| 1. |
- Milton, A., et al.
(författare)
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Development of an ICU discharge instrument predicting psychological morbidity : a multinational study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 44:12, s. 2038-2047
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop an instrument for use at ICU discharge for prediction of psychological problems in ICU survivors.Methods: Multinational, prospective cohort study in ten general ICUs in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. Adult patients with an ICU stay12h were eligible for inclusion. Patients in need of neurointensive care, with documented cognitive impairment, unable to communicate in the local language, without a home address or with more than one limitation of therapy were excluded. Primary outcome was psychological morbidity 3months after ICU discharge, defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscale score11 or Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Checklist-14 (PTSS-14) part B score>45.Results: A total of 572 patients were included and 78% of patients alive at follow-up responded to questionnaires. Twenty percent were classified as having psychological problems post-ICU. Of 18 potential risk factors, four were included in the final prediction model after multivariable logistic regression analysis: symptoms of depression [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.50], traumatic memories (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.82), lack of social support (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.47-7.32) and age (age-dependent OR, peak risk at age 49-65years). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for the instrument was 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.81).Conclusions: We developed an instrument to predict individual patients' risk for psychological problems 3months post-ICU, http://www.imm.ki.se/biostatistics/calculators/psychmorb/. The instrument can be used for triage of patients for psychological ICU follow-up.Trial registration: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02679157.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Byrne, James, et al.
(författare)
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A review of cloud computing simulation platforms and related environments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science. - : SciTePress. - 9789897582431 ; , s. 679-691
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen an increasing trend towards the development of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) platforms to support cloud computing related decision making and research. The complexity of cloud environments is increasing with scale and heterogeneity posing a challenge for the efficient management of cloud applications and data centre resources. The increasing ubiquity of social media, mobile and cloud computing combined with the Internet of Things and emerging paradigms such as Edge and Fog Computing is exacerbating this complexity. Given the scale, complexity and commercial sensitivity of hyperscale computing environments, the opportunity for experimentation is limited and requires substantial investment of resources both in terms of time and effort. DES provides a low risk technique for providing decision support for complex hyperscale computing scenarios. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the development and extension of tools to support DES for cloud computing resulting in a wide range of tools which vary in terms of their utility and features. Through a review and analysis of available literature, this paper provides an overview and multi-level feature analysis of 33 DES tools for cloud computing environments. This review updates and extends existing reviews to include not only autonomous simulation platforms, but also on plugins and extensions for specific cloud computing use cases. This review identifies the emergence of CloudSim as a de facto base platform for simulation research and shows a lack of tool support for distributed execution (parallel execution on distributed memory systems).
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| 4. |
- Coffin, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Crossing wires : short-circuiting marketing theory
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marketing Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 1470-5931 .- 1741-301X. ; 22:2, s. 275-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the popular imagination sex sells. Yet, marketing theory has relatively little to say about sexuality per se. Drawing on Žižek’s metaphor of critical theory as ‘short-circuiting’ the dominant discourse, we conceptualise marketing as a field that theorises sexuality only in a series of ‘closed circuits’. Knowledge becomes hierarchical when some topics, such as sexuality, are denied the theoretical freedom to roam in wider open circuits alongside other ‘mainstream’ marketing topics. We identify four ways in which certain topics are enclosed: theoretical, empirical, institutional and neo-colonial. We then seek to short-circuit this state of affairs by bringing together a heterogeneous group of scholars interested in sexuality. By crossing their critical insights like unexpected connections in a circuit, we create sparks of inspiration that challenge the contents, contexts and concepts that relate to marketing theories of sexuality. Our paper makes a specific theoretical contribution in arguing for sexuality to be treated as a phenomenon worth studying and theorising in its own right. However, it also makes a wider methodological and epistemological contribution in showing how various topics within marketing theory might be short-circuited to help flatten the hierarchies of knowledge created by closed and open circuits.
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| 5. |
- Danielsen, A, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating repetition and change in musical rhythm by functional MRI
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - 0306-4522 .- 1873-7544. ; 275, s. 469-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groove-based rhythm is a basic and much appreciated feature of Western popular music. It is commonly associated with dance, movement and pleasure and is characterized by the repetition of a basic rhythmic pattern. At various points in the musical course, drum breaks occur, representing a change compared to the repeated pattern of the groove. In the present experiment, we investigated the brain response to such drum breaks in a repetitive groove. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to a previously unheard naturalistic groove with drum breaks at uneven intervals. The rhythmic pattern and the timing of its different parts as performed were the only aspects that changed from the repetitive sections to the breaks. Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent activation were analyzed. In contrast to the repetitive parts, the drum breaks activated the left cerebellum, the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), and the superior temporal gyri (STG) bilaterally. A tapping test using the same stimulus showed an increase in the standard deviation of inter-tap-intervals in the breaks versus the repetitive parts, indicating extra challenges for auditory-motor integration in the drum breaks. Both the RIFG and STG have been associated with structural irregularity and increase in musical-syntactical complexity in several earlier studies, whereas the left cerebellum is known to play a part in timing. Together these areas may be recruited in the breaks due to a prediction error process whereby the internal model is being updated. This concurs with previous research suggesting a network for predictive feed-forward control that comprises the cerebellum and the cortical areas that were activated in the breaks.
