| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Farley, K.A., et al.
(författare)
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In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the martian surface
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 343:6169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 ± 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced 3He, 21Ne, and 36Ar yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 ± 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation.
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| 3. |
- Arvidson, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Opportunity Mars Rover mission : Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 116, s. E00F15-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opportunity has been traversing the Meridiani plains since 25 January 2004 (sol 1), acquiring numerous observations of the atmosphere, soils, and rocks. This paper provides an overview of key discoveries between sols 511 and 2300, complementing earlier papers covering results from the initial phases of the mission. Key new results include (1) atmospheric argon measurements that demonstrate the importance of atmospheric transport to and from the winter carbon dioxide polar ice caps; (2) observations showing that aeolian ripples covering the plains were generated by easterly winds during an epoch with enhanced Hadley cell circulation; (3) the discovery and characterization of cobbles and boulders that include iron and stony-iron meteorites and Martian impact ejecta; (4) measurements of wall rock strata within Erebus and Victoria craters that provide compelling evidence of formation by aeolian sand deposition, with local reworking within ephemeral lakes; (5) determination that the stratigraphy exposed in the walls of Victoria and Endurance craters show an enrichment of chlorine and depletion of magnesium and sulfur with increasing depth. This result implies that regional-scale aqueous alteration took place before formation of these craters. Most recently, Opportunity has been traversing toward the ancient Endeavour crater. Orbital data show that clay minerals are exposed on its rim. Hydrated sulfate minerals are exposed in plains rocks adjacent to the rim, unlike the surfaces of plains outcrops observed thus far by Opportunity. With continued mechanical health, Opportunity will reach terrains on and around Endeavour's rim that will be markedly different from anything examined to date. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Adams, D, et al.
(författare)
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A large Streamer Chamber muon tracking detector in a high-flux fixed-target application
- 1999
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 435:3, s. 354-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arrays of limited streamer tubes of the Iarocci type were deployed in our experiment at CERN as part of a forward muon detector system with provisions for the beam to pass through the center of each panel in the array. A total of 16 4 m x 4 m panels were
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| 8. |
- Adams, D, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the SMC muon beam polarisation using the asymmetry in the elastic scattering off polarised electrons
- 2000
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 443:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A muon beam polarimeter was built for the SMC experiment at the CERN SPS, for beam energies of 100 and 190 GeV. The beam polarisation is determined from the asymmetry in the elastic scattering off the polarised electrons of a ferromagnetic target whose ma
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Adams, D, et al.
(författare)
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The polarized double cell target of the SMC
- 1999
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 437:1, s. 23-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The polarized target of the Spin Muon Collaboration at CERN was used for deep inelastic muon scattering experiments during 1993-1996 with a polarized muon beam to investigate the spin structure of the nucleon. Most of the experiments were carried out with
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Adeva, B, et al.
(författare)
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Large enhancement of deuteron polarization with frequency modulated microwaves
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 372:3, s. 339-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report a large enhancement of 1.7 in deuteron polarization up to values of 0.6 due to frequency modulation of the polarizing microwaves in a two liter polarized target using the method of dynamic nuclear polarization. This target was used during a deep
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| 13. |
- Adeva, B, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of proton and nitrogen polarization in ammonia and a test of equal spin temperature
- 1998
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 419:1, s. 60-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 1996 data taking of the SMC experiment used polarized protons to measure the spin-dependent structure function g(1) of the proton. Three liters of solid granular ammonia were irradiated at the Bonn electron linac in order to create the paramagnetic ra
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- AMAUDRUZ, P, et al.
(författare)
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A REEVALUATION OF THE NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE FUNCTION RATIOS FOR D, HE, LI-6, C AND CA
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213. ; 441:1-2, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a re-evaluation of the structure function ratios F-2(He)/F-2(D), F-2(C)/F-2(D) and F-2(Ca)/F-2(D) measured in deep inelastic muon-nucleus scattering at an incident muon momentum of 200 GeV. We also present the ratios F-2(C)/F-2(Li), F-2(Ca)/F-2
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| 17. |
- Arneodo, M, et al.
