| 1. |
- Beye, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 7:18, s. 3647-3651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse.
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| 2. |
- Diarbakerli, E., et al.
(författare)
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Learning from the past to plan for the future: A scoping review of musculoskeletal clinical research in Sweden 2010-2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 127:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aims of this study are to 1) determine the scope of musculoskeletal (MSK)-related clinical research in Sweden; 2) collate the amount of first-tier funding received; 3) discuss strategies and infrastructure supporting future MSK clinical trials in Sweden. Methods: A systematic scoping review protocol was applied in PubMed, Scopus, and SweCRIS databases. The articles were examined, and data were extracted in multiple stages by three blinded authors. Results: The search strategy resulted in 3,025 publications from 479 Swedish-affiliated authors. Primary health care was the basis for 14% of the publications, 84% from secondary health care, and 2% from occupational health care with a similar proportional distribution of first-tier research grant financing. Approximately one in six publications were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while the majority were of observational cohort design. The majority of publications in primary and occupational health care were related to pain disorders (51 and 67%, respectively), especially diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (34%) and rehabilitation (15%) with similar proportional distribution of first-tier research grant financing. In secondary health care, rheumatic inflammatory disorder-related publications were most prevalent (30%), most frequently concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (20%), attracting approximately half of all first-tier funding. Publications related to degenerative joint disorders (25%), fractures (16%), and joint, tendon, and muscle injuries (13%) frequently concerned surgical and other orthopedic-related interventions (16, 6, and 8%, respectively). Pain disorder-related publications (10%) as well as bone health and osteoporosis-related publications (4%) most frequently concerned diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (5 and 3%, respectively). Conclusions: Swedish-affiliated MSK disorder research 2010-2020 was predominantly observational cohort rather than RCT based. There was skewed first-tier funding allocation considering prevalence/incidence and burden of disease. Use of infrastructure supporting register-based RCTs, placebo-controlled RCTs, and hybrid effectiveness-implementation studies on prevention and clinical intervention is important strategies for the future in all healthcare sectors.
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| 3. |
- Diarbakerli, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish musculoskeletal researchers view on a collaborative network and future research priorities in Swedish healthcare
- 2024
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Ingår i: Musculoskeletal Care. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1478-2189 .- 1557-0681. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSK) are a global burden causing significant suffering and economic impact. Systematic identification and targeting of research questions of highest interest for stakeholders can aid in improving MSK disorder knowledge and management.Objective: To obtain Swedish MSK researchers' opinions and views on a collaborative Swedish MSK network (SweMSK) and identify future research areas of importance for Swedish MSK research.Methods: A web-based survey was conducted July to September 2021 to collect data from 354 Swedish MSK researchers. The survey focused on the need, objectives, and structure of a SweMSK network and identified prioritised areas for future MSK research.Results: The study included 141 respondents, of which 82 were associate professors or professors. The majority (68%) supported the creation of a new musculoskeletal network. The most supported element was increased collaboration regarding nationwide and multicenter studies. Respondents recommended the creation of a homepage and the establishment of national work groups with different specific interests as the primary elements of a new network.Conclusion: The results demonstrated a need and desire for increased national research collaboration and the creation of a new musculoskeletal network. The high academic experience and active research participation of the respondents suggest the need for MSK disorder knowledge and management improvement in Sweden. Therefore, the SweMSK network may help facilitate effective collaboration and research efforts that can contribute to the advancement of MSK disorder management and care. This study may provide valuable insights for policymakers, clinicians, and researchers to improve MSK disorder care and management in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Dittrich, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016
- 2016
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMOappointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to provide state-of-the-art cancer care to all patients wherever they live. Recent progress in the field of cancer research has indeed resulted in diagnostic and therapeutic innovations such as targeted therapies as a standard therapeutic approach or personalised cancer medicine specialised training for medical oncology trainees. Thus, several new chapters on technical contents such as molecular pathology, translational research or molecular imaging and on conceptual attitudes towards human principles like genetic counselling or survivorship have been integrated in the GC. The GC edition 2016 consists of 12 sections with 17 subsections, 44 chapters and 35 subchapters, respectively. Besides renewal in its contents, the GC underwent a principal formal change taking into consideration modern didactic principles. It is presented in a template-based format that subcategorises the detailed outcome requirements into learning objectives, awareness, knowledge and skills. Consecutive steps will be those of harmonising and implementing teaching and assessment strategies.
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| 5. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 6. |
- Schäffer, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:48, s. 19066-19077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science-policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science-policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP’s success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP’s work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel’s work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel’s activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor’s role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP’s activities.
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| 7. |
- van Swaay, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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The European Grassland Butterfly Indicator: 1990–2011
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the European Grassland Butterfly Indicator, based on national Butterfly Monitoring Schemes (BMS) in 19 countries across Europe, most of them in the European Union. The indicator shows that since 1990 till 2011 butterfly populations have declined by almost 50 %, indicating a dramatic loss of grassland biodiversity. This also means the situation has not improved since the first version of the indicator published in 2005. Of the 17 species, 8 have declined in Europe, 2 have remained stable and 1 increased. For six species the trend is uncertain. The main driver behind the decline of grassland butterflies is the change in rural land use: agricultural intensification where the land is relatively flat and easy to cultivate, and abandonment in mountains and wet areas, mainly in eastern and southern Europe. Agricultural intensification leads to uniform, almost sterile grasslands for biodiversity. Grassland butterflies thus mainly survive in traditionally farmed low‑input systems (High Nature Value (HNV) Farmland) as well as nature reserves, and on marginal land such as road verges and amenity areas.