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| 6. |
- Danielsen, A, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating repetition and change in musical rhythm by functional MRI
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0306-4522 .- 1873-7544. ; 275, s. 469-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groove-based rhythm is a basic and much appreciated feature of Western popular music. It is commonly associated with dance, movement and pleasure and is characterized by the repetition of a basic rhythmic pattern. At various points in the musical course, drum breaks occur, representing a change compared to the repeated pattern of the groove. In the present experiment, we investigated the brain response to such drum breaks in a repetitive groove. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to a previously unheard naturalistic groove with drum breaks at uneven intervals. The rhythmic pattern and the timing of its different parts as performed were the only aspects that changed from the repetitive sections to the breaks. Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent activation were analyzed. In contrast to the repetitive parts, the drum breaks activated the left cerebellum, the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), and the superior temporal gyri (STG) bilaterally. A tapping test using the same stimulus showed an increase in the standard deviation of inter-tap-intervals in the breaks versus the repetitive parts, indicating extra challenges for auditory-motor integration in the drum breaks. Both the RIFG and STG have been associated with structural irregularity and increase in musical-syntactical complexity in several earlier studies, whereas the left cerebellum is known to play a part in timing. Together these areas may be recruited in the breaks due to a prediction error process whereby the internal model is being updated. This concurs with previous research suggesting a network for predictive feed-forward control that comprises the cerebellum and the cortical areas that were activated in the breaks.
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| 7. |
- Greaves, C., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing speech intelligibility using visual images
- 1993
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Ingår i: Human-computer interaction : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, (HCI International '93), Orlando, Florida, August 8 - 13, 1993. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 044489540X ; , s. 1097-1102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Jalkanen, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of ships as a source of underwater noise
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0792 .- 1812-0784. ; 14:6, s. 1373-1383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a methodology is presented for modelling underwater noise emissions from ships based on realistic vessel activity in the Baltic Sea region. This paper combines the Wittekind noise source model with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) in order to produce regular updates for underwater noise from ships. This approach allows the construction of noise source maps, but requires parameters which are not commonly available from commercial ship technical databases. For this reason, alternative methods were necessary to fill in the required information. Most of the parameters needed contain information that is available during the STEAM model runs, but features describing propeller cavitation are not easily recovered for the world fleet. Baltic Sea ship activity data were used to generate noise source maps for commercial shipping. Container ships were recognized as the most significant source of underwater noise, and the significant potential for an increase in their contribution to future noise emissions was identified.
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| 9. |
- Karasalo, I., et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of source spectra of ships from long term recordings in the Baltic sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 4:JUN
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Karasalo, östberg, Sigray, Jalkanen, Johansson, Liefvendahl and Bensow. Estimates of the noise source spectra of ships based on long term measurements in the Baltic sea are presented. The measurement data were obtained by a hydrophone deployed near a major shipping lane south of the island öland. Data from over 2,000 close-by passages were recorded during a 3 month period from October to December 2014. For each passage, ship-to-hydrophone transmission loss (TL) spectra were computed by sound propagation modeling using 1. bathymetry data from the Baltic Sea Bathymetry Database (BSBD), 2. sound speed profiles from the HIROMB oceanographic model, 3. seabed parameters obtained by acoustic inversion of data from a calibrated source, and 4. AIS data providing information on each ship's position. These TL spectra were then subtracted from the received noise spectra to estimate the free field source level (SL) spectra for each passage. The SL were compared to predictions by some existing models of noise emission from ships. Input parameters to the models, including e.g., ship length, width, speed, displacement, and engine mass, were obtained from AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and the STEAM database of the Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI).
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Talsma, M., et al.
