| 1. |
- Mehmeti-Ajradini, Meliha, et al.
(författare)
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Human G-MDSCs are neutrophils at distinct maturation stages promoting tumor growth in breast cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Life Science Alliance. - 2575-1077. ; 3:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to contribute to immune evasion in cancer. However, the function of the human granulocytic (G)-MDSC subset during tumor progression is largely unknown, and there are no established markers for their identification in human tumor specimens. Using gene expression profiling, mass cytometry, and tumor microarrays, we here demonstrate that human G-MDSCs occur as neutrophils at distinct maturation stages, with a disease-specific profile. G-MDSCs derived from patients with metastatic breast cancer and malignant melanoma display a unique immature neutrophil profile, that is more similar to healthy donor neutrophils than to G-MDSCs from sepsis patients. Finally, we show that primary G-MDSCs from metastatic breast cancer patients cotransplanted with breast cancer cells, promote tumor growth, and affect vessel formation, leading to myeloid immune cell exclusion. Our findings reveal a role for human G-MDSC in tumor progression and have clinical implications also for targeted immunotherapy.
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| 2. |
- Mehmeti-Ajradini, Meliha, et al.
(författare)
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Human G-MDSCs are neutrophils at distinct maturation stages promoting tumor growth in breast cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Life Science Alliance. - : LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE LLC. - 2575-1077. ; 3:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to contribute to immune evasion in cancer. However, the function of the human granulocytic (G)-MDSC subset during tumor progression is largely unknown, and there are no established markers for their identification in human tumor specimens. Using gene expression profiling, mass cytometry, and tumor microarrays, we here demonstrate that human G-MDSCs occur as neutrophils at distinct maturation stages, with a disease-specific profile. G-MDSCs derived from patients with metastatic breast cancer and malignant melanoma display a unique immature neutrophil profile, that is more similar to healthy donor neutrophils than to G-MDSCs from sepsis patients. Finally, we show that primary G-MDSCs from metastatic breast cancer patients co-transplanted with breast cancer cells, promote tumor growth, and affect vessel formation, leading to myeloid immune cell exclusion. Our findings reveal a role for human G-MDSC in tumor progression and have clinical implications also for targeted immunotherapy.
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Annsofie, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased need for emergency services after changing management for suspected miscarriage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:8, s. 921-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the effect of a changed routine to identify women with a nonviable pregnancy, in order to utilize health care resources more efficiently during office hours rather than relying on emergency care services. From hospital register data about where and when women with miscarriages were treated, there was a significant trend during a nine-year period for miscarriages to be more rarely diagnosed (p-value<0.001) in the emergency ward after office hours. The proportion of miscarriages that were diagnosed and handled at the emergency ward decreased from 31% in 2001 to 17% in 2009. Furthermore, the number of women showing up with bleeding at the emergency ward, but who also had a normal viable pregnancy, declined during the same period (p-value<0.01). Women with suspected miscarriage benefit from structured information and standardized management and can effectively be scheduled for day-time assessment including ultrasound with a concomitant reduced need for emergency services.
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| 4. |
- Adolfsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dry mouth in adult patients in primary health care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 80:8, s. 605-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To determine the prevalence and severity of dry mouth by age, gender, presence of disease, and medication intake for patients aged 18 years and over, seeking primary health care on the west coast of Sweden (Region of Vastra Gotaland, VGR). Materials and methods Cross-sectional study conducted among patients (n = 374, age >= 18) visiting primary health care providers (n = 4) in VGR for any medical reasons. Patients were invited to participate by answering a single-item question, 'Have you experienced dry mouth in the last six months?' Patients giving positive answers (n = 163) were asked to fill in the 11-item Xerostomia Inventory (XI) questionnaire to determine the variability and severity of xerostomia. Patients replying 'No' (n = 211) to the single-item question were considered not to have xerostomia and included in the non-xerostomia group. Results The overall prevalence of xerostomia was 43.6% with a female dominance (61.2%). The prevalence in different age groups among females and males was similar. The number of medications and/or diseases are positively associated with xerostomia. Medication was a significant predictor of the prevalence of xerostomia, regardless of age and gender (p < .001). Patients with five or more medications had the highest prevalence of xerostomia (71.2%). Conclusion Patients seeking primary care on the west coast of Sweden have a high prevalence of xerostomia. Factors associated with xerostomia were female gender and medications and/or diseases. Awareness is required to manage patients with xerostomia in medical and dental care.
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| 5. |
- Adolfsson, Annsofie, et al.
(författare)
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The Reason Why Women Do Not Participate in the Papsmear Screening and Testing Program in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Sexual Medicine. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2164-5191 .- 2164-5205. ; 2:3, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. In Sweden cervical cancer is the fifteenth most common cancer among women and accounts for 1.9 percent of all female cancers. The Swedish Pap smear screening program is enabling early detection of cell changes in order that treatment may be administered to prevent the development of cancerous cells. There are approximately four hundred and fifty cases of cervical cancer detected each year in Sweden and of these cases, approximately seventy five percent occur in women who do not participate in the screening and testing program. The purpose of this study was to illustrate and examine the reasons why women did not participate in the program even though they had received a notice that they had an appointment for a Pap smear test. In the study fourteen women from a district in the west of Sweden were interviewed. In order to analyse the interviews a qualitative content analysis according to Lundman and Graneheim was used. The analysis resulted in the development of three categories which were identified as communication, treatment and subterfuge (reasons or excuses for not participating). The theme of the study was the professional treatment of the women’s conditions. In the interviews the women emphasize the importance of professional treatment that is administered with respectful and sympathetic care throughout the whole healthcare system regardless of where and when the visit was conducted. Efficient organization and clear communication would minimize the inconvenience for the women during their visit.
