding practices and historical developments) partly explain the sustainable maximum permitted numbers; (3) reductionist assessments of pasture – reindeer relations easily neglect the impacts of other land users on condition and availability of pastures, thereby making the assessments biased and stigmatizing herders for alleged overgrazing. The chapter also explores issues related to reindeer numbers that vary across the three countries including (4) herders’ opportunities to participate in knowledge production and resulting decisions over maximum reindeer numbers, (5) clashes between herders’ experience and practice-based knowledge and scientific knowledge on which the definitions of maximum numbers are often based and (6) the ways in which the borders between reindeer herding districts and nation states have implications for the governance of reindeer numbers.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Olofsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring changes in lichen resources for range management purposes in reindeer husbandry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 11, s. 1149-1159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mat-forming lichens are important as food source for reindeer during the winter, and thus a vital resource to manage in reindeer husbandry. In this paper we suggest a method for monitoring of changes in lichen height with the purpose to early detect changes in lichen abundance in reindeer grazing areas. The method is intended for measuring geographically uniform lichen areas, evenly used for reindeer grazing. We analysed spatial variations in lichen height at the meter and 100 m scales, and calculated sample size requirements, and estimated effects of forest density and age, lichen moisture and lichen density on lichen height, and assessed the correspondence between lichen height and biomass. The variation in lichen height differed considerably between sites and, hence, the required sample size to detect a 5 mm change in lichen height with a power of 0.95 ranged from 200 to 2000, depending on the standard deviation of measured heights. Based on the autocorrelation in lichen height found between adjacent measurement points, a minimum distance of 4 m between measurement points is also recommended. Lichen height was significantly affected by lichen moisture, and the results suggest that this effect of moisture might vary with lichen density. Lichen height varied spatially within the study sites, and the spatial variations were partly caused by forest age and density. Thus, gradual changes in the forest characteristics are likely to alter the spatial variation in lichen height and it is therefore important to regularly re-evaluate the locations of measurement points within the monitored area. This study provides suggestions for a variable that could be used as an indicator of changes in the lichen resource, and aspects that should be considered when designing a monitoring program. The accuracy of detecting changes depends on the monitoring efforts, i.e. the number and distribution of measurement points and how often an area is monitored. In conclusion, our results indicate that measurements of lichen height have considerable potential for monitoring of changes in lichen resources within reindeer husbandry
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Parsons, David, et al.
(författare)
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Leys from a Nordic perspective : a knowledge compilation
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project involved creating a popular scientific review of the cultivation and use of leys for livestock. Target groups are the agricultural sector and industry. The project had four work packages (WP): crop production, harvest and conservation, feed value for different animals, and economy. Within each work package, search strings were developed and inclusion criteria defined, and a database for each WP developed through searching in online databases. Each selected article was assessed first on the title (include or exclude), second based on reading the abstract, and third based on reading the article. The review provides an extensive list of literature related to ley production and use, a description of the most important findings, and suggestions for future research.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Sivertsen, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Reindeer green-wave surfing constrained by predators
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migratory large herbivores in seasonal environments are known to follow the onset of new growth during spring, so-called green-wave surfing. This ensures prolonged access to forage with an optimal balance between forage quality and quantity. Many studies have focused on herbivores' ability to follow the spring flush, but without considering potential constraints to surfing the green wave. The presence of predators is likely to be such a limitation, which could force herbivores to deviate from the optimal movement patterns in terms of forage access. We compared how well 319 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from seven different populations followed the green-up at different population densities of brown bear (Ursus arctos). We found that reindeer at higher bear densities selected movement paths with lower access to high-quality forage and deviated more in time from following the peak of the green wave, thus missing out on valuable forage. In addition, reindeer generally moved faster at higher bear densities, but this pattern was more consistent in forest habitats. Our results indicate that reindeer are forced to deviate from following the spring flush and alter their movement pattern in areas with high bear densities, which may lead to reduced body condition for reindeer experiencing high predation risk. With the recent recolonization of large carnivores in northern ecosystems, it is critical to understand the direct and indirect effects of predators on large herbivores in order to assess effects on population dynamics and potentially cascading consequences on ecosystem function.