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| 8. |
- Alfredsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Propagation of physically short cracks in a bainitic high strength bearing steel due to fatigue load
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 90, s. 166-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physically short cracks in a bainitic high strength bearing steel were fatigue loaded. The rapid propagation rate of early open short cracks agreed with that of long closure free cracks. After some rapid growth, the short cracks entered a transition period to the rate of growth limited long cracks. Potential drop showed that the short cracks were open to the tip throughout the growth sequence, which excluded crack face closure in the wake as the growth limiting mechanism in this material. Instead the short crack effect was related to residual stresses and other mechanisms at the crack tip. Crack manufacturing procedures were determined for straight long and short start cracks in the present material. LEFM with effective material parameters and limit compensation predicted the short crack lives.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ansell, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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How Learning Aggregates : A Social Network Analysis of Learning between Swedish municipalities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Local Government Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-3930 .- 1743-9388. ; 43:7, s. 903-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a unique data set of learning among all 290 Swedish municipalities, we use social network analysis to analyze how learning networks aggregate nationally. To facilitate this analysis, we describe five ideal-typical patterns of aggregation—core-periphery, small world, top-down regionalism, bottom-up regionalism, and urban hierarchy. Each of these ideal types has important implications for how ideas, information, and innovation will circulate among municipalities. Social network analysis allows us to both isolate these patterns and to appreciate composite patterns. The analysis indicates that Swedish municipalities are a small world network with clear regional and hierarchical elements. County seats serve an important role as network hubs.
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| 11. |
- Ansell, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Learning Networks Among Swedish Municipalities : Is Sweden a Small World?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Knowledge and Networks. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319450223 - 9783319450230 ; , s. 315-336
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributed, networked learning processes are widely touted as a basis for superior performance. Yet we know relatively little about how learning networks operate in the aggregate. We explore this issue by utilizing a unique data set on learning among Swedish municipalities. The data indicate that geographic proximity and county are the basic structuring properties of the global network. Municipalities learn from their near neighbors, especially from neighbors in the same county, and these two principles produce a high degree of local clustering in the municipal learning networks. At the same time, we also find evidence that Swedish municipalities are a small world linked together on a national basis. Two mechanisms knit the Swedish municipalities together. First, county seats serve as hubs that link local clusters together. Second, local clusters aggregate into regional clusters. Despite a high degree of local clustering, hubs and regions provide a structural basis for the national diffusion of policy ideas and practices among Swedish municipalities.
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| 12. |
- Assi, Hanin, et al.
(författare)
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A New Technique for Pelvic and Vaginal Reconstruction in Abdominoperineal Rectal Excision : Combination of Gluteus Maximus Flap and Fasciocutaneous Flap
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. - 2169-7574. ; 11:10, s. 5317-5317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resection of advanced rectal cancer might result in significant tissue loss, including pelvic floor and parts of the vaginal wall. Pelvic floor reconstruction using a musculocutaneous flap offers optimized healing abilities and the possibility of vaginal reconstruction. In Skåne University Hospital, two different flap techniques are used to reconstruct the perineum: the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap and the gluteus maximus (GM) flap. A combination of a GM flap and a fasciocutanous flap, referred to locally as a GM special (GMS) flap, is used for posterior vaginal wall reconstruction in women undergoing abdominoperineal resections including parts of or the total posterior vaginal wall. The GMS flap was introduced through a national collaboration in Sweden in 2013. The aim of this article is to offer a detailed description and illustrations of the surgical technique used to construct the GMS flap, focusing on the posterior vaginal wall reconstruction. In our experience, the GMS flap is a resilient and cosmetically appealing choice that is technically easily harvested. The flap has acceptable morbidity and long-term results with adequate neovaginal measurements. Collaborative work is further encouraged.
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| 13. |
- Assi, Hanin, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual and functional long-term outcomes following advanced pelvic cancer and reconstruction using vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous and gluteal myocutaneous flap
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983. ; 47:4, s. 858-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After extensive pelvic surgery for cancer two flap types are used at Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Sweden for perineal reconstruction: vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and gluteal flap with or without vaginal reconstruction. The objective was to study the long-term outcomes in patients treated for advanced pelvic cancer receiving a flap. Method: Patients with pelvic cancer subjected to surgery including perineal reconstruction between January 2010 and August 2016 at SUS were included retrospectively. Participating patients were scheduled for an out-patient visit. Questionnaires addressing quality of life, (QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D) and sexual function (FSFI and IIEF) were filled in. Sensitivity test, using monofilaments on the gluteal/posterior thigh area, neovaginal measurements using silicon gauges and muscular functionality tests (timed stands test and stairs test) were performed. Results: Thirty-six (24 women, 12 males) out of 71 invited patients conceded participation. Patients scored a median of 85/100 regarding global health using EQ-5D. All women reported sexual dysfunction and 75% (9/12) of men reported severe erectile dysfunction. Neovaginal measurements showed adequate reconstructions. Sensitivity test implied decreased sensitivity on the operated side compared to the unoperated side in patients with gluteal flap. Both physical tests demonstrated adequate muscular functionality in everyday life activities after reconstructions using gluteal flap. Conclusion: This long-term follow up after extensive surgery treating pelvic cancer with perineal flap reconstruction implies high quality of life, good muscular functionality and adequate neovaginal measurements. However sexual function is impaired among both sexes and sensitivity in the surgical area of the gluteal flap is decreased.
