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1.
  • Albrecht, Martin (författare)
  • Enabling socio-technical transitions – electric vehicles and high voltage electricity grids as focal points of low emission futures
  • 2017
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Today humankind is facing numerous sustainability challenges that require us to question CO2 intensive practices like those present in the transport and energy sector. To meet those challenges, many countries have adopted ambitious climate targets. Achieving such targets requires an understanding of the wider socio-technical context of transitions. The aim of this licentiate thesis is therefore to analyse such socio-technical transitions towards low-emission futures enabled by the electrification of passenger cars and high voltage grid development.A combination of different transitions theories (for ex. Multi-level perspective and Technological innovation systems) and institutional theory has been used. To reach the aim paper I analyses the climate impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) and policy measures to achieve a breakthrough scenario for EVs. The results show that a mixture of short and long term policies are needed that take into account the technology development stage and behavioural aspects of EV adopters. Paper II addresses the need to include the high voltage transmission grid and its planning procedures as a central part of debates on transitions. Therefore the opportunities, challenges and reasons for conflict in the established regime are studied. The results show that in order to achieve a sustainable grid development regime, it is necessary to spend time on achieving legitimacy and social sustainability. The third paper uses semi-structured expert interviews and focuses on innovation dynamics for EV adoption. By focusing on dynamics instead of single policy measures, it is possible to grasp interactions within a niche, but also in between a niche, regime and landscape. The results show that strong initial technology legitimacy was needed to start substantial innovation dynamics. This could be further strengthened with a strong and broad coalition of actors. Both those factors led, if present, to an improved variety and match of policy instruments.As such this thesis has shown that transitions are not just about technology or policy instruments as such but about the dynamics and processes needed to enable them. This can be relevant in other transitions that otherwise may underestimate the importance of these components.
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2.
  • Dalin, Frida, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical and immunological characteristics of Autoimmune Addison's disease : a nationwide Swedish multicenter study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:2, s. 379-389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • CONTEXT: Studies on clinical and immunological features of Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) are needed to understand the disease burden and increased mortality.OBJECTIVE: To provide upgraded data on autoimmune comorbidities, replacement therapy, autoantibody profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross sectional, population-based study. 660 AAD patients were included utilizing the Swedish Addison Registry (SAR) 2008-2014. When analyzing cardiovascular risk factors, 3,594 individuals from the population-based survey in Northern Sweden, MONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease), served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. Autoantibodies against 13 autoantigens were determined.RESULTS: Sixty percent of the SAR cohort consisted of females. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher for females than for males (36.8 vs. 31.1 years). The proportion of 21-hydroxylase autoantibody positive patients was 83% and 62% of patients had one or more associated autoimmune diseases, more frequently coexisting in females (p<0.0001). AAD patients had lower BMI (p<0.0001) and prevalence of hypertension (p=0.027) compared with controls. Conventional hydrocortisone tablets were used by 89% of patients; with the mean dose 28.1±8.5 mg/day. The mean hydrocortisone equivalent dose normalized to body surface was 14.8±4.4 mg/m(2)/day. Higher hydrocortisone equivalent dose was associated with higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.046).CONCLUSIONS: Careful monitoring of AAD patients is warranted to detect associated autoimmune diseases. Contemporary Swedish AAD patients do not have increased prevalence of overweight, hypertension, T2DM or hyperlipidemia. However, high glucocorticoid replacement doses may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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3.
  • Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • CREATING STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS – CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The sixth Swedish Production Symposium. - 9789198097412
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper present result from three global companies regarding strategies for creating global instructions, the studies are from a current state perspective. The result is based from a survey with 65 respondents. The designers are responsible for instructions and are from two different areas; assembly and service market. Furthermore a workshop has been arranged were two of three companies participated. Three main issues towards formulating a strategy will be discussed; (1) Information carrier; the results reveal that the most common information carrier for instructions are, Paper, Personal meetings and Desktops. (2) Who is responsible for quality assurance, most answers were production engineers. (3) Are there any standards concerning instruction at your company today? The respondents answered yes or under development in over 80 % of the cases on the question; if it exist any standards today.
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4.
  • Gulz, Agneta, et al. (författare)
  • Datorspelets mening och potential
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Lärande och IT. - : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173312899 ; , s. 139-150
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Vad kan man lära sig av att spela datorspel? Den som spelar finner nog frågan tämligen ointressant. För spelaren är vitsen med spelandet inte att lära sig något. Meningsfulla frågor är istället: Vad kan jag göra med det här spelet? Vilka regler har jag att förhålla mig till och hur kan jag hantera dem? Hur kan jag komma vidare i spelet? Hur gör jag för att vinna?Många barn och ungdomar, och även vuxna för den delen, tillbringar idag delar av sin tillvaro med att spela datorspel. För många är datorspelandet också ett stort intresse som upptar många timmar. Uppenbarligen finns det starka drivkrafter som gör att man ägnar sig åt att spela datorspel. Det ligger då nära till hands att fundera både över om spelandet kan ha någon positiv eller negativ effekt på individens utveckling och lärande. För pedagoger blir det också intressant att fundera över om datorspel kan ha någon potential som redskap i undervisningen. Men för att kunna förstå datorspelandets eventuella negativa eller positiva effekter behöver vi först förstå datorspelets speciella struktur och den mening som spelandet har för spelarna själva. För en sådan förståelse kan forskningen ge ett viktigt bidrag.
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5.
  • Lundmark, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Mucin 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 as novel salivary biomarkers for periodontitis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 44:3, s. 247-254
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by irreversible destruction of tooth-supporting tissue including alveolar bone. We recently reported mucin 4 ( MUC4) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as highly associated with periodontitis in gingival tissue biopsies. The aim of this study was to further investigate the levels of MUC4 and MMP7 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Saliva and GCF samples were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. The levels of MUC4, MMP7, and total protein concentrations were analysed using ELISA or Bradford assay. Results: MUC4 levels were significantly lower in saliva and GCF from periodontitis patients relative to healthy controls. MMP7 levels were significantly higher in saliva and GCF from periodontitis patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that MUC4 was significantly associated with periodontitis after adjusting for age and smoking habits and, moreover, that the combination of MUC4 and MMP7 accurately discriminated periodontitis from healthy controls. Conclusions: MUC4 and MMP7 may be utilized as possible novel biomarkers for periodontitis.
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6.
  • Albin, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • 0253 Hairdressers are occupationally exposed to ortho- and meta- toluidine
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 32-33
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hairdressing work is classified as carcinogenic based on excess risk for bladder cancer. We aimed at evaluating if current hairdressers are exposed to established/suspected bladder carcinogens (aromatic amines) and indicate possible sources of exposure.
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7.
  • Bainsla, Lakhan, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Large out-of-plane spin-orbit torque in topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe 4
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1, s. 4649-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The unique electronic properties of topological quantum materials, such as protected surface states and exotic quasiparticles, can provide an out-of-plane spin-polarized current needed for external field-free magnetization switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Conventional spin-orbit torque (SOT) materials provide only an in-plane spin-polarized current, and recently explored materials with lower crystal symmetries provide very low out-of-plane spin-polarized current components, which are not suitable for energy-efficient SOT applications. Here, we demonstrate a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT at room temperature using the topological Weyl semimetal candidate TaIrTe4 with a lower crystal symmetry. We performed spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) and second harmonic Hall measurements on devices based on TaIrTe4/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures and observed a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT efficiency. The out-of-plane spin Hall conductivity is estimated to be (4.05 ± 0.23)×104 (ℏ ⁄ 2e) (Ωm)-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the reported values in other materials.
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8.
  • Balk, Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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9.