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| 6. |
- Adolfsson, Emma, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells from donors with coronary artery disease : growth, yield, gene expression and the effect of oxygen concentration
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:4, s. 318-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cardiovascular cell therapy are procured from different sources including bone marrow and adipose tissue. Differently located MSCs differ in growth potential, differentiation ability and gene expression when cultured in vitro, and studies show different healing abilities for different MSC subgroups. In this study, bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose tissue derived MSCs (ADSCs) from six human donors with coronary artery disease were compared for growth potential and expression of target genes (Angpt1, LIF, HGF, TGF-β1 and VEGF-A) in response to exposure to 1% and 5% O2, for up to 48 h. We found greater growth of ADSCs compared to BMSCs. ADSCs expressed higher levels of Angpt1, LIF and TGF-β1 and equal levels of VEGF-A and HGF as BMSCs. In BMSCs, exposure to low oxygen resulted in upregulation of TGF-β1, whereas other target genes were unaffected. Upregulation was only present at 1% O2. In ADSCs, LIF was upregulated in both oxygen concentrations, whereas Angpt1 was upregulated only at 1% O2. Different response to reduced oxygen culture conditions is of relevance when expanding cells in vitro prior to administration. These findings indicate ADSCs as better suited for cardiovascular cell therapy compared to BMSCs.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing empowerment group education in diabetes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 53:3, s. 319-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim was to gain insight into and understand how physicians and nurses view the implementation of empowerment group education (EGE) in diabetes. Prior to the study the physicians and nurses attended a 2-day empowerment workshop. Further, they had implemented the empowerment approach in two groups of patients with type II diabetes. Three to 9 months later they (five physicians and 11 nurses from six family practices) participated in focus group interviews to evaluate the implementation of the EGE. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method. The main result showed a conflict in roles. The physicians and nurses knew their role in the traditional approach but not with respect to the empowerment approach, which they needed to grow into. At the same time as they started a new way of working, their role had changed from being an expert to being a facilitator. As experts they felt secure, as facilitators they needed support in their educational process. To implement EGE they required support both from the family practice and from a supervisor in direct connection with the EGE. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adolfsson, Eva Thors, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish National Survey of the Quality and Organization of Diabetes Care in Primary Healthcare—Swed-QOP
- 2010
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Ingår i: Primary Care Diabetes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-9918 .- 1878-0210. ; 4:2, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:To describe the quality and organization of diabetes care in primary healthcare in Sweden regarding resources and ways of working.METHOD:A questionnaire was used to collect data from all 921 primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Sweden. Of these, 74.3% (n=684) responded to the questionnaire covering list size of the PHCCs, number of diabetic patients, personnel resources and ways of working.RESULTS:The median list size reported from the PHCCs was 9,000 patients, 294 of whom were diabetic patients. The majority (72%) of PHCCs had diabetes-responsible general practitioners (GPs) and almost all (97%) had diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs) with some degree of postgraduate education in diabetes. The PHCCs reported that they used regional/local diabetes guidelines (93%), were engaged in call-recall diabetic reviews by GP(s) (66%) and DSN(s) (89%), checked that patients had participated in the reviews by GP(s) (69%) and DSN(s) (78%), arranged group education programmes (23%) and reported data to a National Diabetes Register (82%).CONCLUSIONS:The presence of diabetes-responsible GP(s) and DSN(s) who use guidelines may contribute to good and equal quality of care. It is, however, necessary to improve the call-recall system and there is an urgent need for all diabetic patients to receive patient education.
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson, Eva Thors, et al.
(författare)
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Type 2 diabetic patients' experiences of two different educational approaches : A qualitative study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 7:45, s. 986-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the current study was to explore patients' experiences of participating in an empowerment group education programme or receiving individual counselling. Method: In total, 28 patients from seven primary care centres were interviewed. Of these, 14 had received individual counselling and the remaining 14 had also participated in 4-5 empowerment group sessions. The semi-structured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Three main categories crystallized from the interviews: (I) relationships, (II) learning and (III) controlling the disease. The relationships in the individual counselling seemed vertical, characterized by one-way communication with care providers acting as superiors and patients as subordinates. The relationships in the empowerment group appeared to be horizontal, characterized by trust and mutual communication. Those who had received individual counselling talked about learning by compliance-care providers acted as superiors, giving advice they expected the patients to follow. In the empowerment groups the patients talked more about participatory learning, whereby the facilitators and patients shared their knowledge and experiences. Controlling the disease could be labelled external in individual counselling, which made it difficult for patients to take responsibility for and control of their diabetes self-care. On the contrary, the patients in the empowerment group achieved the insight that diabetes is a serious disease but can be influenced, which contributed to their experience of self-control. Conclusions: The current study indicates that vertical relationships, learning by compliance and external control seem to limit patients' ability to take responsibility for their disease, while horizontal relationships, participatory learning and self-control may contribute to strengthening patients' ability to influence and be actively involved in their own care.
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| 11. |
- Adolfsson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Betyg i högre utbildning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SUHF:s arbetsgrupp för betygsfrågor har varit verksam under perioden 1 mars 2014 – 31 december 2015. Uppdraget har varit att undersöka behovet av betygssystem med fler betygs-steg i högskolan mot bakgrund av den konkurrenssituation som en internationaliserad utbildnings- och arbetsmarknad medför. Uppdraget har också varit att sprida erfarenheter kring flergradiga betygsskalor inkluderande både nationella erfarenheter och exempel från andra europeiska länder. Arbetsgruppen har också uppmanats att föreslå rekommendationer om betygssystem till SUHF:s medlemslärosäten. Arbetsgruppen har främst inhämtat underlag genom intervjuer, en enkät till lärosätena och Ladok-statistik omfattande drygt tre miljoner betygssättningar som renderat godkända betyg över en period av tre år. Resultatet av utredningen visar att svenska lärosäten har en stark tradition av målrelaterad betygssättning som samtliga involverade i utredningen upplever som positiv och viktig att bevara, oavsett antal grader i betygsskalan. Gruppens arbete bekräftar att det finns olika problem med de svenska betygssystemen ur ett internationaliseringsperspektiv. Det går dock inte att säga att det finns någon tydlig samsyn mellan lärosätena om exakt vilka dessa problem är eller hur stora de anses vara. Det är svårt att entydigt koppla problemen till valet av betygsskala. Det finns också andra faktorer för valet av betygsskala som verkar väga minst lika tungt som internationaliseringsperspektivet och som gör att lärosäten inte inför betygsskalor med fler grader. Utredningen visar vidare att flera olika betygssystem används i svensk högskola och heterogeniteten framträder som betydande, såväl mellan lärosäten som inom ett lärosäte. Det finns starka ämnesmässiga traditioner och god argumentation kring enskilda lärosätens val av skala men nationellt saknas det gemensamma ramar för betygssättning, samordning och uppföljning. Huvudsakligen används fortfarande fågradiga betygsskalor i Sverige men 43% av alla betyg sätts numera i betygsskalor med minst tre godkända betygssteg. Ett antal lärosäten har de senaste tio åren gått över till en sjugradig skala för all utbildning eller för viss utbildning som riktar sig till en internationell målgrupp. Under perioden 2011−2014 är A–F-skalan den enda betygsskala som ökat i omfattning medan exempelvis användningen av G–U-skalan minskat med 18,5 %. Att ha en flergradig betygsskala ses som positivt ur flera aspekter: det underlättar internationellt studentutbyte, det kommunicerar tydligare utbildnings-resultaten