| 1. |
- Taal, H. Rob, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:5, s. 532-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.
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| 2. |
- Ikram, M. Arfan, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at 6q22 and 17q21 are associated with intracranial volume
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:5, s. 539-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 x 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 x 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 x 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 x 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size.
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| 3. |
- Haugen, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat area
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies; Amsterdam; 19-23 September 2010. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 4, s. 2324-2331
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an ongoing project with the aim to assess a CO 2 infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region (the sea bordered by north of Denmark, south coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden). The area comprises 10-12 CO2 emission sources of more than 0.5 Mt/year. The geological and geophysical assessment of CO2 storage potential in the described area as well as reservoir modelling and simulations are performed in work package (WP) 1. The results from WP1 are used in the other work packages. Candidate storage sites are matched with those point sources in the region that are technically and economically feasible for CO2 capture, together with an assessment of the connecting infrastructure needs. WP 2 focuses on identifying optimal technological CO2 infrastructure solutions. Sources-to-sink solutions are in the process of being developed based on input from WP1 and WP3. Assessment of the build-up of a complete CCS infrastructure from a system perspective is the overall focus of WP 3, covering economical, practical and judicial aspects. The project group explores the economic potential for capture at each individual site including looking at other CO2 mitigation options and propose relevant capture technology with cost estimations. Dissemination of project results is organized in a separate work package, WP4.
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| 4. |
- Haugen, H.A., et al.
(författare)
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Infrastructure for CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region, Southern Scandinavia: A feasibility study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 37, s. 2562-2569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives an overview of results from a project which explored the feasibility of establishing a CO2 Capture and Storage infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region of Southern Scandinavia. This involves assessment of the technical and economic parameters of the complete CCS chain and, in particular, identification of possible storage locations. The project ran from June 2009 to December 2011. Emissions from three major industrial clusters in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region - Gothenburg in Sweden, Grenland in Telemark County, southern Norway and Aalborg in Denmark - were targeted. Both emissions from process industries as well as power plants were included.
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| 5. |
- Helge, E. W., et al.
(författare)
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Recreational football training decreases risk factors for bone fractures in untrained premenopausal women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 20:s1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present intervention was designed to investigate whether a 14-week period of regular recreational association football (F) or endurance running (R) has an effect on the risk of falls and bone fractures due to gains in muscle function and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Fifty healthy untrained Danish premenopausal women were randomized into two training groups (F and R) that trained 1.8 +/- 0.3 (+/- SD) and 1.9 +/- 0.3 h/week, respectively, and these groups were compared with an inactive control group (C). Jumping and dynamic muscle strength were tested and tibial vBMD was measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Total vBMD in left and right tibia increased by 2.6 +/- 2.3% and 2.1 +/- 1.8% (P < 0.005), respectively, in F and by 0.7 +/- 1.3% (P=0.05) and 1.1 +/- 1.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, in R without any significant changes in C. Similar results were found for trabecular vBMD. In F, peak jump power increased by 3 +/- 6% (P < 0.05), and hamstring strength during fast (240 degrees/s) and slow (30 degrees/s) contractions increased by 11 +/- 25% and 9 +/- 21%, respectively, (P < 0.05) without any significant changes in R or C. In conclusion, 14 weeks of regular recreational football improved peak jump power, maximal hamstring strength and vBMD in the distal tibia, suggesting a decreased fracture risk due to stronger bones and a reduced risk of falling.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 118:1, s. 11-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The review describes the fitness and health effects of recreational football in women aged 18-65 years. The review documents that 2×1 h of recreational football training for 12-16 weeks causes marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (5-15%) and myocardial function in women. Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure was shown to decrease by 2-5 mmHg in normotensive women and 6-8 mmHg in hypertensive women. This review also show that short-term (<4 months) and medium-term (4-16 months) recreational football training has major beneficial impact on metabolic health profile in women, with fat losses of 1-3 kg and improvements in blood lipid profile. Lastly, 2×1 h per week of recreational football training for women elevates lower extremity bone mineralisation by 1-5% and whole-body bone mineralization by 1-2% within 4-12-month interventions. These training adaptations are related to the high heart rates, high number of fast runs, and multiple changes of direction and speed occurring during recreational football training for untrained women. In conclusion, regular small-sided football training for women is an intense and versatile type of training that combines elements of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training and strength training, thereby providing optimal stimuli for cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal fitness. Recreational football, therefore, seems to be an effective tool for prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases in young and middle-aged women, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes and osteopenia. Future research should elucidate effects of football training for elderly women, and as treatment and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients and other women patient groups.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bille-Brahe, U, et al.