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| 24. |
- Sivertsen, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Reindeer habitat selection under the risk of brown bear predation during calving season
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 7:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The depredation of semi-domesticated reindeer by large carnivores reflects an important human-wildlife conflict in Fennoscandia. Recent studies have revealed that brown bears (Ursus arctos) may kill substantial numbers of reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in forest areas in Sweden. Several authors have suggested that predation risk is an important driver of habitat selection in wild Rangifer populations where predation is a limiting factor, but little is known about these mechanisms in semi-domesticated populations. We examined the habitat selection of female reindeer in relation to spatial and temporal variations in brown bear predation risk on the reindeer calving grounds and evaluated the simultaneous responses of brown bears and reindeer to landscape characteristics. We used GPS data from 110 reindeer years (97 individuals) and 29 brown bear years (19 individuals), from two reindeer herding districts in the forest area of northern Sweden. Our results did not indicate that reindeer alter their behavior in response to spatiotemporal variation in brown bear predation risk, on the scale of the calving range. Instead, we suggest that spatiotemporal behavioral adjustments by brown bears were the main driver of prey-predator interactions in our study system. Contrasting responses by brown bears and reindeer to clear-cuts and young forest indicate that forestry can influence species interactions and possibly yield negative consequences for the reindeer herd. Even if clear-cuts may be beneficial in terms of calf survival, logging activity will eventually cause greater abundance of young regenerating forest, reducing available reindeer habitats and increasing habitat preferred by brown bears. Domestication may have made semi-domesticated reindeer in Fennoscandia less adapted to cope with predators. Areal restrictions, limiting the opportunity for dispersion and escape, possibly make the calves more susceptible to predation. Also, a generally higher population density in semi-domesticated herds compared to wild populations can make dispersion a less efficient strategy and the reindeer calves easier prey. Overall, the lack of ability of the reindeer females to reduce brown bear encounter risk on the scale of the calving range is probably an important reason for the high brown bear predation rates on reindeer calves documented in our study areas.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Skarin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Reindeer behavioural ecology and use of pastures in pastoral livelihoods
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 63-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reindeer pastoralists have, for centuries, followed free-roaming animals throughout the Eurasian Arctic. The closing of national borders about a century ago forced the reindeer pastoralists to adapt to new conditions. Today, environmental conditions are changing rapidly with climate and land use change. Local history, migration and pasture use strategies of reindeer herding, and also the biogeography of grazing grounds during summer and winter, differ considerably between the countries. These differences also affect interactions with other forms of land use. Coexistence between reindeer husbandry and other interests requires an understanding of the differing preconditions in the natural environment. The main scope of this chapter is reindeer forage selection and adaptation to the arctic environment, as well as the use of pastures by reindeer and for reindeer husbandry and what affects their use during different seasons.
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| 27. |
- Stenhammar, Christina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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`Children are exposed to temptation all the time´ : parents’ lifestyle-related discussions in focus groups
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:2, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore parents' perspectives on providing their preschool child with a healthy lifestyle, including obstacles and resources.Methods: Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted, with 30 parents of 4-year-olds in Sweden. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Systematic Text Condensation.Results: Four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: Lifestyle -'The way you live is parents' responsibility', Challenges to promote children's healthy lifestyle, Support from professionals, and peers might facilitate, and Request for an overall responsibility from society. Parents felt that they were role models for their child's lifestyle, a concept including many factors. Attractive and tempting sedentary activities and unhealthy foods were perceived as obstacles, and parents were frustrated by the media's contradictory lifestyle messages. Child health services were expected to more actively invite parents to discuss their child's lifestyle issues. Parents desired some collective responsibility for children's lifestyles through agencies, services and media messages that support and promote healthy choices.Conclusion: Parents struggled to give their children a healthy lifestyle and the 'temptations' of daily unhealthy choices causing hassles and conflicts. Parents desired professional support from preschool, Child Health Care and a collective responsibility from society with uniform guidelines. Parents groups were mentioned as peer support.
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| 28. |
- Uboni, Alessia, et al.
