| 1. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Brick patterns on shells using geodesic coordinates
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2017. IASS Annual Symposium 2017; Hamburg, Germany; 25 - 28 September 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present two separate strategies for generating brick patterns on free form shells and vaults using geodesic coordinates. The brickwork is specified by a surface on which there is a geodesic coordinate system satisfying the condition for a constant distance between bed joints. The first strategy integrates the generation of the geodesic coordinates in a form finding procedure derived from the geometrical and mechanical properties of a shell. The geometric and structural equations are solved using dynamicrelaxation. The second strategy can be applied on an arbitrary surface separating the form
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| 2. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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The architectural application of shells whose boundaries subtend a constant solid angle
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computer Aided Geometric Design. - 0167-8396. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface geometry plays a central role in the design of bridges, vaults and shells, using various techniques for generating a geometry which aims to balance structural, spatial, aesthetic and construction requirements. In this paper we propose the use of surfaces defined such that given closed curves subtend a constant solid angle at all points on the surface and form its boundary. Constant solid angle surfaces enable one to control the boundary slope and hence achieve an approximately constant span-to-height ratio as the span varies, making them structurally viable for shell structures. In addition, when the entire surface boundary is in the same plane, the slope of the surface around the boundary is constant and thus follows a principal curvature direction. Such surfaces are suitable for surface grids where planar quadrilaterals meet the surface boundaries. They can also be used as the Airy stress function in the form finding of shells having forces concentrated at the corners. Our technique employs the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to calculate the solid angle of a point in space and Newton's method to move the point onto the constant solid angle surface. We use the Biot-Savart law to find the gradient of the solid angle. The technique can be applied in parallel to each surface point without an initial mesh, opening up for future studies and other applications when boundary curves are known but the initial topology is unknown. We show the geometrical properties, possibilities and limitations of surfaces of constant solid angle using examples in three dimensions.
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| 3. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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The use of virtual work for the formfinding of fabric, shell and gridshell structures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Advances in Architectural Geometry conference 2018. - 9783903015135 ; , s. 286-315
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of the virtual work theorem enables one to derive the equations of static equilibrium of fabric, shell and gridshell structures from the compatibility equations linking the rate of deformation of a surface to variations in its velocity. If the structure is treated as a continuum there is no need to consider its micro-structure provided that the grid is fine compared to the overall geometry. Thus we can include fabrics, ribbed shells, corrugated shells and gridshells with a fine grid, such as the Mannheim Multihalle. The equilibrium equations are almost identical to those obtained by assuming that a shell is thin and of uniform thickness, but are more general in their application. Our formulation introduces the concept of geodesic bending moments which are relevant to gridshell structures with continuous laths. The virtual work theorem is more general than the energy theorems, which it in- cludes as a special case. Hence it can be applied to surfaces which admit some form of potential, including minimal surfaces and hanging fabrics. We can then use the calculus of variations for the minimization of a surface integral to define the form of a structure. Many existing formfinding techniques can be rewritten in this way, but we concen- trate on surfaces which minimize the surface integral of the mean curvature subject to a constraint on the enclosed volume, producing a surface of constant Gaussian curvature. This naturally leads to the more general study of conjugate stress and curvature directions, and hence to quadrilateral mesh gridshells with flat cladding panels and no bending moments in the structural members under own weight.
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| 4. |
- Aguilar, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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VAV3 mediates resistance to breast cancer endocrine therapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 16:3, s. R53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Endocrine therapies targeting cell proliferation and survival mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) are among the most effective systemic treatments for ERalpha-positive breast cancer. However, most tumors initially responsive to these therapies acquire resistance through mechanisms that involve ERalpha transcriptional regulatory plasticity. Here, we identify VAV3 as a critical component in this process.METHODS: A cell-based chemical compound screen was carried out to identify therapeutic strategies against resistance to endocrine therapy. Binding to ERalpha was evaluated by molecular docking analyses, an agonist fluoligand assay, and short-hairpin (sh) RNA-mediated protein depletion. Microarray analyses were performed to identify altered gene expression. Western blot of signaling and proliferation markers and shRNA-mediated protein depletion in viability and clonogenic assays were performed to delineate the role of VAV3. Genetic variation in VAV3 was assessed for association with the response to tamoxifen. Immunohistochemical analyses of VAV3 were carried out to determine the association with therapy response and different tumor markers. An analysis of gene expression association with drug sensitivity was carried out to identify a potential therapeutic approach based on differential VAV3 expression.RESULTS: The compound YC-1 was found to comparatively reduce the viability of cell models of acquired resistance. This effect was probably not due to activation of its canonical target (soluble guanylyl cyclase) but instead a result of binding to ERalpha. VAV3 was selectively reduced upon exposure to YC-1 or ERalpha depletion and, accordingly, VAV3 depletion comparatively reduced the viability of cell models of acquired resistance. In the clinical scenario, germline variation in VAV3 was associated with response to tamoxifen in Japanese breast cancer patients (rs10494071 combined P value = 8.4 x 10-4). The allele association combined with gene expression analyses indicated that low VAV3 expression predicts better clinical outcome. Conversely, high nuclear VAV3 expression in tumor cells was associated with poorer endocrine therapy response. Based on VAV3 expression levels and the response to erlotinib in cancer cell lines, targeting EGFR signaling may be a promising therapeutic strategy.CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes VAV3 as a biomarker and rationale signaling target to prevent and/or overcome resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.
