| 1. |
- Axelsson, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Mat vid diabetes. : En systematisk översikt med utvärdering av effekter samt hälsoekonomiska och etiska aspekter.
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SlutsatserTyp 1- och typ 2-diabetes Det finns ett samband mellan att äta medelhavskost och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (måttlig tillförlitlighet). Det finns ett samband mellan att äta en större andel2 fibrer eller baljväxter och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (måttlig tillförlitlighet). Det kan även finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel nötter och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (låg tillförlitlighet) samt lägre risk att insjukna i hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det finns ett samband mellan att dricka mer2 kaffe och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak och lägre risk att dö i förtid i kranskärlssjukdom (måttlig tillförlitlighet) samt möjligen en lägre risk att dö i förtid i hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det råder generell brist på studier med lång uppföljningstid som jämför inverkan av olika slags kostråd på överlevnad, diabeteskomplikationer, diabetesremission3, livskvalitet och biverkningar. Tillförlitligheten av befintliga resultat är dessutom mycket låg för de flesta koster, kostbehandlingar, livsmedel och näringsämnen som har utvärderats. Effekter på hälsa och relaterade mått kan i dessa fall inte bedömas.2. Begreppet ”större andel” eller ”mer” avser inte nödvändigtvis att äta eller dricka mer totalt utan att öka mängden av ett visst livsmedel genom att byta ut annan mat eller dryck.Typ 2-diabetes Det kan finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel mättat fett och högre risk för att dö i förtid av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det kan även finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel enkelomättat fett och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (låg tillförlitlighet). En behandling med en initial period av kraftigt minskat energiintag med hjälp av lågenergipulver (VLED) med efterföljande övergång till mat för viktstabilitet jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling har gynnsamma effekter på livskvalitet (enligt EQ-5D), långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c) och vikt upp till 12 månader (måttlig tillförlitlighet)4. Vidare kan metoder där VLED ingår ha gynnsamma effekter på diabetesremission5 och midjeomfång upp till 12 månader (låg tillförlitlighet) och långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c) upp till 24 månader (låg tillförlitlighet). Intensiv livsstilsbehandling därlågfettkost kombineras med fysisk aktivitet och minskat energiintag har gynnsamma effekter jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling på långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c), vikt, kroppsmasseindex (BMI), midjeomfång och vissa blodfetter upp till 12 månader (måttlig tillförlitlighet)3. Viktminskningen kan kvarstå upp till omkring 10 år (låg tillförlitlighet). Behandlingen kan leda till bättre fysisk livskvalitet upp till 8 år (låg tillförlitlighet) medan effektskillnaden i psykisk livskvalitet under samma tid kan vara obefintlig eller försumbar (låg tillförlitlighet). Jämförelsen påvisar ingen förändrad risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak eller att dö eller insjukna av kardiovaskulära orsaker efter omkring 10 år (låg tillförlitlighet). I det hälsoekonomiska perspektivet är intensiv livsstilsbehandling mer resurskrävande än vanlig kostbehandling, och beräkningar visar små eller inga vinster i kvalitetsjusterade levnadsår (QALYs) på individnivå. Energirestriktion i samband med intensiv livsstilsbehandling med ketogen kost eller med högproteinkost (20 E%) i kombination med fysisk aktivitet jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling kan ge en viktminskning upp till 11 månader (låg tillförlitlighet) men det saknas studier som kan visa om vikten kan bibehållas på längre sikt. Det saknas studier som undersökt kliniskt viktiga utfall som dödlighet, kardiovaskulära sjukdomar, livskvalitet och diabetesremission.3. Gäller endast vid typ 2-diabetes.4. Utgår från individer med en medelkroppsvikt på cirka 100 kg och medel-HbA1c på 60 mmol/mol.5. Resultaten för utfallet diabetesremission (att uppnå normala blodsockervärden) gäller när en diabetesdiagnos sattes för mindre än 6 år sedan eller för mindre än 3 år sedan. Definitionen för diabetesremission var ett HbA1c på mindre än 48 mmol/mol och att samtidigt vara fri från blodsockersänkande läkemedel.Graviditetsdiabetes Det saknas studier om kost vid graviditetsdiabetes med tillräcklig tillförlitlighet för att kunna bedöma effekterna.
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| 2. |
- Ascher, Henry, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd till ensamkommande barn och unga – effekter, erfarenheter och upplevelser
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Begreppet ensamkommande barn innefattar enligt svensk lag asylsökande barn under 18 år som vid ankomsten till mottagarlandet är skilda från såväl föräldrar som annan vuxen person som kan anses ha trätt in i föräldrarnas ställe, eller barn som efter ankomsten står utan sådan ställföreträdare. Vår systematiska genomgång av den vetenskapliga litteraturen har inte funnit några kontrollerade studier som har undersökt eller jämfört effekter av olika stödjande insatser för ensamkommande barn och unga. Vår systematiska genomgång av forskning som på olika sätt belyser ensamkommande barns och ungas erfarenheter och upplevelser av vad som främjar och hämmar deras sociala integrering, psykiska och fysiska hälsa och funktionsförmåga, har resulterat i sju övergripande teman (teman på nivå tre*): – Säkerhet och kontroll: En grundläggande förutsättning. Ensamkommande barns och ungas erfarenheter av trauma och förlust, i kombination med osäkerhet om framtiden, innebär en brist på grundläggande trygghet, kontroll och säkerhet. Det präglar starkt tillvaron och påverkar välbefinnandet och förmågan att hantera sin vardag och sina svårigheter samt att kunna se en framtid. – Det nya landet: Både möjligheter och svårigheter. Ensamkommande barn och unga uttrycker en stark motivation att utbilda sig, att anpassa sig till det nya landet och att ta vara på de möjligheter som finns. Samtidigt beskrivs strukturella och sociala hinder samt svårigheter kopplade till att befinna sig i en ny kulturell och samhällelig kontext. Allt detta kan hämma en positiv utveckling av hälsa, integration och funktionsförmåga. – Att hantera svårigheter: En balans mellan olika strategier. Copingstrategier (strategier för att med tankar och beteenden hantera svårigheter) såsom undvikande, flykt och positivt tänkande, kan fungera främjande men ibland också hindrande för hälsa, integration och funktionsförmåga. Religion kan upplevas som betydelsefull för välmående och förmåga att hantera svårigheter. – Vardagsmiljöer: Stödjande relationer, inflytande i boende och tillgång till skola och aktiviteter är viktigt. Ensamkommande barn och unga framhåller stöd, goda relationer och eget inflytande i boendet samt måltider i boendet som viktiga, oberoende av boendeform. Skolan upplevs som viktig för inlärning, välmående och relationer. Betydelsen av stöd och råd från vuxna i skola och i förhållande till skola och utbildning understryks. När det gäller skolan som plats för att utveckla relationer med jämnåriga beskrivs både positiva och negativa erfarenheter. Fritidsaktiviteter beskrivs som viktiga för att må bra, för att bygga sociala relationer och återskapa mening i tillvaron. – Relationer: Stöd och vägledning från vuxna är betydelsefullt, kontakt med jämnåriga viktigt men också svårt. Ensamkommande barn och unga lyfter betydelsen av vägledning, stöd, kontinuitet men också möjligheter till inflytande och självständighet i relation till vuxna. Relationer till jämnåriga upplevs som viktigt men också svårt. Relationer till biologisk familj innebär både saknad och stöd. Beroende på kvaliteten i de olika relationerna kan de fungera hämmande eller främjande för välbefinnande och utveckling. – Socialtjänst och hälso- och sjukvård: Varierande uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av stöd och behov. Ensamkommande barn och unga upplever socialtjänsten som viktig för grundläggande stöd, men också att stödet inte är tillräckligt. De uttrycker varierande uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av psykologiskt stöd från hälso- och sjukvården. – Identitet och tillhörighet: Att få ihop det förflutna, nuet och framtiden. Ensamkommande barn och unga strävar efter att både bevara modersmål och kultur och att anpassa sig till det nya landet samt att bevara relationer till personer i ursprungslandet och att stödja dem. De kan kämpa med att få ihop sin tillhörighet. Religion kan vara ett sätt att skapa en kontinuitet i tillvaron. * Teman på nivå tre är formulerade så att de centrala budskapen ska framgå. De har använts för att ordna och presentera resultatet på ett enkelt och läsvänligt sätt. Temana har kondenserats utifrån samtliga andra nivåns teman, oavsett evidensstyrka.
