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| 3. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978
(författare)
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Business Incubators as Networks - How and Why?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEI 2008 The 3rd European Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - 9781906638153 ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing processes in longitudinal multiple case studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501. ; 41:2, s. 235-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses and suggests a methodological approach to capture processes in multiple case studies. While single case studies may address processes in an inductive or abductive manner, multiple case studies entail a stronger need for analytical frameworks and methodological tools developed ex ante in order to maintain focus on the same phenomena across cases and over time. This is, however, difficult to pursue in studies that focus on processes. The aim of the paper is to suggest an approach to longitudinal multiple case studies. We use an example of an on-going multiple case study aiming at capturing the processes of strategizing in terms of how the networking of start-up companies interplays with their ideas of future network positions. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of a combination of narratives and network drawings. Network drawings can be instrumental in capturing the past, the present and the future at different points in time for the individual cases. Based on these descriptions, change patterns and how these evolve can be analyzed and compared across cases and over time.
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| 7. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978
(författare)
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Explaining incubators using firm analogy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4972. ; 29:10, s. 657-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incubators are initiated to accelerate the development of new technology-based firms. Policy actors see them as a tool to initiate or revive innovativeness in regions and universities as a way to commercialize research results. However, even though the intended results of the incubator are good it is not known how the incubator should be managed and organized in order to achieve this end. When faced with a new type of organizations analogies can provide insights gathered from other contexts. To contribute to the further understanding of incubators this paper discuss the implications, in terms of highlighted dimensions and further clarifications needed when using the analogy of a firm. The paper uses empirical findings from six incubators. The discussion shows it is not clear who is the actual customer of the incubator. For example, can the policy actors that provide the funding to the incubator be seen as a customer paying for the service of regional revival and the NTBFs customers when their fees are not in relation to the services they are provided? In the discussion it is suggested that the incubator can have many customers with different value creation processes or no customers depending on the viewpoint taken.
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| 8. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the roles of university spin-offs in business networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 59, s. 157-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies different university spin-off (USO) roles related to resource interaction among business parties. It does so by mapping how USOs become part of business networks in terms of their roles relative to other parties. The theoretical frame of reference focuses on roles and resource interaction based on an industrial network approach to business markets. The empirical research is based on five cases of USOs representing a variety in terms of technology, degree of newness, sector, and area of application. As a result of the analysis, three different roles are identified: the USO as resource mediator, resource re-combiner and resource renewer. These roles reflect how USOs adapt resources to, or require changes among, business parties' resources. The paper also discusses the main resource interfaces associated with the three roles and related challenges. The paper contributes to previous research through illustrating USOs' roles relative to business parties from a resource interaction point of view, and by pointing to the establishment of new companies in business networks as a way of implementing innovation. Finally, the paper discusses the managerial implications of the research in terms of the USO's need to understand which role to take and how to develop it.
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| 9. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Incubator performance : An efficiency frontier analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. - 1751-0252 .- 1751-0260. ; 2:4, s. 354-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessments and evaluations of incubators has been a topic of discussion for as long as incubators have been in existence due to the fact that there has not been an agreement on how to determine good performance. This paper demonstrates the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) when studying performance of incubators. More specifically, it does so within the four dimensions of cooperation with universities, business networks, external funding and competence development on a sample of 16 Swedish incubators. We show that DEA enables us to measure non-numerical dimensions, and to simultaneously take into account the efforts made by both the incubator and the outcomes. Moreover, DEA provides benchmarks and, based on a model that divides the incubators into four different groups, illustrates the difference between the benchmark and the incubators' current situation.