(författare)
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Facing suspected child abuse - what keeps Swedish general practitioners from reporting to child protective services?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 33:1, s. 21-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the reporting of suspected child abuse among Swedish general practitioners (GPs), and to investigate factors infl uencing them in their decision whether or not to report to child protective services (CPS). Design. A cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting. Primary health care centres in western Sweden. Subjects. 177 GPs and GP trainees. Main outcome measures. Demographic and educational background, education on child abuse, attitudes to reporting and CPS, previous experience of reporting suspected child abuse, and need of support. Results. Despite mandatory reporting, 20% of all physicians had at some point suspected but not reported child abuse. Main reasons for non-reporting were uncertainty about the suspicion and use of alternative strategies; for instance, referral to other health care providers or follow-up of the family by the treating physician. Only 30% of all physicians trusted CPS's methods of investigating and acting in cases of suspected child abuse, and 44% of all physicians would have wanted access to expert consultation. There were no differences in the failure to report suspected child abuse that could be attributed to GP characteristics. However, GPs educated abroad reported less frequently to CPS than GPs educated in Sweden. Conclusions. This study showed that GPs see a need for support from experts and that the communication and cooperation between GPs and CPS needs to be improved. The low frequency of reporting indicates a need for continued education of GPs and for updated guidelines including practical advice on how to manage child abuse.
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| 12. |
- Thuvander, Mattias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Atom probe tomography of a Ti-Si-Al-C-N coating grown on a cemented carbide substrate
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2723 .- 0304-3991. ; 159, s. 308-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The elemental distribution within a Ti-Si-Al-C-N coating grown by physical vapour deposition on a Crdoped WC-Co cemented carbide substrate has been investigated by atom probe tomography. Special attention was paid to the coating/substrate interface region. The results indicated a diffusion of substrate binder phase elements into the Ti-N adhesion layer. The composition of this layer, and the Ti-Al-N interlayer present between the adhesion layer and the main Ti-Si-Al-C-N layer, appeared to be sub-stoichiometric. The analysis of the interlayer showed the presence of internal surfaces, possibly grain boundaries, depleted in Al. The composition of the main Ti-Al-Si-C-N layer varied periodically in the growth direction; layers enriched in Ti appeared with a periodicity of around 30 nm. Laser pulsing resulted in a good mass resolution that made it possible to distinguish between N+ and Si2+ at 14 Da.
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| 13. |
- Townend, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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COGNIT: challenges and vision for a serverless and multi-provider cognitive cloud-edge continuum
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE). - : IEEE. - 9798350304831 - 9798350304848 ; , s. 12-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of the serverless paradigm in cloud application development is growing rapidly, primarily driven by its promise to free developers from the responsibility of provisioning, operating, and scaling the underlying infrastructure. However, modern cloud-edge infrastructures are characterized by large numbers of disparate providers, constrained resource devices, platform heterogeneity, infrastructural dynamicity, and the need to orchestrate geographically distributed nodes and devices over public networks. This presents significant management complexity that must be addressed if serverless technologies are to be used in production systems. This position paper introduces COGNIT, a major new European initiative aiming to integrate AI technology into cloud-edge management systems to create a Cognitive Cloud reference framework and associated tools for serverless computing at the edge. COGNIT aims to: 1) support an innovative new serverless paradigm for edge application management and enhanced digital sovereignty for users and developers; 2) enable on-demand deployment of large-scale, highly distributed and self-adaptive serverless environments using existing cloud resources; 3) optimize data placement according to changes in energy efficiency heuristics and application demands and behavior; 4) enable secure and trusted execution of serverless runtimes. We identify and discuss seven research challenges related to the integration of serverless technologies with multi-provider Edge infrastructures and present our vision for how these challenges can be solved. We introduce a high-level view of our reference architecture for serverless cloud-edge continuum systems, and detail four motivating real-world use cases that will be used for validation, drawing from domains within Smart Cities, Agriculture and Environment, Energy, and Cybersecurity.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Caries increment in young children in Skaraborg, Sweden: associations with parental sociodemography, health habits, and attitudes
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Wiley. - 0960-7439. ; 27:1, s. 47-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo explore parental sociodemography, oral health habits, and attitudes in relation to dental caries increment in their children. DesignA longitudinal questionnaire and clinical study. The children were followed annually from age 3 years (n = 271) to 6 years (n = 243). Carious lesions of different depth were registered (initial and manifest) by four calibrated dentists. The parents filled out a questionnaire. Statistics included factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha together with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. ResultsMost of the parents exhibited positive health behaviour and attitudes. Late start of toothbrushing of child' was, however, common (1 year; 29%) and external locus of control' showed a high mean value (10,1; possible range 3-15). In a multivariate model, parent born abroad' (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.85-5.76) and parental indulgence' (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.37-7.51) were the most important for the development of carious lesions in the children. ConclusionsThis study identified parent born abroad' and parental indulgence' as significant risk factors for caries in the age period 3 to 6 years. Identifying parents with the greatest need should be emphasized, in order to target promotion and prevention activities.
