| 1. |
- Nergelius, Joakim, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Europarättsdagarna 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Europarättslig tidskrift. - Stockholm : Europarättslig tidskrift. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; :2, s. 263-266
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bjerketorp, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial 3,6-Disubstituted 4-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones from Serratia plymuthica MF371-2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 80:11, s. 2997-3002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioassay-guided fractionation of culture extracts of Serratia plymuthica strain MF371-2 resulted in the isolation of two new antibacterial compounds with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus LMG 15975 (MRSA). A spectroscopic investigation, in combination with synthesis, enabled the characterization of the compounds as 3-butyryl-4-hydroxy-6-heptyl-5,6-dihydro2H-pyran-2-one (plymuthipyranone A, 1) and 3-butyry1-4-hydroxy-6-nony1-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (plymuthipyranone B, 2). The MIC values for 1 and 2 against S. aureus LMG 15975 were determined to be 1-2 mu g mL(-1) and 0.8 mu g mL(-1), respectively. Compound 2 was found to have potent activity against many strains of S. aureus, including several mupirocin-resistant strains, other species of Staphylococcus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Compound 2 was slightly cytotoxic for human cells, with CC50 values between 4.7 and 40 mu g mL(-1), but the CC50/MIC ratio was >= 10 for many tested combinations of human cells and bacteria, suggesting its possible use as an antibacterial agent. Several analogues were synthesized with different alkyl groups in the 3- and 6-positions (6-13), and their biological properties were evaluated. It was concluded that the activity of the compounds increased with the lengths of the alkyl and acyl substituents.
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| 5. |
- Bjerketorp, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Selective Isolation of Multidrug-Resistant Pedobacter spp., Producers of Novel Antibacterial Peptides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-eight multidrug-resistant bacterial strains closely related or identical to Pedobacter cryoconitis, Pedobacter lusitanus and Pedobacter steynii were isolated from soil samples by selection for multidrug-resistance. Approximately 3-30% of the selected isolates were identified as Pedobacter, whereas isolation without antibiotics did not yield any isolates of this genus. Next generation sequencing data showed Pedobacter to be on 69th place among the bacterial genera (0.32% of bacterial sequences). The Pedobacter isolates produced a wide array of novel compounds when screened by UHPLC-MS/MSMS, and hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in several distinct clusters of compounds produced by specific isolates of Pedobacter, and most of these compounds were found to be peptides. The Pedobacter strain UP508 produced isopedopeptins, whereas another set of strains produced pedopeptins, which both are known cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by Pedobacter sp. Other Pedobacter strains produced analogous peptides with a sequence variation. Further strains of Pedobacter produced additional novel antibacterial cyclic lipopeptides (ca 800 or 1400 Da in size) and/or linear lipopeptides (ca 700-960 Da in size). A 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree for the Pedobacter isolates revealed several distinct clades and subclades of isolates. One of the subclades comprised isolates producing isopedopeptin analogs, but the isopedopeptin producing isolate UP508 was clearly placed on a separate branch. We suggest that the non-ribosomal peptide synthases producing pedopeptins, isopedopeptins, and the analogous peptides, may derive from a common ancestral non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene cluster, which may have been subjected to a mutation leading to changed specificity in one of the modules and then to a modular rearrangement leading to the changed sequence found in the isopedopeptins produced by isolate UP508.
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| 6. |
- Borg, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of a behavioral medicine intervention in physical therapy on secondary psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation : a randomized, controlled trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 2052-1847. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interventions promoting adherence to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) are important to achieve positive physical and psychological outcomes, but knowledge of the added value of behavioral medicine interventions for these measures is limited. The aim of the study was to investigate the added value of a behavioral medicine intervention in physical therapy (BMIP) in routine exCR on psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) versus routine exCR alone (RC). Methods: A total of 170 patients with coronary artery disease (136 men), mean age 62.3 ± 7.9 years, were randomized at a Swedish university hospital to a BMIP plus routine exCR or to RC for four months. The outcome assessments included HRQoL (SF-36, EQ-5D), anxiety and depression (HADS), patient enablement and self-efficacy and was performed at baseline, four and 12 months. Between-group differences were tested with an independent samples t-test and, for comparisons within groups, a paired t-test was used. An intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis were performed. Results: No significant differences in outcomes between the groups were shown between baseline and four months or between four and 12 months. Both groups improved in most SF-36 domains, EQ-VAS and HADS anxiety at the four-month follow-up and sufficient enablement remained at the 12-months follow-up. Conclusion: A BMIP added to routine exCR care had no significant effect on psychological outcomes and HRQoL compared with RC, but significant improvements in several measures were shown in both groups at the four-month follow-up. Since recruited participants showed a better psychological profile than the general coronary artery disease population, further studies on BMIP in exCR, tailored to meet individual needs in broader patient groups, are needed. Trial registration number NCT02895451, 09/09/2016, retrospectively registered.
