| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Fredrik, 1980-
(författare)
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Reducing ships' fuel consumption and emissions by learning from data
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of reducing both greenhouse gases and hazardous emissions, the shipping sector faces a major challenge as it is currently responsible for 11% of the transport sector’s anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Even as emissions reductions are needed, the demand for the transport sector rises exponentially every year. This thesis aims to investigate the potential to use ships’ existing internal energy systems more efficiently. The thesis focusses on making existing ships in real operating conditions more efficient based logged machinery data. This dissertation presents results that can make ship more energy efficient by utilising waste heat recovery and machine learning tools. A significant part of this thesis is based on data from a cruise ship in the Baltic Sea, and an extensive analysis of the ship’s internal energy system was made from over a year’s worth of data. The analysis included an exergy analysis, which also considers the usability of each energy flow. In three studies, the feasibility of using the waste heat from the engines was investigated, and the results indicate that significant measures can be undertaken with organic Rankine cycle devices. The organic Rankine cycle was simulated with data from the ship operations and optimised for off-design conditions, both regarding system design and organic fluid selection. The analysis demonstrates that there are considerable differences between the real operation of a ship and what it was initially designed for. In addition, a large two-stroke marine diesel was integrated into a simulation with an organic Rankine cycle, resulting in an energy efficiency improvement of 5%. This thesis also presents new methods of employing machine learning to predict energy consumption. Machine learning algorithms are readily available and free to use, and by using only a small subset of data points from the engines and existing fuel flow meters, the fuel consumption could be predicted with good accuracy. These results demonstrate a potential to improve operational efficiency without installing additional fuel meters. The thesis presents results concerning how data from ships can be used to further analyse and improve their efficiency, by using both add-on technologies for waste heat recovery and machine learning applications.
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| 3. |
- Brännlund, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Jolts at the ballot box : Electricity prices and voting in Swedish manufacturing communities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research examines the overlooked political implications of energy pricing on voting patterns in manufacturing communities, amidst increasing scholarly interest in the political ramifications of Western industrial decline. We focus specifically on the surge in electricity prices and their effect on electoral choices in manufacturing -dense regions in Sweden during the 2022 general elections. The rise in electricity costs holds particular significance given Europe's reliance on imported energy for competitive manufacturing, coupled with the existing constraints on energy supply. With energy prices being a direct threat to industries and influencing the competitiveness of manufacturing firms and job security, we argue that these factors could significantly influence voting behaviour in affected communities. Our findings show that areas with higher electricity costs witnessed a more robust performance by the incumbent Social Democratic Party, suggesting that economic insecurity may indeed spur greater demand for traditional left-wing policies, such as economic compensation.
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| 4. |
- Cronert, Axel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Köer och valdeltagande i de allmänna valen 2022
- 2023
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Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - : Fahlbeckska stiftelsen. - 0039-0747. ; 125:4, s. 917-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Lines and voter turnout in the 2022 Swedish general election] Studies of whether long lines at polling stations may impact voter turnout are scarce, and hitherto none has analyzed a high-turnout proportional electoral system. We investigate whether problematic election-day lines at polling places during the 2022 Swedish general election contributed to the considerable decline in turnout. Our analyses combine data on polling stations’ closing times in the 20 largest municipalities with survey data on poll workers in three municipalities. The results suggest that precincts with line problems on election day saw lower turnout than comparable precincts. Interestingly, this effect appears to have been partly offset by some voters instead casting their ballots in an advance voting polling station on election day. Although the line problems were not widespread enough to explain more than a fraction of the overall decline in turnout, congestion risks are important to consider in future elections to avoid a higher and more unequal cost of voting.