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| 5. |
- Almlöf, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Energetics of codon-anticodon recognition on the small ribosomal subunit
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 46:1, s. 200-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent crystal structures of the small ribosomal subunit have made it possible to examine the detailed energetics of codon recognition on the ribosome by computational methods. The binding of cognate and near-cognate anticodon stem loops to the ribosome decoding center, with mRNA containing the Phe UUU and UUC codons, are analyzed here using explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations together with the linear interaction energy (LIE) method. The calculated binding free energies are in excellent agreement with experimental binding constants and reproduce the relative effects of mismatches in the first and second codon position versus a mismatch at the wobble position. The simulations further predict that the Leu2 anticodon stem loop is about 10 times more stable than the Ser stem loop in complex with the Phe UUU codon. It is also found that the ribosome significantly enhances the intrinsic stability differences of codon-anticodon complexes in aqueous solution. Structural analysis of the simulations confirms the previously suggested importance of the universally conserved nucleotides A1492, A1493, and G530 in the decoding process.
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| 6. |
- Ander, Anna Lundborg, et al.
(författare)
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[Acute otitis media is not treated according to recommendations. Survey of treatment patterns in emergency centers and community health centers] : Akut otitis media behandlas inte enligt rekommendationer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 101:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usual recommended treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) is antibiotics or expectancy. Different parts of Europe have varying therapy with Holland as an example of more restrictive use of antibiotics. The purpose with this study was to see differences in treatment length, choice of antibiotics, and differences in handling on daytime and emergency hours. 432 case records of children, aged up to ten years were retrospectively investigated. The result shows that antibiotics were prescribed to all except five patients. First choice of antibiotic (70 per cent) was penicillin V that also was more used at emergency hours than daytime at the health centre. Treatment time varied from five to ten days in contrast to national recommendations of five-day therapy. Registrars preferred five-day therapy and specialists seven days. We conclude that penicillin V is first choice of treatment in AOM, that treatment time varies from five to ten days without any underlying reasons and that expectancy was used only in very few cases.
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| 7. |
- Ander, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Äta och dricka , mer än att tugga och svälja
- 2000
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken beskrivar en av livets viktigaste aktiviteter -ATT KUNNA ÄTA OCH DRICKA. Boken vill inspirera alla som möter personer som har svårt att äta och dricka. Den vänder sig anhöriga, vårdpersonal, dietister och habiliterings-/rehabiliteringspersonal.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ander, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Changing arenas of underage adolescent binge drinking in Swedish small towns
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 32:4, s. 427-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM – The study explores arenas of adolescent binge drinking in small Swedish towns and the meanings these have for young persons. The focus is thus on space and place, and on the geography of underage drinking.DESIGN – An ethnographic approach was used, including direct observations, document studies and contacts with youth workers on local and national levels, and interviews with 28 underage binge-drinking adolescents chosen as informants.FINDINGS – Adolescent binge drinkers seem to have moved away from street and other outdoor drinking arenas to home environments, where they feel they have more control over their party location and participants.CONCLUSIONS – One consequence of outdoor drinking moving indoors is that professional youth workers and police cannot enter party arenas and the only adults who can do so are the parents. This has implications for preventive alcohol strategies and outreach social work. Measures should be directed to parents to make them fully aware of the importance of the party location in their homes.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ander, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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'It is ok to be drunk, but not too drunk' : party socialising, drinking ideals, and learning trajectories in Swedish adolescent discourse on alcohol use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1367-6261 .- 1469-9680. ; 20:7, s. 841-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores adolescent reasoning behind the use of alcohol at different types of parties, often house parties, and about the strategies to achieve maturity and prevent losing control. The data consist of semi-structured interviews with 23 adolescents aged 16-18 years (16 males and seven females). The interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. All informants had personal experience with drinking at parties in different social settings. Our results suggest that the process of learning how to drink, often through failure in terms of being intoxicated, is important for adolescents' who strive to control their alcohol intake resulted in a good time and a break from everyday life. Furthermore, the results indicate that different social settings and party types engender different drinking patterns. Maturity and controlled conduct come across as desired ideals that provide a person with symbolic capital and thus, social status.
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| 16. |
- Ander, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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'It is ok to be drunk, but not too drunk' : party socialising, drinking ideals, and learning trajectories in Swedish adolescent discourse on alcohol use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1367-6261 .- 1469-9680. ; 20:7, s. 841-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores adolescent reasoning behind the use of alcohol at different types of parties, often house parties, and about the strategies to achieve maturity and prevent losing control. The data consist of semi-structured interviews with 23 adolescents aged 16–18 years (16 males and seven females). The interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. All informants had personal experience with drinking at parties in different social settings. Our results suggest that the process of learning how to drink, often through failure in terms of being intoxicated, is important for adolescents’ who strive to control their alcohol intake resulted in a good time and a break from everyday life. Furthermore, the results indicate that different social settings and party types engender different drinking patterns. Maturity and controlled conduct come across as desired ideals that provide a person with symbolic capital and thus, social status.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ander, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Onset of substance use among early adolescents in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Work Practice in The Addictions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1533-256X. ; 20:2, s. 105-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: Early onset, prevalence, and predictors of substance use - tobacco, alcohol-drinking, alcohol-drunkenness, and drugs - were studied in 13 and 14-year-old boys and girls in Sweden.Methods: Self-reported data in four communities were used (n = 1,716). A large set of psychological and social factors were tried as predictors of early onset use (n = 1,459).Results: There were few gender differences and low prevalence. Primary predictor for early onset in tobacco use was availability; perceived parental approval for alcohol use, and delinquent behaviors for alcohol-drunkenness and drug use.Conclusions: Individual behavioral factors and parental norms seem to be most important in this age.