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| 3. |
- Bergstrand, Anna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of PEI-PEG and PLL-PEG Copolymer Coatings on the Prevention of Protein Fouling
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 88:3, s. 608-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of surface charge on the protein resistance of adsorbed layers of poly(ethylene imine)-[g]poly(ethylene glycol), PEI-PEG, and poly(L-lysine)-[g]poly(ethylene glycol), PLL-PEG, was studied. Mixed and monofunctional self-assembled monolayers, SAMs, on gold were obtained by adsorption of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanoic acid and 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol. The surface charge was systematically varied by changing the ratio of the two alkanethiols. The graft copolymers PEI-PEG and PLL-PEG were adsorbed at the SAMs and tested for resistance towards human serum albumin and fibrinogen. The adsorbed amount of copolymers increased with increasing negative surface charge. However, the best protein resistance was found at an intermediate surface charge. The PLL-PEG covered Surfaces showed better protein resistance than the PEI-PEG covered surfaces. Thus, this work demonstrates that an adsorbed layer of PEG-grafted PEI and, in particular, PEG-grafted PLL is efficient in preventing protein adsorption when there is charge neutralization between the copolymer and the underlying surface.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Significant others' influence on participation in everyday life : the perspectives of persons with early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 42:3, s. 385-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe the meaning of significant others in relation to participation in everyday life of persons with early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and methods: Fifty-nine persons participated in this interview study. Inclusion criteria were three years’ experience of diagnosis and being of working age. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using critical incident technique (CIT), and the material was analysed using content analysis. Results: Four categories were revealed: (1) My early RA causes activity adaptations for us all, referring to the person and significant others modifying activities. (2) Making the significant others balance between shortfalls and participation, where the participants distinguished between needing help and feeling involved in activities. (3) Physical interactions with significant others, referring to both the problematic and manageable impact RA could have on body contact. (4) Emotions in relation to activities with others, where participants described feelings of failing others, and anxiety about future activities. Conclusions: For persons with early diagnosed RA, significant others can be both hindering and facilitating for participation in everyday life. As a clinical implication, it is valuable to identify how significant others can be involved in the rehabilitation process, to enhance participation in everyday life early in the disease process.Implications for rehabilitation Significant others of persons with rheumatoid arthritis can facilitate as well as hinder participation in everyday life, even early in the disease process. It is important to include the significant others in the rehabilitation process of persons with early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. It is of great importance to identify when and how significant others can be facilitators of participation in everyday life for persons with early rheumatoid arthritis. To make it easier for significant others to facilitate participation, there is a need for the healthcare system to explore ways to support significant others with easily accessible information about early rheumatoid arthritis.
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| 7. |
- Bialik, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ionization of Cellobiose in Aqueous Alkali and the Mechanism of Cellulose Dissolution
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-7185. ; 7:24, s. 5044-5048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources, is insoluble in most common solvents but dissolves in aqueous alkali under a narrow range of conditions. To elucidate the solubilization mechanism, we performed electrophoretic NMR on cellobiose, a subunit of cellulose, showing that cellobiose acts as an acid with two dissociation steps at pH 12 and 13.5. Chemical shift differences between cellobiose in NaOH and NaCl were estimated using 2D NMR and compared to DFT shift differences upon deprotonation. The dissociation steps are the deprotonation of the hemiacetal OH group and the deprotonation of one of four OH groups on the nonreducing anhydroglucose unit. MD simulations reveal that aggregation is suppressed upon charging cellulose chains in solution. Our findings strongly suggest that cellulose is to a large extent charged in concentrated aqueous alkali, a seemingly crucial factor for solubilization. This insight, overlooked in the current literature, is important for understanding cellulose dissolution and for synthesis of new sustainable materials.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Guo, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A Porosimetric Mapping of Breadcrumb Structures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food Biophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1858 .- 1557-1866. ; 8:3, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ice crystals in frozen bread are substantially shaped by the complex pore structures of crumb. In this study we inspected the breadcrumb porosity of ice-filled pores from the profiles of ice crystals mapped by differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Two types of wheat bread containing different amounts of dietary fiber and sugar were studied after frozen storage at -18 A degrees C for 3 weeks. Both pore sizes and pore size distributions were derived via comparing the measurements to those of water-saturated mesoporous silica (MCM-41 C18) with a well-defined pore size distribution. Good consistency was shown for the crumb pore structures obtained using the two techniques. Both bread types featured broad nanometer ranges of pore sizes characterized with largely bimodal size distributions. Besides, the frozen high-fiber bread displayed a higher proportion of large pores and a broader pore size distribution than the high-sugar bread. By comparing such pore size distributions with those obtained previously for the corresponding fresh bread, it can be concluded that structural differences between the two bread types were produced during the frozen storage, manifesting the disparate freezing performances of bread with different formulations.