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Opening a door to politics? : Labour market entrance and political candidacy among refugees
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Routledge. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 49:15, s. 4052-4070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we explore whether the economic integration of immigrants may function as a stepping stone to their political integration. We show that there are strong theoretical reasons to expect entrance into the labour market to be pivotal for the political socialisation of immigrants in the new host country and in extension for their opportunities to stand for office. Empirically, we make use of Swedish register data and study whether labour market entrance among refugees affects their chances of being nominated for political office in Swedish municipal councils. We focus on refugees that arrived in Sweden between 1985 and 1994 and explore whether they became political nominees in seven consecutive elections between 1994 and 2014. Our results indicate that getting an early foothold in the labour market has a significant positive effect on the likelihood of running for office. These results hold even when we make use of more exogenous variation in the labour market conditions that refugees encountered when they arrived in Sweden, which provides some support that labour market entrance may have a causal effect on political candidacy among refugees.
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| 6. |
- Mårtensson, Moa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocity in welfare institutions and attitudes to free movement in EU receiving countries
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the determinants of public attitudes to the “free movement” of workersin the European Union. We add to the small but growing research literature on this issue byfocusing on how the characteristics of national welfare institutions affect public attitudes tointra-EU labour mobility. More specifically, we explore the role of what we see as thedegree of “institutional reciprocity” in national systems of social protection in explainingvariations of attitudes to free movement across 12 EU Member States. We do not findevidence of a direct effect of institutional reciprocity on attitudes to free movement.However, we identify an interaction effect which suggests that higher degrees ofinstitutional reciprocity in national social protection systems in general, and inunemployment insurance systems in particular, are associated with lower levels ofopposition to free movement among unemployed people.
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| 7. |
- Mårtensson, Moa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Shielding Free Movement? Reciprocity in Welfare Institutions and Opposition to EU Labour Immigration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of European Public Policy. - : Routledge. - 1350-1763 .- 1466-4429. ; :1, s. 41-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public attitudes towards the free movement of workers in the European Union vary substantially between countries and individuals. This paper adds to the small but growing research literature on this issue by analysing the role of national welfare institutions. We investigate the relationship between the degree of ‘institutional reciprocity’ in national systems of social protection and attitudes to EU labour immigration across 12 European countries. We do not find evidence of an effect of institutional reciprocity on opposition to EU labour immigration among the public at large. However, institutional reciprocity appears to matter for economically vulnerable groups. We identify an interaction effect indicating that higher degrees of institutional reciprocity in national social protection systems, and in unemployment insurance systems specifically, are associated with lower levels of opposition to EU labour immigration among unemployed people. Hence, reciprocity in welfare state institutions appears to shield free movement from opposition, at least among vulnerable groups.
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| 8. |
- Österman, Marcus, 1982-
(författare)
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Can We Trust Education for Fostering Trust? : Quasi-experimental Evidence on the Effect of Education and Tracking on Social Trust
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 154:1, s. 211-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education is one of the most commonly proposed determinants of social trust (generalized trust). Nevertheless, the empirical evidence of a causal relationship between education and social trust is inconclusive. This study contributes to this discussion in two ways. First, its design provides strong grounds for causal inference across multiple countries by exploiting numerous European compulsory schooling reforms. Second, it considers how the structure of education, specifically between-school tracking, impacts the relationship between education and social trust. The article argues that less tracking is positive for social trust because it entails intergroup contacts between children with different social backgrounds. The results do not give support for a general positive effect of education on social trust as the effect of reforms that extend compulsory education is positive but small and not statistically significant. However, reforms that reduce tracking have a somewhat larger, but still modest, positive and statistically significant effect on social trust. The effect is more pronounced for individuals with poorly educated parents. The positive effect of detracking reforms goes hand-in-hand with more understanding attitudes towards persons with a different background than one’s own. The lack of a clear effect of reforms that extend compulsory schooling on social trust reinforces the findings of recent single-country studies that have been unable to confirm a causal effect of education on social trust. However, the effect of detracking reforms, albeit modest, shows that education can have a positive effect on social trust but that the institutional character of education may be a conditioning factor.