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| 19. |
- Andér, Bo
(författare)
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Press och litteratur.
- 1974
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Ingår i: Samlaren. - Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; 95, s. 266-267
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ander, Birgitta, 1958-
(författare)
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Ungdomars berusningsdrickande – Vem, var och med vilka?
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate adolescent drinking to drunkenness and connected contextual factors. The thesis is based on four studies, addressing different aspects: The first explores arenas of adolescent drunkenness, and the meaning the adolescents attribute to them. The second investigates Swedish adolescents discourse on alcohol and parties, as well as positive and negative effects of alcohol consumption. The third reports on early onset, i.e. before the age of 14, in substance use, including alcohol drinking and drunkenness, and predicts this from various psychological and social factors. The forth examines contexts of drunkenness, i.e. where and with whom 15-year olds in Sweden get drunk. Furthermore, the importance of the place and social context for drunkenness in adolescence, and what importance and strategies young people themselves associate with their alcohol consumption are examined.The studies derive from two data samples. Articles I and II utilise qualitative methods and explore Swedish changing arenas for adolescent drunkenness and adolescent discourse on drunkenness and the importance of place and space. Article I stems from a qualitative interview-material with an ethnographic approach. Twenty-three adolescents (7 females and 16 males) from three small communities in the south of Sweden in the ages of 16 to18 were interviewed. The material also included contacts with outreach social workers on local, regional and national level as well participating observations. The data for Article II stems from the interviews with twenty-three adolescents. Article I was analysed through text-analysis and Article II through thematic analysis.Articles III and IV conduct quantitative analyses, and stems from the multidisciplinary research programme, Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) which follows adolescents from the age of 12 and 13 until they are 18 years old, focusing on substance use and misuse, health and ill-health, peer relations and school functioning through self-reported questionnaires. Different data collection waves were used, and combined them two and two, for cross-sectional analyses. Article III combined the first two waves and by doing so, covered 91 percent of the study population of 1896 students aged 13-14. Article IV combined all 1355 grade 9 students from waves 3 and 3b. Article III investigated early onset in substance use and was analysed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Article IV investigated frequency of drunkenness and different outcomes from drunkenness in different contexts, as well as with whom adolescents got drunk together with and the negative consequences of getting drunk.The result indicates a change from drinking to drunkenness at outdoor places. The outdoor places, both public and hidden, that has been used for adolescents socializing and drinking to drunkenness were empty. Homes, without present adults are the most common places for parties. The parties stand for mainly positive experiences and a break in everyday life. Being in a home arena allows for increased control, both over own drunkenness but also over who is allowed at the party and who is not. The dissertation also investigates early onset in use of alcohol and drunkenness and shows that delinquency, perceived parental permissions and availability of substances are the strongest factors predicting onset among 13-14-year-olds. The dissertation shows that most drunkenness experiences are reported in homes without adults present, not in outdoor and hidden places. Drinking in homes did not lower the association with high frequency of drunkenness, negative consequences or peer problems.The conclusion shows the importance of place and space in understanding adolescent drunkenness and partying.
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| 24. |
- Ander, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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“We are not like those who/…/sit in the woods and drink” : The making of drinking spaces by youth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Qualitative Social Work. - : Sage Publications. - 1473-3250 .- 1741-3117. ; 19:3, s. 424-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article applies the concepts of place and space to understand youth and their engagement in risky behavior, such as drunkenness. It is based on the prolonged engagement with 23 underage youth coming from smaller municipalities in the south of Sweden. The study was comprised of semi-structured interviews, field visits, and observations at sites relevant for youths. In the stories narrated by youth, drunkenness is no longer an ad hoc activity conducted somewhere at the margins of society. The construction of drinking spaces was accomplished through highly managed, monitored, and organized practices, such as sending out invitations in advance, planning how much alcohol to drink, designating drivers, and securing transport means. Crucial to this was that spaces were products of relations existing between various youth, with no adults present. Spaces of drinking changed as those who participated in their construction changed. In addition, certain rules and codes of conduct (e.g. taking care of friends who drunk too much) were enforced to assure that the constructed spaces provided a sense of safety and enabled having fun. We conclude this article by arguing that a focus on place and space brings forward vital aspects in understanding the role of transforming party spaces that would otherwise remain obscure to social work knowledge and practice.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ander, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses’ experiences of using the NANDA International taxonomy in mental healthcare
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mental Health Practice. - : RCNi. - 1465-8720 .- 2047-895X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The lack of a standardised nursing taxonomy to clarify nurses’ assessments and other elements of the nursing process can potentially lead to a lack of care continuity and patient safety. The taxonomy published by NANDA International (NANDA-I) has been shown to improve the quality of mental health nurses’ documentation and clinical care.Aim To describe nurses’ experience of working in mental health inpatient care with a structured nursing taxonomy of diagnoses based on the NANDA-I taxonomy.Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five nurses working on three inpatient wards in a mental health unit in Sweden. The data were analysed using qualitative manifest content analysis.Findings The nurses’ experiences of using the NANDA-I taxonomy were described through three themes: ‘benefits of having a common language’, ‘usefulness of the NANDA-I taxonomy in the mental health context’, and ‘importance of how healthcare organisations apply the NANDA-I taxonomy’.Conclusion The common language provided by the NANDA-I taxonomy contributed to making nursing care more structured and person-centred. However, for the NANDA-I taxonomy to be effective, local nursing guidelines need to be synchronised with it.