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| 14. |
- Assi, Hanin, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term outcomes following beyond total mesorectal excision and reconstruction using myocutaneous flaps : A retrospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983. ; 48:5, s. 1161-1166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Beyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) offers long-term survival in patients with advanced pelvic malignancy. At Skåne University Hospital (SUS) Malmö in Sweden, the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (VRAM) and gluteal maximus (GM) flap have been used for perineal reconstruction to promote healing and functional outcomes after significant tissue loss. This study aims to examine 90-day overall and flap-specific complications in patients with advanced pelvic cancer treated with bTME and perineal flap reconstruction. Method: This retrospective study conducted at SUS included patients undergoing surgery between January 01, 2010 and August 01, 2016. Patients’ data were gathered through medical chart reviews. The Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification system was used to classify surgical and medical postoperative complications. Flap-specific complications were evaluated regardless of CD classification. Results: One hundred five patients (51 men, 54 women) underwent bTME surgery with perineal reconstruction, with VRAM flaps used in 27 (26%) patients, GM flaps in 51 (49%) patients and GM flaps with vaginal reconstruction in 27 (26%) patients. The 90-day mortality rate was one (1%), despite surgical CD ≥ III and/or medical CD ≥ II complications affecting 51 (48%) patients. Partial perineal dehiscence was noted in 45 (43%) patients, mostly treated conservatively. At the first outpatient postoperative visit (median, 42 days), flap healing was complete in 47 (45%) patients. Conclusion: bTME surgery in pelvic cancer patients with perineal flap reconstruction using VRAM or GM flaps results in high overall and flap complication rates, but low mortality. Most complications can be conservatively treated.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Atienza-Párraga, Alba, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenomic re-configuration of primary multiple myeloma underlies the synergistic effect of combined DNMT and EZH2 inhibition.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an overexpression of EZH2 and a subsequent increase in H3K27me3-mediated silencing. However, the genome-wide redistribution of this mark in context with other epigenetic tags remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that EZH2 physically interacts with DNMT1 and that combined inhibition leads to a reduced G2/M arrest and increased apoptosis in MM. In addition, we present a catalogue of the genomic regulatory regions in normal plasma cells (NPC) as defined by their individual combination of histone marks. We used ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq data to generate whole-genome NPC chromatin annotations which we further analysed using DNA methylation arrays and RNA-seq. Comparison between NPC and MM demonstrated that, despite the global hypomethylation, enhancers show a tendency towards a higher DNA methylation levels in MM, whereas Polycomb and heterochromatic sites, highly methylated in NPC, show intermediate levels of the mark. Across all examined regulatory regions, 5-azacytidine treatment strongly reduced DNA methylation in MM. Furthermore, we find an extensive re-structuration of the global histone patterns in MM. We noticed a widespread increase in H3K27me3 except at active TSSs/promoters and enhancers, where we found a selective gain of the mark, suggestive of a directed silencing. In contrast, poised TSSs lose H3K27me3 and gain the activation mark H3K27ac, reflecting potential activation. Taken together, we present a comprehensive map of the epigenomic changes in MM as compared to NPC and provide insights into the interplay between EZH2 and DNMT1 in MM.
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| 17. |
- Belmar-Lopez, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells used as vehicles for anti-tumor therapy exert different in vivo effects on migration capacity and tumor growth
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 11, s. 139-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been promoted as an attractive option to use as cellular delivery vehicles to carry anti-tumor agents, owing to their ability to home into tumor sites and secrete cytokines. Multiple isolated populations have been described as MSCs, but despite extensive in vitro characterization, little is known about their in vivo behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and efficiency of different MSC lineages derived from five different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, epithelial endometrium, stroma endometrium, and amniotic membrane), in order to assess their adequacy for cell-based anti-tumor therapies. Our study shows the crucial importance of understanding the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, and provides both information and a methodological approach, which could be used to develop safer and more accurate targeted therapeutic applications. Methods: We first measured the in vivo migration capacity and effect on tumor growth of the different MSCs using two imaging techniques: (i) single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT-CT), using the human sodium iodine symporter gene (hNIS) and (ii) magnetic resonance imaging using superparamagnetic iron oxide. We then sought correlations between these parameters and expression of pluripotency-related or migration-related genes. Results: Our results show that migration of human bone marrow-derived MSCs was significantly reduced and slower than that obtained with the other MSCs assayed and also with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The qPCR data clearly show that MSCs and hiPSCs exert a very different pluripotency pattern, which correlates with the differences observed in their engraftment capacity and with their effects on tumor growth. Conclusion: This study reveals differences in MSC recruitment/migration toward the tumor site and the corresponding effects on tumor growth. Three observations stand out: 1) tracking of the stem cell is essential to check the safety and efficacy of cell therapies; 2) the MSC lineage to be used in the cell therapy needs to be carefully chosen to balance efficacy and safety for a particular tumor type; and 3) different pluripotency and mobility patterns can be linked to the engraftment capacity of the MSCs, and should be checked as part of the clinical characterization of the lineage.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of thermal embrittlement of a low alloy steel weldment using fracture toughness and microstructural investigations
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A thermally aged low alloy steel is investigated in terms of its fracture toughness and microstructural evolution and compared to a reference. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of thermal embrittlement on the brittle fracture toughness, and its effects on the influence of loss of crack tip constraint. Ageing appears to enable brittle fracture initiation from grain boundaries besides initiation from second phase particles, making the fracture toughness distribution bimodal as a result. The consequence is that the constraint effect is significantly reduced when grain boundary initiation dominates the toughness distribution, as compared to the reference material where the constraint effect is significant. The microstructure is investigated at the nano scale using atom probe tomography where nanometer sized Cu-rich clusters are found primarily situated on dislocation lines.
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| 20. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of thermal embrittlement of a low alloy steel weldment using fracture toughness and microstructural investigations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thermally aged low alloy steel weld metal is investigated in terms of its fracture toughness and microstructural evolution and compared to a reference. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of embrittlement due to thermal ageing on the brittle fracture toughness, and its effects on the influence of loss of crack tip constraint. The comparison of the investigated materials has been made at temperatures that give the same median fracture toughness of the high constraint specimens, ensuring comparability of the low constraint specimens. Ageing appears to enable brittle fracture initiation from grain boundaries besides initiation from second phase particles, making the fracture toughness distribution bimodal. Consequently, this appears to reduce the facture toughness of the low constraint specimens of the aged material as compared to the reference material. The microstructure is investigated at the nano scale using atom probe tomography where nanometer sized Ni-Mn-rich clusters, precipitated during ageing, are found primarily situated on dislocation lines.