(författare)
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Accurate measurement of F-2(d)/F-2(p) and R(d)-R(p)
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213. ; 487:1-2, s. 3-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented for F-2(d)/F-2(p) and R(d) - R(p) from simultaneous measurements of deep inelastic muon scattering on hydrogen and deuterium targets, at 90, 120, 200 and 280 GeV. The difference R(d) - R(p), determined in the range 0.002 < x < 0.4 at
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Arneodo, M, et al.
(författare)
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The A dependence of the nuclear structure function ratios
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213. ; 481:1-2, s. 3-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented for six nuclei from Be to Pb on the structure function ratios F-2(A)/F-2(C)(X) and their A dependence in deep inelastic muon scattering at 200 GeV incident: muon energy. The data cover the kinematic range 0.01 < x < 0.8 with Q(2) ran
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- ARNEODO, M, et al.
(författare)
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THE STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RATIOS F-2(LI)/F-2(D) AND F-2(C)/F-2(D) AT SMALL-X
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213. ; 441:1-2, s. 12-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the structure function ratios F-2(Li)/F-2(D) and F-2(C)/F-2(D) measured in deep inelastic muon-nucleus scattering at a nominal incident muon energy of 200 GeV. The kinematic range 10(-4) < x < 0.7 and 0.01 < Q(2) < 70 GeV2 is covered. For value
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| 23. |
- Bystrova, K., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Russian Maternity Home routines on breastfeeding and neonatal weight loss with special reference to swaddling
- 2007
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 83:1, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few investigations have considered evaluating the effects of certain combinations of ward routines like swaddling of the baby and separation of mother and baby on infant variables such as neonatal weight toss. Aims: To study the effect of different ward routines in respect to proximity to mother and type of infant apparel, on breastfeeding parameters (amount of ingested milk, volume of supplements, number of breastfeeds, total duration of breastfeeding time) day 4 after birth as well as recovery from neonatal weight loss and infant's weight on day 5. Study design and subjects: In a randomized trial with factorial design four treatment groups including 176 mother-infant dyads were studied 25-120 min after birth. Randomized treatments focused on care routines administered to the infants after delivery and later in the maternity ward as well as to the type of clothing the infants received. Group 1 infants were placed skin-to-skin with their mothers after delivery, and had rooming-in while in the maternity ward. Group 2 infants were dressed and placed in their mothers' arms after delivery, and roomed-in with mothers in the maternity ward. Group 3 infants were kept in the nursery both after birth and while their mothers were in the maternity ward. Group 4 infants were kept in the nursery after birth, but roomed-in with their mothers in the maternity ward. Equal numbers of infants were either swaddled or clothed in baby attire. Breastfeeding parameters were documented during day 4 after birth. Infant's weight was measured daily. Results: Babies who were kept in the nursery received significantly more formula and significantly less breast-milk, than did babies who roomed-in with their mothers. Swaddling did not influence the breastfeeding parameters measured. However, swaddled babies who had experienced a 2-h separation period after birth and then were reunited with their mothers tended to have a delayed recovery of weight loss compared to those infants who were exposed to the same treatment but dressed in clothes. Furthermore, swaddled babies who were kept in the nursery and received breast-milk supplements had a significantly delayed recovery of weight loss after birth when compared to those infants ingesting only breast-milk. On day 5, regression analyses of predicted weight gain in the exclusively breastfed infants indicated a significant increase per 100 ml breast-milk (59 g), compared to the predicted weight gain on day 5 per 100 ml supplements in the swaddled babies (14 g) (P=0.001). Conclusion: Supplements given to the infants in the nursery had a negative influence on the amount of milk ingested. In addition, supplement feeding or a short separation after birth when combined with swaddling was shown to have a negative consequence to infant weight gain.
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| 24. |
- Lanza, Nina L., et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 43:14, s. 7398-7407
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25wt % MnO) in fracture-filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn-oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Dulya, C, et al.