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| 27. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Does the β-receptor antagonist esmolol have analgesic effects? : A randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study on healthy volunteers undergoing the cold pressor test
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 35:3, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Esmolol may attenuate the sympathetic response to pain and reduce postoperative opioid consumption. It is not clear whether esmolol has an analgesic effect per se.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of esmolol in the absence of anaesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that esmolol would reduce the maximum pain intensity perceived during the cold pressor test (CPT) by 2 points on a 0 to 10 numeric pain rating scale (NRS) compared to placebo.DESIGN: Randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study.SETTING: Postoperative recovery area, Örebro University Hospital. Study period, November 2013 to February 2014.PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen healthy volunteers. Exclusion criteria included ongoing medication, pregnancy and breastfeeding and participation in other medical trials.INTERVENTIONS: At separate study sessions, participants received interventions: esmolol (0.7 mg kg bolus over 1 min followed by infusion at 10 μg kg min); 0.9% normal saline bolus then remifentanil infusion at 0.2 μg kg min and 0.9% normal saline bolus and infusion according to a random sequence. All infusions were administered over 30 min.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceived maximum pain intensity score, pain tolerance and haemodynamic changes during CPT, and occurrence of side-effects to interventions compared to placebo, respectively.RESULTS: Esmolol did not reduce perceived pain intensity or pain tolerance during the CPT. The NRS-max score was similar for esmolol, 8.5 (±1.4) and placebo, 8.4 (±1.3). The mean difference was 0.1 [95% confidence interval (-1.2 to 1.4)], P value equal to 0.83. Remifentanil significantly reduced NRS-max scores, 5.4 (±2.1) compared to placebo, [mean difference -3.1 (95% confidence interval (-4.4 to -1.8)), P < 0.001]. Side-effects were seen with remifentanil but not with esmolol.CONCLUSION: No direct analgesic effect of esmolol could be demonstrated in the present study. The postoperative opioid-sparing effect demonstrated in previous studies, could therefore be secondary to other factors such as avoidance of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, synergy with coadministered opioids or altered pharmacokinetics of those drugs.TRIAL REGISTRATION: European clinical trials database, https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/, EudraCT no. 2011-005780-24.
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| 28. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Esmolol on the Esophagogastric Junction : A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study on 14 Healthy Volunteers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 125:4, s. 1184-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Passive regurgitation may occur throughout the perioperative period, increasing the risk for pulmonary aspiration and postoperative pulmonary complications. Hypnotics and opioids, especially remifentanil, that are used during anesthesia have been shown to decrease the pressure in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), that otherwise acts as a barrier against passive regurgitation of gastric contents. Esmolol, usually used to counteract tachycardia and hypertension, has been shown to possess properties useful during general anesthesia. Like remifentanil, the beta-1-adrenoreceptor antagonist may be used to attenuate the stress reaction to tracheal intubation and to modify perioperative anesthetic requirements. It may also reduce the need for opioids in the postoperative period. Its action on the EGJ is however unknown. The aim of this trial was to compare the effects of esmolol and remifentanil on EGJ pressures in healthy volunteers, when administrated as single drugs.METHODS: Measurements of EGJ pressures were made in 14 healthy volunteers using high resolution solid-state manometry. Interventions were administered in a randomized sequence and consisted of esmolol that was given IV as a bolus dose of 1 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 10 mu g.kg(-1).minute(-1) over 15 minutes, and remifentanil with target-controlled infusion of 4 ng/mL over 15 minutes. Interventions were separated by a 20-minute washout period. Analyses of EGJ pressures were performed at baseline, and during drug administration at 2 (T2) and 15 minutes (T15). The primary outcome was the inspiratory EGJ augmentation, while the inspiratory and expiratory EGJ pressures were secondary outcomes.RESULTS: There was no effect on inspiratory EGJ augmentation when comparing remifentanil and esmolol (mean difference -4.0 mm Hg [-9.7 to 1.7]; P = .15). In contrast, remifentanil significantly decreased both inspiratory and expiratory pressures compared to esmolol (-12.2 [-18.6 to 5.7]; P = .003 and 8.0 [-13.3 to 2.8]; P = .006).CONCLUSIONS: Esmolol, compared with remifentanil, does not affect EGJ function. This may be an advantage regarding passive regurgitation and esmolol may thus have a role to play in anesthesia where maintenance of EGJ barrier function is of outmost importance.
