| 1. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental radiation baseline around the Belarusian nuclear power plant – assessments in Belarus and Lithuania
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 121-125
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior to the operation of the first Belarussian nuclear power plant (BelNPP), the baseline of the radiation environment was determined within a radius of about 30 km from BelNPP. This independent assessment was carried out during two expeditions in 2019. In 2022, a similar survey was carried out (during the initialoperation of BelNPP) on the Lithuanian side of the boarder. Here we present the overall project and some general results of the baseline assessments.
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| 2. |
- Adliene, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the environmental contamination with long-lived radionuclides around an operating RBMK reactor station
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1700 .- 0265-931X. ; 90:1, s. 68-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of man-made gamma emitting radionuclides in the region within 32 km radius of the Ignalina NPP/Lithuania has been investigated during the period 2001-2004, prior to the closure of the first 4 the two operating RBMK 1500-type reactors. Gamma spectrometric measurements of various terrestrial and aquatic plants as well as of soil samples showed moderate environmental contamination with the fission product Cs-137 and with the neutron activation products Co-60 and Mn-54. Traces of the activation products Zn-65 and Ag-110m were found in the nearest vicinity of the NPP. Activity concentrations were inhomogeneously distributed in the area of interest. Moss and algae samples showed the highest uptake of radionuclides. In addition to the gamma spectrometric measurements, the levels of C-14 were determined in the same bio-indicator samples using accelerator mass spectrometry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of effective dose to an individual carrying materials useful for radiation dosimetry by optically stimulated luminescence
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 48-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from ordinary household salt has proven high potential for very low dose retrospective dosimetry. In the present paper other common place materials are considered and their dosimetric OSL-properties compared with household salt. The potential for assessment of the effective dose to an individual carrying such materials is investigated.
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| 4. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Household salt (NaCl) for optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry: an overview
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 90-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This brief overview of the use of household salt (NaCl) in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry is focusing on the use of NaCl pellets. It is suggested that the most optimal use of household NaCl, in general prospective dosimetry, is to compress the salt grains to pellets and read the radiation induced signal using OSL rather than TL. A summary of the main OSL dosimetric properties is provided for two Swedish household salts, and compared to the OSL properties of 100 different salts from all over the world.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in gamma dose rate in different locations following the Chernobyl accident
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 127-130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radionuclides from the Chernobyl accident were released and dispersed during a limited period of time, but under different weather conditions. As a result the radionuclides were unevenly distributed on the ground. During the years the initial deposition has been altered at some locations by different processes, but remains relatively unchanged in others. Here we report on the current inhomogeneous radionuclide distribution, on both large- and small scales (1 cm2 – 10ths of km2), which on average varies a factor of 4.
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| 7. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ZERO POINT ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT – EXAMPLES OF A PROGRAM APPLIED IN SWEDEN (ESS) AND IN BELARUS (BELNPP)
- 2019
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Ingår i: MEDICAL PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES : Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics. ; , s. 85-88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before commissioning of a nuclear facility it is important to determine the baseline of the radiation environment. Such baseline or Zero Point assessments can only,and uniquely, be made before start of operation of the facility and will serve several purposes when the facility is in operation. Here we report on the planning and implementation of such a Zero Point program for achieving high reproducibility and effectiveness of the assessments around two nuclear installations.
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| 8. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(författare)
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Assesment of patient doses and possible approaches for implementation of optimization procedures in PET/CT examinations in the Russian Federation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 36-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dose survey of positron emission tomography (PET) examinations was performed in 12 regions of the Russian Federation, where the effective dose values were assessed for the various types of PET examinations. The comparison to similar published data show that the patient doses in Russia are higher than in other countries. Low-dose CT protocols and justification of multiphase CT protocols should be considered for future optimization and radiation protection of patients.
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| 9. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between measured and calculated equivalent doses in CT using anthropomorphic pediatric phantoms
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 96-99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the significant increase in pediatric trunk computed tomography (CT) examinations, there is a need for a reliable approach of conducting effectivedose estimate for such procedures. The current study is based on two dosimetric anthropomorphic phantoms representing a 1-year and a 5-year old child. Effectiveand equivalent tissue doses from CT examinations of the trunk were determined by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and the CT-Expo software. The results of the two investigated methods show good agreement.
