| 1. |
- Dalin, Frida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and immunological characteristics of Autoimmune Addison's disease : a nationwide Swedish multicenter study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:2, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Studies on clinical and immunological features of Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) are needed to understand the disease burden and increased mortality.OBJECTIVE: To provide upgraded data on autoimmune comorbidities, replacement therapy, autoantibody profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross sectional, population-based study. 660 AAD patients were included utilizing the Swedish Addison Registry (SAR) 2008-2014. When analyzing cardiovascular risk factors, 3,594 individuals from the population-based survey in Northern Sweden, MONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease), served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. Autoantibodies against 13 autoantigens were determined.RESULTS: Sixty percent of the SAR cohort consisted of females. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher for females than for males (36.8 vs. 31.1 years). The proportion of 21-hydroxylase autoantibody positive patients was 83% and 62% of patients had one or more associated autoimmune diseases, more frequently coexisting in females (p<0.0001). AAD patients had lower BMI (p<0.0001) and prevalence of hypertension (p=0.027) compared with controls. Conventional hydrocortisone tablets were used by 89% of patients; with the mean dose 28.1±8.5 mg/day. The mean hydrocortisone equivalent dose normalized to body surface was 14.8±4.4 mg/m(2)/day. Higher hydrocortisone equivalent dose was associated with higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.046).CONCLUSIONS: Careful monitoring of AAD patients is warranted to detect associated autoimmune diseases. Contemporary Swedish AAD patients do not have increased prevalence of overweight, hypertension, T2DM or hyperlipidemia. However, high glucocorticoid replacement doses may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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| 2. |
- Isaksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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High-fiber rye diet increases ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients compared with low-fiber wheat diet independent of meal frequency in ileostomy subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla : Co-Action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 57, s. 18519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whole-grain foods and cereal dietary fiber intake is associated with lower body weight. This may partly result from lower energy utilization of high-fiber diets. Objective: In the present study, the impact on ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients in response to a rye bread high-fiber diet compared to a refined wheat low-fiber diet was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of meal frequency on apparent absorption of nutrients was studied for the first time. Design: Ten participants that had undergone ileostomy consumed standardized iso-caloric diets, including low-fiber wheat bread (20 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks followed by high-fiber rye bread (52 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks. The diets were consumed in an ordinary (three meals per day) and a nibbling (seven meals per day) meal frequency in a cross-over design. Ileal effluents were collected during 24 h at the third day of each of the four dietary periods and analyzed for gross energy and nutrient contents. Results: The results showed that intake of rye bread high-fiber diet compared to the refined wheat low-fiber diet caused an increase in ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients. The effect was independent of meal frequency. This suggests that a high intake of rye may result in lower availability of macronutrients for small intestinal digestion and absorption. A regular intake of rye may therefore have implications for weight management.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Alkylresorcinols in wheat and rye flour and bread
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1575 .- 1096-0481. ; 23, s. 794-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The alkylresorcinol (AR) content and relative homologue composition were determined in Norwegian flours and bread. The following average values for total AR content (mu g/g dm) were found: wholegrain wheat flour available only to bakers (490) and to both consumers and bakers (710), refined wheat flour (36), wheat bran (3625), wholegrain spelt wheat flour (650), refined spelt wheat flour (80), wholegrain rye flour (972), refined rye flour (90) and rye bran (2753). The C17:0/C21:0 ratio was 0.1 for wheat and 0.8-0.9 for rye, confirming that it can be used to distinguish between wheat and rye. The AR content of Norwegian refined wheat flour was higher than that of Swedish, due to a consistently higher milling extraction rate in Norway. The content of AR varied from 27 to 2766 mu g/g dm in hard bread and 21 to 548 mu g/g dm in soft bread. The highest contents were found in bread with a high proportion of wholegrain flour and/or bran, in agreement with earlier studies. There was a good correlation (r = 0.91) and a high compliance between calculated and analysed AR levels in soft bread, confirming that AR can be used as a biomarker for wholegrain wheat and/or rye content in a cereal product. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Down-Regulation of the CSLF6 Gene Results in Decreased (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-Glucan in Endosperm of Wheat
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 152, s. 1209-1218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1,3; 1,4)-beta-D-Glucan (beta-glucan) accounts for 20% of the total cell walls in the starchy endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is an important source of dietary fiber for human nutrition with potential health benefits. Bioinformatic and array analyses of gene expression profiles in developing caryopses identified the CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE F6 (CSLF6) gene as encoding a putative beta-glucan synthase. RNA interference constructs were therefore designed to down-regulate CSLF6 gene expression and expressed in transgenic wheat under the control of a starchy endosperm-specific HMW subunit gene promoter. Analysis of wholemeal flours using an enzyme-based kit and by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography after digestion with lichenase showed decreases in total beta-glucan of between 30% and 52% and between 36% and 53%, respectively, in five transgenic lines compared to three control lines. The content of water-extractable beta-glucan was also reduced by about 50% in the transgenic lines, and the M-r distribution of the fraction was decreased from an average of 79 to 85 X 10(4) g/mol in the controls and 36 to 57 x 10(4) g/mol in the transgenics. Immunolocalization of beta-glucan in semithin sections of mature and developing grains confirmed that the impact of the transgene was confined to the starchy endosperm with little or no effect on the aleurone or outer layers of the grain. The results confirm that the CSLF6 gene of wheat encodes a b-glucan synthase and indicate that transgenic manipulation can be used to enhance the health benefits of wheat products.