(författare)
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A repetition-prediction study of European parasuicide populations : a summary of the first report from part II of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide in co-operation with the EC concerted action on attempted suicide.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 95:2, s. 81-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the aims of the European Study on Parasuicide, which was initiated by the Regional Office for the European Region of the World Health Organization in the mid-1980s, was to try to identify social and personal characteristics that are predictive of future suicidal behaviour. A follow-up interview study (the Repetition-Prediction Study) was designed, and to date 1145 first-wave interviews have been conducted at nine research centres, representing seven European countries. The present paper provides an abridged version of the first report from the study. The design and the instrument used (The European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedules, EPSIS I and II) are described. Some basic characteristics of the samples from the various centres, such as sex, age, method of suicide attempt, and history of previous attempts, are presented and compared. The male/female sex ratio ranged from 0.41 to 0.85; the mean age range for men was 33-45 years and that for women was 29-45 years. At all of the centres, self-poisoning was the most frequently employed method. On average, more than 50% of all respondents had attempted suicide at least once previously. The representativeness of the samples is discussed. There were differences between the centres in several respects, and also in some cases the representativeness of the different samples varied. Results obtained from analyses based on pooled data should therefore be treated with caution.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Elam Edwén, Cecilia, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Stretch-shortening cycle muscle power in women and men aged 18-81 years: Influence of age and gender
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 24:4, s. 717-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the age-related deterioration in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle power and concurrent force-velocity properties in women and men across the adult life span. A total of 315 participants (women: n = 188; men: n = 127) aged 18-81 years performed maximal countermovement jumps on an instrumented force plate. Maximal SSC leg extension power expressed per kg body mass (Ppeak) was greater in men than in women across the adult age span (P < 0.001); however, this gender difference was progressively reduced with increasing age, because men showed an similar to 50% faster rate of decline in SSC power than women (P < 0.001). Velocity at peak power (VPpeak) was greater in men than in women (P < 0.001) but declined at a greater rate in men than in women (P = 0.002). Vertical ground reaction force at peak power (FPpeak) was higher in men than in women in younger adults only (P < 0.001) and the age-related decline was steeper in men than in women (P < 0.001). Men demonstrated a steeper rate of decline in Ppeak than women with progressive aging. This novel finding emerged as a result of greater age-related losses in men for both force and velocity. Consequently, maximal SSC power production was observed to converge between genders when approaching old age.
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| 20. |
- Huseth, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of neuromuscular activity during maximal isometric contraction in supine vs standing body positions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1050-6411. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: When comparing neuromuscular activity between different individuals or different conditions by use of surface electromyography (sEMG) it is necessary to apply standardized assessment protocol. Most frequently used method is the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). However, the influence of body posture on sEMG activity during MVIC testing remains largely unknown. Aim: To evaluate the MVIC method for sEMG normalization in supine versus standing positions for selected muscles of the lower extremity and trunk. Methods: Twelve healthy individuals participated; five females and seven males (age 22–51 yrs). sEMG signals were recorded bilaterally from mm tibialis anterior, gluteus medius, adductor longus, rectus abdominus, external oblique and internal oblique/transversus abdominus according to standardized test protocol. Two different body positions were used: supine and standing position. Results: MVIC peak sEMG signal amplitudes did not differ systematically between supine and standing test positions. Pronounced inter-subject variability in MVIC reference sEMG activity were observed between participants, during both supine and standing test positions. Conclusion: Present data demonstrate that MVIC EMG normalization is a biomechanically stable procedure that can be performed in a reproducible manner for the major leg and trunk muscles when comparing supine vs. standing test positions. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 21. |
- List, N. H., et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the electric-dipole approximation : A formulation and implementation of molecular response theory for the description of absorption of electromagnetic field radiation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 142:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a formulation of molecular response theory for the description of a quantum mechanical molecular system in the presence of a weak, monochromatic, linearly polarized electromagnetic field without introducing truncated multipolar expansions. The presentation focuses on a description of linear absorption by adopting the energy-loss approach in combination with the complex polarization propagator formulation of response theory. Going beyond the electric-dipole approximation is essential whenever studying electric-dipole-forbidden transitions, and in general, non-dipolar effects become increasingly important when addressing spectroscopies involving higher-energy photons. These two aspects are examined by our study of the near K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of the alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) as well as the trans-polyenes. In following the series of alkaline earth metals, the sizes of non-dipolar effects are probed with respect to increasing photon energies and a detailed assessment of results is made in terms of studying the pertinent transition electron densities and in particular their spatial extension in comparison with the photon wavelength. Along the series of trans-polyenes, the sizes of non-dipolar effects are probed for X-ray spectroscopies on organic molecules with respect to the spatial extension of the chromophore.