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| 7. |
- Broberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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In-peptide amino acid racemization via inter-residue oxazoline intermediates during acidic hydrolysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Nature. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 53:3, s. 323-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isopedopeptins are antibiotic cyclic lipodepsipeptides containing the subsequence L-Thr-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid-D-Phe-L-Val/L-3-hydroxyvaline. Acidic hydrolysis of isopedopeptins in D2O showed the D-Phe residues to racemize extensively in peptides with L-3-hydroxyvaline but not in peptides with L-Val. Similarly, one Leu residue in pedopeptins, which are related peptides containing the subsequence Leu-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid-Leu-L-Val/L-3-hydroxyvaline, was found to racemize in peptides with L-3-hydroxyvaline. Model tetrapeptides, L-Ala-L-Phe-L-Val/3-hydroxyvaline-L-Ala, gave the corresponding results, i.e. racemization of L-Phe only when linked to a L-3-hydroxyvaline. We propose the racemization to proceed via an oxazoline intermediate involving Phe/Leu and the L-3-hydroxyvaline residues. The 3-hydroxyvaline residue may form a stable tertiary carbocation by loss of the sidechain hydroxyl group as water after protonation. Elimination of the Phe/Leu H-2 and ring-closure from the carbonyl oxygen onto the carbocation results in the suggested oxazoline intermediate. The reversed reaction leads to either retained or inversed configuration of Phe/Leu. Such racemization during acidic hydrolysis may occur whenever a 3-hydroxyvaline residue or any amino acid that can form a stable carbocation on the C-3, is present in a peptide. The proposed mechanism for racemization was supported by incorporation of O-18 in the 3-hydroxyvaline sidechain when the acidic hydrolysis was performed in H2O/(H2O)-O-18 (1:1). The 2,3-diaminopropanoic residues of isopedopeptins and pedopeptins were also found to racemize during acidic hydrolysis, as previously described. Based on the results, the configuration of the Leu and 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid residues of the pedopeptins were reassigned to be L-Leu and D-Leu, and 2 x L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid.
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Pontus, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Kanon eller inte kanon? En enkätstudie bland samhällskunskapslärare i årskurs 7–9
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; 11:2021:2, s. 20-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study is to investigate whether social studies in compulsory school grades 7–9 can be perceived as having a clear canon regarding subject content, methods, used sources and examination methods. Previous research has suggested that social studies is unclear, vague and that it lacks a subject canon. The results of the present study points in both directions. On the one hand, the study shows that there is a clear core of content around which lower secondary social studies teaching revolves and a common foundation regarding how this content is mainly conveyed and examined. On the other hand, the study shows that there is also great variation between different teachers, variation that can be partly explained by the teachers' preferences. Different teachers seem to have different preferences when it comes to how they teach, what methods and sources they use and how sections are examined. For example, there are significant correlations between how teachers who use group-based methods also use group-based examinations. An important factor for the variation between teachers can be traced to gender. At group level, we see differences regarding male and female teachers based on subject matter, methods, sources and examination methods. In general, there is a common core for most social studies teachers, regardless of gender, but female teachers tend to cover a broader subject content, use a wider array of methods and sources and more varied forms of examination.