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| 21. |
- Carlson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Systemet Hållbara Byggnader: Bedömningsgrunder för innemiljön
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport har krav på byggnaders innemiljö sammanställts som kan användas som funktionskrav eller för att klassa byggnader. Bara sådana komfortrelaterade innemiljöaspekter som har en sådan status att de kan anses vara allmänt accepterade ingår och benämns här innemiljökomfort. Systemet Hållbara Byggnader hanterar utöver innemiljökomfort även energianvändning och miljöpåverkan. Målet med rapporten är att komplettera systemet Hållbara Byggnader med krav på innemiljökomfort, och därigenom täcka in alla miljöaspekter inklusive ohälsa som kan kopplas till mänsklig hälsa. Ohälsa ingår som en del av miljöpåverkan och är en aspekt som man vill minska, medan innemiljökomfort är en aspekt som man försöker förbättra. Visionen är därmed att systemet Hållbara Byggnader på ett heltäckande sätt hanterar de mest betydelsefulla aspekterna som kan relateras till begreppet hållbara byggnader. Innemiljökomfort hanteras med egenskapskrav samt påverkanskrav. Egenskapskrav är sådana (mätbara) egenskaper som kan bestämmas i en befintlig byggnad eller vid projektering. Påverkanskrav för innemiljökomfort baseras på brukarens upplevelse och självskattning och hanteras med hjälp av enkäter.
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| 22. |
- Chivasso, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling human aqp5-pip molecular interaction and effect on aqp5 salivary glands localization in ss patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saliva secretion requires effective translocation of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) water channel to the salivary glands (SGs) acinar apical membrane. Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) display abnormal AQP5 localization within acinar cells from SGs that correlate with sicca manifestation and glands hypofunction. Several proteins such as Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) may regulate AQP5 trafficking as observed in lacrimal glands from mice. However, the role of the AQP5-PIP complex remains poorly understood. In the present study, we show that PIP interacts with AQP5 in vitro and in mice as well as in human SGs and that PIP misexpression correlates with an altered AQP5 distribution at the acinar apical membrane in PIP knockout mice and SS hMSG. Furthermore, our data show that the protein-protein interaction involves the AQP5 C-terminus and the N-terminal of PIP (one molecule of PIP per AQP5 tetramer). In conclusion, our findings highlight for the first time the role of PIP as a protein controlling AQP5 localization in human salivary glands but extend beyond due to the PIP-AQP5 interaction described in lung and breast cancers.
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| 23. |
- Class, Quetzal A., et al.
(författare)
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Outcome-dependent associations between short interpregnancy interval and offspring psychological and educational problems : a population-based quasi-experimental study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Stockholm : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 47:4, s. 1159-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Causal interpretation of associations between short interpregnancy interval (the duration from the preceeding birth to the conception of the next-born index child) and the offspring's psychological and educational problems may be influenced by a failure to account for unmeasured confounding.Methods: Using population-based Swedish data from 1973-2009, we estimated the association between interpregnancy interval and outcomes [autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), severe mental illness, suicide attempt, criminality, substance-use problem and failing grades] while controlling for measured covariates. We then used cousin comparisons, post-birth intervals (the interval between the second-and third-born siblings to predict second-born outcomes) and sibling comparisons to assess the influence of unmeasured confounding. We included an exploratory analysis of long interpregnancy interval.Results: Interpregnancy intervals of 0-5 and 6-11 months were associated with higher odds of outcomes in cohort analyses. Magnitudes of association were attenuated following adjustment for measured covariates. Associations were eliminated for ADHD, severe mental illness and failing grades, but maintained magnitude for ASD, suicide attempt, criminality and substance-use problem in cousin comparisons. Post-birth interpregnancy interval and sibling comparisons suggested some familial confounding. Associations did not persist across models of long interpregnancy interval.Conclusions: Attenuation of the association in cousin comparisons and comparable post-birth interval associations suggests that familial genetic or environmental confounding accounts for a majority of the association for ADHD, severe mental illness and failing grades. Modest associations appear independently of covariates for ASD, suicide attempt, criminality and substance-use problem. Post-birth analyses and sibling comparisons, however, show some confounding in these associations.
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| 24. |
- Crommert, Martin Eriksson, 1974-
(författare)
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On the role of transversus abdominis in trunk motor control
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All trunk muscles are important contributors to spine stability. However, the deepest abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis (TrA), with its characteristically horizontal fibre orientation seems to serve a unique function in trunk motor control. The main mechanical role of TrA is believed to be to contribute to vertebral alignment during imposed moments on the trunk, executed mainly via either regulating the pressure level within the abdominal cavity and/or transmit forces to the spine via the thoracolumbar fascia. However, the complete function of TrA and what factors affect its activation are still not fully understood. The purpose of the present thesis was to investigate the role of TrA in trunk motor control, specifically in relation to the presence or absence of postural demand on the trunk.The timing and magnitude of TrA activation were investigated, in relation to other trunk muscles, with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes in different loading situations and body positions with varying postural demand.In a side-lying position, with no postural demand of keeping the trunk upright, the activation of TrA was delayed relative the superficial abdominal muscles compared to previous experiments performed in a standing position. The timing and magnitude of activation of TrA did not depend upon the direction of perturbation. In the standing position, different static arm positions revealed that the activation of TrA co-varied with variations in the degree of postural demand on the trunk and also the imposed moments, regardless of moment direction. Finally, a study on rapid arm flexion movements confirmed that TrA is part of the pre-programmed anticipatory response in advance of known perturbations. The activation magnitude of TrA was the same regardless if the arm movement induced flexion or extension moments on the trunk.In conclusion, the activation of TrA is associated with the upright postural demand on the trunk and with balancing imposed moments acting on the spine, regardless their direction. The findings are in support of the beliefs that TrA act as a general, direction non specific, stabilizer of the lumbar spine.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Anna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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AKN-028 induces cell cycle arrest, downregulation of Myc associated genes and a dose dependent reduction of kinase activity in acute myeloid leukemia
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839. ; 87:2, s. 284-291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AKN-028 is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor with preclinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presently undergoing investigation in a phase I/II study. It is a potent inhibitor of the FMS-like kinase 3 (FLT3) but shows in vitro activity in a wide range of AML samples. In the present study, we have characterized the effects of AKN-028 on AML cells in more detail. AKN-028 induced a dose-dependent G(0)/arrest in AML cell line MV4-11. Treatment with AKN-028 caused significantly altered gene expression in all AML cell types tested (430 downregulated, 280 upregulated transcripts). Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of genes associated with the proto-oncogene and cell cycle regulator c-Myc among the downregulated genes in both AKN-028 and midostaurin treated cells. Kinase activity profiling in AML cell lines and primary AML samples showed that tyrosine kinase activity, but not serine/threonine kinase activity, was inhibited by AKN-028 in a dose dependent manner in all samples tested, reaching approximately the same level of kinase activity. Cells sensitive to AKN-028 showed a higher overall tyrosine kinase activity than more resistant ones, whereas serine/threonine kinase activity was similar for all primary AML samples. In summary, AKN-028 induces cell cycle arrest in AML cells, downregulates Myc-associated genes and affect several signaling pathways. AML cells with high global tyrosine kinase activity seem to be more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of AKN-028 in vitro.