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| 10. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978
(författare)
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Incubators and incubation -Resources and activities in relation to different actors
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTIncubators prepare new technology-based firms (NTBFs) for the obstacles ahead, they complement and develop the entrepreneurial ability of the firm founder, advise regarding financing, as well as providing structure and credibility to the firm. Incubators accelerate the development of the firms towards growth, create an entrepreneurial and innovative climate in the region, and contribute to the commercialization of research results from the university. There are many descriptions but still there remains the difficulty of understanding what an incubator is, and what it does. There is a great difference between incubators due to them having been formed in relation to different actors who have varying histories. Based on the appended papers the principal actors in relation to incubators are: the incubator, the NTBFs, the university, the policy actors and the financial actors. Moreover, the part played by the incubator differs depending on the roles in relation to the different actors, and they often have more than one role in relation to the same actor. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to explore incubation in relation to different actors. The exploration includes five appended papers. Three of the papers focus on the role of the incubators when helping the NTBFs find and utilize resources. The three types of resources are knowledge, financing and relationships. The two remaining papers focus on the incubator as an organization with particular interest in value creation and efficiency. All five appended papers are written using the resource-based view. In the cover paper the findings in the appended papers are reflected upon using the industrial network approach in order to provide another perspective, focusing on relationships as opportunities leading to an understanding of incubators and incubation. In the cover paper principal actors, activities and resources are explored. The NTBFs are developed through the incubation with the help of resources contributed by the other actors. Additional to the development, the cover paper discussed other activities included in the incubation, i.e. mediation, innovation and acceleration. These activities enable actors to access and combine resources, within and across firm boundaries, that they would otherwise have difficulties combining at that point in time, as quickly or in that way. The relationships of the incubator enable mediation of contacts between actors who are otherwise reluctant to collaborate. Through these collaborations new resource combinations may be found. Resource combinations in already existing relationship can be found using experience from other relationships. In other words, the relationships of the incubator contribute to innovation among the actors. Furthermore, the relationships of the incubator contribute to the acceleration of the NTBFs’ development by being a trusted third party actor, and by contributing to the coordination of actors aiming at improving the innovative climate. Hence, relationships are a special kind of resource for the incubators. The importance of the relationships for the incubators implies that the critical issues might not be to pick NTBFs based on criteria for growth potential, but rather on the ability to form and develop relationships for themselves, as well as the NTBF, in order to develop the firm. Furthermore, arguments regarding the increasing homogeneity among Swedish incubators are based on the rather formalized relationships with the policy actors where incubators tend to play rather similar roles. The heterogeneity is likely to be perceived as larger from the perspective of relationships that are more context specific. Moreover, the relationships, activities and combination of resources cross-fertilize each other without a natural or manageable direction that cannot be controlled by one or a few of the actors involved. After the concluding discussion there is a retrospection of the development of the thesis and the empirical material, which is based on qualitative and quantitative data that has been gathered within the Swedish incubator program mainly during 1999, 2005 and 2006.
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| 11. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978
(författare)
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Incubators and new technology-based firms - A resource-based view of development
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New technology-based firms (NTBFs) are based upon the exploitation of a new technology. This often means that there are few other than the founder who understands the technology, and in addition the firm often aims at serving a market in a new way or operating on a presently non-existent one. Therefore, it can be hard to determine the future potential of NTBFs, and this causes growth constraints on the firm. However, the NTBFs that do survive contribute to industrial and regional growth on a long-term perspective through, for example, knowledge spillovers as well as finding and developing product concepts. The incubator on the other hand can be seen as a provider or mediator accelerating the development of promising NTBFs. As a provider the incubator mobilizes resources and adjusts them to the needs of the particular NTBF. The mediator role can instead be seen when the incubator connects the NTBF to members of the incubators external network.The basis of the resource-based view is that a competitive advantage comes from the heterogeneity in terms of resources between firms. Imitability of valuable resources makes the competitive advantage sustainable. The newness of the NTBFs implies that they are in the process of trying to obtain or develop their resources. These resources include capabilities that determine how well the organization is able to perform a certain task. Furthermore, resources like funding, patenting, human resources and intangible resources are needed. Similarly, the incubator benefits from knowledge workers, funding and continuous improvements of the knowledge base in order to serve the NTBFs and maintain fruitful external relations. Consequently, this thesis has the purpose of exploring how the obtaining of resources link incubators and NTBFs. This exploration includes three papers in which the first two are devoted to the incubator, and the NTBFs respectively, in order to understand the resource needs of these two types of organizations. However, the third paper focuses on the links between the incubator and the NTBF in terms of providing links to external actors. Further, the exploration includes empirical findings from both qualitative and quantitative data that have been gathered within the Swedish incubator program during 1999 and 2005. The concluding discussion suggests that the human and knowledge resources of the incubator increase the external resources and the capabilities of the NTBFs. A successful NTBF in turn improves the human and knowledge resources of the incubator through knowledge sharing and an increased reputation. An increased survival rate of NTBFs will also positively affect the public funding of the incubator. It is in this way that a positive spiral is created where the resources of the incubator accumulate as more and more successful NTBFs are generated. Failing NTBFs will, on the other hand, also make it more difficult for the incubator to obtain and maintain resources. Seeing the connections between incubators and NTBFs in this way further emphasizes the element of path dependency in the development of these organizations. Subsequently, there is also a long-term aspect of the expected results on regions and industries from public investments made in them.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Nourishment for the piggy bank : facilitation of external financing in incubators
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation. - : Inderscience. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 10 3-4, s. 354-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we argue that incubators facilitate access to external financing for their incubatees. Incubators use a wide range of activities to facilitate the accessing of external financing from public and private sources. We have grouped these into two sets of activities. The general activities aim to develop the conditions for external financing through information, education of incubatees, network-building and lobbying activities. The specific activities aim to assist the individual incubatee in their pursuit of external finance through help in application procedures, establishing need for capital, making contacts with the best public or private investor, etc. Based on the survey data, we have also shown that it is more common for incubatees to attract external capital compared to non-incubator firms. The incubatees seem especially successful in attracting public capital. The incubatees also attract more private external capital, however, the observed frequency of private capital in the incubatees are low.
