| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of fiducial cross-sections for [Formula: see text] production with one or two additional b-jets in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiducial cross-sections for [Formula: see text] production with one or two additional b-jets are reported, using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider, collected with the ATLAS detector. The cross-section times branching ratio for [Formula: see text] events with at least one additional b-jet is measured to be 950 [Formula: see text] 70 (stat.) [Formula: see text] (syst.) fb in the lepton-plus-jets channel and 50 [Formula: see text] 10 (stat.) [Formula: see text] (syst.) fb in the [Formula: see text] channel. The cross-section times branching ratio for events with at least two additional b-jets is measured to be 19.3 [Formula: see text] 3.5 (stat.) [Formula: see text] 5.7 (syst.) fb in the dilepton channel ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and ee) using a method based on tight selection criteria, and 13.5 [Formula: see text] 3.3 (stat.) [Formula: see text] 3.6 (syst.) fb using a looser selection that allows the background normalisation to be extracted from data. The latter method also measures a value of 1.30 [Formula: see text] 0.33 (stat.) [Formula: see text] 0.28 (syst.)% for the ratio of [Formula: see text] production with two additional b-jets to [Formula: see text] production with any two additional jets. All measurements are in good agreement with recent theory predictions.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and coupling strengths using pp collision data at [Formula: see text] and 8 TeV in the ATLAS experiment.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combined analyses of the Higgs boson production and decay rates as well as its coupling strengths to vector bosons and fermions are presented. The combinations include the results of the analyses of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay modes, and the constraints on the associated production with a pair of top quarks and on the off-shell coupling strengths of the Higgs boson. The results are based on the LHC proton-proton collision datasets, with integrated luminosities of up to 4.7 [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] TeV and 20.3 [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011 and 2012. Combining all production modes and decay channels, the measured signal yield, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, is [Formula: see text]. The observed Higgs boson production and decay rates are interpreted in a leading-order coupling framework, exploring a wide range of benchmark coupling models both with and without assumptions on the Higgs boson width and on the Standard Model particle content in loop processes. The data are found to be compatible with the Standard Model expectations for a Higgs boson at a mass of 125.36 GeV for all models considered.
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| 5. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for a new resonance decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] final states with the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for a new resonance decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] final states is performed using 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] of pp collision data recorded at [Formula: see text] 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search is conducted by examining the WH / ZH invariant mass distribution for a localized excess. No significant deviation from the Standard Model background prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in terms of constraints on the Minimal Walking Technicolor model and on a simplified approach based on a phenomenological Lagrangian of Heavy Vector Triplets.
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| 6. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV using the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data collected in 2012 at [Formula: see text] TeV from pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text]are examined. Particles producing anomalously high ionisation, consistent with long-lived massive particles with electric charges from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] are searched for. No signal candidate events are observed, and 95 % confidence level cross-section upper limits are interpreted as lower mass limits for a Drell-Yan production model. The mass limits range between 660 and 785 GeV.
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| 7. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for Higgs boson pair production in the [Formula: see text] final state from pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeVwith the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for Higgs boson pair production [Formula: see text] is performed with 19.5 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data at [Formula: see text] TeV, which were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The decay products of each Higgs boson are reconstructed as a high-momentum [Formula: see text] system with either a pair of small-radius jets or a single large-radius jet, the latter exploiting jet substructure techniques and associated b-tagged track-jets. No evidence for resonant or non-resonant Higgs boson pair production is observed. The data are interpreted in the context of the Randall-Sundrum model with a warped extra dimension as well as the two-Higgs-doublet model. An upper limit on the cross-section for [Formula: see text] of 3.2 (2.3) fb is set for a Kaluza-Klein graviton [Formula: see text] mass of 1.0 (1.5) TeV, at the 95 % confidence level. The search for non-resonant Standard Model hh production sets an observed 95 % confidence level upper limit on the production cross-section [Formula: see text] of 202 fb, compared to a Standard Model prediction of [Formula: see text] fb.
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| 8. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Searches for scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Searches for pair-produced scalar leptoquarks are performed using 20 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data provided by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector at [Formula: see text] TeV. Events with two electrons (muons) and two or more jets in the final state are used to search for first (second)-generation leptoquarks. The results from two previously published ATLAS analyses are interpreted in terms of third-generation leptoquarks decaying to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] final states. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed in any channel and scalar leptoquarks are excluded at 95 % CL with masses up to [Formula: see text] 1050 GeV for first-generation leptoquarks, [Formula: see text] 1000 GeV for second-generation leptoquarks, [Formula: see text] 625 GeV for third-generation leptoquarks in the [Formula: see text] channel, and 200 [Formula: see text] 640 GeV in the [Formula: see text] channel.