och är ett bättre instrument för urval för både vidare utbildning och rekrytering på arbetsmarknaden. Flergradiga betyg ställer höga krav på tydliga betygskriterier och genom-tänkta pedagogiska metoder för målrelaterad bedömning. Flera av de problem som rapporten påvisar skulle kunna lösas genom att en gemensam nationell flergradig betygsskala implementerades. I nuläget bedömer arbetsgruppen dock inte att det är realistiskt att rekommendera detta. De svenska lärosätena använder flera olika betygsskalor. De problem fågradiga betyg kan skapa för internationellt studentutbyte verkar upp-vägas av andra värden för många lärosäten. Ett relativt stort antal lärosäten har redan valt att införa en sjugradig betygsskala för utbildning med internationell inriktning. Ett önskemål som lyfts fram i flera enkätsvar och intervjuer är att ett meritvärde eller betyg för hel utbildning, motsvarande grade point average (GPA) införs. GPA upplevs fungera väl för internationell jämförelse. Ladok-statistiken visar på skillnader mellan lärosätena i användningen av betygsskalorna som – åtminstone i avsaknad av fördjupat underlag – ter sig anmärkningsvärt stora. Dessa skillnader bör ses mot bakgrund av att betygssättning är myndighetsutövning och att betyg är ett myndighetsbeslut som studenterna inte kan överklaga. Undersökningen visar på stora skillnader i betygsfördelningen mellan olika betygsskalor även då antalet steg är identiska (5-U respektive AB-U). Det gäller även inom en och samma betygsskala såväl mellan lärosäten som inom lärosäten. Andelen studenter som exempelvis får högsta betyg kan skilja stort. Stickprov inom lärosäten visar på samma variationer i betygssättningen mellan olika kurser. Det finns också en genusskillnad, dock liten. En bättre uppföljning med årlig betygsstatistik kunde införas, dels för alla lärosäten för att ge en nationell överblick och nationella betygsutfall för varje betygsskala, dels för vissa specifika ämnesområden för att kunna jämföra betygsutfall t ex i större utbildningsprogram som ges vid många lärosäten, såsom juristprogrammet, ingenjörsutbildning, lärarutbildning, psykologutbildning, ekonomiutbildning, socionomutbildning. Sådant underlag skulle stimulera till utveckling av examination och bedömning inom högskolan. Arbetsgruppen föreslår därför att.....
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| 12. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005 : Data from the national prostate cancer register in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. Results. In total, 72 028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of >100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score ≤6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged ≥75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. Conclusions. All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
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| 13. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 72,028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of > 100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score <6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged > or =75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Adolfsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose-derived hydrothermally carbonized materials and their emerging applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2452-2236. ; 23, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrothermally carbonized cellulose and its further modifications are intriguing materials for a wide range of potential applications. Hydrothermal carbonization is a sustainable process for converting biopolymers or other biomass sources into carbonaceous materials under mild conditions in water and at relatively low temperatures. This review presents the latest progress in modification and utilization of hydrothermally carbonized cellulose and related materials in environmental, biomedical, and energy applications. Further applications presented include evaluation of cellulose-derived carbon spheres or carbon dots as catalysts, antibacterial materials, flame retardants, and functional fillers in bioplastic composites. The wide range of applications highlights the great potential and multifunctionality of hydrothermally carbonized cellulose and its derivatives. The field is expected to further expand and increase in importance as we move toward circular bioeconomy.
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| 16. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Importance of Surface Functionalities for Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Spheres
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : Wiley. - 2366-7486.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon spheres (CS) are interesting materials for antibacterial applications. Herein, CS are produced by a green process utilizing microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of cellulose. The CS are then postmodified in acidic and basic solutions to evaluate the influence of different functionalities on antibacterial properties. CS contain OH/COOH, C Symbol of the Klingon Empire C, and C Symbol of the Klingon Empire O functionalities, while O-CS produced by acid treatment of CS have additional COOH, and NH/NH2 groups, resulting in carbon spheres with negatively and positively charged groups in dispersion. Treatment with base (Na-CS) removes low molecular weight species with oxygen and results in carbon spheres with the highest C/O ratio. CS, O-CS, and Na-CS have nonporous morphology and are in micro/nanometer sizes, although, smaller sized spheres, hollow spheres, and fragments are also attained in the case of O-CS. O-CS show antibacterial activity toward both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration is 200 and 400 mu g mL(-1) for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, and is achieved only after 3 h of incubation. Neither CS nor Na-CS exhibit antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity is suggested to originate from electrostatic interactions between O-CS and the bacteria.
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| 17. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Versus In Vitro Degradation of a 3D Printed Resorbable Device for Ligation of Vascular Tissue in Horses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : Wiley. - 1616-5187 .- 1616-5195. ; 21:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A resorbable 3D printed polydioxanone (PDO) device is manufactured to facilitate ligation of vascular tissue during surgery. The device must provide sufficient mechanical performance throughout the healing period. Therefore, degradation and mechanical performance of the device are investigated as a function of in vivo and in vitro aging. During aging the PDO device released cyclic and linear water-soluble products. In vivo aging resulted in higher relative number of linear oligomers in comparison to in vitro aging. A major loss of mechanical performance is observed after only 10 days in vivo and the Young’s modulus (E) and tensile strength at break (σb) decreased by 28% and 54%, respectively. This is in contrast to in vitro aging, where no loss of mechanical properties is observed during the same period. The in vivo aged devices exhibit clear holes in the matrices after 28 days, while apparent cracks are observed first after 140 days in vitro. These results highlight the sensitivity of the degradation process of resorbable devices with regards to the interactions of the device with the surrounding environment (tissues) and demonstrate the importance of in vivo testing as compliment to in vitro testing before clinical use of devices.
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| 18. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization and Solid State Postmodification of Carbonized Polypropylene
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 6:8, s. 11105-11114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional carbon materials produced through a hydrothermal treatment of waste products have gained interest. Particularly, the method is considered more facile and green compared to conventional decomposition methods. Here, we demonstrated an upcycling of polypropylene (PP) waste to carbon materials by a microwave assisted hydro thermal treatment. The solid product obtained from the hydrothermal treatment was analyzed by multiple techniques to reveal the structure and the influence of processing conditions on PP degradation and hydrothermal carbonization. Chemical analyses showed the presence of carbonaceous material independent of acid amount (20 and 30 mL), temperature (210 and 250 degrees C), and time (20-80 min). A complete transformation of PP content to amorphous carbon required 60 min at 250 degrees C. The mass yield of the solid product decreased as a function of harsher processing conditions. At the same time, thermogravimetric analysis illustrated products with increasing thermal stability and a larger amount of remaining residue at 600 degrees C. The solid products consisted of irregular fragments and sheet-like structures. A solid state microwave process in air atmosphere was performed on a product with incomplete carbonization. The modification resulted in a decreased C/O ratio, and TGA analysis in nitrogen showed high thermal stability and degree of carbonization as indicated by the remaining residue of 86.4% at 600 degrees C. The new insights provided on the hydrothermal carbonization, and postmodification in air atmosphere, can catalyze effective handling of plastic waste by enabling transformation of low quality waste into functional carbon materials.