  • Brogaard, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Think H2O! – An educational partnership to raise students’ awareness of the water challenges
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Think H2O! – An educational partnership to raise students’ awareness of the water challenges Introduction: To secure future access to safe water is one of the most important sustainability challenges, on local and global level. Water is a cause of conflict and cooperation in an increasingly complex world. This crucial challenge requires a transdisciplinary approach (Segalàs & Tejedor, 2013) and extensive educational efforts and continuous engagement of many different stakeholders and actors. Sydvatten AB and Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS) cooperate in several educational projects Sydvatten is a non-profit, municipality-owned company that produces drinking water for 900,000 residents in the south of Sweden and has a long-term responsibility to ensure future supply of drinking water for this region. LUCSUS is a university platform for education, research and cooperation inside and outside academia on questions related to sustainable development. Objectives: This paper gives an example of how different stakeholders and actors can work together in educational projects to highlight the value of water and to increase young people’s awareness, knowledge and understanding of water issues. More specifically the project aims to demonstrate the wide range of topics within water challenges and to encourage students to further education or engagement to promote sustainable development within the water sector. Methods: In the long-term project Think H2 O! Sydvatten offers teachers and their students in upper secondary school, a scholarship for a two-day watercourse at lake Bolmen, which is one of the most important resources for drinking water in Sweden. The course activities are a mix of workshops, lectures, role-play, experiments, canoeing, camping and outdoor cooking. The teachers and facilitators are from LUCSUS, Sydvatten, Vildmarksgymnasiet (the local Wilderness school) and the local business Tiraholms Fisk. The many partners involved give the students access to different competencies, skills and experiences. Master students at Lund University have developed some of the teaching material. Results: This collaboration emphasizes the transdisciplinary aspects of water, which increase the pedagogical value. The results are based on three pilot groups during 2014, with totally 150 students. The students’ evaluations demonstrate increased awareness of the value of water and a deeper understanding of the complexity of water challenges. Conclusion: The promising results show the great potential of the project and during 2015 another 500 students will be invited to participate. Despite the difficulties to evaluate the lasting effects, it is the intention of Sydvatten, the funder, to expand the project to a long-term investment. Due to demanding future sustainability challenges, it is Sydvatten’s and LUCSUS’ responsibility, as community stakeholders, to promote greater public awareness of the value of water. The project Think H2 O! is an example of social responsibility of actors in the public sector. Keywords: education, partnership, water challenges, value of water
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10.
  • Dürrenfeld, Philipp, et al. (författare)
  • Tunable damping, saturation magnetization, and exchange stiffness of half-Heusler NiMnSb thin films
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 92:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The half-metallic half-Heusler alloy NiMnSb is a promising candidate for applications in spintronic devices due to its low magnetic damping and its rich anisotropies. Here we use ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements and calculations from first principles to investigate how the composition of the epitaxially grown NiMnSb influences the magnetodynamic properties of saturation magnetization M-S, Gilbert damping alpha, and exchange stiffness A. M-S and A are shown to have a maximum for stoichiometric composition, while the Gilbert damping is minimum. We find excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for M-S and alpha. The calculated A shows the same trend as the experimental data but has a larger magnitude. In addition to the unique in-plane anisotropy of the material, these tunabilities of the magnetodynamic properties can be taken advantage of when employing NiMnSb films in magnonic devices.
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11.
  • Emanuelson, Ingrid, et al. (författare)
  • Traumatic brain injury in children treated at the neurosurgical unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 1987-1991 and 1997-2001: An analysis of the process of care
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: In 1992, a new volume targeted treatment, the  “Lund Protocol”, was introduced in the field of neurosurgical care at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The mortality rate for adults dropped markedly while the number of patients in a vegetative state remained at the same level. As  yet, changes in mortality and outcome for children have not been investigated in detail. Aim: To describe the causes and severity of injury, process of care from emergency care to rehabilitation, and the rate of received rehabilitation and to follow-up two cohorts treated for  child traumatic brain injury (CTBI) before and after the initiation of the  “Lund Protocol”. For group 2, treated after the initiation of  the  “Lund Protocol” an additional aim was to relate brain injury severity parameters in the acute care stage to functional outcome. Methods: A retrospective population-based study of patient records of former paediatric patients treated  neurosurgically for CTBI between 1987-1991 and 1997-2001. Epidemiological results are presented as descriptive statistics. To evaluate the relationship between brain injury parameters and outcome an exploratory cluster analysis was performed on the data from group 2. Results: For both groups traffic accidents were the most common cause of injury. The Glasgow Coma Scale indicated a more severe injury level in group1. The mortality rate in group1 was 8 %  compared with 2 % in group 2 (n.s.). The Glasgow outcome score was on the same level (median 5), and the rate of received rehabilitation was equally low in both groups, 27 % versus 33 %. The cluster analysis revealed that length of care and time in a respirator had a stronger relationship with outcome than the Reaction Level Scale (RLS). Conclusion: There is still no stable process of care after CTBI as 67 % in the later treated group did not receive rehabilitation and 50 % of those did not receive any medical check- ups in the long- term perspective. 
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13.
  • Fang, Yeyu, 1984- (författare)
  • Titled and graded anisotropy FePt and FePtCu thin films for the application of hard disk drive and spin torque oscillators
  • 2011
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    •  The FePt and FePtCu thin films with graded anisotropy and titled anisotropy are utilized to solve both the magnetic recording ‘‘trilemma’’ of the hard disk drives (HDDs) and the large field operation problem of spin torque oscillators (STOs). We have successfully realized the FePtCu thin films with graded anisotropy. During deposition a compositional gradient is achieved by continuously varying the Cu content from the top to bottom. After annealing at proper temperatures, the top Cu-poor regions remain at soft A1 phase, while the bottom Cu-rich regions transform into hard L1 0phase. Hence the gradient anisotropy is established through the film thickness. The critical role of the annealing temperatures (TA) on the resultant anisotropy gradient is investigated. Magnetic measurements support the creation of an anisotropy gradient in properly annealed films which exhibit both the reduced coercivity and moderate thermal stability. In conjunction of the fabrication, the subsequent analysis of the graded material is not trivial. The reversal mechanism of graded anisotropy have been investigated by alternation gradient magnetometer (AGM) and magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements with first order reversal curves (FORC) technique. The AGM-FORC analysis, which clearly shows the soft and hard phases, is not able to resolve how these phases are distributed through the film thickness. MOKE-FORC measurement which preferentially probes the surface of the film, reveal that the soft components are indeed located toward the top surface. The TA plays a critical role in the induced anisotropy gradient. We provide a detailed study of the how the anisotropy gradient in a compositional graded FePtCu film gradually develops as a function of the TA. By utilizing the in-situ annealing and magnetic characterization capability of a physical property measurement system, the evolution of the induced anisotropy gradient is elucidated. These results are important and useful for the application of HDDs. In order to achieve the zero-field operation for STOs, we have successfully fabricated pseudo spinvalves based on L1 0(111) textured FePt or FePtCu. We demonstrate magnetoresistance(MR) in excess of 4% in FePt/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiFe pseudo spin valves based on L10(111)-oriented FePt fixed layers with a 36 ° out-of-plane tilted magnetization. The high MR is achieved by increasing the spin polarization at the Cu interfaces, using thin CoFe, and optimizing the FePt growth and Cu interface quality using Ta and Ta/Pt underlayers.We observe well-separated switching of the FePt/CoFe fixed layer and the CoFe/NiFe free layer, suggesting that CoFe is rigidly exchange coupled to FePt and NiFe in the respective layers. Futuremore, through optimization of the Cu spacer thickness, we demonstrate MR up to 5% in FePtCu/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiFe pseudo spin valves based on L10 (111) FePtCu fixed layers with a tilted magnetization. We find an optimum spacer thickness of about 2.4 nm which correlates with a clear onset of strong interlayer exchange coupling below 2.4 nm and spin-independent current shunting in the spacer above 2.4 nm. These results are an important milestone for future applications of tilted spin polarizers in STOs.