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| 9. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays with the ATLAS detector.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decays [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.9 and 20.6 fb[Formula: see text] of pp collisions collected at centre-of-mass energies [Formula: see text] TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. Signal candidates are identified through [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays. With a two-dimensional likelihood fit involving the [Formula: see text] reconstructed invariant mass and an angle between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] candidate momenta in the muon pair rest frame, the yields of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the transverse polarisation fraction in [Formula: see text] decay are measured. The transverse polarisation fraction is determined to be [Formula: see text], and the derived ratio of the branching fractions of the two modes is [Formula: see text], where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. Finally, a sample of [Formula: see text] decays is used to derive the ratios of branching fractions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the third error corresponds to the uncertainty of the branching fraction of [Formula: see text] decay. The available theoretical predictions are generally consistent with the measurement.
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| 10. |
- Ahlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Is There a Weekend Effect in Surgery for Type A Dissection? : Results From the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Database
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 108:3, s. 770-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Aortic dissection type A requires immediate surgery. In general surgery populations, patients operated on during weekends have higher mortality rates compared with patients whose operations occur on weekdays. The weekend effect in aortic dissection type A has not been studied in detail.Methods: The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) registry includes data for 1,159 patients who underwent type A dissection surgery at 8 Nordic centers during 2005 to 2014. This study is based on data relating to surgery conducted during weekdays versus weekends and starting between 8:00 AM and 8:00 Pm ("daytime") versus from 8:00 Pm to 8:00 AM ("nighttime"), as well as time from symptoms, admittance, and diagnosis to surgery. The influence of timing of surgery on the 30-day mortality rate was assessed using logistic regression analysis.Results: The 30-day mortality was 18% (204 of 1,159), with no difference in mortality between surgery performed on weekdays (17% [150 of 889]) and on weekends (20% [54 of 270], p = 0.45), or during nighttime (19% [87 of 467]) versus daytime (17% [117 of 680], p = 0.54). Time from symptoms to surgery (median 7.0 hours vs 6.5 hours, p = 0.31) did not differ between patients who survived and those who died at 30 days. Multivariable regression analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality showed no weekend effect (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 60.67 to 1.60; p = 0.875), but nighttime surgery was a risk factor (odds ratio, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 4.56; p = 0.006).Conclusions: The 30-day mortality in surgical repair of aortic dissection type A was not significantly affected by timing of surgery during weekends versus weekdays. Nighttime surgery seems to predict increased 30-day mortality, after correction for other risk factors.
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| 11. |
- Ahlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a weekend effect in surgery for type A dissection? - Results from the NORCAAD database
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 108:3, s. 770-776
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection type A requires immediate surgery. In general surgery populations, patients operated during weekends have higher mortality rates compared to patients operated on weekdays. The weekend effect in aortic dissection type A has not been studied in detail.METHODS: The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) registry includes patients (N=1,159) who underwent type A dissection surgery at eight Nordic centers during 2005-2014. This study is based on data relating to surgery conducted during weekdays vs. weekends, and starting between 8 am and 8 pm ("daytime") vs. from 8 pm to 8 am ("nighttime"), as well as time from symptoms/admittance/diagnosis to surgery. The influence of timing of surgery on 30-day mortality was assessed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: The 30-day mortality was 18% (204/1,159), with no difference in mortality between surgery performed on weekdays (17%, 150/889) and on weekends (20%, 54/270, p=0.45), or during nighttime (19%, 87/467) vs. daytime (17%, 117/680, p=0.54). Time from symptoms to surgery (median 7.0 hours vs. 6.5 hours, p=0.31) did not differ between patients who survived and those dead at 30 days. Multivariable regression analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality showed no weekend effect (OR 1.04 [0.67-1.60], p=0.875), but nighttime surgery was a risk factor (OR 2.43 [1.29-4.56], p=0.006).CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-day mortality in surgical repair of aortic dissection type A was not significantly affected by timing of surgery during weekends vs. weekdays. Nighttime surgery seems to predict increased 30-day mortality, after correction for other risk factors.