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| 9. |
- de la Motte, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Fashion and Textile Recycling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The clothing and textile industry is a resource-intensive industry, and accounts for 3 to 10 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions [...]
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| 10. |
- Dorell, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences With Family Health Conversations at Residential Homes for Older People
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1054-7738 .- 1552-3799. ; 25:5, s. 560-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to highlight family members' experiences of participating in Family Health Conversation (FamHC), based on families in which a family member was living in a residential home for older people. A total of 10 families and 22 family members participated in evaluating family interviews 1 month after participating in FamHC. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The main finding was being a part of FamHC increased family members' insights, understanding, and communication within the family. Getting confirmation from nurses was essential to cope with the new life situation, which also meant that they felt comfortable to partly hand over the responsibility for the older person who moved to the residential home. By being open and expressing their feelings, a bad conscience could be relieved. These findings showed that FamHC could be helpful for family members in adapting to this novel situation.
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| 11. |
- Dorell, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Family Health Conversations have positive outcomes on families : A mixed method study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1874-4346. ; :11, s. 14-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A Family Systems Nursing intervention, “Family Health Conversations” (FamHC) was conducted in order to strengthen the health of families having relatives at residential home for older people. Having a family member living in a residential home affects the entire family and can be hard to handle. Family members require encouraging and open communication support from nurse during and after relocation to a residential home.Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the responses to and effects of the Family Health Conversations in families with a member living at a residential home for older people and to integrate the empirical results with a theoretical assumption upon which the intervention was based.Methods: A mixed method research design was used. The Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life Survey and the Family Hardiness Index were administered before and 6 months after the intervention. Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with each family 6 months post-intervention. The sample included families of residents, a total of 10 families comprising 22 family members.Result: Main finding was that FamHCs helped family members process their feelings about having a member living at a residential home and made it easier for them to deal with their own situations. FamHCs helped to ease their consciences, improve their emotional well-being, and change their beliefs about their own insufficiency and guilt. Seeing problems from a different perspective facilitated the families’ thinking in a new way.Conclusion: These findings showed that FamHC can be an important type of intervention to improve family functioning and enhance the emotional well-being.
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| 12. |
- Dorell, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' perspective of conducting family conversation
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Nurses are in a prime position to manage to support families that have a family member living in a residential home for older people. Nurses' attitudes about meeting patients' family members vary. Studies describe that some nurses consider family members as a burden. But some nurses consider family members a resource and think it is important to establish good relationships with them.AIM: The aim of this study was to describe how registered nurses (RNs) experienced to participate in and conduct the intervention Family Health Conversations (FamHCs) with families in residential homes for older people.METHODS: The intervention FamHC was accomplished at three residential homes for older people. FamHC is a family systems nursing (FSN) intervention developed to support families facing the ill health of someone in the family. One RN from each residential home conducted the conversations. The RNs wrote diary notes directly after each conversation. The RNs were also interviewed 1 month after they had each conducted four FamHCs. The diary notes and the interviews were analysed separately by qualitative content analysis, and the findings were then summarized in one theme and further discussed together.FINDINGS: The main findings were that the RNs experience the conversations as a valuable professional tool involving the whole family. The RNs grasped that silence can be a valuable tool and had learned to attentively listen to what the families were saying without interrupting, allowing them and the families to reflect upon what the family members said.CONCLUSION: The findings show that the FamHC can be helpful for RNs in their work, helping them to perceive and understand the needs and desires of the families.
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| 13. |
- Dorell, Åsa, 1974-
(författare)
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Tröst genom hälsostödjande familjesamtal : upplevelser och effekter av en familjecentrerad intervention
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the experiences of nurses and families participated in Family Health Conversations (FamHC) and the effects of this intervention on those families with a family member living in a residential home for older people. Methods: This thesis comprises four studies. The FamHC were structured as three conversations held at two-week intervals and a closing letter. In two of the studies (I and II), group interviews with family members were interpreted using qualitative content analysis. A mixed-method research design was used in study three (III). Data were collected through group interviews with families and by using the instruments FHI and SWED-QUAL completed by the family members. The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed and then integrated. In the fourth study (IV), registered nurses who had performed the FamHC participated in individual interviews after they had completed four conversation series each. The RNs also wrote diary notes about what they experienced directly after conducting each conversation. The interviews and diary notes were interpreted with qualitative content analyses. Result: The findings from study I one month after participating in the conversations showed that the families felt alleviated from guilty consciences. The FamHC gave the family members confirmation that they were, indeed, good enough. Study II showed that, six months after participating in the conversations, the families had experienced the FamHC as healing because the sharing and reflections through dialogue within the conversations mediated confirmation, which made the families feel consoled. Study III revealed that the families’ emotional wellbeing had increased six months after participating in the FamHC. The families also showed an improved ability to work together. In study IV, the nurses reported that the FamHC was a useful care action in their work with families. Conclusion: The overall conclusion from the findings is that the families were consoled by participating in the FamHC. The conversations offered an arena for families to listen to each other’s narration which provided a better relationship and cooperation within the family and a greater sense of well-being for the family members.
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| 14. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Enacting Journalistic Authority : The Communicative Challenges and Competences of Live Two-Way Correspondents in Swedish Public Service Broadcasting
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journalism Practice. - : Routledge. - 1751-2786 .- 1751-2794.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whenever a major event flares up in the world, we are bound to be met by correspondents reporting live on the news. The correspondents are typically promoted as authoritative voices. Their live talk is delivered in “the live two-way,” a broadcast interaction between the presenter and the correspondent on location. Focusing on live reporting during the Ukraine–Russia war (2022–), this study analyses the communicative work that goes on in the live two-way, and how correspondents handle the tasks related to the enactments of epistemic authority. A conceptual framework is applied defining the communicative and epistemic dimension of the live two-way. This study applies a discourse approach and focuses on experienced correspondents in Swedish public service. Data consists of 30 live two-ways and interviews with 5 of the journalists about planning and execution of the live reporting. Results show how practices and roles separated in other genres of news are integrated in the complex work of the correspondent who is expected to fluently report from location, convey a sense of being there, present facts, and analyse and explain. This study indicates different styles of reporting when correspondents alternate between a careful and confident stance as they balance their commitments to truth.