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| 14. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship development patterns of university-based start-ups
- 2021
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Ingår i: A Research Agenda for the Entrepreneurial University. ; , s. 207-228
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present chapter, we focus on how start-ups become embedded in the university and industry context(s) in order to suggest a research agenda for a more systemic approach to university and industry actors when studying start-up development in entrepreneurial universities. More specifically, the story should not end in business formation but an entrepreneurial university also has roles in the further development of start-ups originating both from the university and industry. We base our suggested research agenda on a case study of the automotive and transport cluster in Western Sweden, which is established as both an academic context and an industry context. We relied both on secondary data about the case as such as well as primary data about the relationship development patterns of the 9 start-ups in the cluster. We identified 5 different patterns of how start-ups become embedded. Arguing that the development and success of university-based start-ups have to be understood in terms of how they embed in their context(s) entails several important implications for further studies connected to additional details of the development patterns, the roles universities play in the networking and embedding of start-ups and the design of collaborative platforms for collaboration between various actors.
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| 15. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Start-ups repositioning in business networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurial Process and Social Networks: A Dynamic Perspective. - 9781785364884 ; , s. 113-126
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Strategizing as networking for a new venture
- 2012
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Ingår i: 22nd Nordic Workshop on Interorganisational Research, Trondheim, Norway, August 16-18.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Transfer Offices, Incubators, and Intellectual Property Management
- 2016
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Ingår i: 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a systematic literature review of the intersection between intellectual property (IP) management, technology transfer offices (TTOs) and incubators (and to some degree also science parks) in order to find out how incubators and/or TTOs support and work with patenting and IP management in startups. IP management is an important issue for the competitiveness of technology based startups and a difficult issue due to the resources needed to obtain, monitor and enforce IP rights. Understanding how the support organizations facilitate this work is therefore of importance for the startups as well as for universities and policy actors seeking to support technology transfer. The identified publications were systematized according to the actor in focus and whether the paper discussed IP as an output or as a strategic focus. The literature review showed that this literature tends to adopt a simplistic view of IP management, not taking all strategies into account. The literature typically narrows the focus down to a simplistic view of trying to increase the patent output of TTOs and incubators, and the related firms and/or universities.
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| 27. |
- Assarlind, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A Process Analysis of an Implementation of Lean Six Sigma in a Manufacturing Medium-Sized Enterprise
- 2013
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Ingår i: 20th EurOMA Conference, 9-11 June, Dublin.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper we study the gradual adoption of Lean Six Sigma in a medium-sized Swedish manufacturing company. We identify converters moving the process forward or backward and inhibitors that cause the process to linger. We find that the activities that initially were moving the process forward were not enough to move the process beyond its current point. However, the increased knowledge of Lean Six Sigma in the organization now prevents the process from moving backwards. The paper contributes to the understanding of combining Lean and Six Sigma, improvement work in SMEs, and ex-post analyses of gradual adoptions of improvement work.