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| 12. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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On the Integration of Skilled Robot Motions for Productivity in Manufacturing
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM), 2011. - 9781612843438 - 9781612843421 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots used in manufacturing today are tailored to their tasks by system integration based on expert knowledge concerning both production and machine control. For upcoming new generations of even more flexible robot solutions, in applications such as dexterous assembly, the robot setup and programming gets even more challenging. Reuse of solutions in terms of parameters, controls, process tuning, and of software modules in general then gets increasingly important. There has been valuable progress within reuse of automation solutions when machines comply with standards and behave according to nominal models. However, more flexible robots with sensor-based manipulation skills and congnitive functions for human inteaction are far too complex to manage, and solutions are rarely reusable since knowledge is either implicit in imperative software or not captured in machine readable form. We propose techniques that build on existing knowledge by converting structured data into an RDF-based knowledge base. By enhancements of industrial control systems and available engineering tools, such knowledge can be gradually extended as part of the interaction during the definition of the robot task.
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| 13. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 14. |
- Geirsson, Arnar, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital volumes and later year of operation correlates with better outcomes in acute Type A aortic dissection
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 53:1, s. 276-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Acute Type A aortic dissection remains a life-threatening disease, but there are indications that its surgical mortality is decreasing. The aim of this report was to study how surgical mortality has changed and what influences those changes.METHODS: Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection is a retrospective database comprising 1159 patients (mean age 61.6 ± 12.2 years, 68% male) treated for acute Type A aortic dissection at 8 centres in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden from 2005 to 2014. Data gathered included demographics, symptoms, type of procedure, complications and 30-day mortality.RESULTS: The annual number of operations increased significantly from 85 in 2005 to 150 in 2014 (P < 0.001). Chest pain was present in 85% of patients, 24% were hypotensive on presentation and 28% had malperfusion syndrome. Open distal anastomosis technique under hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in 85% of cases and its use increased significantly throughout the study. The 30-day mortality decreased from 24% in 2005 to 13% in 2014 (P = 0.003). Independent predictors for 30-day mortality were preoperative cardiac arrest, malperfusion syndrome, Penn Class C, Penn Class B and C and cardiopulmonary bypass time, whereas later calendar year and higher hospital operative volumes predicted improved survival.CONCLUSIONS: Surgical mortality for acute Type A aortic dissection remains high but has decreased significantly over the last decade. This correlated with later year of operation and increased the number of operations performed per year, indicating that cumulative surgical experience contributes significantly to improved surgical outcomes.
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| 15. |
- Geirsson, Arnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic Consortium for Acute type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) : objectives and design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 50:5-6, s. 334-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) is a collaborative effort of Nordic cardiac surgery centers to study acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Here, we outline the overall objectives and the design of NORCAAD.Design: NORCAAD currently consists of eight centers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. Data was collected for patients undergoing surgery for ATAAD from 2005 to 2014. A total of 194 variables were retrospectively collected including demographics, past medical history, preoperative medications, symptoms at presentation, operative variables, complications, bleeding and blood transfusions, need for late reoperations, 30-day mortality and long-term survival.Results: Information was gathered in the database for 1159 patients, of which 67.6% were male. The mean age was 61.5 +/- 12.1 years. The mean follow-up was 3.1 +/- 2.9 years with a total of 3535 patient years.Conclusions: NORCAAD provides a foundation for close collaboration between cardiac surgery centers in the Nordic countries. Substudies in progress include: short-term outcomes, long-term survival, time interval from diagnosis until operation, effects of surgical techniques, malperfusion syndrome, renal failure, bleeding and neurological complications on outcomes and the rate of late reoperations.