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| 15. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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The live two-way from the war in Ukraine: Epistemic authority and the balancing of commitments to truth in news reporting
- 2022
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Ingår i: the 30th ROSS PRIORY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADCAST TALK, “Conflict and Neutralism”, 11-13 July, 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reporting live from an ongoing war poses major challenges for a journalism claiming to offer the audience relevant and reliable information. The war in Ukraine is no exception. What can be known with sufficient certainty in such complex and constantly changing course of events, and the related situation of information warfare and propaganda? In broadcast news reporting from the war in Ukraine, various forms of the live two-way (Montgomery, 2007) have a central role. Correspondents and reporters on location are interviewed regularly. They are expected to have access to exclusive knowledge within important domains of knowledge (epistemic status), but must at the same time handle uncertainty in the information provided to the audience. In this paper, we analyse live two-ways from Swedish public service and the BBC. We draw on previous studies on the construction of expertise and epistemic claims in the live two-way (e.g. Ekström and Kroon 2011) and ask the following overarching question: How are the epistemic claims and the commitments to truth constructed and balanced in the live two-way? More specifically, we investigate: (1) what the reporters/correspondents are supposed to have knowledge about and what they comment on; (2) the actions they perform (observations, analyses, explanations, predictions, etc.); (3) how they know what they know (for example, references to sources); (4) how certainty/uncertainty is displayed in modality, markers of uncertainty, etc. Our data include a selection of 30 live interviews with correspondents and reporters on location, in news on radio and TV, in Swedish public service and BBC. We will exemplify and discuss recurring practices in the design and balancing of knowledge claims. The results show differences between the constructions of high commitments to truth, in which the access to exclusive knowledge assumed in the questions are maintained in the answers provided by correspondents/reporters. Furthermore, the performances are characterized by circumspection in repeated disclaimers and indications of uncertainty.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Fogelberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cultivar and inoculant on yields of faba beans (Vicia faba minor) and subsequent spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Scandinavian cropping conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3218. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inoculation of legumes is generally considered to increase yield and to lower the need of nitrogen (N) fertilization, especially in semiarid regions and on sandy soils. It has not been clear whether inoculation with Rhizobium sp. in cropping of faba beans (Vicia faba minor) under Swedish conditions would improve yield and protein content. In 2015–2016, three faba bean cultivars and two strains of Rhizobium were studied in field trials in Central Sweden, including analyses of N fixation capacities using 15N abundance. The study did not show any effects of inoculation of Rhizobium on yield or protein content of faba beans or subsequent spring wheat yields. Yields of faba beans varied between cultivars but were not connected to inoculation. 15N abundance was influenced by rhizobium. The study cannot support the opinion that, generally, inoculation is beneficial for improved outcome of faba bean cropping under Scandinavian field conditions. No residual effect of inoculation on subsequent spring wheat yield was found. Copyright © 2023 Fogelberg, Östlund and Myrbeck.
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| 18. |
- Ganda Mall, John-Peter, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Are self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms among older adults associated with increased intestinal permeability and psychological distress?
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the substantial number of older adults suffering from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms little is known regarding the character of these complaints and whether they are associated with an altered intestinal barrier function and psychological distress. Our aim was to explore the relationship between self-reported gut health, intestinal permeability and psychological distress among older adults.METHODS: Three study populations were included: 1) older adults with GI symptoms (n = 24), 2) a group of older adults representing the general elderly population in Sweden (n = 22) and 3) senior orienteering athletes as a potential model of healthy ageing (n = 27). Questionnaire data on gut-health, psychological distress and level of physical activity were collected. Intestinal permeability was measured by quantifying zonulin in plasma. The level of systemic and local inflammation was monitored by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP), hydrogen peroxide in plasma and calprotectin in stool samples. The relationship between biomarkers and questionnaire data in the different study populations was illustrated using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA).RESULTS: Older adults with GI symptoms displayed significantly higher levels of both zonulin and psychological distress than both general older adults and senior orienteering athletes. The PCA analysis revealed a separation between senior orienteering athletes and older adults with GI symptoms and showed an association between GI symptoms, psychological distress and zonulin.CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with GI symptoms express increased plasma levels of zonulin, which might reflect an augmented intestinal permeability. In addition, this group suffer from higher psychological distress compared to general older adults and senior orienteering athletes. This relationship was further confirmed by a PCA plot, which illustrated an association between GI symptoms, psychological distress and intestinal permeability.
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| 19. |
- Gunnarsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
CO2 capturing and the influence on cellulose dissolution in the NaOH(aq) system
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 15th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp. ; , s. 419-422
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The narrow dissolution window for cellulose in NaOH(aq) is a limiting factor in the production of regenerated cellulose materials, which is why understanding of the molecular interactions in this solvent system is of the highest importance. In this work, we highlight the interaction between cellulose and CO2 in NaOH(aq). The model compound methyl α-D-glycopyranoside (MeO-Glcp) was used to compare the difference of the dissolved state in NaCl(aq) and NaOH(aq), including both pre and post-dissolution addition of CO2. N MR a nd A TR-IR spectroscopy as well as ocular observations were used in the evaluation. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy showed a clear change in chemical shift of the MeO-Glcp when dissolved in NaOH(aq) compared to NaCl(aq), which is a result of deprotonation. Interestingly, the addition of CO2 either pre or post-dissolution of MeO-Glcp in NaOH(aq) affected the chemical shifts differently (apart from the expected change in pH). With quantitative 13C NMR measurements, the uptake of CO2 was found to be more than twice as high when the CO2 was added post-dissolution of MeO-Glcp in NaOH(aq) compared to prior to dissolution. This suggests that specific interactions occur between CO2 and MeO-Glcp when the latter is dissolved prior to the addition of CO2, which could be attributed to the deprotonated state of MeO-Glcp. Furthermore, the dissolved state of cellulose in NaOH(aq) was visually shown to iffer in terms of pre or post-dissolution addition of CO2. Post-dissolution addition of CO2 resulted in the formation of a gelled structure when solutions was left to age in room temperature for two weeks. ATR-IR spectroscopy of materials regenerated from the aged solutions confirmed the introduction of a n ew waveband corresponding to CO2 out-of-phase stretching confirming the sorption of CO2 on cellulose when dissolved in NaOH(aq).