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| 19. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Oxidized Carbonized Cellulose-Coated Filters for Environmental Contaminant Adsorption and Detection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 59:30, s. 13578-13587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cationized cellulose filters with coating of oxidized carbonized cellulose (OCC) were successfully fabricated. The OCC-coated filter was demonstrated as a combined surface for adsorption of environmental contaminants and their detection on the filter by surface-assisted desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The cellulose filters were cationized by utilizing 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHTAC) and sodium hydroxide. It was shown that the degree of substitution increased with the CHTAC feed. OCC, synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose with subsequent oxidation and dialysis, was attached onto the cationized filters by electrostatic interactions. The filters adsorbed the model contaminant methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, and the MB could subsequently be detected on the filter surfaces by SALDI-MS as [M](+) adduct. The OCC coating further improved the relative peak intensity of [M](+) with little background interferences. This work indicates great potential for the OCC-coated filters as a combined surface for rapid monitoring of environmental contaminants.
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| 20. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Scavenging of DPPH by Persistent Free Radicals in Carbonized Particles
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : Wiley. - 2366-7486. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent free radicals (PFR) in carbonized particles may play a role in degradation of environmental compounds. The influence of PFR is evaluated in various carbonized particles on their radical scavenging efficiency upon the common radical indicator 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Carbonized particles are derived by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose (C-W) or glucose and urea (NC-W) and ionothermal carbonization of glucose and urea ionic liquid (IL) (NC-IL). The carbonized materials contain OH/COOH, C=C, and C-O functionalities. The addition of urea introduces NH/NH2 functionalities. The content of polar surface groups is lower in IL-processed NC-IL. The scavenging ability, measured as DPPH UV–vis absorption decline, increases with concentration and time for all particles, while the efficiency changes are in the order of C-W > NC-W > NC-IL. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis reveals similar radical concentration in all carbonized materials studied. The difference in efficiency is, thus, not directly related to the PFR concentration but rather to the type of PFR, surface functionalities and/or scavenging mechanism. According to the g-values, radicals in these particles are carbon-centered. The minor variation in g-values suggests interactions between the radicals and their environmental functional groups. This provides insights into the influence of PFR in carbonized materials on their radical scavenging efficiency.
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| 21. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Valorization of cellulose and waste paper to graphene oxide quantum dots
- 2015
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:34, s. 26550-26558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biobased graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQD) were derived from cellulose via carbon nanospheres (CN) as intermediate products. Solid CN were synthesized from cellulose through microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation of alpha-cellulose with H2SO4 as a catalyst at 160 degrees C. The obtained CN were further utilized for the synthesis of GOQD by a two-step reaction including 30 minutes of sonication followed by heating at 90 degrees C under O-rich acidic conditions (HNO3). This process broke down the 3D CN to 2D GOQD. The size of the synthesized GOQD was controlled by the heating time, reaching a dot diameter of 3.3 nm and 1.2 nm after 30 and 60 minutes of heating, respectively. The synthesis process and products were characterized by multiple analytical techniques including FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, DLS and AFM. Interesting optical properties in aqueous solutions were demonstrated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally we demonstrated that corresponding GOQD can be synthesized from waste paper. This production route thus uses renewable and cheap starting materials and relatively mild synthesis procedures leads to instant nanometric production of 2D dots. In addition it enables recycling of low quality waste to value-added products.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
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Zero-Dimensional and Highly Oxygenated Graphene Oxide for Multifunctional Poly(lactic acid) Bionanocomposites
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 4:10, s. 5618-5631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unique strengths of 2D graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) in polymer composites are thwarted by nanosheet agglomeration due to strong intersheet attractions. Here, we reveal that shrinking the planar size to 0D graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), together with the intercalation of rich oxygen functional groups, reduces filler aggregation and enhances interfacial interactions with the host polymer. With poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a model matrix, atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements illustrated that a triple increase in adhesion force to PLA was achieved for GOQDs (234.8 nN) compared to GONSs (80.4 nN), accounting for the excellent exfoliation and dispersion of GOQDs in PLA, in contrast to the notable agglomeration of GONSs. Although present at trace amount (0.05 wt %), GOQDs made a significant contribution to nucleation activity, mechanical strength and ductility, and gas barrier properties of PLA, which contrasted the inferior efficacy of GONSs, accompanied by clear distinction in film transparency (91% and 50%, respectively). Moreover, the GOQDs with higher hydrophilicity accelerated the degradation of PLA by enhancing water erosion, while the GONSs with large sheet surfaces gave a higher hydrolytic resistance. Our findings provide conceptual insights into the importance of the dimensionality and surface chemistry of GO nanostructures in the promising field of bionanocomposites integrating high strength and multifunction (e.g., enhanced transparency, degradation and gas barrier).
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| 24. |
- Adolfsson, Karin
(författare)
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Hydrothermal recycling of natural and synthetic polymers to functional carbon materials
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utilizing renewable recourses and waste recycling are necessary for reaching a circular resource society. The concept of this thesis was to set up a sustainable recycling route, suitable even for low quality biopolymer and plastic waste for production of functional carbon materials. Carbonaceous materials were prepared by mild hydrothermal carbonizations of cellulose and polypropylene (PP) under acidic conditions. The carbonization of cellulose resulted mainly in micro-/nanometer sized carbon spheres (CS) with polar functionalities. After carbonization of PP, products were found in solid and liquid phase. Completely carbonized solid carbons products were obtained from PP at 250 °C after 60 min. The liquid products from the same process displayed aromatics and exhibited fluorescence properties. In addition, new carbon materials were prepared by acid, base and thermal treatments of the carbonized products at low temperatures. Thermally resistant carbon products and antibacterial CS towards both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated as possible applications for these products. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of CS were 200-400 µg mL-1 depending on the bacteria strain and reached after only 3 h. Furthermore, nanometer sized carbon nanodots with high oxygenation degree and fluorescence properties were derived together with carbon flakes (CF) from the carbonized products. The CF with flat and micrometer sized morphology and polar groups were utilized for coating of cationized cellulose filters, applied as adsorbents and then subsequently as surfaces for SALDI-MS analysis of environmental contaminants. This work contributes with new routes to and applications for functional carbon materials.