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| 22. |
- Petersen, S. G., et al.
(författare)
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Glucosamine but not ibuprofen alters cartilage turnover in osteoarthritis patients in response to physical training
- 2010
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 18:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate changes in levels of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and urine c-telopeptide of type-2 collagen (CTX-II) as markers for cartilage turnover in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, in response to muscle strength training in combination with treatment with glucosamine, ibuprofen or placebo. Design: A 12-week double blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. Method: Thirty-six elderly patients with bilateral tibiofemoral knee OA determined by radiography were randomly assigned to treatment with glucosamine (n = 12), ibuprofen (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) during 12 weeks of strength training of both legs with focus on the quadriceps muscle. Strength tests (5 repetition maximum), blood and urine sampling were performed before and after the training period. Serum COMP and urinary CTX-II were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: All three groups increased their muscle strength following 12 weeks of strength training (P < 0.001). Serum COMP levels were reduced in the glucosamine-treated group after the training period (P = 0.012), whereas they did not change in the two other groups. Glucosamine reduced COMP statistically significant compared to both placebo and ibuprofen; the mean reduction with glucosamine was 13% vs placebo (P = 0.0378) and 17% vs ibuprofen (P = 0.0122). Urinary CTX-II levels did not change significantly in any of the three experimental groups. Conclusion: Serum COMP decreased significantly over the 12-week training period when treatment with glucosamine was added to the training regimen. This suggests an effect by glucosamine on the response of the OA cartilage to a period of joint loading in humans with knee OA. (C) 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Vinther, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: influence of reduced bone mineral density
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 15:2, s. 95-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise-induced rib stress fractures have been reported frequently in elite rowers during the past decade. The etiology of rib stress fractures is unclear, but low bone mineral density (BMD) has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for stress fractures in weight-bearing bones. The present study investigated BMD in seven Danish national team rowers with previous rib stress fracture (RSF) and 7 controls (C) matched for gender, age, height, weight and training experience. Total body scan and specific scans of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck and distal radius were performed using a DEXA scanner. The RSF subjects showed significantly lower L2-L4 BMD: RSF: 1.22 +/- 0.05 g cm(-2) (mean +/- SEM) (median 1.19 g cm(-2), range 1.02-1.37 g cm(-2)) compared to C: 140 +/- 0.04 g cm(-2) (median 1.41 g cm(-2), range 1.27-1.57 g cm(-2)) (P=0.028).The present results suggest that low bone mineral density may be a potential risk factor for the development of exercise-induced rib stress fractures in elite rowers.
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| 25. |
- Vinther, A, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 16:3, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of exercise-induced rib stress fractures (RSFs) in elite rowers is unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate thoracic muscle activity, movement patterns and muscle strength in elite rowers. Electromyographic (EMG) and 2-D video analysis were performed during ergometer rowing, and isokinetic muscle strength was measured in seven national team rowers with a history of RSF and seven matched controls (C). RSF displayed a higher velocity of the seat in the initial drive phase (RSF: 0.25 +/- 0.03, 0.25 (0.15-0.33) m/s vs C: 0.15 +/- 0.06, 0.18 (-0.11-0.29) m/s P = 0.028) (Mean +/- SEM, median and range). Further, RSF had greater co-contraction of m. serratus anterior and m. trapezius in the mid-drive phase (RSF: 47.5 +/- 3.4, 48.5 (35.8-60.2)% EMG signal overlap vs C: 30.8 +/- 6.5, 27.0 (11.2-61.6)% P = 0.043). In addition, the RSF subjects showed a lower knee-extension to elbow-flexion strength ratio (RSF: 4.2 +/- 0.22, 4.3 (3.5-5.1) vs C: 4.8 +/- 0.16, 5.0 (4.2-5.3) P = 0.043), indicating stronger arms relative to legs compared with controls. In conclusion, increased thoracic muscle co-contraction, altered movement patterns and reduced leg/arm strength ratio were observed in the RSF subjects, which may all predispose toward an increased risk of RSF.