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Environment and Variety on Alkylresorcinols in Wheat in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 58, s. 9299-9305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids found in high amounts in whole grain wheat and rye, can be used as biomarkers for these cereals. The content (on a dry matter basis) and homologue composition of AR were determined in 26 wheat varieties grown in Hungary in 2005-2007, as well as in the United Kingdom, France, and Poland in 2007. There was a significant effect of year, location, and variety on both total AR and individual AR homologue content (p < 0.001). A warm and dry climate generally resulted in higher AR contents, whereas high precipitation especially during plant development and grain-filling resulted in lower contents. There was a significant negative correlation between AR content and thousand-kernel weight (p < 0.001), which may be explained by the warm and dry climate giving smaller kernels with higher AR content. The difference between varieties was generally consistent, with highest and lowest AR contents for the same varieties during different years and at different locations (p < 0.001). Total AR content was correlated with the relative proportions of the different homologues, with a relatively lower concentration of homologues C17:0 and C19:0 and a lower C17:0/C12:0 ratio at higher overall contents. The results show that AR content is a highly heritable phytochemical component but that it is also affected by the environment.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Variation in Grain Composition of Wheat and Related Cereals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61, s. 8295-8303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. Detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the EU FP6 HEALTHGRAIN program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 2326 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. Principal component analysis allowed the 150 bread wheat lines to be classified on the basis of differences in their contents of bioactive components and wheat species (bread, durum, spelt, emmer, and einkorn wheats) to be clearly separated from related cereals (barley, rye, and oats). Such multivariate analyses could be used to define substantial equivalence when novel (including transgenic) cereals are considered.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Oförändrad insulinkänslighet och lipidperoxidation efter ökat intag av fullkornsprodukter hos friska män och kvinnor.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Livsmedelsforskardagarna.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Flertalet epidemilogiska studier har visat positiva hälsoeffekter av ett högt intag av fullkornsprodukter. Framförallt är en minska risk för hjärtinfarkt/sjukdom visad, och datatalar även för en minskad risk för typ 2 diabetes. Mekanismerna bakom fullkornets positiva effekter är dock fortfarande oklara. Såväl en förbättrad insulinkänslighet som en minskad förekomst av lipidperoxidation och inflammation har föreslagits, vilket vi därför önskade undersöka i denna studie.I en randomiserad cross-over design deltog 30 lätt överviktiga (BMI 282) kvinnor (n=22) och män (n=8). Under två på varandra följande 6 veckors perioder fick deltagarna antingen cerealieprodukter med fullkorn eller utan fullkorn. En standardiserad mängd (3 skivor mjukt bröd, 2 skivor hårt bröd, 1 portion musli/gryn och 1 portion pasta/ris) inkluderades dagligen i deras vanliga kost. Perifer insulinkänslighet mättes med euglykemisk hyperinsulinemisk clampteknik. Lipidperoxidationsmarkören 8-iso-PGF2 mättes i urin och inflammationsmarkörerna CRP och IL-6 mättes i plasma. Kostinterventionen monitorerades med hjälp av vägda kostregisteringar och dagboksnoteringar.Kostregistreringarna bekräftade ett högre intag av fiber och flertalet mineralämnen under fullkornsperioden jämfört med icke-fullkornsperioden. Vi fann dock ingen förbättring av insulinkänsligheten och inte heller någon förändring av lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer.Att ersätta icke-fullkorns produkter med fullkorn under en 6 veckors period hos vuxna lätt överviktiga friska män och kvinnor gav således ingen mätbar effekt på vare sig insulinkänslighet, lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer. Frågan om vilka mekanismerna som ligger bakom de positiva hälsoeffekterna av fullkornsprodukter kvarstår och längre koststudier på deltagare med varierande metaboltstatus behövs.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Recent findings on certain bioactive components in whole grain wheat and rye
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 59, s. 294-311
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole grain wheat and rye are important sources of many bioactive compounds and contribute significantly to the total intake of cereals in many countries. Alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, lignans, phenolic acids, phytosterols and tocols are common bioactive compounds present in these cereals. In this review, we report recent findings (mainly from 2010 onwards) regarding their content, composition, effects of food processing and their uptake, elimination and bioactivities with implications for health.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between the Contents of Bioactive Components in Grain and the Release Dates of Wheat Lines in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 59, s. 928-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU FP6 HEALTHGRAIN has generated an extensive database on the contents of phytochemicals (alkylresorcinols, tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates) and dietary fiber components in the grain of wheat, including analyses of 150 lines grown on a single site in Hungary in 2005 and a smaller set of lines grown under five (three lines) or six (23 lines) different environments (in Hungary in 2005, 2006, and 2007 and in France, Poland, and the United Kingdom in 2007). The lines analyzed included land races and varieties bred between the mid-19th and early 21st centuries. These results have been analyzed to determine whether the contents of these groups of bioactive components in the grain have decreased with the development of intensive plant breeding in the second part of the 20th century. No decreases in the contents of any groups of bioactive components were observed in relation to release date, showing that selection for increased yield and protein quality has been effectively neutral for other grain components.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of grain fructan content to degree of polymerisation in different barleys
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2157-944X .- 2157-9458. ; 5, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fructans are important in the survival of plants and also valuable for humans as potentially health promoting food ingredients. In this study fructan content and composition were determined in grains of 20 barley breeding lines and cultivars with a wide variation in chemical composition, morphology and country of origin, grown at one site in Chile. There was significant genotypic variation in grain fructan content ranging from 0.9% to 4.2% of grain dry weight. Fructan degree of polymerisation (DP) was analysed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Changes in the distribution of different chain lengths and the pattern of structures of fructan were detected with increasing amount of fructan in the different barleys. A positive correlation was found between fructan content and the relative amount of long chain fructan (DP > 9) (r = 0.54, p = 0.021). Our results provide a basis for selecting promising barley lines and cultivars for further research on fructan in barley breeding with the aim to produce healthy food products.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Rye dietary fibre