(författare)
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A line-shape analysis for spin-1 NMR signals
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 398:2-3, s. 109-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An analytic model of the deuteron absorption function has been developed and is compared to experimental NMR signals of deuterated butanol obtained at the SMC experiment in order to determine the deuteron polarization. The absorption function model includ
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| 28. |
- Jonas, Wibke, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of oxytocin or epidural analgesia on personality profile in breastfeeding women : a comparative study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 11:5-6, s. 335-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women undergo physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy, labor and lactation. The psychological adaptations can be affective, cognitive and behavioral and can be measured by dimensional personality instruments. This study aims to compare (1) the personality profile in mothers after birth with a normative group of non-lactating women and to examine (2) whether the personality profile differs 2 days, 2 months and 6 months after birth between mothers who have been exposed to epidural anesthesia, oxytocin administration or neither. Sixty-nine primiparae were assigned to four groups: mothers having received oxytocin infusion during labor (OT iv group, n=9), mothers having received epidural analgesia with/without oxytocin infusion (EDA group, n=23), mothers having received 10 iU oxytocin intramuscularly after birth (OT im group, n=15) and mothers having received none of these treatments (unmedicated group, n=22). At 2 days and 2 and 6 months postpartum mothers completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). The unmedicated, the OT iv- and OT im groups scored significantly lower on anxiety and aggression related scales and higher on the socialization subscale during the entire observation period when compared with a normative group. These differences were not observed in the EDA group 2 days postpartum. At´2 and 6 months postpartum, the scores of the EDA group had changed significantly and were almost similar to the KSP scores of the other groups. ANCOVA analysis revealed that OT infusion, over and above the effects of EDA, was associated with decreased levels of several anxiety and aggression subscales. We conclude that women who received exogenous oxytocin during labor show similar positive personality traits during breastfeeding such as reduction in anxiety and aggression and increasing socialization, including maternal behavior, that have previously been ascribed to endogenous oxytocin. More importantly, these effects were not seen at 2 days postpartum in women who received epidural anesthesia during labor.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Newsom, Horton E., et al.
(författare)
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Gale crater and impact processes – Curiosity’s first 364 Sols on Mars
- 2015
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 249, s. 108-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impact processes at all scales have been involved in the formation and subsequent evolution of Gale crater. Small impact craters in the vicinity of the Curiosity MSL landing site and rover traverse during the 364 Sols after landing have been studied both from orbit and the surface. Evidence for the effect of impacts on basement outcrops may include loose blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, and disrupted (fractured) sedimentary layers, which are not obviously displaced by erosion. Impact ejecta blankets are likely to be present, but in the absence of distinct glass or impact melt phases are difficult to distinguish from sedimentary/volcaniclastic breccia and conglomerate deposits. The occurrence of individual blocks with diverse petrological characteristics, including igneous textures, have been identified across the surface of Bradbury Rise, and some of these blocks may represent distal ejecta from larger craters in the vicinity of Gale. Distal ejecta may also occur in the form of impact spherules identified in the sediments and drift material. Possible examples of impactites in the form of shatter cones, shocked rocks, and ropy textured fragments of materials that may have been molten have been observed, but cannot be uniquely confirmed. Modification by aeolian processes of craters smaller than 40 m in diameter observed in this study, are indicated by erosion of crater rims, and infill of craters with aeolian and airfall dust deposits. Estimates for resurfacing suggest that craters less than 15 m in diameter may represent steady state between production and destruction. The smallest candidate impact crater observed is ∼0.6 m in diameter. The observed crater record and other data are consistent with a resurfacing rate of the order of 10 mm/Myr; considerably greater than the rate from impact cratering alone, but remarkably lower than terrestrial erosion rates.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Wiklund, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study in Stockholm, Sweden of labour outcome and women's perceptions of being referred in labour
- 2002