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| 27. |
- Everitt, Carl-Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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An imprint method to produce surface asperities for EHL and RCF experiments
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A method was developed for creating single well defined surface asperities using an imprint technique. The proposed method can be used to create asperities of different heights and widths in the micrometre range. The technique for creating single surface asperities is based on rolling a hard disc with indents against a soft disc. The contact pressure will cause plastic deformation forcing material into the indents to create the asperities. The height of the asperities can be controlled by adjusting the applied force. After initial reshaping during the run-in process, the asperities were strong enough to survive more than 35 million EHL contact cycles. The method should thus be of great interest for the researchers investigating rolling contact fatigue experimentally. The method could also aid the research of the run in process by enabling tracing the development of specific surface defects. Since the method can produce high and strong asperities it might also prove useful for investigations of exactly how asperities deform under sever contacts conditions.
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| 28. |
- Everitt, Carl-Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
An imprint method to produce surface asperities for EHL and RCF experiments
- 2021
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method was developed for creating single well-defined surface asperities using an imprint technique. The proposed method enables: • Creation of well-defined micrometre high asperities • Creation of asperities which survived more than 35 million EHL contact cycles • Damage tracing thanks to the possibility to control the damage initiation sites.The technique is based on rolling a hard disc with indents against a soft disc for creating single surface asperities. The contact pressure causes plastic deformation forcing material into the indents to create the asperities. The height of the asperities can be controlled by adjusting the applied force. After initial reshaping during the run-in process, the asperities were strong enough to survive more than 35 million elastohydrodynamic lubrication cycles, which should be of great interest for the researchers who investigate rolling contact fatigue experimentally. The method could also aid the research on the run-in process by enabling tracing the development of specific surface defects. Since the method can produce high and strong asperities it might also prove useful for investigations how asperities deform under sever contact conditions.
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| 29. |
- Faleskog, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A probabilistic model for cleavage fracture with a length scale - parameter estimation and predictions of stationary crack experiments
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 71:1, s. 57-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a large experimental investigation in the transition temperature region on a modified A508 steel. Tests were carried out on single-edge-notch-bend specimens with three different crack depth over specimen width ratios to capture the strong constraint effect on fracture toughness. Three test temperatures were considered, covering a range of 85 degreesC. All specimens failed by cleavage fracture prior to ductile tearing. A recently proposed probabilistic model for the cumulative failure by cleavage was applied to the comprehensive sets of experimental data. This modified weakest link model incorporates a length scale, which together with a threshold stress reduce the scatter in predicted toughness distributions as well as introduces a fracture toughness threshold value. Model parameters were estimated by a robust procedure, which is crucial in applications of probabilistic models to real structures. The conformity between predicted and experimental toughness distributions, respectively, were notable at all the test temperatures.
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| 30. |
- Gonçalves Machado, Carla, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Maturity Framework Enabling Organizational Digital Readiness
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 649-660, s. 649-660
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalization and the use of advanced technologies for more flexible and resource efficient production processes are changing the industrial competitive environment. However, new technologies are not seldom implemented without the whole organization being ready to fully utilize its benefits. This readiness can be expressed as organizational digital maturity. Previous studies identified that the level of digitalization is increasing, but, in many cases, due to lack of foundation, it is not aligned with the business strategy and/or supported by the organizational and technological infrastructures. There is a gap in existing models to provide practical starting-up steps to support the organizational digital readiness. A conceptual readiness framework for organizational digital readiness was tested through the analysis and reflection of four cases implemented by a Swedish manufacturing company. Findings point out that it is important to create a proper organizational foundation, a readiness, to ensure a company to evolve in digital maturity. That can be developed based on three main stages of change management practices. The tool can be used to identify the organizational readiness and thereby the gaps and thresholds necessary to overcome. This will enable companies to utilize the technology level necessary to increase cost and resource efficiency, and hence competitiveness. In addition, dimensions and a roadmap for organizational, digital, and smart readiness is presented. © 2020 The authors
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| 31. |
- Grayson, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Blood flow dynamics in reconstructed auricles
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 47:4, s. 313-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ear reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage is performed in stages. Restitution of blood flow between the separate stages is crucial to obtain a good result. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and local temperature were measured in reconstructed and normal ears in response to indirect heating. Ten persons who had had a unilateral ear reconstruction were included in the study. At a minimum, 157 days had passed since the last operation. LDPI showed no difference in blood flow between the reconstructed ear and the normal ear, neither before nor after indirect heating. The upper part of the normal ear was slightly cooler than the corresponding part in the reconstructed ear. Indirect heating caused an increase of LDPI-values and temperatures in the upper, middle, and lower part of the ear both in the reconstructed ear and the normal one. Skin blood flow recovers after 3-stage ear reconstruction and shows normal dynamic response upon indirect heating.
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| 32. |
- Görts, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Structural brain differences related to compulsive sexual behavior disorder
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 12:1, s. 278-287
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has been included as an impulse control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CSBD remain largely unknown, and given previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms at play, the aim of the present study was to investigate if CSBD is associated with structural brain differences in regions involved in reward processing.Methods: We analyzed structural MRI data of 22 male CSBD patients (mean = 38.7 years, SD = 11.7) and 20 matched healthy controls (HC; mean = 37.6 years, SD = 8.5). Main outcome measures were regional cortical thickness and surface area. We also tested for case-control differences in subcortical structures and the effects of demographic and clinical variables, such as CSBD symptom severity, on neuroimaging outcomes. Moreover, we explored case-control differences in regions outside our hypothesis including white matter.Results: CSBD patients had significantly lower cortical surface area in right posterior cingulate cortex than HC. We found negative correlations between right posterior cingulate area and CSBD symptoms scores. There were no group differences in subcortical volume.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CSBD is associated with structural brain differences, which contributes to a better understanding of CSBD and encourages further clarifications of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder.