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| 9. |
- Crona, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Temozolomide in Patients with Metastatic Bronchial Carcinoids
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 98:2, s. 151-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Metastatic bronchial carcinoids are rare neoplasms, where efforts of medical treatment so far have been disappointing. A previous study from our center indicated that temozolomide might be of value. Materials and Methods: All patients with progressive metastatic bronchial carcinoid treated with tennozolomide as monotherapy at our center between 2004 and 2010 (n = 31) were included in this retrospective study. 14 tumors were classified as typical and 15 as atypical carcinoids, whereas 2 tumors could not be classified. Temozolomide was given on 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Toxicity was evaluable in 28 of 31 patients, and 22 patients were evaluable by RECIST 1.1. Results: There were no complete responses. A partial response was seen in 3 patients (14%), stable disease in 11(52%) and progressive disease in 7 patients (33%). Median progression-free survival was 5.3 months and median overall survival was 23.2 months from the start of temozolomide. Toxcities grade 3-4 were noted in 4 patients, thrombocytopenia (n =3) and leukopenia (n = 1). Conclusion: Temozolomide as monotherapy shows activity in metastatic bronchial carcinoids. Regimens combining tennozolomide with other agents (e.g. capecitabine and/or bevacizumab, everolimus, radiolabeled somatostatin analogues) should be further studied in these patients. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 10. |
- Crona, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment, prognostic markers and survival in thymic neuroendocrine tumours : A study from a single tertiary referral centre
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5002 .- 1872-8332. ; 79:3, s. 289-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymic neuroendocrine tumours (TNETs) are uncommon but malignant neoplasms, usually associated with a poor prognosis. The number of cases reported is limited to a few hundreds and there are few prognostic factors available. All 28 patients (22 male, 6 female; median age 46.5 years) with thymic neuroendocrine tumour, treated at the Department of Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden between 1985 and 2011 were studied. The overall 3, 5 and 10-year survival was 89%, 79% and 41% respectively. Ki67<10% (p=0.018) as well as surgical resection (p=0.001) and macroscopically radical primary surgery (p=0.034) was associated with increased survival. Staging & grading according to Masaoka and ENETS systems did not correlate with survival. However, a modified ENETS grading showed a positive correlation (p=0.015). Median time to progression was 20.5 months with Temozolomide and 18 months with platinum based therapy. Partial responses were noted in three patients (38%) treated with platinum based therapy and in two patients (20%) treated with Temozolomide based therapy. High proliferative rate, measured by Ki67 index, and absence of macroscopically radical primary resection as well as no surgical resection are three negative prognostic factors in patients with TNETs. Temozolomide or Platinum based chemotherapy should be considered as first-line medical therapy in patients with metastatic or non-resectable tumours.
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| 11. |
- Herlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro by the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 are mainly associated with the dioxin-like constituents.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3177 .- 0887-2333. ; 29:5, s. 876-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 alters bone tissue properties. However, the mechanisms responsible for the observed effects have not yet been clarified. This study compared the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers in MC3T3-E1 cells with the corresponding effect of the dioxin reference compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and two PCB congeners belonging to the category of non-dioxin-like PCBs. The aim of the study was to quantify the relative influence of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCB-components on osteoblast differentiation. Expression of marker genes for AhR activity and osteoblast differentiation were analyzed, and relative potency (REP) values were derived from Benchmark concentration-effect curves. Expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were decreased by both Aroclor 1254 and TCDD exposure, while the PCB-congeners PCB19 and PCB52 slightly induced the expression. The relative potency of Aroclor 1254 for inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation marker genes was within the expected range as estimated from the chemical composition of Aroclor 1254. These results are consistent with previously observed bone modulations following in vivo exposure to Aroclor 1254 and TCDD, and demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of Aroclor 1254 on osteoblast differentiation by the dioxin-like constituents are over-riding the contribution of non-dioxin-like PCBs.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Kreutz, Joakim, 1973-
(författare)
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Dismantling the Conflict Trap : Essays on Civil War Resolution and Relapse
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Countries that have experienced civil war suffer a greater risk for new conflict than countries with no prior history of civil war. This empirical finding has been called a conflict trap where the legacy of previous war - unsolved issues, indecisive outcomes, and destruction – leads to renewed fighting. Yet, countries like Cambodia, El Salvador, Indonesia, and Mozambique have managed to overcome decade-long conflicts without relapse. This dissertation addresses this empirical puzzle by seeking to dismantle the conflict trap and look at microlevel explanations for civil war resolution and relapse. It adds to existing scholarship in three ways: first, by using disaggregated empirics on war termination and how fighting resumes; second, by exploring government agency in conflict processes; and third, by disaggregating rebel organizations. Essay I present original data on the start and end dates and means of termination for all armed conflicts, 1946-2005. Contrary to previous work, this data reveal that wars does not always end through victory or peace agreement, but commonly end under unclear circumstances. Essay II addresses how developments exogenous to the conflict influence governments’ decision to engage in a peace process. The results show that after natural disasters when state resources need to be allocated towards disaster relief, governments are more willing to negotiate and conclude ceasefires with insurgents. Essay III focuses on the post-conflict society, and posits that security concerns among former war participants will push them towards remobilizing into rebellion. The findings indicate that if ex-belligerent elite’s security is compromised, the parties of the previous war will resume fighting, while insecurity among former rank-and-file leads to the formation of violent splinter rebel groups. Finally, Essay IV seeks to explain why governments sometimes launch offensives on former rebels in post-conflict countries. The results show that internal power struggles provide leaders with incentives to use force against domestic third parties to strengthen their position against intra-government rivals. Taken together, this dissertation demonstrates that there is analytical leverage to be had by disaggregating the processes of violence in civil war and post-conflict societies, as well as the actors involved – both the government and rebel sides.