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| 25. |
- Adolfsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Referral of patients with cancer to palliative care: Attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 31:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study aimed to explore the attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians regarding the referral process, integration and transition between oncology care and palliative care (PC). Methods A cross-sectional online survey was performed with a study-specific questionnaire in 2016-2017 in south-eastern Sweden. Physicians working with cancer patients within surgical specialties, medical specialties and paediatric oncology participated. Results The vast majority of the 130 participating physicians (99.2%) stated that PC was beneficial for the patient and were positive about early integration of PC (65.5%). Still, only 27.6% of the participants introduced PC at an early stage of non-curable disease. However, paediatric oncologists had a very early introduction of PC in comparison with medical specialties (p = 0.004). Almost 90% of the study population said they wanted to know that the patient had been taken care of by another care facility. Conclusions Despite the physicians' positive attitude towards early integration and referral to PC, they often acted late in the disease trajectory. This late approach can reduce the patient's opportunity of improving quality of life during severe circumstances. There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the physicians' challenges in order to bridge the gap between intentions and actions.
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| 26. |
- Adolfsson, Lisa, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Secondary- and Hormone Metabolism in Leaves of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Plant physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2548 .- 0032-0889. ; 175:1, s. 392-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most common symbiotic associations between a plant's root compartment and fungi. They provide nutritional benefit (mostly inorganic phosphate [Pi]), leading to improved growth, and nonnutritional benefits, including defense responses to environmental cues throughout the host plant, which, in return, delivers carbohydrates to the symbiont. However, how transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring in leaves of AM plants differ from those induced by Pi fertilization is poorly understood. We investigated systemic changes in the leaves of mycorrhized Medicago truncatula in conditions with no improved Pi status and compared them with those induced by high-Pi treatment in nonmycorrhized plants. Microarray-based genome-wide profiling indicated up-regulation by mycorrhization of genes involved in flavonoid, terpenoid, jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis as well as enhanced expression of MYC2, the master regulator of JA-dependent responses. Accordingly, total anthocyanins and flavonoids increased, and most flavonoid species were enriched in AM leaves. Both the AM and Pi treatments corepressed iron homeostasis genes, resulting in lower levels of available iron in leaves. In addition, higher levels of cytokinins were found in leaves of AM- and Pi-treated plants, whereas the level of ABA was increased specifically in AM leaves. Foliar treatment of nonmycorrhized plants with either ABA or JA induced the up-regulation of MYC2, but only JA also induced the up-regulation of flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthetic genes. Based on these results, we propose that mycorrhization and Pi fertilization share cytokinin-mediated improved shoot growth, whereas enhanced ABA biosynthesis and JA-regulated flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis in leaves are specific to mycorrhization.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Adolfsson, Päivi, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A father nevertheless : Self-confident but resigned fathers with children in foster care
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. - : Sage Publications. - 1744-6295 .- 1744-6309.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of nine fathers with neurodevelopmental disabilities with children in foster care, including their fathering role, visits and formal and informal support. Systematic text condensation was the analysis method used. The respondents’ experience of fatherhood revealed two categories: I accept my situation and I am frustrated. Though self-confident, the fathers expressed ambivalence between acceptance and frustration with their role. The study shows that more should be done to provide adapted support for these vulnerable fathers with children in foster care, although they seldom demand such support. Social workers and professionals from the rehabilitation team within the healthcare service should be aware of gendered settings, specifically norms of masculinity. Increased efforts from the social workers may reduce the risks of detachment in parenthood because engaged and informed fathers are in the children’s best interests.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Adolfsson, Päivi, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement benefit from intervention
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : Wiley. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 26:1, s. 79-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement need to be listened to and to receive help in understanding and dealing with their situation. A support programme for this group was developed in Australia and then adapted for use in a Swedish context and named 'Mamma Trots Allt' (MTA). The aim was to examine the experiences of these mothers regarding their mothering role after participation in MTA. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Inclusion criteria were mothers with cognitive limitations, a child in placement and participation in MTA. Nine mothers, eight of them from a previous study, gave their informed consent to participate. A study-specific interview guide was adapted to people with cognitive limitations. The interviews took place after the final MTA session. The qualitative analyses resulted in a description of the mothers' experiences and how they changed after MTA, resulting in an overall theme, two subthemes, four categories and 11 subcategories. MTA facilitated the mothers' maturation and broadened their earlier, stereotypic life expectations. Offering a support programme benefits not only the mother but most likely the child as well.
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| 31. |
- Annika, Lindh, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Description of inhalation technique in patients with COPD in primary care
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52:Suppl. 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: A recent systematic review showed that only about one third of the patients had a correct inhalation technique and the number had not improved the last 40 years¹.Aim: The aim was to describe errors, separated into errors related to devices and errors related to inhalation technique, that occur when patients with COPD inhale medications.Method: In this descriptive study, patients with a COPD diagnosis were recruited from a randomized controlled trial performed 2015-2016 in primary care in four county councils in Sweden. A COPD nurse assessed the inhalation technique using a checklist with errors related to devices and to inhalation technique with possibility to write additional comments.Results: In total, 167 patients using 287 inhalers were assessed, 52% (n = 86) were female, mean age 71 years. A total of 163 errors were noted in the checklist, of which 87 were related to inhalation technique and 76 were related to devices. Except from this the COPD nurse had written comments regarding 53 errors that were not included in the checklist. At least one error (range: 1-7 errors) was made by 46% (n = 76) of the patients.Conclusion: The results show that many patients do not use the device correctly. Both errors related to inhalation technique and related to devices were present. This implies that there is a need to focus on both aspects when teaching patients how to inhale their medication. The checklist used in this study needs to be further improved.
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| 32. |
- Annika, Lindh, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Incorrect inhalation technique is common in patients with COPD in primary care
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results show that many patients don’t use the inhaler correctly. Errors related to inhalation technique were twice as common as those related to devices. When teaching patients to use the inhalers it seems like there is a need to focus more on the inhalation technique itself. The checklist used in this study needs to be further improved.
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| 33. |
- B. Erdal, Nejla, et al.