(författare)
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Can management buffer pasture loss and fragmentation for Sami reindeer herding in Sweden?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pastoralism. - : Springer. - 2041-7136. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, climate change and competing land use practices are threatening rangelands around the world and the pastoral societies that rely on them. Reindeer husbandry practised by the indigenous Sami people is an example. In Sweden, approximately 70% of the most productive lichen pastures (important in winter) has been lost, either completely or because of a reduction in forage quality, as a result of competing land use (primarily commercial forestry). The remaining pastures are small and fragmented. Yet, the number of reindeer in Sweden shows no general decline. We investigated the strategies that have allowed reindeer herders to sustain their traditional livelihood despite a substantial loss of pastures and thus natural winter forage for their reindeer. Changes in harvest strategy and herd structure may partially explain the observed dynamics, and have increased herd productivity and income, but were not primarily adopted to counteract forage loss. The introduction of supplementary feeding, modern machinery, and equipment has assisted the herders to a certain extent. However, supplementary feeding and technology are expensive. In spite of governmental support and optimized herd productivity and income, increasing costs provide low economic return. We suggest that the increased economical and psychosocial costs caused by forage and pasture losses may have strong effects on the long-term sustainability of reindeer husbandry in Sweden.
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| 29. |
- Wiklund, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Meat quality and meat hygiene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reindeer and Caribou : Health and Disease. - 9781482250688 ; , s. 353-382
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Djurvälfärd i rennäringen
- 2012
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Ingår i: CBM:s skriftserie. - 1403-6568. ; 55, s. 51-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Åhman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Do human activity and infrastructure disturb domesticated reindeer? The need for the reindeer's perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 37, s. 1041-1054
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, human-Rangifer (reindeer and caribou) interactions have increasingly been studied from a scientific perspective. Many of the studies have examined Norwegian wild reindeer or caribou in North America. It is often questioned whether results from these studies can be applied to reindeer in managed herds, as these animals have been exposed to domestication and are also more used to humans. In order to examine the domesticated reindeer's reactions to various disturbance sources, we reviewed 18 studies of the effects of human activity and infrastructure on 12 populations of domesticated reindeer and compared these to studies on wild reindeer and caribou; based on this, we discuss the effects of domestication and tameness on reindeer responses to anthropogenic disturbance. We also consider the relevance of spatial and temporal scales and data collection methods when evaluating the results of these studies. The reviewed studies showed that domesticated reindeer exhibit avoidance behaviours up to 12 km away from infrastructure and sites of human activity and that the area they avoid may shift between seasons and years. Despite a long domestication process, reindeer within Sami reindeer-herding systems exhibit similar patterns of large-scale avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance as wild Rangifer, although the strength of their response may sometimes differ. This is not surprising since current Sami reindeer husbandry represents an extensive form of pastoralism, and the reindeer are not particularly tame. To obtain a true picture of how reindeer use their ranges, it is of fundamental importance to study the response pattern at a spatial and temporal scale that is relevant to the reindeer, whether domesticated or wild.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Health and diseases of semi-domesticated reindeer in a climate change perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 249-262
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change may affect reindeer herding and the health and disease of reindeer in several ways. One way of mitigating such changes is supplementary feeding, both in corrals and by bringing fodder to the animals on natural pastures. Feeding, when the right feed and feeding regime are used, may compensate for the loss of natural pastures and increase animal welfare. However, feeding may also cause issues with health and disease. These challenges may be associated with the feed and feeding regimes themselves, but also indirectly, by creating increased animal-to-animal contact and through the difficulty of maintaining hygienic conditions in corrals. In addition, climate change may have an impact on the presence of arthropod species and populations, such as ticks, mosquitoes and midges. These insects may cause increased levels of stress for the animals but can also be vectors for pathogens that may cause severe disease outbreaks, animal welfare issues and economic loss for reindeer herders. This chapter briefly presents the diseases and health problems that are directly or indirectly associated with reindeer feeding, as well as health challenges associated with arthropods and vector-borne diseases that are expected to be affected by climate change in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
