| 1. |
- de Graauw, Th., et al.
(författare)
-
The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 518, s. L6-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods: The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 km s-1. Results: After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Aarts, Clara, et al.
(författare)
-
Enabling nursing students to focus on the Ottawa Charter and the nurses role in tackling inequalities in health through international exchange
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 30:5, s. 448-452
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Student nurses in a transatlantic exchange program explored the role of registered nurses in five countries' public health systems. The Ottawa Charter provided a framework for students to examine the nurse's responsibilities in public health. Students took practice placements in geographically rural areas on another continent and explored inequalities in health care. If nurses are to understand their role in the health care system then they must be taught the scope of their practice including their role in health promotion, public health practice and community development. For this project nursing instructors developed an assignment relevant to the aims and suitable for students in all five nursing programs. Only three of 48 students offered an assignment which focused on building healthy public policy. Nurse educators need to explore this further to ensure nurses of the future are aware of their role and responsibilities in this area and have skills to work effectively to influence and build healthy policy. The international student exchange supported the students' developing understanding of the breadth of initiatives around the globe where nurses are actively engaged in addressing inequalities of health. Findings from an analysis of their assignments are presented in this evaluative report.
|
|
| 4. |
- Felce, JH, et al.
(författare)
-
Single-Molecule, Super-Resolution, and Functional Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Behavior Within the T Cell Immunological Synapse
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-634X. ; 8, s. 608484-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A central process in immunity is the activation of T cells through interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) with agonistic peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). TCR-pMHC binding triggers the formation of an extensive contact between the two cells termed the immunological synapse, which acts as a platform for integration of multiple signals determining cellular outcomes, including those from multiple co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors. Contributors to this include a number of chemokine receptors, notably CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and other members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Although best characterized as mediators of ligand-dependent chemotaxis, some chemokine receptors are also recruited to the synapse and contribute to signaling in the absence of ligation. How these and other GPCRs integrate within the dynamic structure of the synapse is unknown, as is how their normally migratory Gαi-coupled signaling is terminated upon recruitment. Here, we report the spatiotemporal organization of several GPCRs, focusing on CXCR4, and the G protein Gαi2 within the synapse of primary human CD4+ T cells on supported lipid bilayers, using standard- and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We find that CXCR4 undergoes orchestrated phases of reorganization, culminating in recruitment to the TCR-enriched center. This appears to be dependent on CXCR4 ubiquitination, and does not involve stable interactions with TCR microclusters, as viewed at the nanoscale. Disruption of this process by mutation impairs CXCR4 contributions to cellular activation. Gαi2 undergoes active exclusion from the synapse, partitioning from centrally-accumulated CXCR4. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, we identify several diverse GPCRs with contributions to T cell activation, most significantly the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR1, and the oxysterol receptor GPR183. These, and other GPCRs, undergo organization similar to CXCR4; including initial exclusion, centripetal transport, and lack of receptor-TCR interactions. These constitute the first observations of GPCR dynamics within the synapse, and give insights into how these receptors may contribute to T cell activation. The observation of broad GPCR contributions to T cell activation also opens the possibility that modulating GPCR expression in response to cell status or environment may directly regulate responsiveness to pMHC.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Koskinen, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing cultural competence : trans-atlantic experiences of European and Canadian nursing students
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 15:6, s. 502-509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the enhancement of cultural competence through trans-Atlantic rural community experiences of European and Canadian nursing students using critical incident technique (CIT) as the students' reflective writing method. The data generated from 48 students' recordings about 134 critical incidents over a 2-year project were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Five main learning categories were identified as: cross-cultural ethical issues; cultural and social differences; health-care inequalities; population health concerns; and personal and professional awareness. Four emergent cultural perspectives for the health sector that became apparent from the reflections were: health promotion realm; sensitivity to social and cultural aspects of people's lives; channels between the health sector and society; cultural language and stories of local people. CIT was successfully used to foster European and Canadian undergraduate students' cultural reflections resulting in considerations and suggestions for future endeavours to enhance cultural competence in nursing education.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Mbwilo, G. S. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Family perceptions in caring for children and adolescents with mental disabilities : a qualitative study from Tanzania