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| 20. |
- Gunnarsson, M., et al.
(författare)
-
The CO2 capturing ability of cellulose dissolved in NaOH(aq) at low temperature
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 20:14, s. 3279-3286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we explore the intrinsic ability of cellulose dissolved in NaOH(aq) to reversibly capture CO2. The stability of cellulose solutions differed significantly when adding CO2 prior to or after the dissolution of cellulose. ATR-IR spectroscopy on cellulose regenerated from the solutions, using ethanol, revealed the formation of a new carbonate species likely to be cellulose carbonate. To elucidate the interaction of cellulose with CO2 at the molecular level, a C-13 NMR spectrum was recorded on methyl -d-glucopyranoside (MeO-Glcp), a model compound, dissolved in NaOH(aq), which showed a difference in chemical shift when CO2 was added prior to or after the dissolution of MeO-Glcp, without a change in pH. The uptake of CO2 was found to be more than twice as high when CO2 was added to a solution after the dissolution of MeO-Glcp. Altogether, a mechanism for the observed CO2 capture is proposed, involving the formation of an intermediate cellulose carbonate upon the reaction of a cellulose alkoxide with CO2. The intermediate was observed as a captured carbonate structure only in regenerated samples, while its corresponding NMR peak in solution was absent. The reason for this is plausibly a rather fast hydrolysis of the carbonate intermediate by water, leading to the formation of CO32-, and thus increased capture of CO2. The potential of using carbohydrates as CO2 capturing agents in NaOH(aq) is shown to be simple and resource-effective in terms of the capture and regeneration of CO2.
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| 21. |
- Gunnarsson, Maria, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
The CO2 capturing ability of cellulose dissolved in NaOH(aq) at low temperature
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 20:14, s. 3279-3286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we explore the intrinsic ability of cellulose dissolved in NaOH(aq) to reversibly capture CO2. The stability of cellulose solutions differed significantly when adding CO2 prior to or after the dissolution of cellulose. ATR-IR spectroscopy on cellulose regenerated from the solutions, using ethanol, revealed the formation of a new carbonate species likely to be cellulose carbonate. To elucidate the interaction of cellulose with CO2 at the molecular level, a C-13 NMR spectrum was recorded on methyl -d-glucopyranoside (MeO-Glcp), a model compound, dissolved in NaOH(aq), which showed a difference in chemical shift when CO2 was added prior to or after the dissolution of MeO-Glcp, without a change in pH. The uptake of CO2 was found to be more than twice as high when CO2 was added to a solution after the dissolution of MeO-Glcp. Altogether, a mechanism for the observed CO2 capture is proposed, involving the formation of an intermediate cellulose carbonate upon the reaction of a cellulose alkoxide with CO2. The intermediate was observed as a captured carbonate structure only in regenerated samples, while its corresponding NMR peak in solution was absent. The reason for this is plausibly a rather fast hydrolysis of the carbonate intermediate by water, leading to the formation of CO32-, and thus increased capture of CO2. The potential of using carbohydrates as CO2 capturing agents in NaOH(aq) is shown to be simple and resource-effective in terms of the capture and regeneration of CO2.
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| 22. |
- Hedin, Jesper, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
UV Induced Cross-linking of Starch Modified with Glycidyl Methacrylate
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 79:3, s. 606-613
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new way to substitute cornstarch with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers is presented. This synthetic modification, carried out in DMSO, resulted in a DOS of 0.08. By exposing a water solution with modified starch and potassium persulfate (KPS), a radical initiator, to UV-light a free radical vinyl polymerization reaction is initiated making the starch solution chemically cross-link into a gel. The GMA modification increased the hydrophobicity of the polymer making it less water-soluble, increasing the adsorption tendency to a hydrophobic surface as seen in quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) studies. The surface cross-linking process of the modified starch showed that after cross-linking the solubility of the polymer decreased resulting in a stronger adsorbed polymer to the surface compared to the non-modified starch. This proves that even though it is generally believed to be more difficult to cross-link polymers at surfaces this particular modification allowed for near complete cross-linking as suggested by the QCM-D data.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Henningsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
The Exhibition Hall at Carolina Rediviva – Uppsala University Library : Catalogue of the Permanent Exhibition
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In 2017 parts of the building Carolina Rediviva were to be renovated. In preparation for this, a decision was made to move the library’s Exhibition Hall, which had been located in the northern part of the building since 1917, to the south side and redesign it. At the same time, the existing permanent exhibition, Expo Rediviva, would be closed and replaced.Inauguration of the new Exhibition Hall took place on 14 June 2019 in conjunction with celebration of the 350th anniversary of the magnificent donation of manuscripts by University Chancellor Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie. The donation was given to the University Library on 14 June 1669 and included the treasure of all treasures, Codex Argenteus.The new permanent exhibition includes three showcases on the right side of the hall (seen from the entrance) and three separate artefacts – the Codex Argenteus, Carta Marina and the Map of Mexico-Tenochtitlán. The exhibition is chronological, with the first showcase covering the period up to 1500, the second up to 1700 and the third to around 1900.The texts in this catalogue have been written jointly by the book’s editors. However, many of the texts are based on information and formulations by several generations of librarians before us. Much of the material in the exhibition has been described in articles and shown in exhibitions before. In this way, a body of knowledge has been built up within the Library.