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| 38. |
- Åhman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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High female mortality resulting in herd collapse in free-ranging domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reindeer herding in Sweden is a form of pastoralism practised by the indigenous Sami population. The economy is mainly based on meat production. Herd size is generally regulated by harvest in order not to overuse grazing ranges and keep a productive herd. Nonetheless, herd growth and room for harvest is currently small in many areas. Negative herd growth and low harvest rate were observed in one of two herds in a reindeer herding community in Central Sweden. The herds (A and B) used the same ranges from April until the autumn gathering in October-December, but were separated on different ranges over winter. Analyses of capture-recapture for 723 adult female reindeer over five years (2007-2012) revealed high annual losses (7.1% and 18.4%, for herd A and B respectively). A continuing decline in the total reindeer number in herd B demonstrated an inability to maintain the herd size in spite of a very small harvest. An estimated breakpoint for when herd size cannot be kept stable confirmed that the observed female mortality rate in herd B represented a state of herd collapse. Lower calving success in herd B compared to A indicated differences in winter foraging conditions. However, we found only minor differences in animal body condition between the herds in autumn. We found no evidence that a lower autumn body mass generally increased the risk for a female of dying from one autumn to the next. We conclude that the prime driver of the on-going collapse of herd B is not high animal density or poor body condition. Accidents or disease seem unlikely as major causes of mortality. Predation, primarily by lynx and wolverine, appears to be the most plausible reason for the high female mortality and state of collapse in the studied reindeer herding community.
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| 39. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Historical and social-cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 11, s. 8910-8922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analyzed DNA microsatellites and the mitochondrial control region in reindeer from 31 different husbandry areas in Norway, Sweden, and Finland in order to better understand the processes that underlie the genetic variability of the Nordic domestic herds. The distinct differentiation found in the nuclear markers but less so in the mitochondrial marker gives evidence of an origin from a common ancestral population which later evolved into the two main gene pools characterizing the nuclear genomes of domestic reindeer in Finland and most of Sweden and Norway. Analyses of temporal trends in effective population size give evidence of a rapid increase in number of reindeer before the population growth associated with the pastoral transition. This implies that the ancestry of contemporary domestic reindeer lay among a rapidly growing wild population possibly located in the boreal areas of eastern Fennoscandia or European Russia. The evolution of reindeer husbandry in Finland, perhaps with input from European Russia, which later spread to northern Norway could explain the shared genomic pattern observed in these areas today. The structured selection of productive female-centered herds may explain the genetic structure in other parts of Norway and in Sweden. The further substructuring of the Swedish/ Norwegian gene pool appears to follow the traditional language borders with the South Sami language dominating the southern and the Central Sami language in the more northern genetic subclusters. This suggests that traditional knowledge, cultural identities, and herd migrations have contributed to shape the genetic structure seen today. Ecological gradients are more pronounced within as compared to between the genetic clusters, giving further evidence that historical and social-cultural processes are important drivers for the genetic differentiations found in domestic reindeer across the Nordic countries.
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| 40. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Large predators and their impact on reindeer husbandry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 119-130
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several large predators (wolf, lynx, wolverine, brown bear and eagle) are present within the Fennoscandian reindeer herding area, where reindeer are often their main prey. After being more or less eradicated during the 1800s and early 1900s, predators were gradually protected leading to the recovery of all species. Growing populations of predators evidently lead to increased damage to reindeer and reindeer husbandry. In Fennoscandia, the annual loss of reindeer due to predation is probably around 50,000–100,000 animals. Herders get economic compensation for losses. In Finland and Norway, this is based on the number of predator-killed reindeer that are found, while in Sweden the compensation is based on the number of predators (wolf, lynx or wolverine) or area of the herding district (bear and golden eagle). According to national policy, reindeer husbandry should be taken into account in the management of large predators, but often population goals for the predator override the interests of reindeer husbandry. Although reindeer herders acknowledge that predators have a place in the ecosystem, there is frustration about reimbursement not compensating for actual losses, and that herders’ voices are not heard, and their knowledge not recognized, when it comes to predator management.