- 2014
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Ingår i: Rye and health. - 9781891127816 ; , s. 23-47
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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The HEALTHGRAIN Wheat Diversity Screen: Effects of Genotype and Environment on Phytochemicals and Dietary Fiber Components
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 58, s. 9291-9298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the contents of bioactive components (tocols, sterols, alkylresorcinols, folates, phenolic acids, and fiber components) in 26 wheat cultivars grown in six site x year combinations showed that the extent of variation due to variety and environment differed significantly between components. The total contents of tocols, sterols, and arabinoxylan fiber were highly heritable and hence an appropriate target for plant breeding. However, significant correlations between the contents of bioactive components and environmental factors (precipitation and temperature) during grain development also occurred, with even highly heritable components differing in amount between grain samples grown in different years on different sites.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain foods do not affect insulin sensitivity or markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation in healthy, moderately overweight subjects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 137:6, s. 1401-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intakes of whole grain foods are inversely related to the incidence of coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet rich in whole grains compared with a diet containing the same amount of refined grains on insulin sensitivity and markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation. In a randomized crossover study, 22 women and 8 men (BMI 28 +/- 2) were given either whole-grain or refined-grain products (3 bread slices, 2 crisp bread slices, 1 portion muesli, and 1 portion pasta) to include in their habitual daily diet for two 6-wk periods. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp tests. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso PGF(2alpha)), an F(2)-isoprostane, was measured in the urine as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein and IL-6 were analyzed in plasma as markers of inflammation. Peripheral insulin sensitivity [mg glucose . kg body wt(-1) . min(-1) per unit plasma insulin (mU/L) x 100] did not improve when subjects consumed whole-grain products (6.8 +/- 3.0 at baseline and 6.5 +/- 2.7 after 6 wk) or refined products (6.4 +/- 2.9 and 6.9 +/- 3.2, respectively) and there were no differences between the 2 periods. Whole-grain consumption also did not affect 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) in urine, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in plasma, blood pressure, or serum lipid concentrations. In conclusion, substitution of whole grains (mainly based on milled wheat) for refined-grain products in the habitual daily diet of healthy moderately overweight adults for 6-wk did not affect insulin sensitivity or markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Ökat intag av fullkornsprodukter. Effekter på insulinkänslighet, lipidperoxidation och inflammationsmarkörer?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Svenska Läkarsällskapets Riksstämma.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Bakgrund: Flertalet epidemiologiska studier har visat positiva hälsoeffekter av ett högt intag av fullkornsprodukter. Framförallt är en minskad risk för hjärtinfarkt/sjukdom visad, men data talar även för en minskad risk för typ 2 diabetes. Mekanismerna bakom fullkornets positiva effekter är dock fortfarande oklara. Såväl en förbättrad insulinkänslighet som en minskad förekomst av lipidperoxidation och inflammation har föreslagits, vilket vi önskade undersöka i denna studie.Metod: I en randomiserad cross-over design deltog 30 lätt överviktiga (BMI 282) kvinnor (n=22) och män (n=8). Under två på varandra följande 6-veckors perioder fick deltagarna antingen cerealieprodukter med fullkorn eller utan fullkorn. En standardiserad mängd (3 skivor mjukt bröd, 2 skivor hårt bröd, 1 portion musli/gryn och 1 portion pasta/ris) inkluderades dagligen i deras vanliga kost. Perifer insulinkänslighet mättes med euglykemisk hyperinsulinemisk clampteknik. Lipidperoxidationsmarkören 8-iso-PGF2 mättes i urin och inflammationsmarkörerna CRP och IL-6 mättes i plasma. Kostinterventionen monitorerades med hjälp av vägda kostregisteringar och dagboksnoteringar.Resultat: Kostregistreringarna bekräftade ett högre intag av fiber och flertalet mineralämnen under fullkornsperioden jämfört med icke-fullkornsperioden. Vi fann dock ingen förbättring av insulinkänsligheten och inte heller någon förändring av lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer.Sammanfattning: Att ersätta icke-fullkorns produkter med fullkorn under en 6-veckors period hos vuxna lätt överviktiga friska män och kvinnor gav ingen mätbar effekt på insulinkänslighet, lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer. Frågan om vilka mekanismerna som ligger bakom de positiva hälsoeffekterna av fullkornsprodukter kvarstår och längre koststudier på deltagare med varierande metaboltstatus behövs.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Design as change - from teleology to guided evolution?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th DMI: AcademicDesign Management Conference. - Boston, USA : Design Management Institute. - 9780615991528 ; , s. 1948-1971
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is connected to change. Whether we start from Herbert Simons often cited ’the transformation of existing conditions into preferred ones’ (1996, p.111), or design as linked to innovation, design is a future oriented, change inducing activity. But how is design thinking (in a wide sense) different from traditional managerial thinking in terms of change? This paper explores and identifies change perspectives in design literature, very selectively represented by ‘classic views’, design thinking, and C-K theory. By using Van de Ven and Poole’s (1995) four ‘basic types of process theories that explain how and why change unfolds’; Life Cycle, Dialectics, Teleology, and Evolution, and Pettigrew’s (1987) distinction between process and content of change, we find that design processes are commonly described as similar to an evolutionary process with gradual development (divergence), combined with some characteristics of teleology (convergence), that together constitute the motor(s) of the process. By using Heskett’s (2002) distinction between ‘utility’ and ‘significance’ it is possible to further dissect design processes. Processes aiming for ‘utility’ eventually must converge into a solution, but is it necessarily the same for processes by which ‘significance’ is designed, created and maintained? Further, the uncontrollability and emergence aspects of evolutionary processes are interesting challenges from a managerial viewpoint. A generative way to frame design processes may be to see them as guided evolutionary processes (Lovas and Ghoshal, 2000). ‘Guided’ maintains manageability, while ‘evolutionary’ provides essential variety.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Design as Change - From Teleology to Guided Evolution?