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| 25. |
- Henningsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Utställningssalen i Carolina Rediviva – Uppsala universitetsbibliotek : Katalog över den permanenta utställningen
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inför ombyggnaden av Carolina Rediviva 2017–2019 beslutades att bibliotekets utställningssal, som funnits i den norra delen av byggnaden sedan 1917, skulle flyttas till den södra sidan och få ny inredning och utformning. Samtidigt skulle den dåvarande utställningen, Expo Rediviva, avslutas och en ny arrangeras.Invigningen av den nya utställningssalen skedde den 14 juni 2019 och samordnades med firandet av 350-årsjubileet av universitetskansler Magnus Gabriel De la Gardies storslagna donation av handskrifter, däribland klenoden bland klenoder, Silverbibeln, som den 14 juni 1669 överlämnades till universitetsbiblioteket.Den nya permanenta utställningen omfattar de tre montrarna på salens högra sida (sett från ingången), samt tre enskilda föremål – Silverbibeln, Carta marina och kartan över Mexico City. Utställningen är kronologiskt uppbyggd där första montern omfattar tiden fram till 1500, den andra fram till 1700 och den tredje fram till ca 1900. Den som vill kan följa någon av de trådar som så att säga är inbyggda i utställningen, exempelvis materialitet, vetenskapernas utveckling, kvinnans ställning i samhället, musik och kartor.Texterna i föreliggande katalog har skrivits gemensamt av bokens redaktörer. Många av texterna bygger dock på uppgifter och formuleringar som har utformats av tidigare generationer bibliotekarier. Mycket av materialet i utställningen har redan beskrivits i artiklar och visats i utställningar. På så sätt har en kunskapsbank byggts upp inom biblioteket ur vilken information har kunnat återvinnas i arbetet med denna katalog.
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| 26. |
- Jaldestad, Ellen
(författare)
-
Job Crafting: Changing and adapting work as one piece of the puzzle for a sustainable working life
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: This thesis focuses on job crafting as one way to increase work-related well-being and enable people to extend their working lives. The studies included were conducted within two different contexts, namely the manufacturing industry and public healthcare. These two contexts struggle with, for example, challenging working environments and staff shortages, as well as enabling older workers to extend their working lives. Job crafting, an active form of job redesign, can be defined as employees actively changing the physical and cognitive boundaries of work to better suit the person’s abilities and desires. These kinds of bottom-up-driven strategies to change and adapt work have been found to increase employee well-being and productivity, as well as reduce staff turnover. According to previous research, job crafting thus has positive effects on both people at work and their organizations. Previous research also shows that organizational structures as well as individual factors can facilitate and enhance employees’ job crafting. There is, however, a lack of studies focusing on how to best promote and facilitate employee-driven job crafting in practice. Aim: This thesis aimed to explore job crafting as one part of a health-promoting and extended working life. Job crafting was analysed in relation to an extended working life among blue-collar workers in one company in the manufacturing industry, and in relation to being able to work and feel well within public healthcare and manufacturing industry. Methods: Data was collected at one global manufacturing company and different workplaces within Swedish public healthcare. In the manufacturing company, data was collected from 100 blue-collar workers as part of an age management project focusing on factors influencing employees’ retirement decisions. The respondents represented older employees in three different countries: Sweden, the Netherlands, and France. These respondents completed a questionnaire and participated in semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was descriptively analysed and the qualitative data was analysed with content analysis. Within public healthcare, a questionnaire was first administered to 421 healthcare employees at two times (T1-T2), six to eight months apart. A response rate of 59% provided data from 250 respondents. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 healthcare employees and five managers. The quantitative data from the survey was analysed with SEM analysis, whereas the qualitative data was analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: Factors that influenced blue-collar workers’ decisions about retirement and an extended working life included perceived health and economic situation, task characteristics, support from colleagues and managers, work autonomy and work setup, and national pension schemes. Job crafting strategies that were perceived as health-promoting among blue-collar workers included adapting work whenever possible, asking colleagues for help to finish work, and changing their way of thinking about work. For some, these strategies were considered as contributing to being able to extend working life. Among the healthcare employees, health-promoting job crafting strategies included asking for new assignments and opportunities for professional development, organizing work in close cooperation with others, and involving patients in the planning of daily activities. These strategies were derived from different motives, including crafting for their development, crafting for a common good, crafting for manageability, and crafting for meaningfulness in work. Working conditions such as having support from managers and colleagues, and formal autonomy in work, facilitated job crafting among the healthcare employees. The health-promoting crafting strategies were connected to increasing work-related sense of coherence through comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Job crafting strategies and motives were said to change over time, for example in relation to work-life balance and work experience, among respondents in both contexts. Within both contexts, it was also indicated that a strong inner drive for personal development sometimes outweighed hindering structural conditions when employees crafted for their development and manageability in work. Conclusions: Factors that influenced the retirement decisions were found on different levels within the blue-collar workers’ work context. Perceived antecedents of health-promoting job crafting among the respondents within both contexts in this thesis were found in organizational structures, workplace conditions, and individual factors. Job crafting motives and strategies were also said to change over time and were influenced by both individual factors and workplace-related conditions. From the findings in this thesis, it is suggested to further explore how to facilitate job crafting on the different work-system levels, as well as to plan job crafting interventions directed to healthcare employees and older blue-collar workers within the manufacturing industry.
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| 27. |
- Jones, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunities within COST – A Swedish Perspective
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 10th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science & Engineering (WSE 2014). - : Edinburgh Napier University.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Köhnke, Tobias, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption of Arabinoxylan on Cellulosic Surfaces: Influence of Degree of Substitution and Substitution Pattern on Adsorption Characteristics
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 12:7, s. 2633-2641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents results that show that the fine structure of arabinoxylan affects its interaction with cellulosic surfaces, an important understanding when designing and evaluating properties of xylan-cellulose-based materials. Arabinoxylan samples, with well-defined structures, were prepared from a wheat flour arabinoxylan with targeted enzymatic hydrolysis. Turbidity measurements and analyses using NMR diffusometry showed that the solubility and the hydrodynamic properties of arabinoxylan are determined not only by the degree of substitution but also by the substitution pattern. On the basis of results obtained from adsorption experiments on microcrystalline cellulose particles and on cellulosic model surfaces investigated with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, it was also found that arabinoxylan adsorbs irreversibly on cellulosic surfaces and that the adsorption characteristics, as well as the properties of the adsorbed layer, are controlled by the fine structure of the xylan molecule.