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 18:3, s. 193-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to study the outcome of labour and women's perceptions of being referred after onset of labour. Design: a comparative study carried out between October 1998 and April 1999. Setting: prospective parents in Stockholm, Sweden are offered a choice of which of the five hospitals in which they want to give birth. In reality, there is a lack of maternity beds in Stockholm to implement this policy and therefore nearly 10% of labouring women are being referred during labour. Participants: the study population was selected from one of the five hospitals. Included in the study were 266 labouring women, with a 37-42 weeks uncomplicated pregnancy, fetus presenting by the vertex and spontaneous onset of labour. During pregnancy, all the women had chosen the same labour ward where they planned to deliver. However, at the onset of labour half of the women, case group I (n = 133) were referred to another maternity unit due to lack of space in the labour ward. For every referred woman a control woman matched for age, parity and date of delivery was selected, with the same inclusion criteria, except being referred, control group II (n = 133). Methods: a questionnaire with closed and open questions was posted to the women after birth and used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the outcome of labour and the women's perceptions of referral during labour. Findings: routines such as epidural analgesia (EDA) (p < 0.002), episiotomies (p < 0.015) and morphine/pethidine during labour (p < 0.023) were more common in the referred group. The women in the referred group considered to a higher extent that referral during labour had affected their emotional state (p < 0.001). Women in both groups had been worried during pregnancy by the thought of having to be referred when labour had started and the referral had caused practical problems, stress and a feeling of not being welcome in the referral labour ward. Key conclusion and implications for practice: referral during established normal labour may affect labour outcome, and the possibility that they may be referred worries women during pregnancy. Maternity policies and practices should be organised so that caring goals, such as continuity of care and women's' participation in birth planning, can be met. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Using optical tweezers for measuring the interaction forces between human bone cells and implant surfaces: System design and force calibration
- 2007
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Ingår i: Rev Sci Instrum. - : AIP Publishing. ; 78:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical tweezers were used to study the interaction and attachment of human bone cells to various types of medical implant materials. Ideally, the implant should facilitate cell attachment and promote migration of the progenitor cells in order to decrease the healing time. It is therefore of interest, in a controlled manner, to be able to monitor the cell adhesion process. Results from such studies would help foresee the clinical outcome of integrating medical implants. The interactions between two primary cell culture models, human gingival fibroblasts and bone forming human osteoblast cells, and three different implant materials, glass, titanium, and hydroxyapatite, were studied. A novel type of optical tweezers, which has a newly designed quadrant detector and a powerful 3 W laser was constructed and force calibrated using two different methods: one method in which the stiffness of the optical trap was obtained by monitoring the phase lag between the trap and the moved object when imposing a forced oscillation on the trapped object and another method in which the maximum trapping force was derived from the critical velocity at which the object escapes the trap. Polystyrene beads as well as cells were utilized for the calibrations. This is the first time that cells have been used directly for these types of force calibrations and, hence, direct measurements of forces exerted on cells can be performed, thus avoiding the difficulties often encountered when translating the results obtained from cell measurements to the calibrations obtained with reference materials. This more straightforward approach represents an advantage in comparison to established methods.
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| 35. |
- Armuand, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Physicians' self-reported practice behaviour regarding fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 26:10, s. 1684-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate practice behaviours of Swedish physicians with regard to discussing the impact of cancer treatment on fertility with paediatric oncology patients and their parents, and to identify factors associated with such discussions.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted targeting all physicians in Sweden working in paediatric oncology care settings. Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring practice behaviour, attitudes, barriers, and confidence in knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with seldom discussing fertility.RESULTS: More than half of the physicians routinely talked with their patients/parents about the treatment's potential impact on fertility (male patients: 62%; female patients: 57%; P = 0.570). Factors associated with less frequently discussing fertility with patients/parents were working at a non-university hospital (male patients: OR 11.49, CI 1.98-66.67; female patients: OR 33.18, CI 4.06-271.07), concerns that the topic would cause worry (male patients: OR 8.23, CI 1.48-45.89; female patients: OR 12.38, CI 1.90-80.70), and perceiving the parents as anxious (male patients: OR 7.18, CI 1.20-42.85; female patients: OR 11.65, CI 1.32-103.17).CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we recommend structured training in how to communicate about fertility issues in stressful situations, which in turn might increase fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Arvidson, E., et al.