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| 33. |
- Hedström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired differentiation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease bronchial epithelial cells grown on bronchial scaffolds
- 2021
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1044-1549. ; 65:2, s. 201-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, small airway remodeling, and emphysema. Airway remodeling in patients with COPD involves both the airway epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is currently unknown how epithelial remodeling in COPD airways depends on the relative influence from inherent defects in the epithelial cells and alterations in the ECM. To address this, we analyzed global gene expression in COPD human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and normal HBEC after repopulation on decellularized bronchial scaffolds derived from patients with COPD or donors without COPD. COPD HBEC grown on bronchial scaffolds showed an impaired ability to initiate ciliated-cell differentiation, which was evident on all scaffolds regardless of their origin. In addition, although normal HBEC were less affected by the disease state of the bronchial scaffolds, COPD HBEC showed a gene expression pattern indicating increased proliferation and a retained basal-cell phenotype when grown on COPD bronchial scaffolds compared with normal bronchial scaffolds. By using mass spectrometry, we identified 13 matrisome proteins as being differentially abundant between COPD bronchial scaffolds and normal bronchial scaffolds. These observations are consistent with COPD pathology and suggest that both epithelial cells and the ECM contribute to epithelial-cell remodeling in COPD airways.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Isaksson-Mettävainio, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
c-Met expression in primary tumors and their corresponding distant metastases
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - Umeå : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997. ; 1:6, s. 787-790
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has beenimplicated in the pathogenesis and growth of a wide variety ofhuman malignancies, including CRC, but its role in metastasisis largely unknown. We compared c-Met expression in primaryhuman colorectal carcinomas and distant metastases from thesame patients. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissuesamples from 69 colorectal cancer patients were obtained. Theprotein expression of c-Met was evaluated immunohistochemicallyusing a commercial antibody. The difference inexpression between primary tumors and their correspondingdistant metastases was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signedranktest. c-Met expression was statistically significantlylower in the distant metastases compared to their correspondingprimary tumors (p<0.001), whereas no difference was foundbetween lymph node metastases and their correspondingprimary tumors (p=0.957). The degree of c-Met expressionwas not related to clinicopathological characteristics such astumor grade and Dukes' stage at the time of primary tumordiagnosis, or to the location of the distant metastases. Wedemonstrated that c-Met expression is often reduced in distantmetastases compared to their corresponding primary colorectaltumors. Additional studies of c-Met activation and signaltransduction will increase our knowledge about the role ofc-Met in colorectal cancer metastasis.
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| 36. |
- Isaksson-Mettävainio, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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High SMAD4 levels appear in MSI and hypermethylated colon cancers, and indicate a better prognosis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Geneve : International union against cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131, s. 779-788
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths in western countries. CRC are commonly divided in cancers showing microsatellite stability (MSS) or microsatellite instability (MSI). A more novel classification is dependent on promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands (the CpG island methylator phenotype, CIMP), where cancers show high, low or negative methylation status. SMAD4, located on chromosome 18q, has been thoroughly investigated during the last years. Loss of SMAD4 expression has been reported to correlate with poor CRC patient prognosis. In this study we analyze the impact of SMAD4 expression on prognosis in relation to MSI screening status and CIMP status. 479 paraffin-embedded specimens of CRC were examined for nuclear SMAD4 expression using immunohistochemistry. The tumors were scored loss (-), moderate (+) and high (++) expressing tumors. Loss of SMAD4 correlated significantly with decreased survival in all colon cancer patients. High SMAD4 expression, on the other hand, was significantly associated with increased survival, especially in colon cancer patients which has undergone potential curative surgery. In addition, in MSI tumors and CIMP-high tumors, high SMAD4 expression was significantly related to increase in survival, while loss of SMAD4 resulted in a significantly poorer prognosis. SMAD4 expression was not correlated to prognosis in rectal cancer cases. We conclude, loss of SMAD4 indicates a poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. The novel findings that high SMAD4 expression predicts a better prognosis suggests that SMAD4 immunohistochemistry could constitute a prognostic marker in combination with CIMP and MSI screening status.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, Annika M., et al.
(författare)
-
Biosensing of opioids using frog melanophores
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Biosensors and Bioelectronics. - 0956-5663. ; 17:4, s. 331-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectacular color changes of fishes, frogs and other lower vertebrates are due to the motile activities of specialized pigment containing cells. Pigment cells are interesting for biosensing purposes since they provide an easily monitored physiological phenomenon. Melanophores, containing dark brown melanin pigment granules, constitute an important class of chromatophores. Their melanin-filled pigment granules may be stimulated to undergo rapid dispersion throughout the melanophores (cells appear dark), or aggregation to the center of the melanophores (cells appear light). This simple physiological response can easily be measured in a photometer. Selected G protein coupled receptors can be functionally expressed in cultured frog melanophores. Here, we demonstrate the use of recombinant frog melanophores as a biosensor for the detection of opioids. Melanophores were transfected with the human opioid receptor 3 and used for opiate detection. The response to the opioid receptor agonist morphine and a synthetic opioid peptide was analyzed by absorbance readings in an aggregation assay. It was shown that both agonists caused aggregation of pigment granules in the melanophores, and the cells appeared lighter. The pharmacology of the expressed receptors was very similar to its mammalian counterpart, as evidenced by competitive inhibition by increasing concentrations of the opioid receptor inhibitor naloxone. Transfection of melanophores with selected receptors enables the creation of numerous melanophore biosensors, which respond selectively to certain substances. The melanophore biosensor has potential use for measurement of substances in body fluids such as saliva, blood plasma and urine.