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| 29. |
- Martinelli, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Insights into the interplay between molecular structure and diffusional motion in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids. A combined PFG NMR and X-ray scattering study.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 15:15, s. 5510-5517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on how the local structure and the diffusional motion change on increased alkyl chain length in 1-alkyl-3- methylimidazolium cation ionic liquids. This study has been performed by combining pulse field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments. The cationic side chain length varies from ethyl (n=2) to hexadodecyl (n=16), while the anion is always bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI). We find that the self-diffusivity of the individual ionic species is correlated to the local structure in the corresponding ionic liquid, namely the nano-segregation into polar and non-polar domains. In agreement with previous results, we observe that for relatively short alkyl chains the cations diffuse faster than the anions; however we also note that this difference becomes less evident for longer alkyl chains and a cross-over is identified at n≈8 with the anions diffusing faster than the cations. Our results indicate that this controversial behavior can be rationalized in terms of different type of cation–cation and anion–anion orderings, as revealed by a detailed analysis of the correlation lengths and their dispersion curves obtained from SAXS data. We also discuss the validity of the Stokes-Einstein relation in these ionic liquids and the evolution of the ex- trapolated cationic radius that we find to depend non strictly linearly on n, in agreement with the cation-cation correlation lenghts.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Medronho, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclodextrin-grafted cellulose: Physico-chemical characterization
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 93:1, s. 324-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclodextrins (CDs) can form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of molecules making them very attractive in different areas, such as pharmaceutics, biochemistry, food chemistry and textile. In this communication we will report on the physico-chemical characterization of cellulose modified with CDs by means of infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), cross polarization magic angle spinning solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Both CP-MAS NMR and FTIR indicate that CDs are chemically attached to cellulose backbone through the formation of ester bonds. Furthermore, the CD-grafted cellulose was dissolved in a "superphosphoric" acid solution but, despite the increase of hydrophilicity due to the modification, POM revealed that grafted cellulose was less soluble when compared to the unmodified polymer. The formation of a complex CD-cellulose network is suggested.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Porsch, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
In Vitro Evaluation of Non-Protein Adsorbing Breast Cancer Theranostics Based on 19F-Polymer Containing Nanoparticles
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Particle and Particle Systems Characterization. - : Wiley. - 0934-0866 .- 1521-4117. ; 30:4, s. 381-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized, loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), and evaluated as theranostic delivery platforms to breast cancer cells. The multifunctional NPs are formed by self-assembly of either linear or star-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers, with fluorinated segments incorporated in the hydrophilic corona of the carrier. The sizes of the NPs confirm that small circular NPs are formed. The release kinetics data of the particles reveals clear hydrophobic core dependence, with longer sustained release from particles with larger hydrophobic cores, suggesting that the DOX release from these carriers can be tailored. Viability assays and flow cytometry evaluation of the ratios of apoptosis/necrosis indicate that the materials are non-toxic to breast cancer cells before DOX loading; however, they are very efficient, similar to free DOX, at killing cancer cells after drug encapsulation. Both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirm the cellular uptake of NPs and DOX-NPs into breast cancer cells, and in vitro 19F-MRI measurement shows that the fluorinated NPs have strong imaging signals, qualifying them as a potential in vivo contrast agent for 19F-MRI.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wedin, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of recycled viscose fibres after removal of a reactive dye combination and an easy care finish agent
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Textile-to-textile recycling from cotton textiles can be done either mechanically or chemically. In chemical textile recycling of cotton there are challenges to overcome in order to regenerate new fibres. Two of the challenges among others are reactive dyes and wrinkle-free finishes that could disturb the regeneration process steps since these finishes are covalently linked to the cellulose.This poster discusses the impact of using a novel alkaline/acid bleaching sequence to strip reactive dyes and wrinkle-free finish (DMDHEU) from cotton textile for production of regenerated viscose fibre properties. The results might generate a promising step forward to overcome quality challenges for cellulosic chemical recycling.
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| 37. |
- Wedin, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation of Viscose Fibres Stripped of Reactive Dyes and Wrinkle-Free Crosslinked Cotton Textile Finish
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-2543 .- 1572-8919. ; 26:9, s. 3603-3612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical recycling of cellulosic fibres may represent a next-generation fibre–fibre recycling system for cotton textiles, though remaining challenges include how to accommodate fibre blends, dyes, wrinkle-free finishes, and other impurities from finishing. These challenges may disrupt the regeneration process steps and reduce the fibre quality. This study examines the impact on regenerated viscose fibre properties of a novel alkaline/acid bleaching sequence to strip reactive dyes and dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneureas (DMDHEU) wrinkle-free finish from cotton textiles. Potentially, such a bleaching sequence could advantageously be integrated into the viscose process, reducing the costs and environmental impact of the product. The study investigates the spinning performance and mechanical properties (e.g., tenacity and elongation) of the regenerated viscose fibres. The alkaline/acid bleaching sequence was found to strip the reactive dye and DMDHEU wrinkle-free finish from the cotton fabric, so the resulting pulp could successfully be spun into viscose fibres, though the mechanical properties of these fibres were worse than those of commercial viscose fibres. This study finds that reactive dyes and DMDHEU wrinkle-free finish affect the viscose dope quality and the regeneration performance. The results might lead to progress in overcoming quality challenges in cellulosic chemical recycling.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Östlund, Ann-Sofi, 1974-
(författare)
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Motivational Interviewing in Primary Care : Nurses´ experiences and actual use of the method
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim of the present thesis was to describe and examine primary care nurses´ self-reports on training, use and performance as well as experiences and actual performance of MI.Method: One qualitative and three quantitative studies were conducted among primary care nurses. A study-specific questionnaire was sent to 980 primary care nurses and 673 (69%) responded (Study I). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 MI trained primary care nurses (Study II). MI sessions between 12 (Study III) respective 23 (Study IV) primary care nurses and patients (total 32 respective 50 sessions) were audio-recorded. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, Motivational Interviewing Integrity Code, Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges and statistical analysis.Results: The findings showed that primary care nurses reported and experienced lack of training in MI and lack of prerequisites for using MI (Study I-II), while training, knowledge, prerequisites and time were associated with use of MI. They also reported and experienced that MI facilitated their work with patients (Study I-II) as well as elicited their own ability to motivate and be empathetic (Study II). About half of the primary care nurses reported that they used MI (Study I), and none of the nurses (Study III) achieved the approved skill levels in MI in their recorded sessions. They overestimated their performance on six of eight aspects of MI (Study III). The most frequently used nurse talk in the recorded sessions was neutral, which is not consistent with MI. Questions and reflections directed toward change were most likely to be followed by change talk among patients (Study IV).Conclusions: Self-reported knowledge about MI and personal as well as workplace prerequisites for using it were associated with self-reported use of MI. Participating nurses´ experienced that MI requires openness, practice, support, feedback and willingness. The participating primary care nurses did not achieve approved levels of MI skills in their recorded MI sessions. Patients´ change talk is more likely to occur after open questions, complex reflections as well as after questions and reflections directed toward change.