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| 16. |
- Munch, Marie W., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 326:18, s. 1807-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question What is the effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support at 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia? Findings In this randomized trial that included 1000 patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, treatment with 12 mg/d of dexamethasone resulted in 22.0 days alive without life support at 28 days compared with 20.5 days in those receiving 6 mg/d of dexamethasone. This difference was not statistically significant. Meaning Compared with 6 mg of dexamethasone, 12 mg of dexamethasone did not statistically significantly reduce the number of days alive without life support at 28 days. This multicenter randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. IMPORTANCE A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. End of 90-day follow-up was on August 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to 12 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 503) or 6 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 497) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, or kidney replacement therapy) at 28 days and was adjusted for stratification variables. Of the 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 5 are included in this analysis (the number of days alive without life support at 90 days, the number of days alive out of the hospital at 90 days, mortality at 28 days and at 90 days, and >= 1 serious adverse reactions at 28 days). RESULTS Of the 1000 randomized patients, 982 were included (median age, 65 [IQR, 55-73] years; 305 [31%] women) and primary outcome data were available for 971 (491 in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 480 in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group). The median number of days alive without life support was 22.0 days (IQR, 6.0-28.0 days) in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 20.5 days (IQR, 4.0-28.0 days) in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted mean difference, 1.3 days [95% CI, 0-2.6 days]; P = .07). Mortality at 28 days was 27.1% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 32.3% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.68-1.08]). Mortality at 90 days was 32.0% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 37.7% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.87 [99% CI, 0.70-1.07]). Serious adverse reactions, including septic shock and invasive fungal infections, occurred in 11.3% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 13.4% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.83 [99% CI, 0.54-1.29]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, 12 mg/d of dexamethasone compared with 6 mg/d of dexamethasone did not result in statistically significantly more days alive without life support at 28 days. However, the trial may have been underpowered to identify a significant difference.
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| 17. |
- Peden, John F., et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study in Europeans and South Asians identifies five new loci for coronary artery disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:4, s. 339-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified 11 common variants convincingly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-7), a modest number considering the apparent heritability of CAD(8). All of these variants have been discovered in European populations. We report a meta-analysis of four large genome-wide association studies of CAD, with similar to 575,000 genotyped SNPs in a discovery dataset comprising 15,420 individuals with CAD (cases) (8,424 Europeans and 6,996 South Asians) and 15,062 controls. There was little evidence for ancestry-specific associations, supporting the use of combined analyses. Replication in an independent sample of 21,408 cases and 19,185 controls identified five loci newly associated with CAD (P < 5 x 10(-8) in the combined discovery and replication analysis): LIPA on 10q23, PDGFD on 11q22, ADAMTS7-MORF4L1 on 15q25, a gene rich locus on 7q22 and KIAA1462 on 10p11. The CAD-associated SNP in the PDGFD locus showed tissue-specific cis expression quantitative trait locus effects. These findings implicate new pathways for CAD susceptibility.
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| 18. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] decay channel with the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] final state are presented, based on proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity [Formula: see text] hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even ([Formula: see text]) or CP-odd ([Formula: see text]) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond the Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Observation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt [Formula: see text] mesons in association with a [Formula: see text] boson in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of a [Formula: see text] boson in association with a [Formula: see text] meson in proton-proton collisions probes the production mechanisms of quarkonium and heavy flavour in association with vector bosons, and allows studies of multiple parton scattering. Using [Formula: see text] of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], the first measurement of associated [Formula: see text] production is presented for both prompt and non-prompt [Formula: see text] production, with both signatures having a significance in excess of [Formula: see text]. The inclusive production cross-sections for [Formula: see text] boson production (analysed in [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] decay modes) in association with prompt and non-prompt [Formula: see text] are measured relative to the inclusive production rate of [Formula: see text] bosons in the same fiducial volume to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively. Normalised differential production cross-section ratios are also determined as a function of the [Formula: see text] transverse momentum. The fraction of signal events arising from single and double parton scattering is estimated, and a lower limit of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] confidence level is placed on the effective cross-section regulating double parton interactions.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for direct pair production of a chargino and a neutralino decaying to the 125 GeV Higgs boson in [Formula: see text] TeV [Formula: see text] collisions with the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search is presented for the direct pair production of a chargino and a neutralino [Formula: see text], where the chargino decays to the lightest neutralino and the [Formula: see text] boson, [Formula: see text], while the neutralino decays to the lightest neutralino and the 125 GeV Higgs boson, [Formula: see text]. The final states considered for the search have large missing transverse momentum, an isolated electron or muon, and one of the following: either two jets identified as originating from bottom quarks, or two photons, or a second electron or muon with the same electric charge. The analysis is based on 20.3 [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] proton-proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with the Standard Model expectations, and limits are set in the context of a simplified supersymmetric model.