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| 26. |
- Vinther, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Slide-based ergometer rowing: Effects on force production and neuromuscular activity.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 23:5, s. 635-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Force production profile and neuromuscular activity during slide-based and stationary ergometer rowing at standardized submaximal power output were compared in 14 male and 8 female National Team rowers. Surface electromyography (EMG) was obtained in selected thoracic and leg muscles along with synchronous measurement of handle force and rate of force development (RFD). Compared to stationary conditions, slide-based peak force decreased by 76 (57-95) N (mean 95% CI) in males (P < 0.001) and 20 (8-31) N (P < 0.05) in females. Stroke rate increased (+10.7%) and late-phase RFD decreased (-20.7%) in males (P < 0.05). Neuromuscular activity in m. vastus lateralis decreased in the initial drive phase from 59% to 51% of EMGmax in males and from 57% to 52% in females (P < 0.01-0.05), while also decreasing in the late recovery phase from 20% to 7% in males and 17% to 7% in females (P < 0.01). Peak force and maximal neuromuscular activity in the shoulder retractors always occurred in the second quartile of the drive phase. In conclusion, peak force and late-phase RFD (males) decreased and stroke rate increased (males) during slide-based compared to stationary ergometer rowing, potentially reducing the risk of overuse injury. Neuromuscular activity was more affected in leg muscles than thoracic muscles by slide-based ergometer rowing.
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| 27. |
- Vinther, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Testosterone and BMD in Elite Male Lightweight Rowers
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 29:10, s. 803-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate if a relationship between BMD and testosterone levels could be identified in elite male lightweight rowers. Thirteen male lightweight national team rowers had their BMD measured in a DEXA scanner. Plasma concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (IFT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and additional parameters related to bone metabolism were measured. Plasma concentrations of TT, FT and DHT were in the lower part of the normal range, while BMD was close to or above normal. BMD of total body and L2-L4 were correlated to years of training (r(s): 0.59, p = 0.034 and r(s): 0.73, p = 0.005) and to TT (r(s): 0.56, p = 0.046 and rs: 0.63, p = 0.021). Moreover, L2 - L4 BMD was correlated to FT (r(s): 0.62, p = 0.024). After adjusting for years of training, partial correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between L2-L4 BMD and TT (r(s): 0.61, p < 0.05). BMD appears to be influenced by both testosterone levels and years of training in elite male lightweight rowers. The relatively high BMD and low testosterone levels indicate that the mechanical loading induced by rowing is more important to BMD than testosterone levels. Prospective investigations are needed to elucidate potential causal relationships.
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| 28. |
- Vissing, K., et al.
(författare)
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Myocellular Adaptations to Low-Load Blood Flow Restricted Resistance Training
- 2020
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Ingår i: Exercise and sport sciences reviews. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0091-6331 .- 1538-3008. ; 48:4, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) can stimulate whole-muscle growth and improve muscle function. However, limited knowledge exists on the effects at the myocellular level. We hypothesize that BFRRE has the ability to produce concurrent skeletal muscle myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and microvascular adaptations, thus offering an alternative strategy to counteract decay in skeletal muscle health and function in clinical populations.
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| 29. |
- Warrington, N M, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 42:4, s. 775-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG.A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10543 mothers and 16317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight).Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10-8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG.We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outcomes may be due to the relationship of maternal BMI and diabetes with GWG.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.248.
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| 30. |
- Wernbom, Mathias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle fibre activation and fatigue with low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise—An integrative physiology review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 228:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) has been shown to induce increases in muscle size and strength, and continues to generate interest from both clinical and basic research points of view. The low loads employed, typically 20%-50% of the one repetition maximum, make BFRRE an attractive training modality for individuals who may not tolerate high musculoskeletal forces (eg, selected clinical patient groups such as frail old adults and patients recovering from sports injury) and/or for highly trained athletes who have reached a plateau in muscle mass and strength. It has been proposed that achieving a high degree of muscle fibre recruitment is important for inducing muscle hypertrophy with BFRRE, and the available evidence suggest that fatiguing low-load exercise during ischemic conditions can recruit both slow (type I) and fast (type II) muscle fibres. Nevertheless, closer scrutiny reveals that type II fibre activation in BFRRE has to date largely been inferred using indirect methods such as electromyography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, while only rarely addressed using more direct methods such as measurements of glycogen stores and phosphocreatine levels in muscle fibres. Hence, considerable uncertainity exists about the specific pattern of muscle fibre activation during BFRRE. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was (1) to summarize the evidence on muscle fibre recruitment during BFRRE as revealed by various methods employed for determining muscle fibre usage during exercise, and (2) to discuss reported findings in light of the specific advantages and limitations associated with these methods. © 2019 Scandinavian Physiological Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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