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| 41. |
- Östlund, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of cognitive and visual load in real and simulated driving
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A simulator and a field experiment were conducted to study the effects of visual and cognitive load on driving performance, and also to assess the validity on the VTI simulator as a tool for studying the effects of distraction. It was found that visual load resulted in deteriorated lateral control and to some extent reduced speed control, although there was a clear effect of the drivers reducing their speed and increasing the steering activity in order to compensate for the increased visual load. Cognitive load resulted in somewhat reduced speed control, but more clearly, increased steering activity and more stable lane keeping. This increase in lateral control was interpreted as the drivers in precaution creating a larger safety margin in case of an unexpected event, which they were assumed to be less capable to react to due to the cognitive load. The simulator validity was found to be very high, except from that less realistic risk in the simulator seemed to result in less level of stress and higher travel speed in the simulator.
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| 42. |
- Östlund, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding in Preterm and Term Twins-Maternal Factors Associated With Early Cessation : A Population-Based Study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Human Lactation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-3344 .- 1552-5732. ; 26:3, s. 235-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the duration of breastfeeding and the impact of maternal factors for cessation of breastfeeding in twin infants, the authors undertook a population-based cohort study. Breastfeeding data obtained from Child Health Centres were matched with data on infant and maternal demographics from Swedish national registers. A total of 1.657 twins were included, of whom 695 were born preterm. Breastfeeding frequencies in preterm twins were 79% at 2 months, 58% at 4 months, 39% at 6 months, 14% at 9 months, and 6% at 12 months. In term twins, the corresponding frequencies were 84%, 63%, 45%, 18%, and 6%, respectively. In both preterm and term mothers, mothers who had a lower educational level or smoked at first antenatal care visit were subject to earlier cessation of breastfeeding by 6 months of age. In addition, in mothers of term infants, mothers who were < 23 years old or primiparous had a higher risk for cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months. Thus, mothers of twins have a good potential to breastfeed, but additional support is needed for those more susceptible to early cessation of breastfeeding.
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| 43. |
- Östlund, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical Recycling of Textile Fibres
- 2018. - 2
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Fibre Toolkit 2018. - Stockholm : Stiftelsen Svensk Textilforskning. ; , s. 169-171
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Östlund, Åsa, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical Shift Imaging NMR to track gel formation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-7103 .- 0021-9797. ; 344:1, s. 238-240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we have combined (1)H and (19)F NMR chemical shift images to investigate the dynamic processes of gel formation of a cellulose solution. Chemical shift imaging (CSI) NMR is shown to be a valuable technique for studying phase changes in soft materials. The technique provides spatial position of each chemical component, and by repeatedly recording sample images the dynamic rearrangements in the material can be followed in detail. CSI NMR follows the same principles as magnetic resonance imaging, but can be performed on most of the nowadays commercial NMR probes. Position resolution of the chemical shift gives the opportunity to derive diffusion rate data of individual components during the gel formation process. The results suggest that the method can be used for detailed studies of dynamic processes in multi-component systems and to extract diffusion coefficients for the components investigated.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Östlund, Åsa, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolution and gellation of cellulose in TBAF/DMSO solutions: The role of fluoride ions and water
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:9, s. 2401-2407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solutions of cellulose in a mixture of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) containing small and varying amounts of water were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). By measuring the composition dependences of 19F NMR and 1H NMR chemical shifts and line widths, details on the dissolution and gelation mechanisms for cellulose in TBAF/DMSO were elucidated. Our results suggest that the strongly electronegative fluoride ions act as hydrogen bond acceptors to cellulose hydroxyl groups, thus dissolving the polymer by breaking the cellulose-cellulose hydrogen bonds and by rendering the chains an effective negative charge. It was found that the fluoride ions also interact strongly with water. Small amounts of water remove the fluoride ions from the cellulose chains and allow reformation of the cellulose-cellulose hydrogen bonds, which leads to formation of highly viscous solutions or gels even at low cellulose concentrations.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Östlund, Åsa, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Modification of crystallinity and pore size distribution in coagulated cellulose films
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 20:4, s. 1657-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the effects of altering the coagulation medium during regeneration of cellulose dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, were investigated using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and NMR cryoporometry. In addition, the influence of drying procedure on the structure of regenerated cellulose was studied. Complete conversion of the starting material into regenerated cellulose was seen regardless of the choice of coagulation medium. Coagulation in water predominantly formed cellulose II, whereas coagulation in alcohols mainly generated non-crystalline structures. Subsequent drying of the regenerated cellulose films, induced hornification effects in the form of irreversible aggregation. This was indicated by solid-state NMR as an increase in signal intensity originating from crystalline structures accompanied by a decrease of signal intensity originating from cellulose surfaces. This phenomenon was observed for all used coagulants in this study, but to various degrees with regard to the polarity of the coagulant. From NMR cryoporometry, it was concluded that drying induced hornification generates an increase of nano-sized pores. A bimodal pore size distribution with pore radius maxima of a few nanometers was observed, and this pattern increased as a function of drying. Additionally, cyclic drying and rewetting generated a narrow monomodal pore size pattern. This study implies that the porosity and crystallinity of regenerated cellulose can be manipulated by the choice of drying condition.
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| 50. |
- Östlund, Åsa, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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NMR cryoporometry to study the fiber wall structure and the effect of drying
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 17:2, s. 321-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NMR cryoporometry has been used for investigating the porosity changes of bleached wood pulp upon drying. This NMR method follows the same principles as thermoporosimetry, which has been used for the same purpose during the last decade and makes it possible to investigate porous material in the water-swollen state. In this study bleached softwood kraft pulp was exposed to a series of drying procedures where the decrease in porosity within the fiber cell wall could be characterized for pore radii below 100 nm. This decrease in porosity is called hornification, which is an irreversible collapse of the fiber wall structure during drying and results in decreased uptake of water and reduced swelling of the fiber upon rewetting. Our results have been compared to the traditionally used water retention value (WRV) and correlates well with these. Furthermore, this NMR method could show the reduction of hornification when adsorbing the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan to the fiber.
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