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| 14. |
- Lamarca, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced small-bowel well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours : An international survey of practice on 3(rd)-line treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 27:10, s. 976-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Somatostatin analogues are an established first-line therapy for well differentiated small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (Wd-SBNETs), while and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is frequently used as a second-line therapy. Adequate treatment selection of third-line treatment remains challenging due to the limited prospective data currently available on the best therapeutic sequence. AIM To understand current practice and rationale for decision-making by physicians in the 3(rd)-line setting by building an online survey. METHODS Weighted average (WA) of likelihood of usage between responders (1 very unlikely; 4 very likely) was used to reflect the relevance of factors explored. RESULTS Replies from representatives of 28 centers were received (5/8/2020-21/9/2020); medical oncologist (53.6%), gastroenterologist (17.9%); United Kingdom (21.4%), Spain (17.9%), Italy (14.3%). Majority from European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Centres of Excellence (57.1%), who followed ENETS guidelines (82.1%). Generally speaking, 3(rd)-line treatment for Wd-SBNETs was: everolimus (EVE) (66.7%), PRRT (18.5%), liver embolization (LE) (7.4%) and interferon-alpha (IFN) (3.7%); chemotherapy (0%); decision was based on clinical trial data (59.3%), or personal experience (22.2%). EVE was most likely used if Ki-67 < 10% (WA 3.27/4) or age < 70 years (WA 3.23/4), in the 3(rd)-line setting (WA 3.23/4); regardless of presence/absence of carcinoid syndrome (CS), rate of progression or extent of disease. Chemotherapy was mainly utilised only if rapid progression (within 6 mo) (WA 3.35/4), Ki-67 10%-20% (WA 2.77/4), negative somatostatin receptor imaging (WA 2.65/4) or high tumour burden (WA 2.77/4); temozolomide or streptozocin was used with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (57.7%), FOLFOX (5-FU combined with oxaliplatin) (23.1%). LE was selected if presence of CS (WA 3.24/4) or Ki-67 < 10% (WA 2.8/4), after progression to other treatments (WA 2.8/4). IFN was rarely used (WA 1.3/4). CONCLUSION Everolimus was the most frequently used therapeutic option in the third-line setting. The most important factors for decision-making included Ki-67, rate of progression, functionality and tumour burden; since this decision is based on multiple factors, it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary assessment.