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| 9. |
- Österman, Marcus, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Does high unemployment mobilize the unemployed? Evidence using Swedish register data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socio-Economic Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 1475-1461 .- 1475-147X. ; 21:1, s. 341-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to recent scholarship on the effects of economic hardship on political participation, and particularly on the issue of how individual and contextual effects interact. More specifically, we study whether the effect of individual unemployment on turnout depends on the level of aggregate unemployment. In contrast to most existing researchers on this topic, we argue that contextual unemployment may reinforce the negative effects of individual unemployment. We also contend that previous studies have not adequately considered how the composition of the unemployed population differs across times of high and low unemployment. Our empirical approach uses state-of-the-art Swedish register panel data, which gives us good opportunities to control for the selection of the unemployed population over the business cycle. We find that once this problem of dynamic selection is taken into account, the negative effect of individual unemployment on electoral turnout is actually stronger in high unemployment contexts.
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| 10. |
- Österman, Marcus, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Educating Democrats or Autocrats? : The regime-conditional effect of education on support for democracy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 0032-3217 .- 1467-9248. ; 71:4, s. 1298-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political science has long viewed education as an instrumental factor in developing support for democracy and beneficial for democratization. However, governments, both democratic and authoritarian, have substantial control over the curriculum and develop education institutions with the specific aim to instill in students the norms and values that underpin the regime. With this in mind, this study asks, does the effect of education vary by the political regime in which education was undertaken? We use a quasi-experimental approach exploiting European compulsory schooling reforms, implemented under both democratic and authoritarian regimes, to answer this question. We find that education has no effect on principle and functional support for democracy, but that education’s effect on satisfaction with democracy is conditional on regime type. For those educated under a democratic regime, education led to greater satisfaction with democracy, whereas those educated under an authoritarian regime became less satisfied with democracy.
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| 11. |
- Österman, Marcus, 1982-
(författare)
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Education, Stratification and Reform : Educational Institutions in Comparative Perspective
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main argument of this thesis is that research has to take the institutional character of education seriously. Educational institutions carry considerable weight for outcomes of education and their design is a matter of intense political debate. This work focuses in particular on the institution of tracking that has wide-reaching consequences for the structure of education. The thesis consists of an introductory essay, together with three empirical essays. The empirical essays all acknowledge the main argument but study different outcomes and relationships connected to education. Essay I studies how the institutions of political economy and education together affect equality of income and equality of educational opportunity. This essay contributes to the literature by distinguishing the effects of the different institutions of political economy and education, as well as how they interact to affect the two contrasting conceptions of equality. The results reveal that tracking hinders equality of educational opportunity but is also related to better incomes for vocational education graduates in certain institutional settings. Wage bargaining coordination reinforces the more equal educational opportunities of weakly tracked contexts and improves the relative income of vocational graduates in these contexts. Essay II explores how education and tracking affect social trust. It makes two contributions. First, the empirical approach provides strong support for causal inference. Second, it is the first study to consider how tracking affects social trust. The empirical evidence finds no general effect of educational attainment on social trust, but decreasing tracking has a positive effect on social trust for individuals who come from weakly educated backgrounds. Essay III aims to explain cross-country differences in tracking by focusing on the impact of government partisanship. The study contributes to the literature by being the first comparative study to explore how partisan politics may explain differences in tracking and being one of few comparative studies there are on the topic at all. The results show that tracking is strongly related to a dominance of Christian democratic governments, whereas detracking reforms have mainly been carried out by social democratic governments.
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| 12. |
- Österman, Marcus, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Free Movement versus European Welfare States? : Variations of the Fiscal Effects of EU Migrants across Welfare State Regimes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Politics & Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0032-3292 .- 1552-7514.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong claims have been made about the incompatibility between large-scale migration and advanced welfare states. The free movement of workers within the European Union (EU) offers an interesting case for the study of the fiscal effects of unrestricted labor migration in different types of welfare states This article therefore investigates the alleged tension between advanced welfare states and liberal migration policies by analyzing how the fiscal effects of EU migrants vary across European welfare state regimes. In contrast to arguments commonly made in public debates, we argue and explain why theoretical reasoning should lead us to expect limited differences in fiscal effects of EU migrants in different welfare states. The empirical analysis, covering twenty-nine countries during 2004–15, shows that the net fiscal impact of EU migrants in the different welfare state regimes of West European countries is positive, and we find no major differences in the fiscal impacts of EU migrants across Western regimes. These results from the EU case cast doubts on the claim that advanced welfare states are incompatible with large-scale immigration because of adverse fiscal effects, and on the idea that broad institutional characteristics of welfare states have substantial consequences for the fiscal impact of migration.