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| 38. |
- Karsten, Agneta Linder-Aronson, et al.
(författare)
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The resistance to axial dislodgement of nickel titanium compression arch wire hooks - an in vitro study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Australasian Orthodontic Journal. - : Australian Society of Orthodontists. - 2207-7472. ; 35:1, s. 21-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the level of force required to axially dislodge nickel titanium compression hooks (Trillium Compression Hook (TM), Hespeler Orthodontics) placed on orthodontic arch wires in vitro. Materials and methods: Nickel titanium compression hooks were placed on arch wires with a specially designed pair of pliers. The resistance to axial dislodgement was tested on a total of 260 hooks placed in a standardised way on round (0.016 '', 0.018 '', 0.020 ''), square (0.020 x 0.020 '') and rectangular (0.016 x 0.022 '', 0.019 x 0.025 '', 0.021 x 0.025 '') stainless steel (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics), nickel titanium, or beta-titanium (Hespeler Orthodontics) arch wires. The forces required to displace the hooks were recorded using an Instron tensile testing machine. The data were compared with the results reported in similar studies on stainless steel crimpable arch wire hooks. Results: The forces required to dislodge the compression hooks varied between 45.0 N and 161.9 N. The hook's resistance to dislodgement was found to be high in all tested hook/wire combinations. The lowest recorded average dislodging force was found in the 0.020 '' nickel titanium group and the highest average force was in the 0.016 x 0.022 '' beta-titanium group. Conclusion: The forces needed to dislodge the tested nickel titanium compression arch wire hooks exceed the force levels previously reported for stainless steel crimpable arch wire hooks.
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| 39. |
- Kristiansen, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' satisfaction after ear reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 47:2, s. 113-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Patients' satisfaction is an important outcome measure in reconstructive surgery and quality assurance is today central in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients' satisfaction with the process and final result after reconstruction for congenital microtia. A questionnaire was designed and sent to 78 patients who had undergone unilateral ear reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage during the period 2000-2010. For a multidimensional view the patients answered 42 questions about aesthetic, functional, psychosocial, and clinic-related outcomes. The response rate was 76% (59/78 patients). The patients were generally satisfied with the aesthetic result of the ear and had function gain in being able to wear glasses; however, some patients did report new different functional problems after the operation. Still, almost all patients felt that the ear was a part of them and would have chosen the same operative procedure if they could do it again. The patients were overall highly satisfied with the care process. This surgery-specific questionnaire is an important tool for quality assurance in this clinical practice. These findings can help to improve the preoperative information to meet the patients' notions, expectations, and fears.
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| 40. |
- Kroon, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A probabilistic model for cleavage fracture with a length scale - Parameter estimation and predictions of growing crack experiments
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 75:8, s. 2398-2417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A probabilistic model for the cumulative probability of failure by cleavage fracture was applied to experimental results where cleavage fracture was preceded by ductile crack growth. The model, introduced by Kroon and Faleskog [Kroon M, Faleskog J. A probabilistic model for cleavage fracture with a length scale - influence of material parameters and constraint. Int J Fract 2002; 118:99-118], includes a non-local stress with an associated material related length scale, and it also includes a strain measure to account for the number of nucleated cleavage initiation sites. The experiments were performed on single edge cracked bend test specimens with three different crack lengths at the temperature 85 degrees C, which is in the upper transition region for the steel in question. The ductile rupture process is modelled using tile cell model for nonlinear fracture mechanics. The original cleavage fracture model had to be modified in order to account for the substantial number of cleavage initiators being consumed by the ductile process. With this modification, the model was able to accurately capture the experimental failure probability distribution.
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| 41. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of daily visual management at five small and medium sized enterprises in Produktionslyftet compared to six larger Swedish companies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares the implementation of daily visual management (DVM) in five SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises), with practice in six large Swedish companies, considering the challenge to include sustainability aspects. With method definition from Produktionslyftet (PL), a Swedish development programme, DVM includes daily meetings around key performance indices (KPIs) and visualised information on boards. The SMEs were studied within PL while the large companies were studied in the research project SuReBPMS (Sustainable and resource efficient Business Performance Measurement Systems). The empirical result from SMEs shows that KPIs often cover few areas (most common: delivery, safety and quality) while the larger companies have wider range of areas. In some SMEs the meeting agendas, KPIs and pulse-boards are standardised while in others there are differences between teams or operations. The larger companies were mainly standardised. Both SMEs and larger companies mostly include all employees in DVM, in line with PL-DVM methodology. The general tendency is to focus on short term rather than follow-up of strategic challenges in the DVM. Furthermore, environmental issues, such as climate impact, are rarely found on boards, while often reflected in company policy. However, many KPIs have a strong, indirect, connection to sustainability and environment.
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| 42. |
- Landström, Anna, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A life cycle approach to business performance measurement systems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 126-133, s. 126-133
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtually every company has implemented a Business Performance Measurement System (BPMS) with the purpose of monitoring production and business performance and to execute the corporate strategy at all levels in a company. The purpose of this article is to shed light on common pitfalls related to the practical use of BPMS and further to present a life cycle model with the purpose of introducing structured approach to avoiding the pitfalls. The article contributes to further development of the BPMS life cycle concept and practical examples of how it can be used.
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| 43. |
- Landström, Anna, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Present state analysis of BPMS in large manufacturing companies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from PMA 2016, 10th conference of the Performance Measurement Association 26-29 June 2016 Edinburgh, Scotland.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the present state of the performance measurement systems (PMS) at 7 sites of 6 different large Swedish manufacturingcompanies. The methodology has both a bottom-up and a top-down perspective. Important findings are that the PMSs are very similar in how they function but differ a lot in what ismeasured.
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| 44. |
- Landström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Present state analysis of business performance measurement systems in large manufacturing companies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PMA Conference 2016 PMA2016. - Edinburgh, United Kingdom. ; , s. 26-29
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the present state of the performance measurement systems (PMS) at 7 sites of 6 different large Swedish manufacturing companies. The methodology has both a bottom-up and a top-down perspective. Important findings are that the PMSs are very similar in how they function but differ a lot in what is measured.