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| 10. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal of quality assurance system for positron emission tomography in the Russian Federation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 7-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High diagnostic efficiency as well as the optimization of patient and staff doses in positron emission tomography (PET) can be achieved by implementing quality assurance program. This study was focused on the requirements and basic aspects of quality assurance (QA) in PET combined with computed tomography (CT), that include equipment quality control (QC). QA systems include methods of image QC, examination protocols, radiation monitoring and optimization of radiation protection of the staff and patients. This paper contains the proposals for the QC of equipment and diagnostic images, as well as values of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for identification of abnormally high patient doses and optimization of radiation protection. Authors propose the system of quality assurance in PET considering the features of Russian healthcare and radiation protection.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson Stenström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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PREOPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF 14C IN THE VINICINITY OF THE BELARUSIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 15th International Conference - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 133-137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of an independent assessment of the preoperational radiation environment around the Ostrovets nuclear power plant in Belarus, grass and foodstuffs were collected in 2019 for 14C analysis. The preoperational 14C specific activities in the Ostrovets region were shown to be similar to that of European data from other uncontaminated sites.
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| 12. |
- Hörnlund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Organ doses determined using a RANDO phantom for different radionuclide depositions and photon energies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 103-105
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose conversion coefficients relating the kerma free-in-air to effective dose have been studied. In order to do so a sampling scheme encompassing all the risk organs and tissues was developed for the Alderson RANDO phantom. Preliminary results are shown for some specific organs irradiated with a point source in the laboratory.
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| 13. |
- Lux, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor air pollution from industrial chemicals causing new onset of asthma or COPD : a systematic review protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Until today, industrial sources contribute to the multifaceted contamination of environmental air. Exposure to air pollutants has the potential to initiate and promote asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At global scale, both entities cause the majority of about 4 million annual deaths by respiratory disease. However, we identified industrial contamination as a subgroup of air pollution that may be associated with this burden and is underinvestigated in research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate associations between substances industrially released into environmental air and the occurrence of asthma and COPD in the human population. Here we present the protocol for our systematic review of the current evidence. Methods: The following determinations will be applied during the systematic review process and are specified in the protocol that complies with the PRISMA-P statement. Populations of children and adults, as well as outdoor workers, exposed to industrially released air pollutants are of interest. Eligible studies may include subjects as controls who are non- or less exposed to the investigated air pollutants. The outcomes new-onset asthma and/or COPD investigated with risk ratio, odds ratio, hazard ratio, incidence rate ratio, cumulative incidence, and incidence rate are eligible. We will search the electronic literature databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed reports of incidence studies and incidence case-control studies. After systematic sorting of initial records, included studies will be subjected to quality assessment. Data will be synthesized qualitatively and, if appropriate, quantitatively for risk ratio and odds ratio. We will maintain and provide a PRISMA report. Discussion: Results of this systematic review may indicate alterations of incidence and risk of asthma and/or COPD in populations within industrial exposure radiuses including outdoor workplaces. Specific causal substances and compositions will be identified, but results will depend on the exposure assessment of the eligible studies. Our approach covers effects of industrial contributions to overall air pollution if studies reportedly attribute investigated emissions to industry. Results of this study may raise the question wether the available higher-level evidence sufficiently covers the current scale of industrial exposure scenarios and their potential harm to respiratory health. Trial registration: This protocol was registered in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020151573.
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| 14. |
- Mattsson, Sören, et al.
(författare)
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A passive neutron dosemeter for measurements in mixed neutron-photon radiation fields
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 38-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project combines the highly sensitive salt(NaCl) dosemeter for photon radiation with a neutronphotonconverter in the form of thin gadolinium foilsenclosing the salt. Using an identical salt dosemeter butwithout gadolinium cover determines the primaryphoton contribution. With these twin dosemeters placedin a polyethylene sphere, both photon and neutron dosecontributions can be estimated. This paper describes thedesign and optimization of the construction as well astests and a preliminary calibration of the dosemeter forestimation of neutron dose equivalent in the mixedneutron and photon beam from a Cf-252 source.Currently, the lowest neutron dose equivalent possibleto quantify is around 1 mSv. Some suggestions forfurther improvements are also discussed.