(författare)
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Green Strategy to Reduced Nanographene Oxide through Microwave Assisted Transformation of Cellulose
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 6:1, s. 1245-1255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A green strategy for fabrication of biobased reduced nanographene oxide (r-nGO) was developed. Cellulose derived nanographene oxide (nGO) type carbon nanodots were reduced by microwave assisted hydrothermal treatment with superheated water alone or in the presence of caffeic acid (CA), a green reducing agent. The carbon nanodots, r-nGO and r-nGO-CA, obtained through the two different reaction routes without or with the added reducing agent, were characterized by multiple analytical techniques including FTIR, XPS, Raman, XRD, TGA, TEM, AFM, UV-vis, and DLS to confirm and evaluate the efficiency of the reduction reactions. A significant decrease in oxygen content accompanied by increased number of sp2 hybridized functional groups was confirmed in both cases. The synergistic effect of superheated water and reducing agent resulted in the highest C/O ratio and thermal stability, which also supported a more efficient reduction. Interesting optical properties were detected by fluorescence spectroscopy where nGO, r-nGO, and r-nGO-CA all displayed excitation dependent fluorescence behavior. r-nGO-CA and its precursor nGO were evaluated toward osteoblastic cells MG-63 and exhibited nontoxic behavior up to 200 μg mL-1, which gives promise for utilization in biomedical applications.
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| 34. |
- Benyahia Erdal, Nejla, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental optometry. - : WILEY. - 0816-4622 .- 1444-0938. ; 101:3, s. 354-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acuvue Oasys silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Senofilcon A) are used as bandage lenses and often combined with ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of ocular diseases. Concerns have been raised regarding the compatibility and effect of eye-drop solutions on the bandage lenses, which have led to frequent replacement of lenses causing clinical problems. Some patients experience pain or discomfort during treatments and the accumulation of drugs and preservatives in lenses has been suggested as a possible reason. The aim with this study was to investigate the effect of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The effect of three common ophthalmic solutions Isopto-Maxidex, Timosan and Oftaquix on Acuvue Oasys (Senofilcon A) bandage lenses was evaluated. An in vitro model method was developed where drug and preservative uptake by Acuvue Oasys was monitored with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry. Surface morphology changes of the lenses were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The method was then implemented for the in vivo pilot study evaluating lenses worn by patients. Results: In vitro model study monitoring the drug and preservatives uptake showed that the active ingredients from all the eye drops together with preservatives were taken up by the lenses in significant amounts. For the in vivo study no traces of active ingredients or preservatives could be found on the worn and treated lenses regardless of time being worn or dosage profiles. The surface morphology changes in the in vivo study were also minor in contrast to the changes observed in the in vitro scanning electron microscopy images. Conclusion: The in vivo results demonstrate minor effects of the ophthalmic solutions on the worn lenses. These results do not support the building up of preservatives and drugs on the contact lenses as the cause of pain or discomfort experienced by some patients, which is encouraging for the use of bandage lenses in combination with ophthalmic solutions.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Blomstrand, Hakon, et al.
(författare)
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Complete Radiologic Response of Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Microwave Ablation Combined with Second-Line Palliative Chemotherapy
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 2090-6528 .- 2090-6536. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a bleak prognosis, especially for the majority of patients diagnosed with metastatic disease. The primary option for palliative treatment is chemotherapy, and responses beyond first-line treatment are rare and typically short. Here, we report a case of a 63-year-old woman with PDAC in the head of the pancreas who was initially successfully treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine. However, disease recurrence with liver and para-aortic lymph node metastases was detected only two months after the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. First-line palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine-nab/paclitaxel was commenced. The results were discouraging, with disease progression (liver and lung metastases) detected at the first evaluation; the progression-free survival was just two months (64 days). Surprisingly, the response to second-line palliative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil-oxaliplatin was excellent; in combination with the ablation of a liver metastasis, this treatment regimen resulted in a complete radiological response and an 11-month treatment-free interval with a sustained good performance status.
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| 37. |
- Broberg, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic and demographic determinants affecting participation in the Swedish cervical screening program: A population-based case-control study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - San Francisco, CA, USA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cervical screening programs are highly protective for cervical cancer, but only for women attending screening procedure. Identify socio-economic and demographic determinants for non-attendance in cervical screening. Population: Source population was all women eligible for screening. Based on complete screening records, two groups of women aged 30-60 were compared. The case group, non-attending women, (N = 314,302) had no smear registered for 6-8 years. The control group (N = 266,706) attended within 90 days of invitation. Main outcome measures: Risk of non-attendance by 9 groups of socioeconomic and demographic variables. Analysis: Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and OR after adjustment for all variables in logistic regression models were calculated. Women with low disposable family income (adjOR 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01-2.11), with low education (adjOR 1.77; CI 1.73-1.81) and not cohabiting (adjOR 1.47; CI 1.45-1.50) were more likely to not attend cervical screening. Other important factors for non-attendance were being outside the labour force and receiving welfare benefits. Swedish counties are responsible for running screening programs; adjusted OR for non-participation in counties ranged from OR 4.21 (CI 4.06-4.35) to OR 0.54 (CI 0.52-0.57), compared to the reference county. Being born outside Sweden was a risk factor for non-attendance in the unadjusted analysis but this disappeared in certain large groups after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. County of residence and socio-economic factors were strongly associated with lower attendance in cervical screening, while being born in another country was of less importance. This indicates considerable potential for improvement of cervical screening attendance in several areas if best practice of routines is adopted.
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| 38. |
- Chen, Chang-Er L., et al.
(författare)
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Deriving in Vivo Bioconcentration Factors of a Mixture of Fragrance Ingredients Using a Single Dietary Exposure and Internal Benchmarking
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 52:9, s. 5227-5235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemicals in mixtures that are hydrophobic with Log K-OW > 4 are potentially bioaccumulative. Here, we evaluate an abbreviated and benchmarked in vivo BCF measurement methodology by exposing rainbow trout to a mixture of eight test chemicals found in fragrance substances and three benchmark chemicals (musk xylene (MX), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and PCB52) via a single contaminated feeding event followed by a 28-day depuration period. Concentrations of HCB and PCB52 in fish did not decline significantly (their apparent depuration rate constants, k(T), were close to zero), whereas k(T) for MX was 0.022 d(-1). The test chemicals were eliminated much more rapidly than the benchmark chemicals (k(T) > 0.117 d(-1)). The bioconcentration factors (BCFA) for the test chemicals were in the range of 273 L kg(-1) (8-cyclohexadecen-1-one (globanone)) to 1183 L kg(-1) (alpha-pinene); the benchmarked BCFs (BCFG) calculated relative to HCB ranged from 238 L kg(-1) (globanone) to 1147 L kg(-1) (alpha-pinene). BCFG were not significantly different from BCFA but had smaller standard errors. BCFs derived here agreed well with values previously measured using the OECD 305 test protocol. We conclude that it will be feasible to derive BCFs of chemicals in mixtures using a single dietary exposure and chemical benchmarking.