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| 15. |
- Levenfors, Jolanta, et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl substituted 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinols from Pseudomonas protegens UP46
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of antibiotics (Tokyo. 1968). - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 0021-8820 .- 1881-1469. ; 73:11, s. 739-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for new antibiotic compounds, fractionation of Pseudomonas protegens UP46 culture extracts afforded several known Pseudomonas compounds, including 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), as well as two new antibacterial alkaloids, 6-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)DAPG (1) and 6-(piperidin-2-yl)DAPG (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to have antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2 and 4 mu g ml(-1), respectively, for 1, and 2 mu g ml(-1) for both pathogens for 2. The MICs for 1 and 2, against all tested Gram-negative bacteria, were >32 mu g ml(-1). The half maximal inhibitory concentrations against HepG2 cells for compounds 1 and 2 were 11 and 18 mu g ml(-1), respectively, which suggested 1 and 2 be too toxic for further evaluation as possible new antibacterial drugs. Stable isotope labelling experiments showed the pyrrolidinyl group of 1 to originate from ornithine and the piperidinyl group of 2 to originate from lysine. The P. protegens acetyl transferase (PpATase) is involved in the biosynthesis of monoacetylphloroglucinol and DAPG. No optical rotation was detected for 1 or 2, and a possible reason for this was investigated by studying if the PpATase may catalyse a stereo-non-specific introduction of the pyrrolidinyl/piperidinyl group in 1 and 2, but unless the PpATase can be subjected to major conformational changes, the enzyme cannot be involved in this reaction. The PpATase is, however, likely to catalyse the formation of 2,4,6-triacetylphloroglucinol from DAPG.
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| 16. |
- Lindberg, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2023
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Ingår i: Undervisningens konst. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144156095 ; , s. 13-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nord, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial Isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Fungus Penicillium Spathulatum Em19
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for new microbial antibacterial secondary metabolites, two new compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from culture broths of Penicillium spathulatum Em19. Structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry identified the compounds as 6,7-dihydroxy-5,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1, spathullin A) and 5,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-6,7-diol (2, spathullin B). The two compounds displayed activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Enterobactercloacae, Klebsiellapneumonia, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, and Staphylococcusaureus. Compound 2 was more potent than 1 against all tested pathogens, with minimal inhibitory concentrations down to 1 mu g/mL (5 mu M) against S. aureus, but 2 was also more cytotoxic than 1 (50% inhibitory concentrations 112 and 11 mu M for compounds 1 and 2, respectively, towards Huh7 cells). Based on stable isotope labelling experiments and a literature comparison, the biosynthesis of 1 was suggested to proceed from cysteine, tyrosine and methionine via a non-ribosomal peptides synthase like enzyme complex, whereas compound 2 was formed spontaneously from 1 by decarboxylation. Compound 1 was also easily oxidized to the 1,2-benzoquinone 3. Due to the instability of compound 1 and the toxicity of 2, the compounds are of low interest as possible future antibacterial drugs.
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| 19. |
- Nord, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Isopedopeptins A-H : Cationic Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides from Pedobacter cryoconitis UP508 Targeting WHO Top-Priority Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Biology. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 15:11, s. 2937-2944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedobacter cryoconitis strain UP508 was isolated from a soil sample using a mixture of ampicillin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid for selection. UP508 was found to produce >30 unknown antibacterial peptides, of which eight, isopedopeptins A-H (1-8), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and characterized with respect to structures and biological properties. Compounds 1-8 were all composed of nine amino acid residues and one 3-hydroxy fatty acid residue, and the structures were ring-closed via an ester bond from the C-terminal aspartic acid to the 3-hydroxy fatty acid. The differences between the peptides were the size and branching of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid and the presence of a valine or a 3-hydroxyvaline residue. The isopedopeptins mainly had activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and isopedopeptin B (2), which had the best combination of antibacterial activity, in vitro cytotoxicity, and hemolytic properties, was selected for further studies against a larger panel of Gram-negative bacteria. Isopedopeptin B was found to have good activity against strains of WHO top-priority Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) down to 1, 2, and 4 mu g/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 had activity against colistin-resistant strains of A. baumannii, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a MIC down to 8, 2, and 4 mu g/mL, respectively. Compound 6 was tested in an E. coli liposome system where it induced significant leakage, indicating membrane disruption as one mechanism involved in isopedopeptin antibacterial activity. Isopedopeptin B stands out as a promising candidate for further studies with the goal to develop a new antibiotic drug.
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| 20. |
- Nord, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Tetramic acid based alkaloids from Aspergillus amoenus Roberg strain UP197-antibiotic properties and new pyranterreones
- 2022
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Ingår i: Natural Product Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-6419 .- 1478-6427. ; 36:4, s. 967-973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungus Aspergillus amoenus Roberg strain UP197 was shown to produce antibacterial tetramic acid based alkaloids. Two new compounds, pyranterreone I and J (1 and 2), were isolated and characterized, in addition to the known compounds cordylactam, 7-hydroxycordylactam, pyranterreone C, D, F and G. Neither the pyranterreones nor the cordylacctams had previously been tested for antimicrobial activity. Thus, all isolated compounds were tested against a panel of clinically important bacteria and fungi. Pyranterreone C was active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1 and 8 mu g/mL, whereas the MICs for all other compounds were >32 mu g/mL. Pyranoterreone C was cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells, and since pyranterreone C reacted rapidly with the nucleophile cysteine, it is likely that the observed antibacterial activity is due to the chemical reactivity rather than enzymatic affinity, making it unsuitable for development as an antibacterial drug.