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Tanzania Journal of Health Research. - 1821-6404. ; 12:2, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations have shown that the provision of services to children and adolescents withmental disability (CAMDs) is not responding to the needs of this population. This community based study was carried out in Temeke Municipality in Tanzania and aimed to explore factors that influence family perspectives in the provision of care to CAMDs. This is a qualitative study of 52 respondents from 29 families involved in the daily care of CAMDs, chosen through convenient sampling. A semistructured questionnaire was used in the interviews. The text was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study revealed family characteristics; deficient knowledge about mentaldisability (MD); and lack of health care facilities and resources for caring for CAMDs. The communityand families of CAMDs had poor knowledge on MD and appropriate care, and about availability of resources and quality care. Families were not supported in the care of their children. Some children inconsequence did not receive adequate health care. Some suffered from physical problems due to inadequate care; others were being locked in their room during periods when no‐one was able to look after them. These factors were related to socio‐economic characteristics of the families as well as t olacking service facilities. “Patient”‐oriented, community/family‐based health services to support management of chronic or life‐long conditions such as MD are needed. The support of caregivers to children with MDs has to be improved. A well worked‐out strategy would improve health care of CAMDs through provision of guidance and supervision to the families. Community and family/home‐based care in the study area would benefit families of CAMDs.
|
|
| 11. |
- van Hoek, A. H. A. M., et al.
(författare)
-
A quantitative approach towards a better understanding of the dynamics of Salmonella spp. in a pork slaughter-line
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 153:1-2, s. 45-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pork contributes significantly to the public health disease burden caused by Salmonella infections. During the slaughter process pig carcasses can become contaminated with Salmonella. Contamination at the slaughter-line is initiated by pigs carrying Salmonella on their skin or in their faeces. Another contamination route could be resident flora present on the slaughter equipment. To unravel the contribution of these two potential sources of Salmonella a quantitative study was conducted. Process equipment (belly openers and carcass splitters), faeces and carcasses (skin and cutting surfaces) along the slaughter-line were sampled at 11 sampling days spanning a period of 4. months.Most samples taken directly after killing were positive for Salmonella. On 96.6% of the skin samples Salmonella was identified, whereas a lower number of animals tested positive in their rectum (62.5%). The prevalence of Salmonella clearly declined on the carcasses at the re-work station, either on the cut section or on the skin of the carcass or both (35.9%). Throughout the sampling period of the slaughter-line the total number of Salmonella per animal was almost 2log lower at the re-work station in comparison to directly after slaughter.Seven different serovars were identified during the study with S. Derby (41%) and S. Typhimurium (29%) as the most prominent types. A recurring S. Rissen contamination of one of the carcass splitters indicated the presence of an endemic 'house flora' in the slaughterhouse studied. On many instances several serotypes per individual sample were found.The enumeration of Salmonella and the genotyping data gave unique insight in the dynamics of transmission of this pathogen in a slaughter-line. The data of the presented study support the hypothesis that resident flora on slaughter equipment was a relevant source for contamination of pork. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 12. |
- Yates, K.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Andreev spectroscopy of CrO2 thin films on TiO2 and Al2O3
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Europhysics Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 103:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we analyse the spectroscopic information gathered at a number of single CrO2/Pb interfaces. We examine thin films requiring additional interfacial layers to generate long-range spin triplet proximity effect superconductivity (CrO2/TiO2) or not (CrO 2/Al2O3). We analyse the data using two theoretical models and explore the use of a parameter-free method to determine the agreement between the models and experimental observations, showing the necessary temperature range that would be required to make a definitive statement. The use of the excess current as a further tool to distinguish between models is also examined. The analysis of the spectra demonstrates that the temperature dependence of the normalised zero-bias conductance is independent of the substrate onto which the films are grown. This result has important implications for the engineering of interfaces required for the long-range spin triplet proximity effect. © Copyright EPLA, 2013.
|
|