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14.
  • Francis, Princy, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostic and prognostic gene expression signatures in 177 soft tissue sarcomas: hypoxia-induced transcription profile signifies metastatic potential.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) diagnosis is challenging because of a multitude of histopathological subtypes, different genetic characteristics, and frequent intratumoral pleomorphism. One-third of STS metastasize and current risk-stratification is suboptimal, therefore, novel diagnostic and prognostic markers would be clinically valuable. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of array-based gene expression profiles using 27 k cDNA microarrays in 177, mainly high-grade, STS of 13 histopathological subtypes. Results Unsupervised analysis resulted in two major clusters – one mainly containing STS characterized by type-specific genetic alterations and the other with a predominance of genetically complex and pleomorphic STS. Synovial sarcomas, myxoid/round-cell liposarcomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors clustered tightly within the former cluster and discriminatory signatures for these were characterized by developmental genes from the EGFR, FGFR, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, RAR and KIT signaling pathways. The more pleomorphic STS subtypes, e.g. leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated/pleomorphic liposarcoma, were part of the latter cluster and were characterized by relatively heterogeneous profiles, although subclusters herein were identified. A prognostic signature partly characterized by hypoxia-related genes was identified among 89 genetically complex pleomorphic primary STS and could, in a multivariate analysis including established prognostic markers, independently predict the risk of metastasis with a hazard ratio of 2.2 (P = 0.04). Conclusion Diagnostic gene expression profiles linking signaling pathways to the different STS subtypes were demonstrated and a hypoxia-induced metastatic profile was identified in the pleomorphic, high-grade STS. These findings verify diagnostic utility and application of expression data for improved selection of high-risk STS patients.
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15.
  • Geisler, Christian H., et al. (författare)
  • Long-term progression-free survival of mantle cell lymphoma after intensive front-line immunochemotherapy with in vivo-purged stem cell rescue : a nonrandomized phase 2 multicenter study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 112:7, s. 2687-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered incurable. Intensive immunochemotherapy with stem cell support has not been tested in large, prospective series. In the 2nd Nordic MCL trial, we treated 160 consecutive, untreated patients younger than 66 years in a phase 2 protocol with dose-intensified induction immunochemotherapy with rituximab (R) + cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone (maxi-CHOP), alternating with R + high-dose cytarabine. Responders received high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM or BEAC (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan/cyclophosphamide) with R-in vivo purged autologous stem cell support. Overall and complete response was achieved in 96% and 54%, respectively. The 6-year overall, event-free, and progression-free survival were 70%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, with no relapses occurring after 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed Ki-67 to be the sole independent predictor of event-free survival. The nonrelapse mortality was 5%. The majority of stem cell products and patients assessed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after transplantation were negative. Compared with our historical control, the Nordic MCL-1 trial, the event-free, overall, and progression-free survival, the duration of molecular remission, and the proportion of PCR-negative stem cell products were significantly increased (P < .001). Intensive immunochemotherapy with in vivo purged stem cell support can lead to long-term progression-free survival of MCL and perhaps cure. Registered at www.isrctn.org as #ISRCTN 87866680.
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16.
  • Himonakos, Christos, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term Follow-up of 84 Patients With Giant Prolactinomas-A Swedish Nationwide Study.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 108:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with giant prolactinomas.Register-based study of patients with giant prolactinomas [serum prolactin (PRL) > 1000 µg/L, tumor diameter ≥40 mm] identified in the Swedish Pituitary Register 1991-2018.Eighty-four patients [mean age 47 (SD ±16) years, 89% men] were included in the study. At diagnosis, the median PRL was 6305 µg/L (range 1450-253 000), the median tumor diameter was 47 mm (range 40-85), 84% of the patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and 71% visual field defects. All patients were treated with a dopamine agonist (DA) at some point. Twenty-three (27%) received 1 or more additional therapies, including surgery (n = 19), radiotherapy (n = 6), other medical treatments (n = 4), and chemotherapy (n = 2). Ki-67 was ≥10% in 4/14 tumors. At the last follow-up [median 9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4-15)], the median PRL was 12 µg/L (IQR 4-126), and the median tumor diameter was 22 mm (IQR 3-40). Normalized PRL was achieved in 55%, significant tumor reduction in 69%, and combined response (normalized PRL and significant tumor reduction) in 43%. In the primary DA-treated patients (n = 79), the reduction in PRL or tumor size after the first year predicted the combined response at the last follow-up (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively).DAs effectively reduced PRL and tumor size, but approximately 1 patient out of 4 needed multimodal treatment. Our results suggest that the response to DA after 1 year is useful for identifying patients who need more careful monitoring and, in some cases, additional treatment.
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18.
  • Kristoffersson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Deletion of 14q in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • 1990
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 44:4, s. 261-264
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract: 6 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma [3 with small cell lymphocytic lymphoma of B‐cell type (SL), and 1 each with follicular centroblastic/centrocytic, centroblastic, and immunoblastic lymphoma] and with the acquired cytogenetic abnormalities del(14) (q22) or del(14) (q24) are described. An evaluation of these 6 cases and 41 other lymphatic neoplasms with 14q deletion known from the literature revealed that 37 had a breakpoint in bands q22 to q24. The deletions occur significantly more often in lymphomas of SL morphology and in the leukemic counterpart, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, than in other types of lymphatic malignancies (p< 0.001).
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19.
  • Larsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • The Global Arms Trade Network 1950-2007
  • 2010
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We study the evolution of the global arms trade network using a unique dataset on all international transfers of major conventional weapons over the period 1950-2007. First, we provide a careful description of the characteristics of global arms trade using tools from social network analysis. Second, we relate our .ndings to political regimes by studying whether di¤erences in polity scores a¤ect the likelihood of arms trade by estimating an augmented gravity equation. Our .ndings from the network analysis are much in line with common views of the Cold War. We see a clear division between the Warsaw Pact and NATO, with the Soviet Union being more central to the former than the United States to the latter. We .nd that di¤erences in polity has a signi.cant, negative e¤ect on the likelihood of arms trade between two countries. The relationship is remarkably robust throughout the sample period and does not hold for trade in any other good that we investigate. The result suggests that democracies are indeed more likely to trade arms with other democracies than with autocracies since the former are not perceived as potential adversaries. We view this .nding as evidence in favour of the Democratic Peace Theory.
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20.
  • Larsson, Jörgen, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • International and national climate policies for aviation: a review
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; 19:6, s. 787-799
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO2 emissions and in addition there are non-CO2 effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which since 2012 includes the aviation sector. The effects of these policies on the expected development of air travel emissions from 2017 to 2030 have been analyzed. For the sample country Sweden, the analysis shows that when emissions reductions in other sectors are attributed to the aviation sector as a result of the EU ETS and CORSIA, carbon emissions are expected to reduce by -0.8% per year (however if non-CO2 emissions are included in the analysis, then emissions will increase). This is much less than what is needed to achieve the 2 degrees C target. Our analysis of potential national aviation policy instruments shows that there are legally feasible options that could mitigate emissions in addition to the EU ETS and CORSIA. Distance-based air passenger taxes are common among EU Member States and through increased ticket prices these taxes can reduce demand for air travel and thus reduce emissions. Tax on jet fuel is an option for domestic aviation and for international aviation if bilateral agreements are concluded. A quota obligation for biofuels is a third option.
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21.