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Design is connected to change. Whether we start from Herbert Simon’s often cited “the transformation of existing conditions into preferred ones” (1996 p.111) or design as linked to innovation (Brown 2008, Verganti 2006) or even Heskett’s (2002) ‘betterment of the human condition’, design is a future oriented (Buchanan 2001), change inducing activity. But how is design thinking (in a wide sense) different from traditional managerial thinking in terms of the concept of change? What of the process(es) by which the existing conditions are transformed into the preferred ones, i.e. how may the change process be conceptualized in design? How does the general concern of change in the design community relate to the advances in strategic and organizational change theories? Our aim is to begin an exploration of how design may be conceptualized in relation to change.We do this by using two out of Pettigrew’s (1987) three related aspects of change: ‘process’, how something changes, and ‘content’, i.e. what is changed, to frame design as change (the third is ‘context’, the why of change). We make an attempt to explore and identify change perspectives, explicit or implicit, in design by using Van de Ven and Poole’s (1995) synthetic model of four “basic types of process theories” (p. 511): teleology, evolution, life cycle, and dialectic, all driven by different generative mechanisms or ‘motors of change’. Van de Ven & Poole’s ideal process types do though not handle the content aspect. To capture design content, we therefore use Heskett’s (2002) division of the designed artifacts’ function into two concepts, ‘utility’ and ‘significance’.Design processes are normally described as either of a teleological kind, i.e. driven by a goal set at the beginning of the process, or as similar to an evolutionary process. Some elements of the evolutionary model are frequent in descriptions of design processes, e.g. iterativity, prototyping and gradual development. However, the uncontrollability and slowness of evolution are less salient. A better way to frame design processes as evolutionary may therefore be to see them as guided (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000), i.e. driven not only by random mutation and competition but also by intent.By using Heskett’s distinction between utility and significance it is possible to further dissect the design process/design processes. Processes aiming for ‘utility’ eventually must converge into a solution, but is it necessarily the same when it regards the process by which ‘significance’ is designed, created and maintained? By analytically separating (c.f. Archer 1995) the by definition integrative design process, we argue that discussing design as process and content expands previous views of design as change.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge integration of and by industrial design
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jan Carlzon, the Scandinavian airline SAS’ CEO during the successful eighties, tells a little story in his recently written comment to the 2008 Swedish re-issue of his 1985 book “Moments of Truth” [Swedish title: “Riv pyramiderna!” (2008)]. Carlzon describes how NOKIA’s CEO in the early 2000’s had told him that they worked like dogs to fill their mobile phones with values people were willing to pay for in order to keep the margins required. A short time later the telecom company Ericsson had its annual shareholder meeting and during the meeting a young girl asked: “Why does not Ericsson make phones that people want?” The chairman ignored the question – according to Carlzon the only relevant question asked – and instead he talked about lowering costs.Was there something that Ericsson had not understood at the time? Their phones’ technical functionality was good so why did not people want them? Roughly ten years later we would like to, somewhat simplified, say that Ericsson had not quite understood the need for beauty in their sophisticated high-tech products. They managed to integrate everything apart from a sense of beauty, i.e. the aesthetic and symbolic aspect that made the young girl and others prefer other brands. Even if Ericson had been aware, had they able to integrate beauty and knowledge about “beauty aspects” in their products? No doubt had Ericsson been able to integrate a number of more or less related, complementary technological knowledge bases, but can knowledge about aesthetic and symbolic aspects, what we call “beauty”, be dealt with in the same way?The contemporary need for depth of knowledge leads to increasing specialization and subsequently companies’ need for increasingly sophisticated means for integration of knowledge has increased. This is reflected in the field of knowledge integration (KI) which empirically has explored integration of knowledge bases from a rather technical, rationalistic perspective, and outputs of KI processes have in earlier research been framed in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and innovation (Tell, 2011). This is a limitation it shares with strategic management research (Dalpiaz et al 2010). However, we argue that the complexity in today’s products and services may extend beyond what the KI field have hitherto acknowledged.A future development of the KI field could be to explore the user perspective on, and role in, the value creation and appropriation system, and to include the aesthetic and symbolic nature of products and services. This paper aims to contribute to the KI field, by exploring some consequences of extending the scope of knowledge integration to include integration of and by Industrial design.Industrial design is a practice and a field of knowledge that spans the divide between rationalistic problem-solving and the seeming irrationality of the aesthetic and the socio-cultural (Verganti 2003). Industrial design is interesting in this context both for its content, i.e. as a field of knowledge to be integrated, and