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| 15. |
- Pédehontaa-Hiaa, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the region-specific risks of accidental radioactive releases from the European Spallation Source
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 142-146
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron research facility under construction in southern Sweden. The facility will produce a wide range ofradionuclides that could be released into the environment. Some radionuclides are of particular concern such as the rare earth gadolinium-148. In this article, the local environment was investigated in terms of food production and rare earth element concentration in soil. The collected data will later be used to model thetransfer of radioactive contaminations from the ESS.
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| 16. |
- Sevcik, Aleksandras, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-Driven Polymerisation of Methacrylic Acid in Aqueous Solution : A Chemical Events Monte Carlo Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gels. - : MDPI AG. - 2310-2861. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study employed a coarse-grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to investigate the radiation-induced polymerisation of methacrylic acid (MAA) in an aqueous solution. This method provides an alternative to traditional kinetic models, enabling a detailed examination of the micro-structure and growth patterns of MAA polymers, which are often not captured in other approaches. In this work, we generated multiple clones of a simulation box, each containing a specific chemical composition. In these simulations, every coarse-grained (CG) bead represents an entire monomer. The growth function, defined by the chemical behaviour of interacting substances, was determined through repeated random sampling. This approach allowed us to simulate the complex process of radiation-induced polymerisation, enhancing our understanding of the formation of poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels at a microscopic level; while Monte Carlo simulations have been applied in various contexts of polymerisation, this study’s specific approach to modelling the radiation-induced polymerisation of MAA in an aqueous environment, utilising the data obtained by quantum chemistry modelling, with an emphasis on micro-structural growth, has not been extensively explored in existing studies. This understanding is important for advancing the synthesis of these hydrogels, which have potential applications in diverse fields such as materials science and medicine.
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| 17. |
- Skovorodko, Kirill, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation protection considerations in 166Ho radioembolization procedures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference - Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 32-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radioembolization with 166Ho microspheres is a minimally invasive procedure in which radioactive microspheres are administered directly to liver tumor via the hepatic artery during an interventional radiological procedure. Scout and therapeutic doses of 166Ho were delivered to patients in 2022 and 2023 at VilniusUniversity Hospital Santaros Klinikos. The presented study was aimed at investigating occupational exposure levels and other radiation protection and safety aspects when working with 166Ho.
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| 18. |
- Vodovatov, Aleksandr, et al.
(författare)
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Esitmation of effective doses for barium meal fluoroscopic examinations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 137-141
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study is to establish conversion coefficients (CCs) from dose-area product to effective dose for barium meal (BM) fluoroscopic examinations. The study is based on data collected at a major University hospital in St-Petersburg, Russia. The structure of the BM examinations was evaluated and a computational model for effective dose estimation, using PCXMC 2.0 software, was developed. Resulting values of CCs estimated in the study were comparable with previously published data for BM examinations.
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| 19. |
- Vodovatov, Aleksandr, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing National diagnostic reference levels in the Russian Federation based on regional dose surveys
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 11-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in a big country is complicated due to differences in radiological practice between different regions. In 2009-2014, a dose survey was performed in six Russian regions. Based on the results of the survey, preliminary DRLs for conventional X-ray examinations were established on a national level. Additionally, the local authorities were granted the possibility to establish regional DRLs if the local dose distributions significantly differed from the proposed national DRLs.
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| 20. |
- Vodovatov, Alexandr, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of patient doses from X-ray examinations in the Bryansk region hospitals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 133-136
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2012 - 2013 a study to evaluate conventional X-ray procedures and patient doses in Klintzi and Novozibkov areas of Bryansk region, Russia, was conducted. X-ray operation parameters included quality assurance of equipment, collection of procedure parameters and clinical practice evaluation. Effective doses were calculated for each selected procedure and dose distributions were established. 75-percentiles of the dose distributions were selected as a preliminary regional diagnostic reference levels (DRL). The DRLs were comparable to the St-Petersburg diagnostic reference levels, except for the skull, abdomen and pelvis areas. High dose spread is explained by differences in radiological practice and unit condition.
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