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| 21. |
- Repits, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 variants with augmented replicative capacity and reduced sensitivity to entry inhibitors during severe immunodeficiency.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 86:10, s. 2859-2869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection CCR5-using (R5) viruses predominate. With disease progression, approximately 50 % of infected individuals develop viruses able to use CXCR4. In the present work, the evolution of the biological properties of HIV-1 was studied in patients who retain viruses with an R5 phenotype despite AIDS onset. A panel of primary R5 HIV-1 isolates sequentially obtained at an asymptomatic stage and after AIDS diagnosis was examined. The viruses were selected based on our previous observation that R5 variants with reduced sensitivity to RANTES inhibition may appear during disease progression. Biological properties of the early and late R5 viruses, including infectivity, replicative capacity, impact of cationic polymer and sensitivity to inhibition by the entry inhibitors T-20 and TAK-779, were evaluated. R5 viruses isolated after AIDS onset displayed elevated replicative capacity and infectivity, and did not benefit from cationic polymer assistance during infection. Late R5 isolates also exhibited reduced sensitivity to inhibition by T-20 and TAK-779, even though the included patients were naïve to treatment with entry inhibitors and the isolates had not acquired mutations within the gp41 HR1 region. In addition, CD4+ T-cell counts at the time of R5 virus isolation correlated with infectivity, replicative capacity and sensitivity to inhibition by entry inhibitors. The results indicate that R5 HIV-1 variants with augmented replicative capacity and reduced sensitivity to entry inhibitors may be selected for during severe immunodeficiency. At a time when the clinical use of entry inhibitors is increasing, this observation could be of importance in the optimal design of such treatments.
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| 22. |
- Silva, Antero Vieira, et al.
(författare)
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A probabilistic approach to evaluate the risk of decreased total triiodothyronine hormone levels following chronic exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via contaminated drinking water
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 128:7, s. 1-11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Extensive exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been observed in many countries. Current deterministic frame-works for risk assessment lack the ability to predict the likelihood of effects and to assess uncertainty. When exposure exceeds tolerable intake levels, these shortcomings hamper risk management and communication. OBJECTIVE: The integrated probabilistic risk assessment (IPRA) combines dose-response and exposure data to estimate the likelihood of adverse effects. We evaluated the usefulness of the IPRA for risk characterization related to decreased levels of total triiodothyronine (T3) in humans following a real case of high exposure to PFAS via drinking water. METHODS: PFAS exposure was defined as serum levels from residents of a contaminated area in Ronneby, Sweden. Median levels were 270 ng=mL [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)] and 229 ng=mL [perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)] for individuals who resided in Ronneby 1 y before the exposure termination. This data was integrated with data from a subchronic toxicity study in monkeys exposed daily to PFOS. Benchmark dose modeling was employed to describe separate dose–effect relationship for males and females, and extrapolation factor distributions were used to estimate the corresponding human benchmark dose. The critical effect level was defined as a 10% decrease in total T3. RESULTS: The median probability of critical exposure, following a combined exposure to PFOS and PFHxS, was estimated to be [2.1% (90% CI: 0:4%–13:1%)]. Gender-based analysis showed that this risk was almost entirely distributed among women, namely [3.9% (90% CI: 0:8%–21:6%)]. DISCUSSION: The IPRA was compared with the traditional deterministic Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach. We conclude that probabilistic risk characterization represents an important step forward in the ability to adequately analyze group-specific health risks. Moreover, quantifying the sour-ces of uncertainty is desirable, as it improves the awareness among stakeholders and will guide future efforts to improve accuracy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6654.