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| 29. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-
(författare)
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Perioperative complications in obese patients : A thesis on risk reducing strategies
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aspiration of gastric content and delayed or failed intubation are the leading causes of anesthesia-related mortality and morbidity. In the recovery period, airway obstruction with subsequent hypoxia is a relatively common cause of morbidity, and is highly associated to the amount of opioids administered, especially in obese patients.The overall aim of this thesis was to study these risk factors for airway complications and postoperative hypoxia in obese patients, and to evaluate possible strategies for their prevention.In Study I, intubation times and incidence of failed intubation in obese patients were compared between direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy with the Stortz® C-MAC™. In Studies II and III, the effect of esmolol vs. remifentanil on the esophageal junction, and the possible analgesic properties of low-dose esmolol vs. placebo were evaluated using high-resolution manometry and the cold pressor test, respectively. Finally, in Study IV, the possible opioid-sparing effect of esmolol after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery was evaluated.The use of videlaryngoscopy did not shorten intubation times, however appeared to reduce the incidence of failed intubation. Our results also show that esmolol has a favorable profile, compared to remifentanil, with regard to the protection against passive regurgitation and aspiration of gastric content. No analgesic effect of low-dose esmolol was however demonstrated. The intraoperative administration of esmolol instead of remifentanil also did not reduce the requirement of morphine for treatment of post-operative pain.The use of Stortz® C-MAC™ may be recommended for intubation of obese patients. Further studies are however required to clarify the possible role of esmolol in anesthesia.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Time-to-intubation in obese patients : A randomized study comparing direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy in experienced anaesthetists
- 2017
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Ingår i: Minerva Anestesiologica. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 83:9, s. 906-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Airway management may be difficult in obese patients. Moreover, during prolonged intubation, oxygen desaturation develops rapidly. Videolaryngoscopy improves the view of the larynx, and the Storz® C-MACTM has been shown to be superior to other videolaryngoscopes in terms of intubation time in obese patients. However, no effort has been made to compare the Storz® C-MACTM with direct laryngoscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the use of Storz® C-MACTM may reduce intubation time when compared to direct laryngoscopy (classic Macintosh® blade).METHODS: eighty patients with body mass index > 35kg/m2 were randomized to orotracheal intubation using either Macintosh® laryngoscope, or the Storz® C-MACTM with the standard Macintosh blade. Patients had no previous history of a difficult airway. Time- to-intubation (TTI) was defined as the time from the moment anaesthetist took the laryngoscope until end-tidal carbon dioxide was detected.RESULTS: no significant difference in TTI could be demonstrated between the two devices tested (mean difference -1.7s (95% CI -6.9 to 3.5s). All patients in the videolaryngoscopy group were successfully intubated with the allocated device, whereas five patients in the direct laryngoscopy group required an alternative device for successful intubation. No significant difference regarding the subjective difficulty of intubation and postoperative sore throat between groups was demonstrated.CONCLUSION: in obese patients the airway may be secured equally fast using direct laryngoscopy (Macintosh®) and with videolaryngoscopy using the Stortz® C-MACTM. The risk for failed intubation, however, appears to be greater with direct laryngoscopy, especially in male obese patients.
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| 32. |
- Ander, Mats, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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A building of unlimited height
- 2019
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Ingår i: IASS Symposium 2019 - 60th Anniversary Symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures; Structural Membranes 2019 - 9th International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, FORM and FORCE. - 9788412110104 ; , s. 1465-1472
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the overall buckling under own weight of a thin-walled column of circular cross-section and a radius that is a hyperbolic sine function of distance from the top of the column. The maximum stress is limited to a given value, but there is no limit to the height of the column. The wall thickness is determined by consideration of local buckling. It can be made to represent a building by adjusting the own weight of the column to include the weight of the floors, finishes, cladding and imposed load.
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| 33. |
- Ander, Malin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary open trial of individualised cognitive behavioural therapy for young survivors of cancer during adolescence: initial findings and conceptualisation of distress
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: A subgroup of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer in adolescence report high levels of psychological distress. Empirically-supported treatments tailored to the concerns experienced by this population are lacking. The aims of this study were to (1) conduct a preliminary evaluation of an individualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer during adolescence and (2) identify and conceptualise cancer-related psychological concerns using cognitive-behavioural theory.Methods: A single-arm trial in which ten AYA (17-25 years) survivors of cancer during adolescence were offered up to 15 sessions of individualised CBT guided by behavioural case formulations was undertaken. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and three months follow-up. Before commencing treatment, two individual qualitative interviews were conducted with each participant. Analysis of cancer-related concerns was guided by qualitative framework analysis and theoretical thematic analysis, and cognitive-behavioural theory was used to inform identification of themes.Results: Ten of 201 potential participants invited to participate were included resulting in an overall participation rate of 5%. Nine participants completed treatment and eight completed the follow-up assessment. The majority of concerns reported were cancer-related and conceptualised as social avoidance, fear and avoidance of emotions and bodily symptoms, low mood and unbalance in activity, and worry and rumination.Conclusions: Given significant difficulties with recruitment, further research is needed to examine barriers and the impact of mental health literacy and stigma on help seeking in the AYA cancer survivor population. Internet-administered CBT self-help tailored towards the main presenting concerns of AYA cancer survivors may be a promising solution.