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| 17. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Oral impacts on daily performances : associations with self-reported general health and medication
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:6, s. 370-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of general diseases and medication on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a Swedish adult population using the Swedish version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Material and methods. A three-site sample of 200 adults (20-86 years; participation rate 70%) was interviewed using the OIDP, and a medical anamnesis was performed in 2006-7. A self-reported questionnaire provided complementary socio-economic data. Results. The burden of medical diagnoses and medications was greatest among the older participants in the study. The mean number of medicines in regular users was: ≥60 years, 3.6 (SD 2.6); 40-59 years, 1.9 (SD 1.5); and 20-40 years, 1.9 (SD 1.8) (p =0.013). There were no gender differences in general health or medication variables. Self-reported health, medical diagnoses and medication were significantly and consistently associated with the OIDP score: subjects with ≥1 diagnosis, OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.19-4.14) and subjects with ≥1 medicines, OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01-3.40) versus those without diagnoses or medication. However, there was a clear gradient: OIDP scores increased with increasing numbers of diagnoses and medicines. Conclusion. The Swedish version of the OIDP was found useful for measuring impacts of general health and medication on OHRQoL. Dental care should pay special attention to patients with medical conditions or who are on medication, because these patients are more likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Östberg, G, et al.
(författare)
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Alkyd emulsions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 24, s. 281-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various aspects of alkyd emulsion technology have been investigated. Firstly, the influence of alkyd oil length, acid value and hydroxyl number, as well as the type of surfactant used as emulsifier, on shear stability of alkyds emulsions have been studied. It was found that the acid value was the most important alkyd parameter, the stability increasing with increasing oil length. It is also shown that anionic surfactants give emulsions with small droplet sizes down at lower concentrations than nonionics. Secondly, polymerizable nonionic surfactants have been tested as emulsifiers and compared with conventional surfactants of the same HLB. It was found that surfactants capable of participating in the autoxidative curing process give faster drying and improved film hardness compared with non-reactive surfactants. Thirdly, the distribution of driers between the alkyd phase and the water phase has been investigated. It was found that low pH and the use of hydrophilic anionic surfactants, such as SDS, favour partitioning of cobalt into the aqueous phase which is unfavourable with respect to drying properties.
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| 20. |
- Östberg, G, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of emulsifier on the formation of alkyd emulsions
- 1995
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 94, s. 161-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In traditional alkyd paints, the alkyd is dissolved in an organic solvent such as mineral spirit. For health and environmental reasons there is an increasing interest in water-borne alkyd paints. Alkyd emulsions are therefore an interesting alternative. The alkyd emulsion should have a good colloidal stability at a low concentration of surfactant. A high concentration of surfactant gives undesired properties of the paint film, as for example water sensitivity. In this paper, the influence of emulsification temperature and emulsifier concentration on the formation of alkyd emulsions has been investigated. The temperature dependence observed with both anionic and nonionic emulsifiers is related to the change in viscosity of the alkyd with temperature. In the case of nonionic emulsifiers, an additional effect is seen due to the change in HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) of the surfactant with temperature. A concentration corresponding to a close packing of the non-ionic surfactant on the surface of the droplets is needed to obtain a stable emulsion when nonionic surfactants are used. In the case of anionic emulsifiers, stable emulsions can be obtained at low concentrations giving a very low packing density at the surface.
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| 21. |
- Östberg, G, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical stability of alkyd emulsions. Part 1: Influence of emulsion droplet size and the emulsifier
- 1994
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Ingår i: JCT. - 0361-8773. ; 66:832, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limited colloidal stability of alkyd emulsions compared to that of organic solvent-borne alkyd paints is a well known problem. For environmental reasons, however, they have a great advantage since they are water-borne. In this study, we have investigated the influence of emulsifier and initial droplet size on the mechanical stability of alkyd emulsions. Anionic emulsifiers have previously been shown to be more effective than nonionic emulsifiers in the formation of alkyd emulsions. Here it has been found that an anionic emulsifier also gave more stable emulsions at lower concentrations than did the nonionics. Emulsions stabilized with a nonionic emulsifier showed the same stability as the one with the anionic emulsifiers if the concentration was increased. Too high a concentration of surfactants is undesirable in paints, however, since it increases the water sensitivity of the paint film. The mechanical stability of anionically stabilized emulsions was less sensitive to the initial droplet size compared to emulsions stabilized with a nonionic emulsifier.
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| 22. |
- Østergaard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Consumer Culture : Context and Concept
- 2014
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Ingår i: Research in Consumer Behavior. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781784411589 - 9781784411572 ; , s. 245-257
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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