  • Liljenström, Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Annual climate impact and primary energy use of Swedish transport infrastructure
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • By 2045, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases, implying that also the transport sector must reduce its emissions to nearly zero by that year. Planning for emission reduction measures require network level studies showing environmental impacts of the transport network. Previous studies do not allow assessment of current hotspots in the infrastructure network, which limits their relevance for decision-support in this question. The aim of this paper is to assess the current annual climate impact and primary energy use of Swedish transport infrastructure by using a methodological approach based on life cycle assessment. The scope includes new construction and management of roads, railways, airports, ports, and fairway channels. The climate impact was estimated to 3 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalents and the primary energy use was estimated to 27 terawatt hours. Mainly road and rail infrastructure contributed to these impacts. The environmental hotspots in the infrastructure network were identified as management of the infrastructure stock (particularly reinvestment of road and rail infrastructure) and material production (particularly production of asphalt, steel, and concrete). Planners should work systematically with emission and energy efficiency in these areas to reduce impacts of Swedish transport infrastructure. Additional research on impacts of small construction measures, the size of biogenic carbon emissions (in standing biomass as well as soil carbon), and the use and impacts of asphalt used in road construction and management would further increase the understanding of Swedish transport infrastructure at the network level.
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22.
  • Liljenström, Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Annual climate impact and primary energy use of Swedish transport infrastructure
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - 1567-7133 .- 1567-7141. ; 19:2, s. 77-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By 2045, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases. To reach this goal, stakeholders involved in planning and construction of Swedish transport infrastructure aim to half their climate impact by 2030. Planning for emission reduction measures require network level studies showing environmental impacts of the infrastructure network. Previous studies do not allow assessment of current hotspots in the infrastructure network, which limits their relevance for decision-support in this question. The aim of this paper is to assess the current annual climate impact and primary energy use of Swedish transport infrastructure by using a methodological approach based on life cycle assessment. The scope includes new construction and management (operation, maintenance, and reinvestment) of existing roads, railways, airports, ports, and fairway channels. The annual climate impact was estimated to 2.8 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalents and the annual primary energy use was estimated to 27 terawatt hours. Mainly road and rail infrastructure contributed to these impacts. Environmental hotspots of the infrastructure network were management of the infrastructure stock (particularly reinvestment of road and rail infrastructure) and material production (particularly production of asphalt, steel, and concrete). If climate targets are to be met, these areas are particularly important to address. Additional research on impacts of small construction measures, the size of biogenic carbon emissions (in standing biomass as well as soil carbon), and the use and impacts of asphalt for road construction and management would further increase the understanding of impacts related to Swedish transport infrastructure at the network level.
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23.
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24.
  • Liljenström, Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Direct and indirect climate impact and primary energy use of the Swedish transport system : A consumption-based perspective
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Transport is a main contributor to climate change and significant emission reduction measures are required to reach climate targets. This paper identifies hotspots in the Swedish transport system, which is important for the identification of such emission reduction measures. Results complements Swedish official statistics and previous network level studies by applying a methodological approach that allows for the assessment of annual impacts and identification of environmental hotspots. The aim is to estimate the annual direct and indirect climate impact and primary energy use of the Swedish transport system, including national and international passenger travel, domestic freight transport, and import of goods. The scope includes infrastructure, vehicles, and fuels for freight and passenger traffic by road, rail, air, and sea in 2015. The annual climate impact and primary energy use was estimated to be 46 million tonnes CO2 equivalents and 196 TWh, respectively. Vehicle operation – especially road passenger traffic and international aviation – contributed the most to impacts. However, the relative importance of vehicle operation varies for the individual transport modes. Of the indirect aspects, manufacturing and maintenance of road vehicles contributed the most. Results provide a baseline that can be used in scenario analyses of the transport system as well as a basis for reasoning about the total system effects of policy measures and opportunities for Swedish actors to influence impacts of Swedish consumption. Further research involves filling data gaps identified in this paper, and continued development and improvement of data and models.
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25.
  • Liljenström, Carolina (författare)
  • Life cycle assessment in early planning of transport systems : Decision support at project and network levels
  • 2018
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Swedish Climate Policy Framework implies that the Swedish transport sector must reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to nearly zero by 2045. Previous studies have – using life cycle assessment – shown that indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the vehicle and infrastructure life cycle are significant and should be considered in transport policy and planning of transport systems, in addition to direct emissions of vehicle operation.The aim of this thesis is to contribute with knowledge on climate impact and primary energy use of transport systems for decision-support in early planning at project and network levels, and evaluate and demonstrate how life cycle climate impact and primary energy use can be assessed in early planning. This thesis includes three papers that contribute to achieving this aim. Paper I developed a methodological approach to assess annual climate impact and primary energy use of Swedish road, rail, air, and sea transport infrastructure at a network level. Paper II then expanded this system to the assessment of the Swedish transport system at a network level, including national and international freight and passenger transport by road, rail, air, and sea. At the project level, Paper III examined how LCA can be used as decision-support in choice of road corridor, considering the practical prerequisite of data availability in early planning and usefulness of results in the decision-making process.Paper I showed that the annual climate impact of Swedish transport infrastructure is around 3 million tonnes CO2 equivalents and that the annual primary energy use is around 27 TWh. Road infrastructure accounted for the largest proportion of impacts – around 70% of the climate impact and around 80% of the energy use. Paper II showed that the annual climate impact of the Swedish transport system was around 44 million tonnes CO2 equivalents and the primary energy use was around 178 TWh. Road transport and aviation together accounted for 90% of the climate impact and primary energy use. Indirect impacts were significant, especially for road and rail transport, accounting for 30% of the total climate impact and primary energy use. Paper III found that (1) collection of project specific data should focus on parameters that differentiate the road corridors, that can be influenced in early planning, and that are not directly related to the road length and (2) life cycle assessment based models used in early planning should include nation specific generic data approved by the national road authority. 
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26.
  • Malmaeus, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Addressing rebound effects in transport policy-Insights from exploring five case studies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 131, s. 45-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although rebound effects are well-known as a phenomenon, the question of how to avoid and minimize rebound effects have largely been ignored in practical policy. In this study, five concrete cases of measures and policies in the transport sector illustrate primary effects, rebound effects and possible strategies to avoid or minimize rebound effects. The cases were explored and analyzed in a series of workshops involving in total 15 researchers and societal actors. In addition to the net impact of primary and rebound effects, factors such as the time horizon and the reversibility of the effect may also be important for the evaluation of measures and policies. To detect and avoid rebound effects - and to assess the effectiveness of a policy - a system perspective is needed rather than a narrow sector focus. When designing measures, broad system-wide strategies or specific measures addressing particularly emission-intensive activities tend to be most effective for avoiding rebound.
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27.
  • Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984- (författare)
  • Consideration of life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for improved road infrastructure planning
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Global warming is one of the biggest challenges of our society. The road transport sector is responsible for a big share of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which are considered to be the dominant cause of global warming. Although most of those emissions are associated with traffic operation, road infrastructure should not be ignored, as it involves high consumption of energy and materials during a long lifetime.The aim of my research was to contribute to improved road infrastructure planning by developing methods and models to include a life cycle perspective. In order to reach the aim, GHG emissions and energy use at different life cycle stages of road infrastructure were assessed in three case studies using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These case studies were also used for development of methodology for LCA of road infrastructure. I have also investigated the coupling of LCA with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the possibility to integrate LCA into Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).The results of the first case study indicated that operation of the tunnel (mainly, lighting and ventilation) has the largest contribution in terms of energy use and GHG emissions throughout its life cycle. The second case study identified the main hotspots and compared two methods for asphalt recycling and asphalt reuse. The results of the third case study indicated that due to the dominant contribution of traffic to the total impact of the road transport system, the difference in road length plays a major role in choice of road alternatives during early planning of road infrastructure. However, infrastructure should not be neglected, especially in the case of similar lengths of road alternatives, for roads with low volumes of traffic or when they include bridges or tunnels.This thesis contributed in terms of foreground and background data collection for further LCA studies of road infrastructure. Preliminary Bill of Quantities (BOQ) was identified and used as a source for site-specific data collection. A new approach was developed and tested for using geological data in a GIS environment as a data source on earthworks for LCA. Moreover, this thesis demonstrated three possible ways for integrating LCA in early stages of road infrastructure planning.