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| 34. |
- Ander, Malin, 1983-
(författare)
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Cancer during adolescence : Psychological consequences and development of psychological treatment
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis was to examine long-term psychological distress following cancer during adolescence and to develop a tailored psychological intervention to reduce cancer-related distress experienced by young survivors of adolescent cancer that was feasible and acceptable.Study I adopted a longitudinal design, assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents diagnosed with cancer from shortly after diagnosis (n=61) up to 10 years after diagnosis (n=28). Findings suggest that development of HRQOL and anxiety and depression is not linear and whilst the majority adjust well, a subgroup report long-term elevated distress. In Study II, experiences of cancer-related psychological distress were explored using unstructured interviews. Participants described cancer treatment as a mental challenge, felt marked and hindered by the cancer experience, and struggled with feelings of inadequacy and insecurity, existential issues, and difficulties handling emotions. Study III was a preliminary investigation of individualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), alongside the identification and conceptualisation of cancer-related concerns using cognitive-behavioural theory. Significant difficulties with recruitment were encountered. Participants reported cancer-related concerns conceptualised as social avoidance, fear and avoidance of emotions and bodily symptoms, imbalance in activity, and worry and rumination. In Study IV, the acceptability and feasibility of an internet-administered CBT based self-help intervention (ICBT) for young persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence was examined using an uncontrolled design and embedded process evaluation. The study protocol for Study IV was included in this thesis along with preliminary findings demonstrating significant difficulties with recruitment.Overall, findings suggest that whilst the majority of survivors of adolescent cancer adjust well over time a subgroup report elevated levels of distress and a range of distressing cancer-related experiences. A number of cancer-related difficulties were identified in Study II and III, which may be used to inform the development of future psychological treatments for the population. Preliminary investigation of the psychological interventions examined within this thesis further highlights the need for future development work to enhance the feasibility and acceptability of psychological support for the population.
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| 35. |
- Andér, Martin, 1979-
(författare)
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Computational Analysis of Molecular Recognition Involving the Ribosome and a Voltage Gated K+ Channel
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last few decades, computer simulation techniques have been established as an essential tool for understanding biochemical processes. This thesis deals mainly with the application of free energy calculations to ribosomal complexes and a cardiac ion channel. The linear interaction energy (LIE) method is used to explore the energetic properties of the essential process of codon–anticodon recognition on the ribosome. The calculations show the structural and energetic consequences and effects of first, second, and third position mismatches in the ribosomal decoding center. Recognition of stop codons by ribosomal termination complexes is fundamentally different from sense codon recognition. Free energy perturbation simulations are used to study the detailed energetics of stop codon recognition by the bacterial ribosomal release factors RF1 and RF2. The calculations explain the vastly different responses to third codon position A to G substitutions by RF1 and RF2. Also, previously unknown highly specific water interactions are identified. The GGQ loop of ribosomal RFs is essential for its hydrolytic activity and contains a universally methylated glutamine residue. The structural effect of this methylation is investigated. The results strongly suggest that the methylation has no effect on the intrinsic conformation of the GGQ loop, and, thus, that its sole purpose is to enhance interactions in the ribosomal termination complex. A first microscopic, atomic level, analysis of blocker binding to the pharmaceutically interesting potassium ion channel Kv1.5 is presented. A previously unknown uniform binding mode is identified, and experimental binding data is accurately reproduced. Furthermore, problems associated with pharmacophore models based on minimized gas phase ligand conformations are highlighted. Generalized Born and Poisson–Boltzmann continuum models are incorporated into the LIE method to enable implicit treatment of solvent, in an effort to improve speed and convergence. The methods are evaluated and validated using a set of plasmepsin II inhibitors.
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| 36. |
- Ander, Mats, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Constructive alignment in solid mechanics courses by means of project assignments
- 2017
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Ingår i: 6: e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar, Chalmers tekniska högskola, 22 -23 november 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This short text paper describes the procedure of planning and implementing project assignments as a means to constructive align courses in Solid mechanics at the school of Civil enginnering at Chalmers. The courses has now been given twice and we summarize our experiences so far.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ander, Mats, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Development, accomplishment and evaluation of a project course in applied mechanics---Lessons learnt
- 2009
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Ingår i: Svenska mekanikdagarna, Södertälje 2009, 15-17-juni, Session 7:4-Utbildning, sid 99 (1 page abstract). ; , s. 99-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Development, accomplishment and evaluation of a project course in applied mechanics---Lessons learnt M. Ander , T. Grönstedt, T. Abrahamsson and G. JohanssonThis presentation concerns teaching and learning from working in projects within the Chalmers Master programme in Solid and fluid mechanics. The academic tradition requires teaching solid and fluid mechanics as separated subjects of applied mechanics. The researchers/teachers and students belonging to either discipline do not meet on daily basis and thus two separate cultures develop; CFD for fluids and FEM for solids.However, in industry today fresh engineers will meet challenges in multidisciplinary problems and they are expected to be able to know how to treat them. As a remedy to better prepare for their engineering profession, a project course in applied mechanics has been developed. The outline of the course follows the CDIO[1] learning approach: Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate. Starting off from back of the envelope calculations, where all students are required to address all disciplines, the project proceeds towards distinct specializations. The students, divided into groups of six to seven members, focus on ‘student specialists’ roles in solid/structural mechanics-FEM, fluid dynamics, and experimental modal analysis EMA, simulating a true multidisciplinary working environment. The projects studied incorporate a fluid structure interaction core problem, but are required to pose challenges within each specialisation. The task is formulated as a competition to find better solutions or as an investigation of existing methods to solve a problem at hand. The examination is based on individual assignments, group work, presentation of a final report and opposition. As resources for analysing the problems, the students have access to wind tunnel testing, EMA-equipment, computer rooms with commercial software for CFD and FEM. This year we have introduced the ANSYS workbench as a common platform for fluid–structure interaction simulations, allowing the teams to work more closely together. The student perspective is dominated by the urge to approach real world problems with industrial tools. A better contact and understanding between students as well as between teachers/researchers in the different disciplines of applied mechanics are achieved by this approach. Some outstanding challenges are the limited time frame of the course, the time consuming communication required within the teachers team and the student frustration arising from having to address open end problems. [1]www.cdio.org