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for Higgs Boson Pair Production in the γγbb[over ¯] Final State Using pp Collision Data at sqrt[s]=8 TeV from the ATLAS Detector.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 114:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Searches are performed for resonant and nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the γγbb[over ¯] final state using 20 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A 95% confidence level upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio of nonresonant production is set at 2.2 pb, while the expected limit is 1.0 pb. The difference derives from a modest excess of events, corresponding to 2.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The limit observed in the search for a narrow X→hh resonance ranges between 0.7 and 3.5 pb as a function of the resonance mass.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Search for production of [Formula: see text] resonances decaying to a lepton, neutrino and jets in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search is presented for narrow diboson resonances decaying to [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] in the final state where one [Formula: see text] boson decays leptonically (to an electron or a muon plus a neutrino) and the other [Formula: see text] boson decays hadronically. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence for resonant diboson production is observed, and resonance masses below 700 and 1490 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level for the spin-2 Randall-Sundrum bulk graviton [Formula: see text] with coupling constant of 1.0 and the extended gauge model [Formula: see text] boson respectively.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Predicting the Off-treatment Duration in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Degarelix as Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 3:4-5, s. 470-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IAD) is commonly used in prostate cancer because of the benefits of the off-treatment period (OTP). The off-treatment time for patients depends on cancer progression, often measured as a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To evaluate if certain factors can predict OTP duration following 7-mo degarelix therapy. Design, setting, and participants: This multivariable analysis included 191 prostate cancer patients with baseline PSA 4–50 ng/ml or PSA doubling time <24 mo entering the first OTP with PSA ≤4 ng/ml and testosterone <0.5 ng/ml. OTP continued until disease progression, measured as PSA >4 ng/ml. Despite a study-defined OTP maximum of 24 mo, a 50% failure rate was not observed within certain strata. A Weibull distribution was used to estimate median time to PSA >4 ng/ml adjusted for the following variables: age; baseline (or end of induction period [EOI]) PSA; baseline testosterone; cancer stage/previous curative treatment; and Gleason score. According to the results and the utility of these factors in clinical practice, the model was reduced in a stepwise manner. Time to testosterone recovery (testosterone >0.5 and >2.2 ng/ml) was estimated in a similar manner. Results: The full five-factor model showed that baseline PSA (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.004), prostate cancer stage/previous therapy (p = 0.023), and baseline testosterone (p = 0.039) influenced OTP. A reduced two-factor model (baseline PSA, age) showed that only baseline PSA influenced OTP (p < 0.0001), and patients with baseline PSA ≤4 ng/ml had the longest OTP. In addition, EOI PSA (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.050) significantly influenced OTP. The times to testosterone >0.5 and >2.2 ng/ml were longer for older patients and those with lower baseline testosterone levels. Conclusion: Patients with lower baseline and EOI PSA, and older patients can stay off therapy longer and therefore may benefit more from degarelix IAD. These factors may help in proposing an algorithm to predict the OTP and optimise visit frequency. Patient summary: We describe extended analysis results for a trial in which patients with prostate cancer received intermittent androgen deprivation treatment. Prostate-specific antigen levels at baseline and at the end of the induction period, as well as older age, predicted the duration of the off-treatment period. Testosterone recovery was slower in older patients and in patients who had lower pretreatment testosterone levels. These factors may help in deciding whether to choose continuous or intermittent treatment as a strategy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00801242 Age and prostate-specific antigen levels before and at the end of active treatment seem to predict off-treatment duration for degarelix as intermittent androgen deprivation treatment (ADT). This information could be valuable in proposing an algorithm to predict the off-treatment period, optimise visit schedules, and set the restart sate for ADT.
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| 31. |
- Ahlsson, Anders, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish consensus on the surgical treatment of concomitant atrial fibrillation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - London, United Kingdom : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 46:4, s. 212-218
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia among patients scheduled for open heart surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to international guidelines, symptomatic and selected asymptomatic patients should be offered concomitant surgical AF ablation in conjunction with valvular or coronary surgery. The gold standard in AF surgery is the Cox Maze III ("cut-and-sew") procedure, with surgical incisions in both atria according to a specified pattern, in order to prevent AF reentry circuits from developing. Over 90% of patients treated with the Cox Maze III procedure are free of AF after 1 year. Recent developments in ablation technology have introduced several energy sources capable of creating nonconducting atrial wall lesions. In addition, simplified lesion patterns have been suggested, but results with these techniques have been unsatisfactory. There is a clear need for standardization in AF surgery. The Swedish Arrhythmia Surgery Group, represented by surgeons from all Swedish units for cardiothoracic surgery, has therefore reached a consensus on surgical treatment of concomitant AF. This consensus emphasizes adherence to the lesion pattern in the Cox Maze III procedure and the use of biatrial lesions in nonparoxysmal AF.