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28.
  • Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions during the Life Cycle Stages of a Road Tunnel : the Swedish Case Norra Länken
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - : Delft University of Technology. - 1567-7133 .- 1567-7141. ; 12:1, s. 39-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Inclusion of Life Cycle Assessment during the planning of transport infrastructure is rarely used in practice, but is becoming a widely discussed issue nowadays. This study sought to improve understanding of the life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of transport infrastructure, using the example of a road tunnel. Two levels of analysis were used: 1) detailed data inventory for the construction of rock tunnels; and 2) screening assessment for the life cycle phases of the whole tunnel infrastructure (including its main parts: concrete and rock tunnels). The first level of analysis showed that production of materials (i.e. concrete and asphalt) made the largest contribution to Cumulative Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential. The second level of analysis indicated that concrete tunnels had much higher Cumulative Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential per lane-metre than rock tunnels. Moreover, the operational phase of the tunnel was found to have the highest share of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions throughout the tunnel’s life cycle.
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29.
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30.
  • Orellana Coca Åkerman, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Biolubricant synthesis using immobilised lipase: Process optimisation of trimethylolpropane oleate production
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3298 .- 1359-5113. ; 46:12, s. 2225-2231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Synthetic esters based on polyols and fatty acids possess suitable technical and ecological properties for applications as biolubricants, and can replace the mineral oil based lubricants in several applications. In this work, the synthesis of trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters with oleic acid using immobilised lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym (R) 435) has been studied. TMP-trioleate has suitable properties for use as hydraulic fluids, especially at extreme temperatures. The effect of different reaction parameters on the reaction efficiency has been evaluated. The study showed that the formation of the triester product was facilitated at high temperature and biocatalyst concentration, as well as stoichiometric amounts of oleic acid and TMP. The product with the highest triester content exhibited the lowest pour point (-42 degrees C). The stability of the biocatalyst was however limited at high temperature and polyol concentration. Loss of activity during recycling of the biocatalyst at 70 degrees C was reduced to some extent by washing it with 2-propanol prior to subsequent run. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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31.
  • Papakokkinou, Eleni, et al. (författare)
  • Excess Morbidity Persists in Patients With Cushing’s Disease During Long-term Remission : A Swedish Nationwide Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - Washington : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:8, s. 2616-2624
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Whether multisystem morbidity in Cushing's disease (CD) remains elevated during long-term remission is still undetermined.Objective: To investigate comorbidities in patients with CD.Design, setting, and patients: A retrospective, nationwide study of patients with CD identified in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1987 and 2013. Individual medical records were reviewed to verify diagnosis and remission status.Main outcomes: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the Swedish general population as reference. Comorbidities were investigated during three different time periods: (i) during the 3 years before diagnosis, (ii) from diagnosis to 1 year after remission, and (iii) during long-term remission.Results: We included 502 patients with confirmed CD, of whom 419 were in remission for a median of 10 (interquartile range 4 to 21) years. SIRs (95% CI) for myocardial infarction (4.4; 1.2 to 11.4), fractures (4.9; 2.7 to 8.3), and deep vein thrombosis (13.8; 3.8 to 35.3) were increased during the 3-year period before diagnosis. From diagnosis until 1 year after remission, SIRs (95% CI were increased for thromboembolism (18.3; 7.9 to 36.0), stroke (4.9; 1.3 to 12.5), and sepsis (13.6; 3.7 to 34.8). SIRs for thromboembolism (4.9; 2.6 to 8.4), stroke (3.1; 1.8 to 4.9), and sepsis (6.0; 3.1 to 10.6) remained increased during long-term remission.Conclusion: Patients with CD have an increased incidence of stroke, thromboembolism, and sepsis even after remission, emphasizing the importance of early identification and management of risk factors for these comorbidities during long-term follow-up.
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32.
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33.
  • Ragnarsson, Oskar, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • The incidence of Cushing’s disease : a nationwide Swedish study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Pituitary. - : Springer. - 1386-341X .- 1573-7403. ; 22:2, s. 179-186
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Studies on the incidence of Cushing’s disease (CD) are few and usually limited by a small number of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the annual incidence in a nationwide cohort of patients with presumed CD in Sweden.Methods: Patients registered with a diagnostic code for Cushing’s syndrome (CS) or CD, between 1987 and 2013 were identified in the Swedish National Patient Registry. The CD diagnosis was validated by reviewing clinical, biochemical, imaging, and histopathological data.Results: Of 1317 patients identified, 534 (41%) had confirmed CD. One-hundred-and-fifty-six (12%) patients had other forms of CS, 41 (3%) had probable but unconfirmed CD, and 334 (25%) had diagnoses unrelated to CS. The mean (95% confidence interval) annual incidence between 1987 and 2013 of confirmed CD was 1.6 (1.4–1.8) cases per million. 1987–1995, 1996–2004, and 2005–2013, the mean annual incidence was 1.5 (1.1–1.8), 1.4 (1.0–1.7) and 2.0 (1.7–2.3) cases per million, respectively. During the last time period the incidence was higher than during the first and second time periods (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of CD in Sweden (1.6 cases per million) is in agreement with most previous reports. A higher incidence between 2005 and 2013 compared to 1987–2004 was noticed. Whether this reflects a truly increased incidence of the disease, or simply an increased awareness, earlier recognition, and earlier diagnosis can, however, not be answered. This study also illustrates the importance of validation of the diagnosis of CD in epidemiological research.
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34.
  • Sævik, Åse Bjorvatn, et al. (författare)
  • Residual Corticosteroid Production in Autoimmune Addison Disease
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - Washington : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:7, s. 2430-2441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Contrary to current dogma, growing evidence suggests that some patients with autoimmune Addison disease (AAD) produce corticosteroids even years after diagnosis.Objective: To determine frequencies and clinical features of residual corticosteroid production in patients with AAD.Design: Two-staged, cross-sectional clinical study in 17 centers (Norway, Sweden, and Germany). Residual glucocorticoid (GC) production was defined as quantifiable serum cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol and residual mineralocorticoid (MC) production as quantifiable serum aldosterone and corticosterone after > 18 hours of medication fasting. Corticosteroids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clinical variables included frequency of adrenal crises and quality of life. Peak cortisol response was evaluated by a standard 250 µg cosyntropin test.Results: Fifty-eight (30.2%) of 192 patients had residual GC production, more common in men (n = 33; P < 0.002) and in shorter disease duration (median 6 [0-44] vs 13 [0-53] years; P < 0.001). Residual MC production was found in 26 (13.5%) patients and associated with shorter disease duration (median 5.5 [0.5-26.0] vs 13 [0-53] years; P < 0.004), lower fludrocortisone replacement dosage (median 0.075 [0.050-0.120] vs 0.100 [0.028-0.300] mg; P < 0.005), and higher plasma renin concentration (median 179 [22-915] vs 47.5 [0.6-658.0] mU/L; P < 0.001). There was no significant association between residual production and frequency of adrenal crises or quality of life. None had a normal cosyntropin response, but peak cortisol strongly correlated with unstimulated cortisol (r = 0.989; P < 0.001) and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; r = -0.487; P < 0.001).Conclusion: In established AAD, one-third of the patients still produce GCs even decades after diagnosis. Residual production is more common in men and in patients with shorter disease duration but is not associated with adrenal crises or quality of life.
