| 1. |
- Shaltout, Abdallah A., et al.
(författare)
-
Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Aerosol in a Residential–Industrial Area of a Mediterranean Megacity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 78, s. 68-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very little is known about the elemental composition and possible sources of fine aerosol particles from Mediterranean megacities. Fine aerosol particles were collected at a residential-industrial area in Greater Cairo, Egypt, during the period from October 2010 to May 2011. The elemental compositions of the collected samples were quantified by using a homemade energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer, whereas black carbon was quantified by a black smoke detector. Fifteen elements have been quantified. Of these constituents, Ca, C, Cl, S, and Fe had the highest concentrations: greater than 1µgm−3. The overall mean mass concentration of the collected samples equals 70µgm−3; this value exceeds the European Union annual Air Quality Standard levels. The individual elemental concentrations of the fine particles were found to be dominated by elements linked to mineral dust. Most of the monthly variations of elemental concentrations can be attributed to seasonal meteorological conditions. Other possible sources were vehicle-exhaust and industrial activities. The results pinpoint the problem of identifying different sources when one source, in this case, the nearby deserts, is dominant. The results from this study contribute to the growing knowledge of concentrations, composition, and possible sources of ambient fine particulate matter. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Rahman, Md. Habibur, et al.
(författare)
-
Resveratrol and Neuroprotection : Impact and Its Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive cortex and hippocampal neurodegenerative disease which ultimately causes cognitively impaired decline in patients. The AD pathogen is a very complex process, including aggregation of A beta (beta-amyloid peptides), phosphorylation of tau-proteins, and chronic inflammation. Exactly, resveratrol, a polyphenol present in red wine, and many plants are indicated to show the neuroprotective effect on mechanisms mostly above. Resveratrol plays an important role in promotion of non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. It also enhances the clearance of amyloid beta-peptides and reduces the damage of neurons. Most experimental research on AD and resveratrol has been performed in many species, both in vitro and in vivo, during the last few years. Nevertheless, resveratrol's effects are restricted by its bioavailability in the reservoir. Therefore, scientists have tried to improve its efficiency by using different methods. This review focuses on recent work done on the cell and animal cultures and also focuses on the neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of resveratrol. It also discusses about the therapeutic potential onto the treatment of AD.
|
|
| 4. |
- Shaltout, A. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental and health risks of potentially toxic elements in ambient PM10in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Source apportionment and environmental and risk assessments of ambient PM10 collected from three locations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were investigated. These estimations were based on the concentrations of ambient PM10 mass and potentially toxic elements. The annual ambient PM10 concentration, 120 +/- 40, 180 +/- 170, and 150 +/- 230 mu g/m(3) at three locations respectively, exceeds the Saudi Arabia annual air quality limit (80 mu g/m(3)). The highest 24-h PM10 concentrations were measured at a location influenced by traffic and industries (1800 mu g/m(3)) and at a seaside location (2000 mu g/m(3)) while the lowest 24-h PM10 concentration was measured at a university campus site (50 mu g/m(3)). The elements As, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, V, and Zn were included in the source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorization. The major sources identified were crustal material and windblown dust (27-28%), a mix of natural and anthropogenic sources (20-26%), combustion and traffic (18-21%), industrial activities (14-20%), and heavy metal industry (11-15%). Several environmental risk indices show a serious environmental pollution problem in Jeddah city due to the high concentrations of ambient PM10 and their elemental content. A non-carcinogenic health risk assessment showed that Cd and Mn constituted a risk for children and adults and inhalation was the main pathway for exposure. No carcinogenic risks were found but Cd, Co, and Ni had CR values above the safe limit of 10(-6).
|
|
| 5. |
- Shaltout, A. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Potentially Toxic Elements in PM10 Collected in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - 0090-4341. ; 85:4, s. 451-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air pollution causes environmental and health problems around the world. In this study, ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 microns (PM10) has been collected at three different locations in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The locations are characterized by differences in terms of traffic, residential intensity, industrial, and non-road mobile machinery activities. The monthly and annual mass concentration of the PM10 exceeds the recommended annual limit of the World Health Organization (15 & mu;g/m(3)) and the European air quality standard (40 & mu;g/m(3)) at the three locations. The collected PM10 samples as well as a certified reference material of atmospheric particulates (NIST 1678a) were digested in aqua regia using microwave digestion. The quantitative elemental analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The variations of the elemental concentration in terms of workdays, weekends, seasons, and annual were determined at the three locations. The spatial and temporal elemental variations were found to be different between the three sites, pointing to local influences that should be further evaluated. The concentration of Cd was found to be high and may cause health problems.
|
|