because of its process view that may be seen as an approach on how to integrate. This paper thus aims to discuss integration of and by design in order to broaden the dominating technological empirical scope of KI. We will relate integration of and by design to previous understandings of KI as a way to explore the hierarchy of capabilities (Grant 1996a).The coming section gives a very brief introduction to KI and its relative neglect of the increasingly important knowledge about what makes people want and desire things apart from their technical functionality or use value. Then follows a section on Design and especially Industrial design where we use Grant’s (1996a) characteristics of KI to discuss how industrial design can contribute to competitive advantage from a KI view. The following section “Integration of and by design” somewhat artificially separates the content of industrial design as a field of knowledge from the view that industrial design may be a leading function pushing the envelope of technological knowledge, and thus a way of integration knowledge(s). Finally there is a discussion summarizing our arguments and findings and proposing how to go on.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Cell-wall polysaccharides: Structural, chemical, and analytical aspects
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Carbohydrates in Food. - : CRC Press. - 9781482245431 ; , s. 147-192
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information about the composition and organization of plant cell walls is fundamental for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell-wall polysaccharides that are of technological and nutritional importance. In this chapter, some aspects of the plant cell wall are presented, as well as important procedures for the extraction, purication, and structural elucidation of cellwall polysaccharides. Major polysaccharide structures in cereals, fruits, and vegetables are also presented, but hydrocolloids, especially from legumes and algae, are discussed in Chapter 6 of this book. In the nal section of this chapter, various analytical methods for plant carbohydrates and dietary ber are presented and discussed.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Content and Molecular-Weight Distribution of Dietary Fiber Components in Whole-Grain Rye Flour and Bread
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 57, s. 2004-2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Content of dietary fiber and dietary fiber components in whole-grain rye (n = 18) were analyzed. The average total content, when fructan was included, was for dietary fiber 19.9% (range of 18.7-22.2%) and for extractable dietary fiber 7.4% (range of 6.9-7.9%). Arabinoxylan was the main dietary fiber component, with an average total content of 8.6%, followed by fructan (4.1%). During baking of whole-grain rye bread, only small changes in total content of arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan, and beta-glucan occurred, while the content of resistant starch increased and the content of fructan decreased in a baking-method-dependent manner. The molecular-weight distribution of extractable arabinoxylan in the flour was analyzed with a new method and ranged from 4 x 10(4) to 9 X 10(6) g/mol, with a weight average molecular weight of about 2 x 10(6) g/mol. During crisp bread making, only a limited degradation of arabinoxylan molecular weight was detected, while a notable degradation was observed in sour-dough bread. The molecular weight of extractable beta-glucan in the whole-grain rye flour ranged from 10(4) to 5 x 10(6) g/mol, with a weight average molecular weight of 0.97 x 10(6) g/mol. During bread making, the molecular weight of the beta-glucan was substantially degraded.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bengtsson, Marie, 1977-
(författare)
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The Art of Replicating
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fokus för den här avhandlingen är företag som växer genom replikering, det vill säga genom att skapa och driva liknande enheter på många olika platser, så som t.ex. McDonald’s och Starbucks. Replikerande företags livscykel beskrivs normalt i termer av en initial utforskande fas, följt av en exploateringsfas där standardisering är en hörnsten i företagets strategi - vad som därefter följer är emellertid oklart. Varsamt åldrande innebär dock vanligtvis att man måste anta de utmaningar som följer i kölvattnet av stabilitet och förändring.Modeindustrin kan beskrivas som oberäknelig och föränderlig, och har varit så i århundraden. Konkurrensen är stenhård och efterfrågan är svår att förutse då mode och trender hela tiden förändras. Med tanke på det beroende av standadisering som finns i replikerande företag kan man fråga sig hur ett företag i modebranschen kan hantera en replikeringsstrategi. Den trade-off som finns mellan fördelarna av standardisering och fördelarna av lärande och anpassning ställs på sin spets i ett sådant företag.Renässansen stora konstnärer mötte en liknande utmaning om än i lite annan form. Baserat på kollektivt arbete skapade renässansens verkstäder såväl replikor som nya verk i mästarens namn. För verkstaden betydde det att de skulle replikera mästarens stil till den grad att enskilda bidrag från lärlingar inte gick att skilja från mästarens eget arbete. Nya lärlingar var tvungna att lära sig att “emulera” mästarens stil och fungerar som en förlängning av hans hand och öga.Den här avhandlingen tar därför avstamp i konstens värld, mer specifikt i Renässansen, för att utforska hur ett konstinspirerat förhållningssätt kan öka vår förståelse av replikeringsprocesser i erfarna företag som är verksamma i starkt föränderliga branscher och vars strategi bygger på replikering. Det empiriska underlaget för avhandlingen är en djupgående fallstudie av den svenska modekedjan Hennes & Mauritz, och bygger på deltagande observation såväl i etablerade butiker som under öppningen av nya.