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35.
  • Sharma, Sonia, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of facial pain and headache in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 35:2, s. 139-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: To compare the prevalence of facial pain and headache across various regions in Sweden.METHODS: This study involved a comparison of cross-sectional questionnaire studies over a period of 10 years including 128,193 individuals and assessed facial pain, pain on function, and headache. Participants included (1) all Public Dental Service patients aged 16 to 90 years in Västerbotten (n = 57,283) and Gävleborg (n = 60,900); and (2) random samples of residents in Kalmar (n = 3,560) and Skåne (n = 6,450). Facial pain and pain on function were assessed for all participants, and headache was also assessed for participants in Kalmar and Skåne. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate unadjusted prevalence estimates and demographic characteristics. Prevalence estimates were adjusted for age and sex using weighted distributions from the 2015 data in the Swedish population registry before comparisons across the regions.RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of facial pain and headache were significantly higher in female than in male participants (P < .01). The standardized prevalence of facial pain was 4.9% in Västerbotten, 1.4% in Gävleborg, 4.6% in Kalmar, and 7.6% in Skåne. For headache, the standardized prevalence was 18.9% in Kalmar and 21.3% in Skåne. In Skåne, individuals with facial pain had a 15-fold higher odds of headache than those without.CONCLUSION: In the present Swedish epidemiologic study, the prevalence of facial pain ranged from 1.4% in Gävleborg to 7.6% in Skåne. Besides different sampling frames and other population characteristics, the presence of a high number of immigrants in Skåne may account for some differences in pain prevalence across the Swedish regions.
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36.
  • Smedby, Karin Ekström, et al. (författare)
  • Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by subtype
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 98:1, s. 51-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Some autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Because different NHL subtypes develop at different stages of lymphocyte differentiation, associations of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders with specific NHL subtypes could lead to a better understanding of lymphomagenic mechanisms. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study in Denmark and Sweden, 3055 NHL patients and 3187 matched control subjects were asked about their history of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, markers of severity, and treatment. Logistic regression with adjustment for study matching factors was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NHL overall and for NHL subtypes. RESULTS: Risks of all NHL were increased in association with rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.9), primary Sjögren syndrome (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.4 to 27), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.0 to 22), and celiac disease (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 4.8). All of these conditions were also associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and some were associated with marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, or T-cell lymphoma. Ever use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroids, and selected immunosuppressants was associated with risk of NHL in rheumatoid arthritis patients but not in subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. Also, multivariable adjustment for treatment had little impact on risk estimates. Psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory bowel disorders were not associated with increased risk of NHL overall or of any NHL subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the associations between certain autoimmune disorders and risk of NHL and suggest that the associations may not be general but rather mediated through specific NHL subtypes. These NHL subtypes develop during postantigen exposure stages of lymphocyte differentiation, consistent with a role of antigenic drive in autoimmunity-related lymphomagenesis.
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37.
  • Yin, Yuli, et al. (författare)
  • Tunable permalloy-based films for magnonic devices
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 92:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using both broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we study the magnetodynamic properties of permalloy (Py, Ni80Fe20) and Py100-x M-x films with M as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), or silver (Ag). From the uniform FMR mode, we extract the saturation magnetization (M-S), damping (alpha), and inhomogeneous broadening (Delta H-0); from the first perpendicular standing spin-wave (PSSW) mode, we extract the exchange stiffness (A). M-S and A are found to decrease with increasing alloying, most strongly for Au and less so for Pt. On the other hand, alpha increases rapidly with both Pt and Au content, while being virtually independent of Ag content. The physical origins of the observed trends in alpha, M-S, and A are analyzed and explained using density functional theory calculations in the coherent potential approximation. The calculated trends quantitatively agree with the experimental observations. The drastically different impacts of Pt, Au, and Ag on the various fundamental magnetodynamic properties will allow for significant design freedom, where different properties can be varied independently of others through careful combinations of the Pt, Au, and Ag contents of Py100-x M-x films. By empirical approximations of each property's concentration dependence, we can dial in any desired combination of magnetodynamic properties within this parameter space. As a proof-of-principle demonstration we design a set of Py100-x-yPtxAgy films, where the saturation magnetization stays constant throughout the set and the damping can be tuned by a factor of 4.
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38.
  • Åkerman, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Mentalization-based Interventions on Mental Health of Youths in Foster Care
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Child Care in Practice. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1357-5279 .- 1476-489X. ; 28:4, s. 536-549
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Knowledge about the development of mental health in young people in foster care is limited. This naturalistic study examined the effects of a relational and mentalization-focused treatment in foster families in Sweden on the placed young people’s mental health. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) was used to measure change in psychiatric symptoms. Self-ratings showed significant improvements and medium to strong effects after 24 months in both boys and girls. No significant changes were found in the foster parents’ ratings or in the school staff’s ratings. Foster parents’ ratings suggested that girls’ behavioral problems decreased, but not the boys’. Based on these findings, we want to emphasize the importance of evaluating treatment effects using self-ratings by the young people in addition to parents’ and parent substitutes’ ratings.
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39.
  • Åkerman, Anna-Karin E., 1969- (författare)
  • Relationally focused specialized foster care : Relational experiences and changes in mental health and adaptive functioning
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Foster care is a relatively common arrangement when parents are unable to meet the needs of their children. Specialized foster care is sometimes applied in cases when problems are more serious and complex. More knowledge is needed about the effects of such specialized foster care.Aims: To explore trajectories of change associated with specialized foster care in a treatment model with a relational and mentalization-based orientation, and to develop the understanding of foster children’s and their foster parents’ experiences of their relationship living in a treatment foster family.Methods: Children and young people between the ages of 5 and 20 years who received treatment within a specialized foster care model, Treatment By Foster care (TBF), participated in this study. Longitudinal data collected in a naturalistic setting were analyzed quantitatively. In Studies 1 and 2, the number of participants at baseline varied for different instruments between 76 – 105. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) was used to measure how psychiatric symptoms change from the perspectives of the foster children, the foster parents, and teachers. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – second edition (ABAS-II) was used to measure adaptive functioning from the foster parents’ perspective. Self-ratings by the children and young people of their emotional and social problems were measured with the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (BYI). Data about experiences of the relationship between child and foster parent were collected through repeated individual short interviews/speeches with both children and their foster parents according to Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) (n = 14). Interviews/speeches were analyzed using Thematic Analysis (TA).Results: The ratings of foster parents and foster children differed. The analyses showed a significant reduction in psychiatric symptoms, emotional and social problems according to the self-ratings by the children and young people. According to foster parents and teachers, psychiatric symptoms did not decrease. The baseline ratings of adaptive functioning by foster parents showed that adaptive functioning was considerably below peers from the Swedish non-clinical norm group. Adaptive functioning did improve but not enough to approach or catch up with peers.Analysis of the interviews/speeches generated three main themes containing seven subthemes. Main themes were: No 'real' family, A co-created relationship, and Time. Participants related to a norm for what a 'real' family is and seemed to presuppose that the biological family is the 'real' family. A co-created relationship related to No 'real' family as an answer or a solution. The challenges in the foster family constellation could be overcome by a mutual ambition to build a relationship and by liking each other. Time appeared as a common theme and both as an opportunity and a threat to the relationship. Despite the fact that no interview question concerned the duration of the relationship, the participants described their relationship based on how long they had known each other.Conclusions: According to the foster children’s and young people’s self-ratings, their mental health improved, and their social problems decreased. It is likely that the TBF-model contributed to this improved psychological well-being, although causal relationships could not be established without any comparison group. However, the model did not seem to contribute to the foster parents experiencing improvement in the foster children’s psychological well-being or adaptive functioning.Based on the results of this thesis, it may be effective to place children and young people in specialized foster care with a relational and mentalization-oriented focus, but the results are not clear-cut. Practice and policies should take greater account of the time aspect in foster care, and work with the aim of increasing clarity and security, and thereby enabling a more stable upbringing for some of society’s most vulnerable children. Also, this may make foster parents want to continue their mission.More studies are needed to gain knowledge about how specialized foster care should be applied. Future studies also need to focus on creating knowledge about which aspects of the treatment are decisive.