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| 23. |
- Stenberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Quality control and assurance in fabrication of welded structures subjected to fatigue loading
- 2017
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Ingår i: Welding in the World. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-2288 .- 1878-6669. ; 61:5, s. 1003-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current paper presents a comprehensive overview of weld quality control and assurance of welded structures where the major failure prevention is due to fatigue loading. It gives the drawbacks and limitation of quality control systems, international weld quality standards, and guidelines used in today’s weld production. Furthermore, in recent development in quality control and assurance of welded structures, a new online method is presented. The main target is to enable a complete, online evaluation of large quantities of welds in an accurate and repeatable fashion. Information gathered will not only be used for determining the weld quality level with respect to the fatigue strength but also to be evaluated for use in improved process control, in welding power sources, and robot control systems. It is verified that the new online method, a new laser scanning technology, and algorithms can successfully be used as modern tools for automated unbiased geometrical weld quality assurance and implemented in weld production environment.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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Undervisningens konst
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan bilden i konsthistorien användas för att levandegöra undervisningen? Utifrån konst går det att skapa större förståelse för vår samtid, belysa maktstrukturer och normer, visualisera och konkretisera människors tankevärldar i olika tider samt sätta in den enskilda individen i ett historiskt sammanhang.I Undervisningens konst vill författarna lyfta fram bildens didaktiska kraft som ett aktivt och medvetet komplement till olika ämnen, till exempel historia och litteratur. Genom konsthistoriska bilder, illustrationer och en variation av didaktiska upplägg visar de hur bilden kan fördjupa kunskaper samt engagera elever och studenter till ett kritiskt tänkande och engagerat lärande.Boken vänder sig till lärare, lärarutbildare, studenter och andra som är intresserade av bilden och bildningen. Den spänner över förskola, grundskola, gymnasieskola samt högre utbildning.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Öberg, Joakim
(författare)
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Dadaismen – sprungen ur kriget, mot kriget
- 2023
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Ingår i: Undervisningens konst. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144156095 ; , s. 283-304
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Öberg, Joakim
(författare)
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Samhällskunskap från styrdokument till undervisning : Tjugo lärare ramar in vad som påverkar deras praktik
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna samhällskunskapsdidaktiska avhandling är att undersöka vad samhällskunskapslärare själva upplever som de viktigaste påverkansfaktorerna för transformeringen av samhällskunskapsämnet utifrån intentionerna i styrdokumenten (formuleringsarenan) till samhällskunskap som undervisning (realiseringsarenan), samt hur detta upplevs ha förändrats över tid. Det är således vad som händer mellan formuleringsarenan och realiseringsarenan, det vill säga tranformeringsarenan, som är i fokus. Studien bygger på hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk livsvärldsansats där fenomenologisk beskrivning och hermeneutisk tolkning är centralt. Empirin utgörs av intervjuer med tjugo samhällskunskapslärare för grundskolans år 7–9 och gymnasiet; tio med lång yrkeserfarenhet, tio tämligen nyexaminerade.Resultatet tematiseras utifrån inspiration från ramfaktorteoretiskt perspektiv i fyra dimensioner av påverkansfaktorer, vilka är Den personliga dimensionen, Den didaktiska dimensionen, Den styrande dimensionen och Den samhälleliga dimensionen. Var och en av dessa dimensioner delas upp i ett antal variationer. Dimensionerna är konstruerade utifrån principen om det personligt nära till det samhälleligt distanserade. Utöver dessa dimensioner har en aspekt på dessa lagts till, Den elevnära aspekten vars innehåll utgörs av eleverna som påverkansfaktor. Lärarna i studien pratar i princip aldrig om eleverna som påverkansfaktor utan att koppla till någon av de fyra dimensionerna. Slutsatser som dras i studien är att de tjugo lärarna alla har mycket olika berättelser om vad de uppfattar som viktigaste påverkansfaktorer. Några lägger fokus på personlig bakgrund eller personliga intressen. Andra fokuserar på didaktiska idéer, styrdokument eller organisatoriska och ekonomiska ramar. Studien visar också att lärarna alla anger en eller ett par dominerande dimensioner, vilka också påverkar hur de talar om de andra dimensionerna. Lärarnas berättelser visar även att de upplever att undervisningen och vad som påverkar denna påtagligt förändras över tid. Utifrån en del aspekter skiljer sig de båda respondentgrupperna åt på kollektiv nivå, emedan en del aspekter skär rakt igenom intervjumaterialet med likheter på individnivå, oavsett om de arbetat fyrtio år eller är nyexaminerade.Studiens kanske viktigaste bidrag är att den exemplifierar teoretiska perspektiv, inte minst genom att belysa att vad som påverkar undervisningen i ett ämne är så komplext att den ramfaktorteoretiska byggnadsställningen måste anpassas efter den specifika undersökningen med dess frågeställningar och undersökningsmaterial.