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| 32. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 33. |
- Anand, Aseem, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Radiographic Response to 223Ra with an Automated Bone Scan Index in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 2159-662X .- 1535-5667. ; 61:5, s. 671-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For effective clinical management of patients being treated with 223Ra, there is a need for radiographic response biomarkers to minimize disease progression and to stratify patients for subsequent treatment options. The objective of this study was to evaluate an automated bone scan index (aBSI) as a quantitative assessment of bone scans for radiographic response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: In a multicenter retrospective study, bone scans from patients with mCRPC treated with monthly injections of 223Ra were collected from 7 hospitals in Sweden. Patients with available bone scans before treatment with 223Ra and at treatment discontinuation were eligible for the study. The aBSI was generated at baseline and at treatment discontinuation. The Spearman rank correlation was used to correlate aBSI with the baseline covariates: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The Cox proportional-hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to evaluate the association of covariates at baseline and their change at treatment discontinuation with overall survival (OS). The concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the discriminating strength of covariates in predicting OS. Results: Bone scan images at baseline were available from 156 patients, and 67 patients had both a baseline and a treatment discontinuation bone scan (median, 5 doses; interquartile range, 3-6 doses). Baseline aBSI (median, 4.5; interquartile range, 2.4-6.5) was moderately correlated with ALP (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001) and with PSA (r = 0.38, P = 0.003). Among baseline covariates, aBSI (P = 0.01) and ALP (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with OS, whereas PSA values were not (P = 0.059). After treatment discontinuation, 36% (24/67), 80% (54/67), and 13% (9/67) of patients demonstrated a decline in aBSI, ALP, and PSA, respectively. As a continuous variable, the relative change in aBSI after treatment, compared with baseline, was significantly associated with OS (P < 0.0001), with a C-index of 0.67. Median OS in patients with both aBSI and ALP decline (median, 134 wk) was significantly longer than in patients with ALP decline only (median, 77 wk; P = 0.029). Conclusion: Both aBSI at baseline and its change at treatment discontinuation were significant parameters associated with OS. The study warrants prospective validation of aBSI as a quantitative imaging response biomarker to predict OS in patients with mCRPC treated with 223Ra.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Hanna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Potent Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase (IRAP) by Olefin Ring-Closing Metathesis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 51, s. 3779-3792
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrocyclic analogues of angiotensin IV (Ang IV, Val1-Tyr2-Ile3-His4-Pro5-Phe6) targeting the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated biologically. Replacement of His4-Pro5-Phe6 by a 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetic acid (AMPAA) moiety and of Val1 and Ile3 by amino acids bearing olefinic side chains followed by macrocyclization provided potent IRAP inhibitors. The impact of the ring size and the type (saturated versus unsaturated), configuration, and position of the carbon–carbon bridge was assessed. The ring size generally affects the potency more than the carbon–carbon bond characteristics. Replacing Tyr2 by β3hTyr or Phe is accepted, while N-methylation of Tyr2 is deleterious for activity. Removal of the carboxyl group in the C-terminal slightly reduced the potency. Inhibitors 7 (Ki = 4.1 nM) and 19 (Ki = 1.8 nM), both encompassing 14-membered ring systems connected to AMPAA, are 10-fold more potent than Ang IV and are also more selective over aminopeptidase N (AP-N). Both compounds displayed high stability against proteolysis by metallopeptidases.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Malmbanan Diaries
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This booklet is a report for a case study visit during four day field trip, a group of nine PhD students and their supervisors – all part of the National Research School for Architecture and Planning in the Urban Landscape, APULA – set out to explore what may be considered the outback of Western Europe’s conurbations, the transnational region of Kiruna -Narvik.Both “remote” and “resourceful”, “threatened” and “thriving” (equally relative notions), this region seemed to offer possibilities to reflect upon many of the current tendencies influencing contemporary planning practice and research.