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40.
  • Åkerman, Anna-Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma-Metanephrines in Patients with Autoimmune Addison's Disease with and without Residual Adrenocortical Function
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Residual adrenocortical function, RAF, has recently been demonstrated in one-third of patients with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD). Here, we set out to explore any influence of RAF on the levels of plasma metanephrines and any changes following stimulation with cosyntropin.METHODS: We included 50 patients with verified RAF and 20 patients without RAF who served as controls upon cosyntropin stimulation testing. The patients had abstained from glucocorticoid and fludrocortisone replacement > 18 and 24 h, respectively, prior to morning blood sampling. The samples were obtained before and 30 and 60 min after cosyntropin stimulation and analyzed for serum cortisol, plasma metanephrine (MN), and normetanephrine (NMN) by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass pectrometry (LC-MS/MS).RESULTS: Among the 70 patients with AAD, MN was detectable in 33%, 25%, and 26% at baseline, 30 min, and 60 min after cosyntropin stimulation, respectively. Patients with RAF were more likely to have detectable MN at baseline (p = 0.035) and at the time of 60 min (p = 0.048) compared to patients without RAF. There was a positive correlation between detectable MN and the level of cortisol at all time points (p = 0.02, p = 0.04, p < 0.001). No difference was noted for NMN levels, which remained within the normal reference ranges.CONCLUSION: Even very small amounts of endogenous cortisol production affect MN levels in patients with AAD.
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41.
  • Åkerman, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Oligarchies and Development in a Global Economy : A Tale of Two Elites
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Economic Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 0095-2583 .- 1465-7295. ; 54:1, s. 229-246
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper studies how comparative advantage and the political elites' endowments shape long-run performance in economies with imperfect political institutions. The trade regime interacts with industrial policy and regulations on capital mobility in governing capital accumulation. In a capital-scarce economy, capitalist oligarchs striving for import substitution industrialization (ISI) initially shelter the economy from trade, while promoting industrial policies that promote total factor productivity growth in the manufacturing sector. This gradually shifts the comparative advantage toward manufacturing and renders the economy attractive to foreign investors. Allowing for trade and foreign capital inflows are thus complementary policies that spur growth in the capital oligarchy. By contrast, landed oligarchs in a capital-scarce economy favor openness to trade at an early stage of development, neglect industrial policies, and block foreign capital to maximize extractable rents. The policy mix causes the economy to stagnate. Consistent with the experiences of South Korea and Argentina in the postwar era, the model predicts that the success of ISI policies depends crucially on the conditions governing the incentives for capital accumulation. (JEL F10, F20, P40, P50, O10, O24)
  •  
42.
  • Åkerman, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • The global arms trade network 1950-2007
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of comparative economics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-5967 .- 1095-7227. ; 42:3, s. 535-551
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using SIPRI data on all international transfers of major conventional weapons 1950-2007, we study the relationship between differences in polity and arms trade. To study whether states tend to trade arms within their political vicinity we estimate gravity models of the likelihood of trade at the bilateral level and study the evolution of the global network over time. We find a stable negative relationship between differences in polity and the likelihood of arms trade for the duration of the Cold War, but not in recent years. In line with these results, the global arms trade network changes drastically over the sample period in several respects: it grows more dense, clustered and decentralized over time. The differences between the NATO and Warsaw Pact sub-networks that we find corroborate the common perception that the Warsaw Pact was more strongly centralized around the USSR than NATO around the UK, the US and France. 
  •  
43.
  • Åkerman, Anna, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • What changes during specialized foster care? : A study on adaptive functioning and emotional and social problems
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 28:2, s. 405-416
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Various models of specialized foster care have been developed, but research on them is limited. This longitudinal, exploratory study analysed data on adaptive functioning, emotional and social problems and self-concept in a specialized foster care service in Sweden. The focus of the study was on the development of the children and young people in placement. The Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-II) was used to measure adaptive functioning, and the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (BYI) was used to measure self-rated emotional and social problems and self-concept. Self-ratings showed significant improvements in disruptive behaviour, anger, anxiety and depression. Adaptive functioning as rated by foster parents improved but not enough to catch up with the non-clinical norm group. The average adaptive functioning among the participants at baseline was considerably below the Swedish norm group. Similar to the results of a previous study of the same treatment model, children and young people rated improvement while their foster parents did not do so to the same extent. Possible explanations for this are discussed in the paper. The study is limited by the lack of a control group and by data attrition.
  •  
44.
  • Åkerman, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Exposure of hairdressers to ortho- and meta-toluidine in hair dyes.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 72:1, s. 57-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carcinogenic aromatic amines derived from hair dyes have recently received new attention. One of these is ortho (o)-toluidine, which is classified as carcinogenic to humans.
  •  
45.
  • Åkerman, Jonas, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • DN debatt: Beskatta flyget som bilen för att nå klimatmålen
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Dagens nyheter.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Klimatpåverkan från svenskarnas flygresande är nu lika stor som påverkan från allt bilresande i Sverige. Men flygsektorn betalar i dag avsevärt mindre än om den skulle beskattas som vägsektorn. Vi föreslår därför ett paket med klimatdeklaration, passagerarskatt och biobränsleavdrag, skriver tre miljöforskare.
  •  
46.
  • Åkerman, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Forskare: Så ser vi på alternativen till flygskatt
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - : Dagens samhälle. - 1652-6511.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Sverige och andra länder behöver driva på för att etablera starka internationella styrmedel för att få ner utsläppen från flyget. Detta kommer dock att ta många år. Med tanke på den snabba ökningen av utsläpp krävs därför också temporära styrmedel om Parismålen ska kunna nås.
  •  
47.