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| 28. |
- Assarlind, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Forces affecting one Lean Six Sigma adoption process
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. - 2040-4166 .- 2040-4174. ; 5:3, s. 324-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify forces (in the form of converters and inhibitors) of Lean Six Sigma adoption by studying the gradual adoption of Lean Six Sigma in a medium-sized Swedish manufacturing company. The paper suggests how the converters and inhibitors interact toward increased maturity of the adoption and, in this case, stagnation thereof.Design/methodology/approachThirteen interviews were recorded and analyzed to identify converters that were moving the process forward or backward, as well as inhibitors that caused it to linger.FindingsIt was discovered that activities that had initially moved the process forward were not sufficient to move it beyond its current point. However, an increased knowledge of Lean Six Sigma throughout the organization now prevents the process from moving in the opposite direction. In this medium-sized Swedish manufacturing company, Lean Six Sigma becomes a framework for thought and communication during Lean work.Research limitations/implicationsThe study benefited from considering forces pushing the process forward as well as backward. Thus, we suggest that future studies will benefit from focusing beyond critical success factors (CSFs) that may at times be static in nature. As a limitation, for discussions about the past, the memories of interviewees generally may have a tendency to be biased.Originality/valueThe paper contributes knowledge of Lean Six Sigma adoptions and how they may attain greater future success by reporting on difficulties and setbacks in the current gradual adoption process in a chosen company.
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| 29. |
- Haneberg, D. H., et al.
(författare)
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Teaching and facilitating action-based entrepreneurship education: Addressing challenges towards a research agenda
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Management Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-8117. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship education is an increasingly distinct domain with particular approaches emphasizing experiential and action-based design. Action-based entrepreneurship education aims to deliver authenticity in entrepreneurial experiences while simultaneously facilitating learning and fair assessment. A venture creation program (VCP) is one such type of action-based entrepreneurship education which uses the creation of a new venture as the main vehicle for students' learning, complemented with more traditional educational content. Engaging students in creating real-life ventures enables unique opportunities for learning but introduces a tension between didactic and pragmatic approaches and thus various challenges for educators. This paper's purpose is to address current controversies related to VCPs and offer research-driven suggestions to key challenges. The empirical investigation, consisting of focus group data and individual interviews, builds on the accumulated knowledge of a global collaborative forum for VCPs—the VCP Forum—which consists of 11 VCPs in six countries in Europe and North America. The findings highlight three main areas that present challenges to educators: (1) facilitating students' venture creation processes, (2) assessment of the students' work connected to real-life activity, and (3) mitigating interaction with external stakeholders. The present paper contributes to entrepreneurship education research by suggesting areas for pedagogic development that need further investigation.
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| 30. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A literature review of intellectual property management in technology transfer offices: From appropriation to utilization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Technology in Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-791X. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic literature review of the intersection between intellectual property (IP) management and technology transfer offices (TTOs) in the context of universities in order to understand how TTOs manage IP. IP management is an important issue, as it both enables and restricts the utilization of research results and impacts the competitiveness of technology-based businesses. The literature review shows that previous studies of IP management in TTOs tend to adopt a simplistic view of IP management, recommending that all valuable inventions should be patented. Moreover, academic research into TTOs and actual TTO practices both appear to focus on improving efficiency and outputs measured in terms of numbers of patents, licenses and spin-offs. We call this established view the appropriation mode of TTOs and question it based on the logics of publicly funded research and modern IP management. In its place, we suggest the utilization mode of TTOs , in which TTOs manage IP from publicly funded research in order to govern innovation processes and enable utilization of research results in a broader sense. Several recommendations are provided for both researchers and practitioners.
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| 31. |
- Lind, Frida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring university-industry collaboration in research centres
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1460-1060. ; 16:1, s. 70-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore university‐industry collaboration in research centres.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on an explorative study of three research centres at a technical university in Sweden, using in‐depth interviews. The three research centres, Alpha, Beta and Gamma, have various degrees of involvement with industry.FindingsA total of four broad forms of collaboration are suggested: distanced, translational, specified and developed collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows that the different institutional logics of academic actors, industry actors and funding agencies can be present in collaborations in (at least) four different ways resulting in four different types of research processes. Since not all actors are likely to be equally satisfied in all types of collaborations, the continued development of the research centres will be at risk.Practical implicationsIf the role of the research centre is to be a forum for collaboration, the research centre has to be a good mediator between the actors in order to ensure their satisfaction with the research centre within and between projects. If, in contrast, the role of the research centre is to be a facilitator of collaboration, the research centre needs to enable the actors to learn how to interact with each other in order for the distanced, translational, specified collaboration to evolve into developed collaboration.Originality/valueFew studies have focused on the collaborations per se in research centres, taking the different institutional logics of the actors involved in the collaboration into account.
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