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| 39. |
- Chen, Changer Long, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of fragrance ingredients in fish by ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by purge & trap
- 2017
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Ingår i: Analytical Methods. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1759-9660 .- 1759-9679. ; 9:15, s. 2237-2245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fragrance materials are widely used in household and personal care products in applications that can lead to emissions into the aquatic environment. Assessing the potential of fragrance materials to bioaccumulate in fish in in vivo laboratory studies requires a reliable analytical method for determining the concentrations of chemical substances in fish tissue. Here, we present an analytical method for simultaneously measuring a group of model chemicals that are representative of chemicals found in fragrance materials in rainbow trout. This method involves ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by enrichment of the fragrance ingredients using a purge & trap system. Nine fragrance ingredients including semi-volatile and volatile compounds were selected as model substances for method development. Homogenised whole rainbow trout subsamples were spiked with these nine model fragrance ingredients, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52). The targeted chemicals were extracted from the fish tissue using acetonitrile in an ultrasonic bath; after solvent exchange to hexane, they were extracted into the gas phase by heating the samples and purging with nitrogen and trapped on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Finally, these chemicals were eluted with hexane from the SPE column and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed method has been evaluated for blanks, spiked recoveries and precision, which are all acceptable. We believe that the method presented here is generally applicable for analysis of acid-sensitive volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals in fish and provides the basis to conduct in vivo bioaccumulation studies of fragrance materials.
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| 40. |
- De Lima, S., et al.
(författare)
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Rupture and chemical accumulation in contact lenses with dexamethasone eye drop administration after congenital cataract surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate whether contact lenses used after surgery for congenital cataracts act as a depot for dexamethasone, which would allow the prescribed amount of drops to be reduced, and to examine whether the preservative benzalkonium chloride accumulates in the contact lens matrix, which would suggest a need for more frequent replacements. Methods: Contact lenses (n = 10) worn by infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops after congenital cataract surgery were analysed with scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and LDI-MS for chemical deposits and for changes on the contact lens surface. Unused lenses (n = 5) and lenses (n = 4) from patients with no eye drop treatment were analysed as reference. Results: The treated contact lenses displayed ruptured surfaces in comparison with unused and reference lenses. Dexamethasone and BAK were not detected in any of the lenses. A polyethylene oxide component was found in the treated lenses, likely originating from the dexamethasone eye drops or the contact lens solution. Conclusion: Dexamethasone and BAK do not accumulate in the contact lenses, and a depot effect of any clinical significance is unlikely. Therefore, the number of drops given after surgery should remain the same regardless of whether the child has contact lenses. The ruptured surface may both decrease the child’s comfort and increase the risk of microbial adhesion, and so it is recommended that contact lenses should be replaced once a month throughout the course of anti-inflammatory eye drop treatment after surgery for congenital cataract.
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| 41. |
- Delekta, Szymon Sollami, et al.
(författare)
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Fully inkjet printed ultrathin microsupercapacitors based on graphene electrodes and a nano-graphene oxide electrolyte
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 11:21, s. 10172-10177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advance of miniaturized and low-power electronics has a striking impact on the development of energy storage devices with constantly tougher constraints in terms of form factor and performance. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are considered a potential solution to this problem, thanks to their compact device structure. Great efforts have been made to maximize their performance with new materials like graphene and to minimize their production cost with scalable fabrication processes. In this regard, we developed a full inkjet printing process for the production of all-graphene microsupercapacitors with electrodes based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene and an ultrathin solid-state electrolyte based on nano-graphene oxide. The devices exploit the high ionic conductivity of nano-graphene oxide coupled with the high electrical conductivity of graphene films, yielding areal capacitances of up to 313 mu F cm-2 at 5 mV s-1 and high power densities of up to 4 mW cm-3 with an overall device thickness of only 1 mu m.
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| 42. |
- Duch, J., et al.
(författare)
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Work function modifications of graphite surface via oxygen plasma treatment
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 419, s. 439-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface modification of graphite by oxygen plasma was investigated experimentally (X-ray diffraction, nanoparticle tracking analysis, laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, water contact angle) and by molecular modelling (Density Functional Theory). Generation of surface functional groups (mainly –OHsurf) leads to substantial changes in electrodonor properties and wettability gauged by work function and water contact angle, respectively. The invoked modifications were analyzed in terms of Helmholtz model taking into account the theoretically determined surface dipole moment of graphite—OHsurf system (μ = 2.71 D) and experimentally measured work function increase (from 0.75 to 1.02 eV) to determine the –OH surface coverage (from 0.70 to 1.03 × 1014 groups cm−2). Since the plasma treatment was confined to the surface, the high thermal stability of the graphite material was preserved as revealed by the thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained results provide a suitable quantitative background for tuning the key operating parameters of carbon electrodes: electronic properties, interaction with water and thermal stability.
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| 43. |
- Feng, Zhaoxuan, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon dot/polymer nanocomposites : From green synthesis to energy, environmental and biomedical applications
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Materials and Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-9937. ; 29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon dots (CDs), a novel family of multifunctional carbon-nanomaterials, has the potential to revolutionize several important fields supporting the transformation to sustainable bioeconomy. CDs are characterized by attractive properties such as tunable optoelectronic and fluorescence properties, low toxicity, good biocompatibility, bioactivity and superior water solubility. Diverse methods and precursors have been applied for the synthesis of CDs. The possibility to scale-up the synthesis of CDs by employing Green Chemistry principles is a current research hotspot and a prerequisite for large-scale production and applications. Incorporation of CDs into polymer matrices, is another emerging research area with wide potential application range. This approach endows additional desirable functions and enables easy handling and reuse. This review summarizes recent progress regarding the green synthesis of CDs, the fundamental strategies for the construction of CD/polymer nanocomposites and the state-of-art applications of the CD/polymer nanocomposites in the realm of energy storage, environment and biomedicine. Finally, the outlook including challenges and future potential of CDs and CD/polymer composites are discussed.
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| 44. |
- Feng, Zhaoxuan, et al.