  • Åkerman, Jonas, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Styrmedel för att begränsa det globala flygets klimatpåverkan – ett svenskt perspektiv. Uppdaterad och korrigerad version 200702
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den globala, kommersiella luftfartens koldioxidutsläpp beräknas 2018 ha uppgått till drygt 900 miljoner ton. Det motsvarar ca 2,5 procent av de globala, energirelaterade koldioxidutsläppen, som i sin tur beräknas svara för 75-80 procent av den av mänskliga aktiviteter orsakade förstärkningen av växthuseffekten. Inkluderas även s.k. höghöjdseffekter, som orsakas av flygtrafik på höjder över cirka 8 000 meter, ökar andelen väsentligt. Beträffande inrikesflyg har alla länder, åtminstone på pappret, stora möjligheter att genom egna beslut påverka flygets klimatpåverkan med hjälp av t.ex. bränsleskatter. Även klimateffekter från internationellt flyg kan i viss mån påverkas med nationella åtgärder, t.ex. passagerarskatter eller krav om biobränsleinblandning. Förutsättningarna för effektiva, nationella åtgärder avgörs dock i hög grad av det internationella regelverket. Den främsta möjligheten för Sverige att bidra till att den internationella luftfartens klimatpåverkan begränsas är att påverka EUs agerande. Reglerna för EUs utsläppshandeln är avgörande, liksom reglerna för beskattning av flygbränsle. För att Sverige ska kunna påverka det globala regelverket är ett samlat agerande med övriga EU centralt. Klimatpåverkan från det internationella flyget berörs inte i Paris-avtalet, utan hanteras istället inom ICAO, FNs luftfartsorgan. ICAO bildades för att främja den civila luftfarten, vilket kan ha bidragit till att organisationen har varit sen och långsam när det gällt att ta sig an klimatproblemen. 2016 beslöts dock att etablera CORSIA, ett system för utsläppskompensation som ska börja fungera 2021. Målet med CORSIA är inte primärt att minska utsläppen från flyget. Istället är syftet att skapa en mekanism för flygbolagen att kompensera för den ökning av utsläppen från internationell flygtrafik jämfört med 2019/2020 som förväntas. I besluten om CORSIA sägs att de deltagande länderna inte får tillämpa andra, parallella ekonomiska styrmedel. EU-länderna har trots detta förklarat att flyget även fortsättningsvis ska omfattas av utsläppshandel, samtidigt som man försäkrat att den internationella flygtrafiken till och från EU-länderna ska inkluderas i CORSIA fr.o.m. 2021. Hur detta ska fungera, och om flygindustrin och resten av världen kommer att acceptera agerandet, är oklart. Inom EU och enskilda medlemsstater pågår parallellt en diskussion om att beskatta flygbränsle för såväl inrikes- som internationell trafik, en åtgärd som sannolikt kan komma att ifrågasättas av resten av världen, bl.a. med hänvisning till CORSIA. Samtidigt kan livskraften hos CORSIA ifrågasättas. Stora länder som Kina, Indien, Ryssland och Brasilien har distanserat sig från systemet, och väntas delta tidigast från 2027. Hur allvarlig en kollaps för CORSIA skulle vara från klimatsynpunkt kan diskuteras – de incitament för att begränsa utsläppen som systemet ger är svaga samtidigt som svårigheterna att hitta kompensationsåtgärder som är effektiva och trovärdigt additionella är uppenbara och väl kända. Mot denna bakgrund identifieras följande handlingsalternativ för den svenska klimatpolitiken inom luftfartsområdet. (Förslagen baserade på läget vid årsskiftet 2019/2020.) 1. Reformering av EUs utsläppshandel a. Höjning av den linjära reduktionsfaktorn (=begränsa den ytterligare utgivningen av utsläppsrätter) b. Minskad gratistilldelning av utsläppsrätter c. Incitament för minskade höghöjdseffekter 2. EUs utsläppshandel är viktigare än CORSIA a. Verka för att flygtrafik inom EES inte ska omfattas av CORSIA b. Hålla öppet för att utvidga utsläppshandeln till ”full scope” (=allt flyg till/från flygplatser inom EES) c. Bjuda in länder utanför EES att delta i en utsläppshandel för flyget 3. Reformering av EU-regler kring beskattningen av flyget a. Slopande av förbudet mot beskattning av flygbränsle – EU-gemensam minimiskatt på flygbränsle b. Verka för att momsfrågan löses 4. Nationella styrmedel a. Passagerarskatt b. Differentiering av landningsavgifterna c. Samarbete kring beskattning av flygbränsle med andra intresserade länder inom ECAA (EES + Balkanländerna) d. Reduktionsplikt även för flyget. Utred möjligheterna att på sikt koncentrera den fysiska inblandningen av biodrivmedel till flyg med destination utanför EES.
  •  
48.
  • Åkerman, Jonas, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Svenska handlingsalternativ för att minska flygets klimatpåverkan
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Svenskars flygresande stod år 2014 för en ungefär lika stor klimatpåverkan som allt bilresande i Sverige. I denna rapport analyserar vi existerande och möjliga styrmedel som skulle kunna bidra till att den svenska flygsektorn (inrikes och utrikes) utvecklas på ett sätt som bidrar till målet att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen till väl under två grader.Sedan 2012 omfattas koldioxidutsläpp från flygresor inom EU av EUs system för handel med utsläppsrätter. Flygresor där start eller landning ligger utanför EU ingår dock inte i detta system. Utöver att flyget orsakar koldioxidutsläpp finns en så kallad höghöjdseffekt som står för ungefär hälften av flygets totala klimatpåverkan och den omfattas inte av EUs system för handel med utsläppsrätter. Sammantaget innebär detta att ungefär en tredjedel av utsläppen från svenskars flygresande inkluderas i handeln med utsläppsrätter.FNs organ för flygfrågor, ICAO, beslutade i oktober 2016 att från 2020 introducera ett globalt system för klimatkompensation. Beslutet innebär att ökningen av flygets koldioxidutsläpp efter 2020 ska klimatkompenseras, det vill säga syftet är att frysa flygets utsläpp på 2020 års nivå. Med tanke på att varken höghöjdseffekten eller inrikes flygresor ingår i överenskommelsen, skulle den innebära att flygets globala utsläpp av växthusgaser efter 2020 fortsätter att öka, om än i en långsammare takt.Det teoretiskt mest optimala vore att använda kraftfulla globalt täckande styrmedel. Historien har emellertid visat att detta är mycket svårt att få till stånd. Därav uppstår ett behov av vad som skulle kunna kallas ”temporära styrmedel” fram till dess att beslut kan fattas om globala verkningsfulla styrmedel. I den här rapporten har vi analyserat möjliga sådana styrmedel för flyget som Sverige kan införa och jämför med vilka styrmedel som idag gäller för vägsektorn.För vägtrafiken gäller EU-krav som innebär att 10 procent av bränslena ska vara förnybara år 2020. Något liknande mål finns inte för flygsektorn. När det gäller priset på koldioxidutsläpp skiljer sig sektorerna också kraftigt åt. En bilist i Sverige betalar idag 1,12 kronor per kg koldioxid. Det pris som flygsektorn betalar inom ramen för EUs system för handel med utsläppsrätter motsvarade i november 2016 en tjugondel av denna nivå. En tredje skillnad är att vid inköp av personbilar och bränsle till dessa betalas 25 procent i moms, medan momsen är 6 procent på inrikes buss-, tåg- och flygresor och 0 procent på utrikes buss-, tåg- och flygresor. Samtidigt är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till att vissa avgifter kopplade till flygplatserna är högre än de borde vara utifrån det marginalkostnadsansvar som riksdag och regering beslutat om. När vi väger samman dessa faktorer kan det konstateras att flygsektorn idag betalar avsevärt mindre än vad som skulle vara fallet om den beskattades enligt samma principer som vägsektorn.För att fylla de luckor vi identifierat för flygsektorn i förhållande till vägsektorn skulle ett paket av styrmedel behövas. En del skulle kunna vara att besluta om en obligatorisk klimatdeklaration vid annonsering av flygresor, på samma sätt som gällt för bilannonser under lång tid. På så sätt kan resenärerna på ett enkelt sätt få bättre möjligheter att väga in klimataspekter vid val av resa. Som en kompensation för att flygsektorn är undantagen från koldioxidskatt och har låg moms skulle en passagerarskatt – liknande den som Storbritannien haft sedan 1994 – kunna användas för att dämpa den snabba ökningen av flygresandet. För att stimulera en ökad användning av biobränslen skulle ett ”biobränsleavdrag” kunna införas i form av att flygbolagen får göra avdrag från passagerarskatten för det biobränsle som används. Ett sådant ”biobränsleavdrag” liknar det som idag finns i vägsektorn, där man för biobränslen får dra av merparten av energi- och koldioxidskatten.
  •  
49.
  • Åkerman, Sigvard, et al. (författare)
  • Munhålan
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Kliniska färdigheter. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144075914 ; , s. 131-145
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
50.
  •  
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