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| 41. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Long-term decline of radiocaesium in Fennoscandian reindeer
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The NKS-B project REIN was established to synthesize the available information on contamination levels and effective half-times for 137Cs in reindeer in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Several studies of radiocaesium contamination in reindeer have been carried out in the Nordic countries over the last 50 years. However, the current slow decline in concentrations, which will maintain the consequences of the Chernobyl deposition for Swedish and Norwegian reindeer husbandry for at least another 10-20 years, have not previously been observed nor predicted. In the Chernobyl affected areas 137Cs concentrations in reindeer initially declined by effective half-times of 3-4 years, whereas the current decline appears to be mainly governed by the nuclide's physical half-life (30 years). The review of effective half-times of 137Cs in reindeer across Fennoscandia suggests that concentrations declined more rapidly in the northernmost areas. The reason(-s) remains unclear, and demonstrates the need for more long-term sampling of the various components of reindeer's diet. Such sampling should aim at covering climatically different areas, as climate may influence transfer of radiocaesium to reindeer via lichen growth and weathering rates, composition of plant communities and lichen availability, as well as soil-to-plant radiocaesium uptake. The lack of long-term data on radiocaesium in natural vegetation in the Nordic countries is one of the main limitations for the development of mechanistic models for radiocaesium in reindeer, and for further elucidation of the observed long-term trends in 137Cs concentrations in reindeer. Currently our understanding of the long-term trends observed in various areas is not good enough to predict how future radiocaesium deposition will behave. The high transfer of nuclides to reindeer, the geographical extension of reindeer herding and the special position of the Sami population in Finland, Sweden and Norway, demonstrates the need for maintaining competence and further developing the common basis for Nordic fallout management and emergency preparedness related to this food-chain.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Radionuclides in reindeer meat; a case report
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemical hazards in foods of animal origin. - The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863266 ; :7, s. 611-621
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Rangifer diet and nutritional needs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reindeer and Caribou : Health and Disease. - 9781482250688 ; , s. 107-134
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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Renhjord i kollaps : produktivitet, kondition och renförluster i Njaarke sameby
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport innehåller delresultat från projektet ”Förbättring av djurens nutrition, hälsa och välfärd genom näringsmässigt anpassade skötselåtgärder i renskötseln” som bedrivits i Njaarke sameby och i samebyarna Gran och Svaipa under 2007-2012. Statens jordbruksverk (SJV) har bidragit med medel till projektet och hela projektet finns beskrivet mer i detalj i en slutrapport till SJV (åhman 2012). Föreliggande rapport fokuserar på Njaarke sameby och den pågående kollaps av renhjorden som påvisats där. Resultaten från ursprungsrapporten har här kompletterats med en del ytterligare data. Publicering av data ur renlängd och slaktdatabas på samebynivå har godkänts av samebyn. Författaren vill passa på att rikta ett varmt tack till samebyns medlemmar för att ha fått tillgång till deras renar och för stor hjälp med handräckning i samband med datainsamlingen. Resultaten från projektet visar sjunkande produktion och stora förluster av ren i Njaarke sameby. Det är inte bara kalvar som försvinner, utan även i stor utsträckning vuxna vajor. Detta gäller båda byns vintergrupper, men för den ena vintergruppen är förlusterna så stora att det lett till en pågående kollaps av renhjorden. över hälften av de vuxna vajorna, som fanns med då projektet startade 2007, har försvunnit under projekttiden och det finns inte honkalvar tillräckligt för att ersätta de vuxna vajor som dör. Rapporten visar att renarna är i bra kondition och att man därför borde kunna ha en hög produktion. Det har inte gått att hitta någon annan rimlig förklaring till resultaten än att många renar dödas av rovdjur. Slutsatsen blir att rovdjurstrycket måste reduceras och maximeras i relation till skadan på renhjorden om renskötseln i samebyn ska ha chans att återhämta sig och överleva på sikt. Resultaten i rapporten redovisades och diskuterades på ett möte med representanter för samebyn, SSR, Sametinget och Länsstyrelsen i Jämtlands län den 26 februari 2013. Rapporten har sammanställts på begäran från detta möte. Min förhoppning är att rapporten ska vara ett stöd för beslut gällande rovdjursförvaltningen i området och även utgöra en bas för att följa upp resultaten av genomförd förvaltning.