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| 13. |
- Österman, Marcus, 1982-
(författare)
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In education we trust? : Social trust and institutional reform of education
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education is one of the most prominently proposed sources of social trust in the literature. Nevertheless, the evidence of a causal relationship between education and social trust leaves much to be desired. This study contributes to this discussion in two ways. First, it uses a design based on educational reforms in European countries, providing strong grounds for causal inference that travels beyond a specific country. Second, it is the first study to consider how the institutional context of education, specifically tracking, impacts the relationship between education and social trust. Tracking has clear effects on the diversity of schools and classes and is argued to be a decisive factor in the effect of education on social trust. The results do not support a general effect of education on social trust. However, detracking reforms do have a substantial positive impact on social trust among individuals from poorly educated backgrounds.
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| 14. |
- Österman, Marcus, 1982-
(författare)
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Tracking detracking reforms : Political explanations of institutional tracking in education
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present essay explores political explanations for differences in institutional tracking. Tracking refers to the practice in which school children are separated into different tracks according to ability or future plans for further education. Some countries more or less abolished tracking during the decades after the Second World War, whereas others have largely retained that traditional institutional structure of education. What role do partisan politics play for these different trajectories? Tracking is argued to be a truly political issue, as it is closely connected to the reproduction of social stratification and the conditions for social mobility. Hardly any previous comparative studies have aimed to explain the institutional development of tracking, and none have focused on partisan politics. The empirical evidence of this study is based on a novel dataset collected by the author and addressing the development of tracking institutions and reforms from 1960 to 2013 in 31 developed democratic states. In the analyses, government partisanship is used to explain differences in age of selection and in the propensity to decide on detracking reforms. The results show that early selection is strongly related to a dominance of Christian democratic governments, whereas detracking reforms have mainly been carried out by social democratic governments.
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| 15. |
- Österman, Marcus, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Unemployment, workplace socialization, and electoral participation : evidence from Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 40:1, s. 85-98
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- How unemployment affects electoral participation is a archetypal question in political sociology and of particular relevance in economic crises; in the 1930s as well as during a pandemic. A frequent argument in the literature is that unemployment leads to political withdrawal as the unemployed have to focus on their economy and other personal matters. Some scholars, on the other hand, reason that unemployment triggers political mobilization through feelings of grievance and a strive to protest against leading politicians. However, existing empirical evidence is mixed and often suffers from limitations in data and research design. To make progress on this difficult empirical question, the present study leverages Swedish register data on turnout, spanning nine elections between 1970 and 2018. This extensive panel dataset enables us to more adequately address the causal status of the relationship by relying on the with-in individual variation in turnout. Our results report significant but modest negative effects of both unemployment in general and of losing a relatively well-paid job (job loss). The effects are driven by the young. We also find that the negative effect is less pronounced for those who have previously worked at a workplace where most colleagues participate, supporting a socialization mechanism.
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| 16. |
- Österman, Marcus, 1982-
(författare)
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Varieties of education and inequality : how the institutions of education and political economy condition inequality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Socio-Economic Review. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1475-1461 .- 1475-147X. ; 16:1, s. 113-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the relationship between equality of educational opportunity and equality of income in different institutional contexts. By combining insights from the literature on Varieties of Capitalism and education sociology, the study investigates how the educational system and the political economy jointly affect the social stratification of educational choices and condition income differentials between graduates of vocational and general education programmes. The empirical analysis contributes to the literature by contrasting the two conceptions of equality and applying a richer institutional approach than previous studies within the fields of education sociology and Varieties of Capitalism. The results reveal that tracking hinders equality of educational opportunity but is also related to higher incomes for vocational education graduates in certain contexts. Wage bargaining coordination reinforces the more equal opportunities of weakly tracked contexts and improves the relative income of vocational graduates in these contexts.
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