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| 39. |
- Ander, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of health-related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression among persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence : a 10-year follow-up study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 25:5, s. 582-589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The main aim was to investigate the development of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a cohort diagnosed with cancer during adolescence from shortly after up to 10 years after diagnosis.Methods: Participants (n = 61) completed the SF-36 and the HADS shortly; six, 12, and 18 months; and two, three, four, and 10 years (n = 28) after diagnosis. Polynomial change trajectories were used to model development.Results: Polynomial change trajectories showed an initial increase which abated over time into a decrease which abated over time for the SF-36 subscales Mental Health and Vitality; an initial decline which abated over time into an increase for HADS anxiety; and an initial decline which abated over time into an increase which abated over time for HADS depression. The SF-36 mental component summary showed no change from two to 10 years after diagnosis whereas the SF-36 physical component summary showed an increase from two years after diagnosis which declined over time. Ten years after diagnosis 29% reported possible anxiety.Conclusions: Development of HRQOL and symptoms of anxiety and depression appears to be nonlinear among persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence. Well into permanent survivorship an increase in symptoms of anxiety is shown and approximately a third of the participants report possible anxiety. The findings indicate the need for: studies designed to pinpoint the times of highest psychological risk, clinical follow-up focusing on psychological problems, and development of effective psychological interventions for survivors of adolescent cancer
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| 40. |
- Andér, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Does glutamine methylation affect the intrinsic conformation of the universally conserved GGQ motif in ribosomal release factors?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - Washington, DC, USA : American Chemical Society. - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 48:15, s. 3483-3489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GGQ motif is the only universally conserved feature of ribosomal class 1 release factors. Mutational experiments and structural studies have suggested that the glutamine residue of the GGQ motif Q 185 in human eRF1 numbering) is critical for catalysis of the termination reaction on the ribosome. Furthermore, it has been established that Q185 is NE methylated in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes, and that methylation significantly enhances the catalytic activity. It is, however, not known whether this methylation affects the intrinsic structure of the free release factor, which could be important for its interaction with the ribosome. In this work, we report molecular dynamics simulations, starting from 25 different NMR structures of human eRF1, in addressing this problem. The results show that there is no such structural effect on the free release factor caused by the NE methylation of Q185, suggesting that its role is intimately associated with the ribosome environment.
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| 41. |
- Ander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Elchockvapen som hjälpmedel vid polisiära ingripanden : En vetenskaplig utvärdering av Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med elchockvapen 2018-2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND: Ur ett internationellt perspektiv har det, inom polisen, under de senaste åren skett en ökning i användandet av mindre dödliga vapen. Dessa vapen används för att ta kontroll över potentiellt farliga och icke samarbetsvilliga personer. Ett vanligt förekommande mindre dödligt vapen är elchockvapen (ECV). Elchockvapen har fram till 2018 inte använts i Sverige, men Polismyndigheten har under åren 2018–2019 genomfört en försöksverksamhet med ECV.SYFTE: Syftet med undersökningen var att utvärdera Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med ECV, samt att undersöka vilken legitimitet polisens användning av ECV har bland allmänheten.METOD: Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data samlades in för att utvärdera försöket med ECV. Mätningar före, under, och i slutet av försöksverksamheten genomfördes med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten besvarades av två grupper av poliser; en grupp som ingick i försöksverksamheten med ECV samt en kontrollgrupp poliser som inte ingick i försöksverksamheten. För att fördjupa förståelsen för enkätresultaten genomfördes djupintervjuer och fokusgruppsintervjuer med poliser som hade erfarenhet av ECV under försöksverksamheten. För att undersöka legitimitetsaspekter utifrån ett medborgarperspektiv genomfördes fokusgrupper med deltagare från allmänheten. Data från Polisens arbetsskadesystem LISA inhämtades för att undersöka ECV:s inverkan på skador hos poliserna.RESULTAT: Enkätresultaten visade inga skillnader mellan delaktiga och kontrollgrupp när det gäller upplevelse av stressfulla situationer. Upplevelsen av trygghet vid ingripanden med hög grad av motstånd eller när polisen blir fysisk angripen har dock ökat för de poliser som deltagit i ECVförsöket, jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Intervjuresultaten åskådliggör också att tillgången till ECV bidrar till att minska upplevelsen av stress i våldsamma situationer genom att ECV ökar tryggheten i sådana situationer. Intervjuresultaten påvisar även att tillgången till ECV gör att man slipper använda andra potentiellt skadligare våldshjälpmedel såsom fysiska metoder och skjutvapen. Enkätresultatet visar ingen skillnad mellan de som ingick i försöksverksamheten och kontrollgruppen när det gäller att utsättas för hot, våld eller motstånd, eller att polis eller motpart blir skadade. Resultaten från intervjuer och fokusgrupper synliggör att poliserna upplever att ECV fyller en viktig funktion. Poliserna ser enbart fördelar med ECV och vissa menar att det är det bästa verktyg som de har fått. ECV upplevs kunna rädda liv, minska skador på polis och motpart, samt förbättra arbetsmiljön för poliser. Intervjuer och fokusgrupper pekar på att deltagarna upplever