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| 28. |
- Bertoft, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Building block organisation of clusters in amylopectin from different structural types
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 50, s. 1212-1223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clusters of chains consisting of tightly branched units of building blocks were isolated from 10 amylopectin samples possessing the 4 types of amylopectin with different internal unit chain profiles previously described. It was shown that clusters in types 1 and 2 amylopectins are larger than in types 3 and 4, but the average cluster size did not correspond to the ratio of short to long chains of the amylopectins. The size-distribution of the building blocks, having one or several branches, possessed generally only small differences between samples. However, the length of the interblock segments followed the type of amylopectin structure, so that type 1 amylopectins had shortest and type 4 the longest segments. The chains in the clusters were divided into characteristic groups probably being involved in the interconnection of two, three, and four - or more - building blocks. Long chains were typically found in high amounts in clusters from type 4 amylopectins, however, all cluster samples contained long chains. The results are discussed in terms of the building block structure of amylopectin, in which the blocks together with the interblock segments participate in a branched backbone building up the amorphous lamellae inside growth rings of the starch granules. In such a model, amylopectins with proportionally less long chains (types 1 and 2) possess a more extensively branched backbone compared to those with more long chains (types 3 and 4). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Björck, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Tveksam vinst med ekolantbruk
- 2009
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; -
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Fioretos, Thoas, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical impact of breakpoint position within M-bcr in chronic myeloid leukemia
- 1993
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - 1476-5551. ; 7:8, s. 1225-1231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analyzed the M-bcr breakpoint position in 133 Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients and correlated the findings with clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic data. We also investigated the splicing pattern of the BCR-ABL mRNA in 30 patients, using reverse transcriptase PCR. No statistically significant differences were found between breakpoint position within M-bcr and clinical parameters at diagnosis, the karyotypic evolution pattern, or the leukemic phenotype during blast crisis. Furthermore, the breakpoint position within M-bcr did not correlate with the duration of chronic phase or survival time. When the splicing pattern of the BCR-ABL mRNA was compared with the results of the genomic breakpoint mapping, it was found that approximately 60% (8/14) of the patients with a 5' break expressed b2a2 fusion mRNA, whereas all patients (10/10) with a 3' break expressed b3a2 BCR-ABL mRNA.
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| 35. |
- Forsberg, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of whole grain rye crisp bread for breakfast on appetite and energy intake in a subsequent meal: two randomised controlled trails with different amounts of test foods and breakfast energy content
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 13, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fibre-rich rye products have been shown to have superior effects on self-reported appetite compared to white wheat bread and some studies have shown lower energy intake after subsequent meal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of whole grain rye crisp bread (RB) versus refined wheat bread (WB) on appetite in two studies using different portion sizes and total energy intakes.Methods: Two randomised cross-over pre-load studies were conducted in 20 and 21 subjects, respectively. Appetite was rated by visual analogue scale (VAS) for 4 h. In both studies, participants were 39 +/- 14 years old and had BMI 23 +/- 3. The studies differed in terms of energy content of the breakfasts and proportion of energy from the treatment product as well as amount of test products. Differences between treatments within the two studies were evaluated using mixed models with repeated measures appropriate for cross-over designs.Results: In Study one, hunger and desire to eat were significantly lower (P < 0.05) after RB compared with WB, but there were no difference for fullness or difference in energy intake at lunch served ad libitum. In Study two, the portion size was lower than in Study one and the test product constituted a larger proportion of the breakfast. Fullness was significantly higher after RB compared with WB (P < 0.05) and hunger, desire to eat as well as energy intake at lunch were significantly lower (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Whole grain rye crisp bread caused lower self-reported hunger, higher fullness and less desire to eat compared to refined wheat bread. It also led to a lower energy intake after an ad libitum lunch. Results were stronger and/or more consistent when the test meal portion was smaller and accounted for a larger proportion of the total energy intake of the breakfast.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Sven Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Breeding for public health : A strategy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 80, s. 131-140
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Plant and animal breeding can contribute to promote human health by providing new and healthier food products that farmers can produce in an economically viable way and consumers will choose to buy and eat. However, this can only be achieved if breeding makes full use of knowledge about nutrition, consumer behaviour, farming and agricultural economics, A strategy is needed for breeding for public health. Scope and Approach: A multidisciplinary group of researchers has developed a strategy for plant and animal breeding for public health. The group includes experts in plant breeding, animal breeding, food science, nutrition science, clinical nutrition, agricultural economics, consumer research, and ethics. Key Findings and Conclusions: An outline is proposed of a strategy for breeding for public health. It aims at improving public health in both low- and high-income countries. To prevent chronic disease, the highest priority should be to develop healthy variants of traditional food items that can be introduced universally, i.e. completely replace the older, less healthy variants. In particular in low-income countries, food products with enhanced micronutrient content are urgently needed. In all countries, crops with improved fatty acid composition can contribute substantially to improved public health. A reasonable second priority is products that may not be suitable for universal introduction but will expectedly be demanded by large groups of consumers. One example could be diminishing the energy density of traditional foodstuffs by reducing their fat, sugar, and starch content and increasing their dietary fibre content, Changes in the current organization of the market for farm products are needed to encourage the production of healthier foodstuffs.