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| 31. |
- Öberg, Joakim
(författare)
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Samhällskunskapens dimensioner : Tio lärare ramar in sitt ämne
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna samhällskunskapsdidaktiska studies syfte är att undersöka vad samhällskunskapslärare själva upplever som de viktigaste påverkansfaktorerna för transformeringen av samhällskunskap som skolämne till samhällskunskap som undervisning utifrån didaktiska frågor som Vad?, Hur? och Varför?, samt hur detta upplevs förändrats över en tidsperiod om cirka tjugo år eller mer.Studien bygger på hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk livsvärldsansats där fenomenologisk beskrivning och hermeneutisk tolkning är centralt. Empirin utgörs av intervjuer med tio samhällskunskapslärare med lång yrkeserfarenhet från högstadium, gymnasium eller vuxenutbildning.Resultatet tematiseras utifrån inspiration från ramfaktorteoretiska utgångspunkteri fyra dimensioner av påverkansfaktorer, vilka är Den personliga dimensionen, Den didaktiska dimensionen, Den styrande dimensionen och Den samhälleliga dimensionen. Var och en av dessa dimensioner delas upp i ett antal variationer. Dimensionerna är konstruerade utifrån principen om det personligt nära till det samhälleligt distanserade. Utöver dessa dimensioner har en aspekt på dessa lagts till. Det är Den elevnära aspekten vars innehåll utgörs av eleverna som påverkansfaktor för hur undervisningen blir. Lärarna i studien pratar aldrig om eleverna som påverkansfaktor utan att koppla detta till någon av de fyra dimensionerna.Slutsatser som dras i studien är att de tio lärarna alla har mycket olika berättelserom vad de uppfattar som viktigaste påverkansfaktorer. Några lägger mest fokus på sin personliga bakgrund eller personliga intressen. Andra fokuserar mer på didaktiska idéer, på styrdokument eller på organisatoriska ramar. Studien visar också att lärarna alla har en eller ett par dominerande dimensioner som dels syns mest i berättelsen, dels också påverkar hur de pratar om de andra dimensionerna. Lärarnas berättelser visar även att de upplever att undervisningen och vad som påverkar denna påtagligt förändras över tid.Studiens viktigaste bidrag är kanske att den exemplifierar teoretiska perspektiv. Inte minst genom att belysa att vad som påverkar undervisningen i ett ämne är så komplext att den ramfaktorteoretiska byggnadsställningen måste anpassas efter den specifika undersökningen med dess frågeställningar och undersökningsmaterial.
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| 32. |
- Öberg, Joakim
(författare)
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Samhällskunskapsämnet 100 år 2019 – Eller?
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den 31 oktober 2019 fyller samhällskunskapsämnet 100 år. Eller? Det beror på vad vi menar. Den 31 oktober 1919 infördes i folkskolans tvååriga fortsättningsskola medborgarkunskap, vilket kan ses som en föregångare till dagens samhällskunskapsämne. Men det var långt ifrån alla elever som gick i denna skolform. Ämnet hade bland annat funktionen att fostra eleverna till fungerande samhällsmedborgare, men redan långt tidigare hade denna funktion innehafts av andra ännen inom folkskolan. För läroverkens del låg en del som vi kan kalla statskunskap inom ramen för läroverkens historieundervisning, men denna undervisning var det än mindre andel av befolkningen som tog del av. Om vi syftar till samhällskunskapsämnet utifrån hur ämnet ser ut idag så är det betydligt yngre, vi får gå fram till 1955 och försöksverksamheten med enhetsskolan för att finna det moderna samhällskunskapsämnets tillblivelse och ska vi räkna med då det officiellt infördes för flertalet elever får vi sätta år 1962 och införandet av grundskolan som startår. Så frågan hur gammalt ämnet är får olika svar beroende på vad vi menar.
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