att ECV har en deeskalerande inverkan, vilket både kan minska våldsanvändningen, och förebygga våld mot polisen. Enkät och intervjuresultaten indikerar att ECV bidrar till en minskad användning av andra hjälpmedel såsom batong och pepparspray, vilka ofta ger mer skador på både motpart och polis. Deltagarna från allmänheten har uppfattningen att ECV är ett effektivt och bra verktyg för polisen, men lyfter vikten av att det finns en lyhördhet gällande vilka situationer som den används i och mot vem.SLUTSATSER: Utifrån våra enkätresultat är det svårt att dra några säkra slutsatser kring hur användandet av ECV inverkar på skador hos poliser och motpart. Erfarenheterna bland de delaktiga är dock att risken för våld och skador minskar markant, vilket är en viktig indikator. Tillgången till ECV kan öka trygghet och minska stress i ingripandesituationer där kraftigt motstånd och våld förekommer. ECV kan även minska användandet av pepparspray och batong, och det finns indikationer på att ECV har använts istället för skjutvapen. ECV kan underlätta val av hjälpmedel vid ingripanden med hög grad av hot och våld och kan ha en deeskalerande inverkan. Polisens användande av våldshjälpmedel, inklusive ECV, upplevs berättigat av informanterna från allmänheten.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ander, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploration of psychological distress experienced by survivors of adolescent cancer reporting a need for psychological support
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In this qualitative study, we aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of cancer-related psychological distress experienced by young survivors of cancer during adolescence reporting a need for psychological support.MethodsTwo individual interviews were held with ten young survivors of cancer diagnosed in adolescence. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis followed the guidelines for inductive qualitative manifest content analysis.ResultsThe survivors described distress experienced during and after the end of treatment. Five categories comprising 14 subcategories were generated. The categories included: A tough treatment, Marked and hindered, Not feeling good enough, Struggling with the fragility of life, and finally, An ongoing battle with emotions.Conclusion Young survivors of adolescent cancer reporting a need for psychological support described feeling physically, socially, and mentally marked by the cancer experience. They struggled with powerlessness, insecurity, social disconnection, loneliness, and feelings of being unimportant and a failure, and had difficulties understanding and managing their experiences. These concerns should be addressed in psychological treatments for the population irrespective of which approach or model is used to understand survivors’ difficulties. A transdiagnostic approach targeting processes that underpin different manifestations of distress may be effective.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ander, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Guided Internet-Administered Self-Help to Reduce Symptoms Of Anxiety and Depression Among Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer During Adolescence (U-CARE: YoungCan) : study protocol for a feasibility trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction A subgroup of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer during adolescence reports elevated levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and unmet needs for psychological support. Evidence-based psychological treatments tailored for this population are lacking. This protocol describes a feasibility study of a guided-internet-administered self-help programme (YoungCan) primarily targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression among young persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence and of the planned study procedures for a future controlled trial. Methods/analysis The study is an uncontrolled feasibility trial with a pre-post and 3-month follow-up design. Potential participants aged 15-25years, diagnosed with cancer during adolescence, will be identified via the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry. 30 participants will be included. Participants will receive YoungCan, a 12-week therapist-guided, internet-administered self-help programme consisting primarily of cognitive-behavioural therapy organised into individually assigned modules targeting depressive symptoms, worry and anxiety, body dissatisfaction and post-traumatic stress. Interactive peer support and psychoeducative functions are also available. Feasibility outcomes include: recruitment and eligibility criteria; data collection; attrition; resources needed to complete the study and programme; safety procedures; participants' and therapists' adherence to the programme; and participants' acceptability of the programme and study methodology. Additionally, mechanisms of impact will be explored and data regarding symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, body dissatisfaction, reactions to social interactions, quality of life, axis I diagnoses according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and healthcare service use will be collected. Exploratory analyses of changes in targeted outcomes will be conducted. Ethics/dissemination This feasibility protocol was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (ref: 2016/210). Findings will be disseminated to relevant research, clinical, health service and patient communities through publications in peer-reviewed and popular science journals and presentations at scientific and clinical conferences.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andér, Martin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Ligand binding to the voltage-gated Kv1.5 potassium channel in the open state - Docking and computer simulations of a homology model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 94:3, s. 820-831
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of blockers to the human voltage-gated Kv1.5 potassium ion channel is investigated using a three-step procedure consisting of homology modeling, automated docking, and binding free energy calculations from molecular dynamics simulations, in combination with the linear interaction energy method. A reliable homology model of Kv1.5 is constructed using the recently published crystal structure of the Kv1.2 channel as a template. This model is expected to be significantly more accurate than earlier ones based on less similar templates. Using the three-dimensional homology model, a series of blockers with known affinities are docked into the cavity of the ion channel and their free energies of binding are calculated. The predicted binding free energies are in very good agreement with experimental data and the binding is predicted to be mainly achieved through nonpolar interactions, whereas the relatively small differences in the polar contribution determine the specificity. Apart from confirming the importance of residues V505, I508, V512, and V516 for ligand binding in the cavity, the results also show that A509 and P513 contribute significantly to the nonpolar binding interactions. Furthermore, we find that pharmacophore models based only on optimized free ligand conformations may not necessarily capture the geometric features of ligands bound to the channel cavity. The calculations herein give a detailed structural and energetic picture of blocker binding to Kv1.5 and this model should thus be useful for further ligand design efforts.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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