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| 47. |
- Åhman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Role of supplementary feeding in reindeer husbandry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer husbandry and global environmental change. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 - 9780367632687 - 9781003118565 ; , s. 232-248, s. 233-247
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter discusses the practice of providing reindeer with supplementary feed in winter as part of reindeer husbandry in Finland, Sweden and Norway. It describes how feeding is practised, and the benefits and problems connected with this practice, as perceived in the scientific literature and by herders. It also reflects on the possible future role of feeding. Feeding of reindeer is more common in Finland than in the other two countries but seems to be gradually increasing across all Fennoscandia. The main reason is the continuing loss and deterioration of winter pastures due to expanding land use by forestry, mineral and energy production and other industrial and infrastructure schemes, leading to increased grazing pressure on the remaining land. Climate change increases the frequency of difficult winter grazing conditions, and growing predator populations restrict the use of pastures for reindeer grazing. Reduced access to natural pasture can be counteracted by supplementary feeding, but at high costs and risks of impaired animal health and welfare. Herders are also concerned that increased use of feeding may threaten land rights, transfer of traditional knowledge between generations and the ability of reindeer to make use of natural pasture resources, and thereby the traditional management system as a whole.
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| 48. |
- Åhman, Birgitta
(författare)
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The productive herd. Past, present and perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 ; , s. 191-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally the multipurpose reindeer herd supplied an array of products from both live and slaughtered animals. After the transportation revolution and integration into the market economy in the 1960s and 1970s, however, the focus was directed towards maximizing meat production. Research carried out at the time revealed that the females’ adult body mass was an appropriate proxy for their production potential. Herd composition, selection and slaughter strategies were reformed. A winter herd composed predominantly of productive females with a spring body mass of around 70 kg and herd size not exceeding the available winter resources will yield a high percentage of calves to be slaughtered in autumn. Economic incentives and imposed regulations contributed to this transformation. However, these modern production imperatives were not necessarily compatible with the herders’ traditional values. Indeed, meat productivity varies between and within countries. This chapter discusses abiotic and biotic factors, genetics, as well as management practices that may influence these differences. Herds in good condition are able to withstand and adapt to ongoing climate change and frequent weather extremes. Integrating resilience to environmental variability into reindeer breeding programmes may improve the capacity of the production system.
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| 49. |
- Åhman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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The Pursuit of Population Collapses: Long-Term Dynamics of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 45, s. 161-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatiotemporal reindeer population fluctuations are a result of multiple factors that working in concert affecting the structure and functioning of many Arctic and Sub-Arctic ecosystems. We investigated the population dynamics of Swedish semi-domestic reindeer from 1945 to 2012 at the reindeer herding district-level (Sameby) to identify possible population collapses or declines. We also explored spatial trends and synchrony in population dynamics across latitudinal-longitude gradients for two distinct periods: 1945-1965 and 1995-2012 but found no evidence of large-scale reindeer population declines and no visible synchrony across adjacent populations. Our findings were unexpected as both reindeer populations and the pastoral lifestyle face increased habitat loss, predation, fragmentation and climate change.
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| 50. |
- Åhman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Nasal symptoms and pathophysiology in farmers
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 74:4, s. 279-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Increased morbidity and mortality in lower airway diseases have been reported among farmers. The aim of this study was to assess upper airway problems in farmers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five dairy farmers, 20 pig farmers, 21 grain farmers and 19 control subjects were studied, by use of questionnaire, skin-prick test, dynamic spirometry, nasal inspection, acoustic rhinometry (before and after a decongestant) as well as by determinations of the olfactory threshold and nasal lavage (NAL) concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and albumin. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, farmers had more complaints of work-related symptoms from the lower airways, and symptoms of smell impairment, and more often had nasal polyps and hyperaemia of the nasal mucosa. They also had higher levels of MPO in NAL (especially dairy farmers and pig farmers), and a tendency to more swollen nasal mucosa and lower olfactory threshold (especially grain farmers). CONCLUSIONS: The farmers had more pathological findings in their nasal mucosa, possibly indicating effects of allergens and irritants in their work environment. More studies are needed to evaluate work environment factors causing these pathological findings in farmers.
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