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| 38. |
- Haraldsson, Ann-Katrin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Digestion of barley malt porridges in a gastrointestinal model: Iron dialysability, iron uptake by Caco-2 cells and degradation of beta-glucan
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9963 .- 0733-5210. ; 42:2, s. 243-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron availability and degradation of (1 → 3,1 → 4)-β-D-glucan (β-glucan) in three whole grain porridges made from two optimised barley malts and unprocessed barley were studied in a dynamic gastrointestinal model. The malting processes, with steeping at 15 or 48°C with lactic acid (LA), enabled a complete reduction of phytate by subsequent soaking of ground malt, still with well preserved β-glucan. Iron dialysability and iron uptake by Caco-2 cells were higher in phytate reduced porridges, compared to the reference porridge. During simulated digestion, the extractability of β-glucan increased and the Calcofluor average molecular weight decreased for all porridges, indicating a gradual degradation during passage through the model. The degradation rate, however, appeared lower in porridge prepared from malted barley steeped at 48°C with LA. The gastrointestinal model ranked iron availability according to human absorption data and showed high repeatability when evaluating changes in β-glucan. The results indicate the potential for using high temperature steeping with LA to yield improved iron availability combined with reduced degradation of β-glucan in the small intestine, maintaining the beneficial properties of barley. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Isaksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of rye bread breakfasts on subjective hunger and satiety: a randomized controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies report that dietary fibre from different sources promotes the feeling of satiety and suppresses hunger. However, results for cereal fibre from rye are essentially lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate subjective appetite during 8 h after intake of iso-caloric rye bread breakfasts varying in rye dietary fibre composition and content.Methods: The study was divided into two parts. The first part (n = 16) compared the satiating effect of iso-caloric bread breakfasts including different milling fractions of rye (bran, intermediate fraction (B4) and sifted flour). The second part (n = 16) investigated the dose-response effect of rye bran and intermediate rye fraction, each providing 5 or 8 g of dietary fibre per iso-caloric bread breakfast. Both study parts used a wheat bread breakfast as reference and a randomised, within-subject comparison design. Appetite (hunger, satiety and desire to eat) was rated regularly from just before breakfast at 08: 00 until 16:00. Amount, type and timing of food and drink intake were standardised during the study period.Results: The Milling fractions study showed that each of the rye breakfasts resulted in a suppressed appetite during the time period before lunch (08:3012:00) compared with the wheat reference bread breakfast. At a comparison between the rye bread breakfasts the one with rye bran induced the strongest effect on satiety. In the afternoon the effect from all three rye bread breakfasts could still be seen as a decreased hunger and desire to eat compared to the wheat reference bread breakfast.In the Dose-response study both levels of rye bran and the lower level of intermediate rye fraction resulted in an increased satiety before lunch compared with the wheat reference bread breakfast. Neither the variation in composition between the milling fractions nor the different doses resulted in significant differences in any of the appetite ratings when compared with one another.Conclusion: The results show that rye bread can be used to decrease hunger feelings both before and after lunch when included in a breakfast meal. Rye bran induces a stronger effect on satiety than the other two rye fractions used when served in iso-caloric portions.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Isaksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Whole grain rye breakfast : Sustained satiety during three weeks of regular consumption
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 105:3, s. 877-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole grain rye products have previously been shown to increase feelings of satiety for up to 8h after intake under standardized conditions. This study was set out to investigate the sustainability of the satiating effect after regular consumption of breakfast meals with whole grain rye porridge or refined wheat bread. The study was randomized, cross-over and double-blind. Healthy subjects (n=24) were randomly assigned to daily consumption of iso-caloric standardized breakfast meals with whole grain rye porridge or refined wheat bread for two 3-wk phases, separated by a wash out of 3-4weeks. Each intervention phase had 3 scheduled visit days (days 1, 8 and 22) when appetite ratings (hunger, satiety and desire to eat) were registered for 24h at standardized conditions. Orocecal transit time (salicylazosulfapyridine/sulfapyridine method) and breath hydrogen as an indicator of colonic fermentation were measured at day 8 of each 3-wk phase in a subgroup (n=16). To investigate effects of breakfast on free-living food intake, 3-day weighed food diaries were self-registered during both intervention phases. Whole grain rye porridge breakfast resulted in higher ratings of satiety and lower hunger and desire to eat during 4h post consumption compared to refined wheat bread breakfast (p<0.001). This effect was sustained throughout the 3-wk study phases. Unlike previous studies, the effects did not persist into the afternoon (4-8h). The orocecal transit times after consumption of both breakfasts were similar and in the range of 5-6h. The rye porridge resulted in high levels of breath hydrogen 4-8h after intake, showing extensive colonic fermentation. This was however not related to any changes in appetite during this time-period. There were no significant differences in self-reported macronutrient- and energy intake between diets. This study shows that the satiating effect of rye persists after repeated daily consumption for up to three weeks.
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| 43. |
- Jansson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of alkylresorcinols, potential whole grain biomarkers, in human adipose tissue
- 2010
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 104:5, s. 633-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkylresorcinols (AR) in plasma samples have been suggested to be short- to medium-term biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake. In the present study, we investigated whether AR are present in human adipose tissues, and if content correlated with long-term whole grain bread intake. Furthermore, we investigated if the relative AR homologue composition reflected what has been found previously in the habitual diet of Swedes. Biopsy samples (10-25 mg) from free-living Swedish women (n 20) were analysed by GC-MS. The mean total AR concentration in the samples was 0.54 (SD 0.35) microg/g, ranging from below limit of quantification ( < 0.08 microg/g) to 1.50 microg/g. Whole grain bread intake was significantly correlated with plasma total AR content (r 0.48, P < 0.05), and the C17 : 0/C21 : 0 ratio was 0.35 (sd 0.24), which is similar to what is found in plasma among free-living subjects consuming a mixed whole grain wheat and rye diet. These results suggest that AR in the adipose tissue should be evaluated as a long-term biomarker of whole grain wheat and rye intake.