(författare)
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Recent progress in the use of graphene/polymer composites to remove oil contaminants from water
- 2021
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Ingår i: Xinxing tancailiao. - : Elsevier BV. - 1007-8827. ; 36:2, s. 235-252
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequent oil spill accidents and the massive discharge of industrial oily sewage have destroyed the ecological balance and threatened marine life. Graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have emerged as important materials in the field of oil/water separation because of their remarkable physicochemical properties including high specific surface area, low density, high porosity and tailorable surface functionality. To take full advantage of G and GO, their incorporation with polymers to build functional G/polymer and GO/polymer composites has recently gained increasing popularity because of their improved oil clean-up capability, outstanding mechanical performance, relatively low cost and adjustable surface chemical composition. Tremendous efforts have contributed to the development of G/polymer and GO/polymer composite oil clean-up sorbents and filtration membranes in 3D structural forms such as aerogels, foams, sponges and membranes. In this review, a comprehensive picture from the basic theory of the surface wettability to the recent advances in G/polymer and GO/polymer composite oil clean-up sorbents and filtration membranes are highlighted. The strategies for oil recovery and regeneration of the sorbents are also summarized. Current challenges and future research directions in this topic are provided, aimed at providing new perspectives for in-depth exploration in this field.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Gazzotti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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DOX mediated synthesis of PLA-co-PS graft copolymers with matrix-driven self-assembly in PLA-based blends
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Polymer Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-3057 .- 1873-1945. ; 170, s. 111157-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intriguing phase morphology was formed through self-assembly of polylactide-polystyrene (PLA-co-PS) graft copolymers blended with polylactide (PLA). PLA-co-PS graft copolymers were synthesized by exploiting a styrene-functionalized 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one (StyDOX) monomer through a two-step procedure and their structure was confirmed. Different amounts of PLA-co-PS and commercial PLA were solution cast to blend films. Etching of amorphous PLA revealed the presence of spherical micrometer sized domains dispersed within the films, arising from the self-assembly behavior of PLA-co-PS caused by the immiscibility of PS-grafts in the PLA matrix. EDS and IR imaging analyses further revealed that these microspheres were characterized by a PS-rich core opposed to the PLA-rich outer shell, which is expected to be miscible and able to form favorable interactions with the PLA matrix. PLA/PS blends were also prepared with different loadings of PLA-co-PS. The ability of PLA-co-PS to compatibilize the two phases was assessed through rheological analyses. Finally, the possibility to chemically recycle the copolymer was evaluated.
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| 47. |
- Gazzotti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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One-Pot Synthesis of Sustainable High-Performance Thermoset by Exploiting Eugenol Functionalized 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 6:11, s. 15201-15211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one (DOX) chemistry was explored for production of "one-pot" biobased polyester thermosets. DOX monomer was first functionalized by naturally occurring eugenol to introduce a structural element, which could induce cross-linking reaction through cationic polymerization of the double bond. The feasibility of polymerizing DOX monomers bearing bulky side groups was proven by model phenol-substituted DOX monomer (PhDOX). Once the reaction was shown to be effective, the same protocol was applied to eugenol-substituted monomer (EuDOX). A brief screening of the optimal catalyst concentration was performed, to obtain a highly cross-linked product. The synthesized thermoset showed good thermal resistance and high mechanical strength probably due to the rich aromatic content. The obtained thermoset was further subjected to microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation test, which demonstrated complete recyclability to water or methanol soluble products. NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy analyses of the obtained degradation products unveiled the structure of the thermoset, strongly indicating that the polymerization of eugenol-functionalized DOX monomer resulted in polylactide-like chains connected with aromatic aliphatic segments resulting from the reaction of the eugenol double bonds. The presence of free hydroxyl and carboxyl groups sheds light on the mechanism behind the observed shape-memory and self-healing properties.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Gusdal, Annelie K, 1963-
(författare)
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Family caregiving for persons with heart failure : Perspectives of family caregivers, persons with heart failure and registered nurses
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heart failure is a growing public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Family support positively affects outcomes for the person with heart failure while also leading to caregiver burden. Registered nurses have a key role in supporting and meeting the needs of family caregivers.The overall aim was to explore the situation and needs of family caregivers to a person with heart failure, and explore requisites and ways of supporting and involving family caregivers in heart failure nursing care.Two interview studies, one web survey study and one intervention study were conducted between 2012 and 2017. A total of 22 family caregivers, eight persons with heart failure and 331 registered nurses participated in the studies.Family caregivers' daily life was characterized by worry, uncertainty and relational incongruence but salutogenic behaviours restored new strength and motivation to care. Family caregivers experienced that their caregiving was taken for granted by health care professionals. Family caregivers expressed a need for a permanent health care contact and more involvement in the planning and implementation of their near one’s health care together with health care professionals. Registered nurses acknowledged family caregivers’ burden, lack of knowledge and relational incongruence. A registered nurse was suggested as a permanent health care contact to improve continuity and security. Registered nurses neither acknowledged family caregivers as a resource nor their need for involvement. Registered nurses working in primary health care centres, in nurse-led heart failure clinics, with district nurse specialization, with education in cardiac nursing care held the most supportive attitudes toward family involvement in heart failure nursing care. Family health conversations via telephone in nurse-led heart failure clinics were found to successfully support and involve families. The conversations enhanced nurse-family relationship and relations within the family. They also provided registered nurses with new, relevant knowledge and understanding about the family as a whole. Family health conversations via telephone were feasible to both families and registered nurses, although fewer and shorter conversations were preferred by registered nurses.This thesis highlights the divergence between family caregivers’ experiences and needs, and registered nurses’ perceptions about family caregivers’ situation and attitudes toward the importance of family involvement. It adds to the knowledge on the importance to acknowledge family caregivers as a resource and to support and involve them in heart failure nursing care. One feasible and successful way is to conduct Family health conversations via telephone in nurse-led heart failure clinics.
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| 50. |
- Gusdal, Annelie K, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Family Health Conversations Conductedby Telephone in Heart Failure Nursing Care : A Feasibility Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sage Open Nursing. - : SAGE Open. - 2377-9608. ; 4, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Registered nurses (RNs) in heart failure (HF) nursing care have a key role in providing family support, which positively affectsthe outcome for the patient. Telephone interventions conducted by RNs have been reported to be successful in HF nursingcare, but Family Health Conversations (FamHCs) involving the patient and the family, have not previously been tested. Thepurpose of the current study was to explore the experiences and feasibility of nurse-led FamHCs conducted by telephonewith patients and their family caregivers. A single-group intervention study with a pretest–posttest design was conducted inthree regional hospitals that had a nurse-led HF clinic. Five RNs, eight patients, and eight family caregivers participated. ThreeFamHCs were conducted by telephone with each family every 2 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative data were collectedthrough semistructured interviews and questionnaires. FamHCs improved the nurse–family relationships and relationshipswithin the families and provided RNs with new knowledge about the families. FamHCs conducted by telephone wereconsidered to be feasible for both families and RNs, although RNs preferred fewer and shorter FamHCs. The RNs preferredmeeting face-to-face with the families as nonverbal communication between the family members could be missed because oflack of visual input. On the other hand, RNs appreciated to focus entirely on the conversation without the need to performillness-related routine checks. In conclusion, the advantages of FamHCs conducted by telephone outweighed the disadvantages.Visual contact, provided by video telephony, and a shorter version of the tested FamHC would facilitate the use in HFnursing care.
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