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| 36. |
- Ankelhed, Daniel, 1980-
(författare)
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On low order controller synthesis using rational constraints
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to design robust controllers, H-infinity synthesis is a common tool to use. The controllers that result from these algorithms are typically of very high order, which complicates implementation. However, if a constraint on the maximum order of the controller is set, that is lower than the order of the plant, the problem is no longer convex and it is then relatively hard to solve. These problems become very complex, even when the order of the system to be controlled is low.The approach used in the thesis is based on formulating the constraint on the maximum order of the plant as a polynomial equation. By using the fact that the polynomial is non-negative on the feasible set, the problem is reformulated as an optimization problem where the nonconvex polynomial function is to be minimized over a convex set defined by linear matrix inequalities.To solve this optimization problem, two methods have been proposed. The first method is a barrier method and the second one is a method based on a primal-dual framework. These methods have been evaluated on several problems and compared with a well-known method found in the literature. To motivate this choice of method, we have made a brief survey of available methods available for solving the same or related problems.The proposed methods emerged as the best methods among the three for finding lower order controllers with the same or similar performance as the full order controller. When the aim is to find the lowest order controller with no worse than +50% increase in the closed loop H-infinity norm, then the three compared methods perform equally well.
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| 37. |
- Aslam, Tayyba N., et al.
(författare)
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A survey of preferences for respiratory support in the intensive care unit for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 67:10, s. 1383-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWhen caring for mechanically ventilated adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), clinicians are faced with an uncertain choice between ventilator modes allowing for spontaneous breaths or ventilation fully controlled by the ventilator. The preferences of clinicians managing such patients, and what motivates their choice of ventilator mode, are largely unknown. To better understand how clinicians preferences may impact the choice of ventilatory support for patients with AHRF, we issued a survey to an international network of intensive care unit (ICU) researchers.MethodsWe distributed an online survey with 32 broadly similar and interlinked questions on how clinicians prioritise spontaneous or controlled ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with AHRF of different severity, and which factors determine their choice.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1337 recipients in 12 countries. Of these, 415 (31%) completed the survey either fully (52%) or partially (48%). Most respondents were identified as medical specialists (87%) or physicians in training (11%). Modes allowing for spontaneous ventilation were considered preferable in mild AHRF, with controlled ventilation considered as progressively more important in moderate and severe AHRF. Among respondents there was strong support (90%) for a randomised clinical trial comparing spontaneous with controlled ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.ConclusionsThe responses from this international survey suggest that there is clinical equipoise for the preferred ventilator mode in patients with AHRF of moderate severity. We found strong support for a randomised trial comparing modes of ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.
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| 38. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The Early Chain of Care in Patients with Bacteraemia with the Emphasis on the Prehospital Setting
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 31:3, s. 272-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about the early phase of severe infection. This report describes the early chain of care in bacteraemia as follows: (a) compare patients who were and were not transported by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS); (b) describe various aspects of the EMS chain; and (c) describe factors of importance for the delay to the start of intravenous antibiotics. It was hypothesized that, for patients with suspected sepsis judged by the EMS clinician, the delay until the onset of antibiotic treatment would be shorter.All patients in the Municipality of Gothenburg (Sweden) with a positive blood culture, when assessed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology in the Municipality of Gothenburg, from February 1 through April 30, 2012 took part in the survey.In all, 696 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 76 years and 52% were men. Of all patients, 308 (44%) had been in contact with the EMS and/or the emergency department (ED). Of these 308 patients, 232 (75%) were transported by the EMS and 188 (61%) had “true pathogens” in blood cultures. Patients who were transported by the EMS were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs.The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in only six percent of the cases. These patients had a delay from arrival at hospital until the start of antibiotics of one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 21 minutes among the remaining patients (P =.0006). The corresponding figures for cases with “true pathogens” were one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 15 minutes (P =.009).Among patients with bacteraemia, 75% used the EMS, and these patients were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs. The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in six percent of cases. Regardless of whether or not patients with true pathogens were isolated, a suspicion of sepsis by the EMS clinician at the scene was associated with a shorter delay to the start of antibiotic treatment.
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| 39. |
- Barbateskovic, Marija, et al.
(författare)
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A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 135, s. 29-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions. Study design and setting: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups. Results: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters. Conclusion: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A Robot Playing Scrabble Using Visual Feedback
- 2000
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes. ; 33:27, s. 551-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today most industrial robot systems use dedicated and rather limited sensors, and available control systems provide limited support for feedback control. Aiming towards more autonomous robot systems, we want to improve flexibility. The game Scrabble is used as a test problem capturing these aspects. Our approach is to incorporate visual servoing and a conventional powerful off-line prograrnrning (OLP) system into the real-time control system, providing task specification and visual debugging. We use the OLP tool Envision from Deneb and an ABB robot with reconfigured control system, where the control system has an Open Robot Control architecture (ORC). The vision system is connected to a host computer and the camera is attached to the robot gripper. By extending the control system, we have designed and implemented both the vision system and the application for the Scrabble game. Our system implementation shows that ORC constitutes a necessary support for incorporation of real-time visual feedback and that OLP may effectively be used with real-time feedback of sensor data.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
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| 44. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 45. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 46. |
- Berntsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulanssjukvården måste bli jämlik
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Helsingborgs Dagblad. - Helsingborg : Helsingborgs Dagblad. - 1103-9388. ; 2013-06-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skiftande vårdkvalité hotar patientsäkerheten inom ambulanssjukvården. Nu måste regeringen och Socialstyrelsen skapa nationella riktlinjer, skriver Nätverket för utbildning av ambulanssjuksköterskor .