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| 44. |
- Jin, Y. K., et al.
(författare)
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A Dual-Promoter Gene Orchestrates the Sucrose-Coordinated Synthesis of Starch and Fructan in Barley
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Plant. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-2052 .- 1752-9867. ; 10:12, s. 1556-1570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequential carbohydrate synthesis is important for plant survival because it guarantees energy supplies for growth and development during plant ontogeny and reproduction. Starch and fructan are two important carbohydrates in many flowering plants and in human diets. Understanding this coordinated starch and fructan synthesis and unraveling how plants allocate photosynthates and prioritize different carbohydrate synthesis for survival could lead to improvements to cereals in agriculture for the purposes of greater food security and production quality. Here, we report a system from a single gene in barley employing two alternative promoters, one intronic/exonic, to generate two sequence-overlapping but functionally opposing transcription factors, in sensing sucrose, potentially via sucrose/glucose/fructose/trehalose 6-phosphate signaling. The system employs an autoregulatory mechanism in perceiving a sucrose-controlled trans activity on one promoter and orchestrating the coordinated starch and fructan synthesis by competitive transcription factor binding on the other promoter. As a case in point for the physiological roles of the system, we have demonstrated that this multitasking system can be exploited in breeding barley with tailored amounts of fructan to produce healthy food ingredients. The identification of an intron/exon-spanning promoter in a hosting gene, resulting in proteins with distinct functions, adds to the complexity of plant genomes. ERYSTWYTH, WALES, V123, P453
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Knudsen, Markus Dines, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Reported Whole-Grain Intake and Plasma Alkylresorcinol Concentrations in Combination in Relation to the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
- 2014
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 179:10, s. 1188-1196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have occasionally been used to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the incidence of colorectal cancer, but the results from those studies have been inconsistent. We investigated this association using intakes of whole grains and whole-grain products measured via FFQs and plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, both separately and in combination (Howe's score with ranks). We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort from a research project on Nordic health and whole-grain consumption (HELGA, 1992-1998). Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations alone and Howe's score with ranks were inversely associated with the incidence of distal colon cancer when the highest quartile was compared with the lowest (for alkylresorcinol concentrations, incidence rate ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.92; for Howe's score with ranks, incidence rate ratio = 0.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.86). No association was observed between whole-grain intake and any colorectal cancer (colon, proximal, distal or rectum cancer) when using an FFQ as the measure/exposure variable for whole-grain intake. The results suggest that assessing whole-grain intake using a combination of FFQs and biomarkers slightly increases the precision in estimating the risk of colon or rectal cancer by reducing the impact of misclassification, thereby increasing the statistical power of the study.
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| 48. |
- Koch, Kristine, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of building blocks in amylopectins
- 2012
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 361, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building blocks represent the smallest, branched units found inside clusters of amylopectins. The building blocks from clusters of 10 different amylopectins, representing a wide variety of plants, were isolated and size-fractionated. The unit chain compositions were then analysed. It was found that the number of chains in building blocks increased in proportion to their size similarly in all samples regardless plant source. The smallest blocks (DP 5-9) consisted of 2 chains and the largest blocks (DP >= 45), of which generally only little existed, possessed >= 10 chains. Generally, the degree of branching increased with building block size, but the organisation of chains inside the blocks was unique for each sample. Nevertheless, compared to other plants, amylopectins from cereals (represented by rye, oats, rice and waxy maize) possessing elevated number of the shortest internal B-chains (DP 3-7), tended to have blocks with a lower ratio of A: B-chains, indicative of a preferred Haworth type of structure as opposed to the Staudinger configuration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Kyrø, Cecilie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- 2014
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 111:10, s. 1881-1890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten European countries from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were between 35 and 41nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23nmol/l in those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries, reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.
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| 50. |
- Kyrø, Cecilie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Alkylresorcinols, Biomarkers of Whole-Grain Wheat and Rye Intake, and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 106:1, s. djt352-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few studies have investigated the association between whole-grain intake and colorectal cancer. Because whole-grain intake estimation might be prone to measurement errors, more objective measures (eg, biomarkers) could assist in investigating such associations. Methods The association between alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and colorectal cancer incidence were investigated using prediagnostic plasma samples from colorectal cancer case patients and matched control subjects nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. We included 1372 incident colorectal cancer case patients and 1372 individual matched control subjects and calculated the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for overall and anatomical subsites of colorectal cancer using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Regional differences (Scandinavia, the Mediterranean, Central Europe) were also explored. Results High plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was associated with lower incidence of distal colon cancer; the adjusted incidence rate ratio of distal colon cancer for the highest vs lowest quartile of plasma total alkylresorcinols was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28 to 0.83). An inverse association between plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations and colon cancer was found for Scandinavian participants (IRR per doubling = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98). However, plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations were not associated with overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, or rectal cancer. Plasma alkylresorcinols concentrations were associated with colon and distal colon cancer only in Central Europe and Scandinavia (ie, areas where alkylresorcinol levels were higher). Conclusions High concentrations of plasma alkylresorcinols were associated with a lower incidence of distal colon cancer but not with overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, and rectal cancer.
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