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| 45. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
-
Neural and behavioral correlates of sexual stimuli anticipation point to addiction-like mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 11:2, s. 520-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is characterized by persistent patterns of failure to control sexual impulses resulting in repetitive sexual behavior, pursued despite adverse consequences. Despite previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms and the recent impulse-control disorder classification in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the neurobiological processes underlying CSBD are unknown.Methods: We designed and applied a behavioral paradigm aimed at disentangling processes related to anticipation and viewing of erotic stimuli. In 22 male CSBD patients (age: M = 38.7, SD = 11.7) and 20 healthy male controls (HC, age: M = 37.6, SD = 8.5), we measured behavioral responses and neural activity during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The main outcomes were response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials and ventral striatum (VS) activity during anticipation of visual stimuli. We related these outcomes with each other, to CSBD diagnosis, and symptom severity.Results: We found robust case-control differences on behavioral level, where CSBD patients showed larger response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials than HC. The task induced reliable main activations within each group. While we did not observe significant group differences in VS activity, VS activity during anticipation correlated with response time differences and self-ratings for anticipation of erotic stimuli.Discussion and Conclusions: Our results support the validity and applicability of the developed task and suggest that CSBD is associated with altered behavioral correlates of anticipation, which were associated with ventral striatum activity during anticipation of erotic stimuli. This supports the idea that addiction-like mechanisms play a role in CSBD.
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| 46. |
- Lind, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Jakt på papperslösa gör oss till en polisstat
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-10-04
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Regeringen föreslår nio åtgärder för att hitta och utvisa papperslösa. Det kommer att slå hårt och främst gå ut över redan svaga och jagade människor. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta tillbaka åtgärderna, skriver 43 forskare.
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| 47. |
- Lindberg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of the 2023 Duke-ISCVID diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis in relation to the modified Duke criteria and to clinical management- reanalysis of retrospective bacteremia cohorts
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - 1537-6591. ; 78:4, s. 956-963
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRevised diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE), the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria, were recently presented and need validation. Here, we compare the 2000 modified Duke criteria for IE with Duke-ISCVID among patients with bacteremia and relate the diagnostic classification to IE-treatment.MethodsWe reanalyzed patient cohorts with Stapylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, non-beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus-like bacteria, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis and HACEK bacteremia. Episodes were classified as definite, possible or rejected IE with the modified Duke and Duke-ISCVID criteria. Reclassification included the microbiology criteria, PET-CT and cardiac implanted elect-ronical devices. To calculate sensitivity, patients treated as IE were considered as having IE.ResultsIn 4050 episodes of bacteremia, the modified Duke criteria criteria assigned 307episodes (7.6%) as definite IE, 1190 episodes (29%) as possible IE and 2553 episodes (63%) as rejected IE. Using the Duke-ISCVID criteria, 13 episodes (0.3%) were reclassified from possible to definite IE and 475 episodes (12%) were reclassified from rejected to possible IE. With the modified Duke criteria, 79 episodes that were treated as IE were classified as possible IE and eleven of these episodes were reclassified to definite IE with Duke-ISCVID. Applying the decision to treat for IE as reference standard, the sensitivity of the Duke-ISCVID criteria was 80%. None of the 475 episodes reclassified to possible IE were treated as IE.ConclusionsThe Duke-ISCVID criteria reclassified a small proportion of episodes to definite IE at the expense of more episodes of possible IE. Future criteria should minimize the possible group while keeping or improving sensitivity.
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| 48. |
- Ljuslinder, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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ErbB 1-4 expression alterations in primary colorectal cancers and their corresponding metastases
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:5, s. 1489-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) targeted therapies are important new tools in colorectal cancer treatment. EGFR analysis of the primary tumour was previously recommended to identify patients who will benefit from the EGFR targeted therapy. Previous studies have displayed diverging results regarding the expression of EGFR in the primary tumour compared to the metastases. The present study was performed to investigate whether EGFR and ErbB2-4 expression differed between 64 primary tumours and their corresponding metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: EGFR and ErbB2-4 expression were analysed in the primary tumour and in the corresponding metastases using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: In 49/64 samples (76%), the primary tumours were EGFR positive; in 33% (16/49) of EGFR positive samples, the tumours lost the EGFR expression in the metastasis compared to the primary tumour. From the primary tumours, 15/64 (23%) were negative and 5 of these (33%) developed EGFR expression in the metastasis. ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 expression was evident in 54%, 67%, and 81%, respectively. There was no significant difference between ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 expression in primary tumours and metastases. The co-expression of the ErbB family members was also analysed, with a significant increase of ErbB3/ErbB4 co-expression in late stage tumours. CONCLUSION: The EGFR expression was lost in 33% of metastasising primary colorectal cancer tumours, a finding that agrees with at least one previous study. Thus, the present results clearly implicate the need for EGFR analysis of both the primary tumour and metastases to accurately determine EGFR status when considering the use of EGFR targeted therapies.
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- Lundin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Expert knowledge use and deliberation in local policy making
- 2014
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Ingår i: Policy sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-2687 .- 1573-0891. ; 47:1, s. 25-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the extent to which public administrators make use of expert knowledge (i.e., research or evaluation reports) when they prepare policy advice, and the extent to which politicians deliberate on the information provided to them by the administrators. The study is based on original, quantitative data from local politics in Sweden. We find that expert-informed policy advice from the administrators and critical reflection by the politicians are more pronounced when there is a lot of public attention. Furthermore, administrators use expert information more when they operate in a context in which there are large political disagreements. However, politicians deliberate less on the administrators' policy advices in such environments. Thus, conflict seems to generate a pressure on the administrators to search for expert knowledge. But at the same time, within a context of political disputes, politicians make less effort to understand and critically reflect over the information provided to them by the administration, and are less inclined to change their opinions even if good arguments are presented to them. Thus, the empirical analysis indicates that what role expertise gets in policy making is very much a consequence of the local political environment.
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