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Bjurbom, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Type A Aortic Dissection Repair in Patients With Prior Cardiac Surgery
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 115:3, s. 591-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emergency surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in patients with previous cardiac surgery is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between previous cardiac surgery and outcomes after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection, to appreciate whether emergency surgery can be offered with acceptable risks. Methods: All patients operated on for acute type A aortic dissection between 2005 and 2014 from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection database were eligible. Patients with previous cardiac surgery were compared with patients without previous cardiac surgery. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to identify predictors of 30-day mortality and early major adverse events (a secondary composite endpoint comprising 30-day mortality, perioperative stroke, postoperative cardiac arrest, or de novo dialysis). Results: In all, 1159 patients were included, 40 (3.5%) with previous cardiac surgery. Patients with previous cardiac surgery had higher 30-day mortality (30% vs 17.8%, P = .049), worse medium-term survival (51.7% vs 71.2% at 5 years, log rank P = .020), and higher unadjusted prevalence of major adverse events (52.5% vs 35.7%, P = .030). In multivariable analysis, previous cardiac surgery was not associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio 0.78; 95% CI, 0.30-2.07; P = .624) or major adverse events (odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI, 0.45-2.55, P = .879). Conclusions: Major adverse events after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection were more frequent in patients with previous cardiac surgery. Previous cardiac surgery itself was not an independent predictor for adverse events, although the small sample size precludes definite conclusions. Previous cardiac surgery should not deter from emergency surgery.
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| 49. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Once after a full moon : acute type A aortic dissection and lunar phases
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 34:1, s. 105-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a rare but severe condition, routinely treated with emergent cardiac surgery. Many surgeons have the notion that patients with ATAAD tend to come in clusters, but no studies have examined these observations. This investigation was undertaken to study the potential association between the lunar cycle and the incidence of ATAAD.METHODS: We collected information on 2995 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery at centres from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection collaboration. We cross-referenced the time of surgery with lunar phase using a case-crossover design with 2 different definitions of full moon (>99% illumination and the 7-day full moon period).RESULTS: The period when the moon was illuminated the most (99% definition) did not show any significant increase in incidence for ATAAD surgery. However, when the full moon period was compared with all other moon phases, it yielded a relative risk of 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.17, P = 0.057] and, compared to waxing moon, only the relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.23, P = 0.027). The peak incidence came 4-6 days after the moon was fully illuminated.CONCLUSIONS: This study found an overrepresentation of surgery for ATAAD during the full moon phase. The explanation for this is not known, but we speculate that sleep deprivation during full moon leads to a temporary increase in blood pressure, which in turn could trigger rupture of the aortic wall. While this finding is interesting, it needs to be corroborated and the clinical implications are debateable.
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- Björnfot, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing cerebral arterial pulse wave velocity using 4D flow MRI
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : Sage Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 41:10, s. 2769-2777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracranial arterial stiffening is a potential early marker of emerging cerebrovascular dysfunction and could be mechanistically involved in disease processes detrimental to brain function via several pathways. A prominent consequence of arterial wall stiffening is the increased velocity at which the systolic pressure pulse wave propagates through the vasculature. Previous non-invasive measurements of the pulse wave propagation have been performed on the aorta or extracranial arteries with results linking increased pulse wave velocity to brain pathology. However, there is a lack of intracranial “target-organ” measurements. Here we present a 4D flow MRI method to estimate pulse wave velocity in the intracranial vascular tree. The method utilizes the full detectable branching structure of the cerebral vascular tree in an optimization framework that exploits small temporal shifts that exists between waveforms sampled at varying depths in the vasculature. The method is shown to be stable in an internal consistency test, and of sufficient sensitivity to robustly detect age-related increases in intracranial pulse wave velocity.
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