(författare)
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The level of leisure time physical activity is associated with work ability-a cross sectional and prospective study of health care workers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13:855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: With increasing age, physical capacity decreases, while the need and time for recovery increases. At the same time, the demands of work usually do not change with age. In the near future, an aging and physically changing workforce risks reduced work ability. Therefore, the impact of different factors, such as physical activity, on work ability is of interest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity and work ability using both cross sectional and prospective analyses. Methods: This study was based on an extensive questionnaire survey. The number of participants included in the analysis at baseline in 2004 was 2.783, of whom 2.597 were also included in the follow-up in 2006. The primary outcome measure was the Work Ability Index (WAI), and the level of physical activity was measured using a single-item question. In the cross-sectional analysis we calculated the level of physical activity and the prevalence of poor or moderate work ability as reported by the participants. In the prospective analysis we calculated different levels of physical activity and the prevalence of positive changes in WAI-category from baseline to follow-up. In both the cross sectional and the prospective analyses the prevalence ratio was calculated using Generalized Linear Models. Results: The cross-sectional analysis showed that with an increased level of physical activity, the reporting of poor or moderate work ability decreased. In the prospective analysis, participants reporting a higher level of physical activity were more likely to have made an improvement in WAI from 2004 to 2006. Conclusions: The level of physical activity seems to be related to work ability. Assessment of physical activity may also be useful as a predictive tool, potentially making it possible to prevent poor work ability and improve future work ability. For employers, the main implications of this study are the importance of promoting and facilitating the employees' engagement in physical activity, and the importance of the employees' maintaining a physically active lifestyle.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Arvidson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Bone regeneration and stem cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 15:4, s. 718-746
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Bone fracture healing and healing problems Biomaterial scaffolds and tissue engineering in bone formation Bone tissue engineering Biomaterial scaffolds Synthetic scaffolds Micro- and nanostructural properties of scaffolds Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis Bone tissue Origin of osteoblasts Isolation and characterization of bone marrow derived MSC In vitro differentiation of MSC into osteoblast lineage cells In vivo differentiation of MSC into bone Factors and pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation of hMSC Defining the relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from MSC MSC and sex hormones Effect of aging on osteoblastogenesis Conclusion Embryonic, foetal and adult stem cells in osteogenesis Cell-based therapies for bone Specific features of bone cells needed to be advantageous for clinical use Development of therapeutic biological agents Clinical application concerns Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors and osteogenesis PRP effects in vitro on the cells involved in bone repair PRP effects on osteoblasts PRP effects on osteoclasts PRP effects on endothelial cells PRP effects in vivo on experimental animals The clinical use of PRP for bone repair Non-union Distraction osteogenesis Spinal fusion Foot and ankle surgery Total knee arthroplasty Odontostomatology and maxillofacial surgery Conclusion Molecular control of osteogenesis TGF-beta signalling FGF signalling IGF signalling PDGF signalling MAPK signalling pathway Wnt signalling pathway Hedgehog signalling Notch signalling Ephrin signalling Transcription factors regulating osteoblast differentiation Conclusion Summary This invited review covers research areas of central importance for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone tissue repair, including normal fracture healing and healing problems, biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering, mesenchymal and foetal stem cells, effects of sex steroids on mesenchymal stem cells, use of platelet-rich plasma for tissue repair, osteogenesis and its molecular markers. A variety of cells in addition to stem cells, as well as advances in materials science to meet specific requirements for bone and soft tissue regeneration by addition of bioactive molecules, are discussed.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Arvidson, Nils Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of the TNFalpha antagonist infliximab on the acute phase reaction and activities of daily life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 67:3, s. 337-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the short-term effects of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antagonist infliximab on the acute phase reaction and activities of daily life (ADL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Fourteen patients with active RA were treated with an intravenous infusion of 200 mg infliximab. The values of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, granulocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count and a patient questionnaire score on ADL, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), were obtained at baseline and on days 4 and 14. The significance levels and effect sizes (ESs) of the changes from baseline were calculated. Results. Changes by day 4: The ESs and significance levels were: CRP 1.7, p<0.005; lymphocyte count 1.4, p<0.005; fibrinogen 0.9, p<0.005; ESR 0.7, p<0.005; and HAQ 0.6, p<0.01. Changes by day 14: CRP 1.6, p<0.005; ESR 1.5, p<0.005; fibrinogen 1.3, p<0.005; lymphocyte count 1.0, p<0.005; granulocyte count 0.7, p<0.05; and HAQ 0.6, p<0.05. Conclusion. CRP, fibrinogen and ESR showed the largest ESs and were thus the most sensitive variables showing the early effect of infliximab in this study. The score on ADL (HAQ) showed less ES, but still significant short-term improvements.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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|
