| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Afshari, Alireza, 1956
(författare)
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Determination of VOC Emissions from Surface Coatings by Environmental Test Chamber Measurements
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emitting properties of different building materials are obtained by measurements in environmental chambers of a few established designs. In order to interpret the results from the measurements and to predict the influence on the indoor environment, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the parameters governing the emission process. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this understanding by focusing on the process of emission of chemicals from building materials and on the influence of a number of parameters governing the process. In emission studies reported in the literature, few investigations deal with the comparison of the VOC emission rates obtained by measurements in different test chambers. In the present study, a 1m3-chamber, a CLIMPAQ and a FLEC were used for measurement of the concentrations of various compounds from surface coatings. The study focuses on parameters which could be considered to have a substantial influence on the emission rates, or which do not appear to have been thoroughly studied previously. Interest has mainly been focused on the influence of air velocity, airflow rate and sorption on the emission rate, when other parameters have been maintained constant. It was found that during the first 24 hours, by varying the airflow rate under given test conditions in a test chamber, a number of physical parameters have a direct influence on the emission process. From the start of the test until steady state has been reached, the measured concentration variations may be divided into three different phases. The results from measurements showed that the higher the airflow rates, the faster a steady state was attained. Furthermore, all the selected substances did not reach steady state at the same time during the experiments. The effect of the air velocity above the surface on the emission of VOCs was studied in the three mentioned environmental chambers. It was found that the emission rates of the compounds at 22, 23 and 24 hours after the start of the test systematically increase with increasing air velocity. It was possible to determine the magnitude of increase to 10-20%. However, it was difficult to determine the exact level of increase of the emission rate, due to the uncertainty of the measurements and the low levels of increase. Finally, the characterisation of adsorption of VOCs on the inside of the empty chambers has been studied. The experimental studies for all three chambers show that the sorption of substances in the 1 m3-chamber was slightly lower than in the FLEC. The CLIMPAQ shows a larger capacity of sorption with material specimens than without material specimens. This indicates that the gases emitted from painted plates adsorb again onto the test materials.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Afshari, Alireza, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Ventilation Rate, Ozone and Limonene on Perceived Air Quality in Offices
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Indoor Air 2002 Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study has been to clarify to what extent ozone (03) and 03 !limonene in interaction with surface materials has an impact on the indoor air quality in typical low-polluting offices at various, realistic air change rates. Changes of environmental conditions were performed seven days before the chemical sampling. Organic compounds were collected on Tenax TA adsorbent tubes and the samples were analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass selective detectors. The concentration of Total Volatile Organic Compounds were asexpected found to be inversely proportional to air change rates. Aldehydes and organic acids werefound at increased levels when the air change rate was decreased from 1.0 h1 to 0.3 h1. Increased ventilation rate to 3.0 h1 did not induce additional changes in the chemical composition of aldehydes and organic acids. The fractions of aldehydes and organic acids relative to nonreactive alkanes indicated that chemical transformation in the indoor environment indeed took place; however, it could not be clearly specified whether the chemical changes were of homogeneous or heterogeneous character. The effects of 03 and 03 /limonene in interaction with surface materials in the offices over seven weeks showed different reaction pattems depending material and treatment.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Afshari, Alireza, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Naborøg og overførsel af partielforurening
- 2010
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Ingår i: HVAC - Magasin for klima- og energiteknik, miljø, bygningsinstalltioner & -Netværk. ; 1:2010, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Afshari, Alireza, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of ultrafine particles from second-hand tobacco smoke infiltration
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the CLIMA 2010 Conference: 10th REHVA World Congress 'Sustainable Energy use in Buildings', 8 pages.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents some of the results of a second-hand tobacco smoke intervention studycarried out in 19 flats in four different buildings. Two of the investigated buildings were nonrenovatedand two others were renovated. The aim of the study was to quantify infiltration ofultrafine particles from a smoker's flat into a non-smoker's flat. In addition, several tests werecarried out to describe some solutions for reduction of particle concentrations in the smoker'sflat and the non-smoker's flat. The air change rates and the indoor particle concentrationswere measured continuously during the measuring periods. The particle sources (particlegenerating activities) were cigarette-burning in the un-occupied buildings and candle-burningin the occupied buildings. Reductions of the concentration of ultrafine particles using aircleaning devices were studied. Results showed that the transfer of ultrafine particles wasabout 9% when the source flat was located below the receiving flat, whereas the transfer was1-2% when the source flat was on the same floor as, or above, the receiving flat.
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| 9. |
- Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor particles affect vascular function in the aged: an air filtration-based intervention study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 177:4, s. 419-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Exposure to particulate matter is associated with risk of cardiovascular events, possibly through endothelial dysfunction, and indoor air may be most important. OBJECTIVES: We investigated effects of controlled exposure to indoor air particles on microvascular function (MVF) as the primary endpoint and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress as secondary endpoints in a healthy elderly population. METHODS: A total of 21 nonsmoking couples participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with two consecutive 48-hour exposures to either particle-filtered or nonfiltered air (2,533-4,058 and 7,718-12,988 particles/cm(3), respectively) in their homes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: MVF was assessed noninvasively by measuring digital peripheral artery tone after arm ischemia. Secondary endpoints included hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelet count, coagulation factors, P-selectin, plasma amyloid A, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, protein oxidation measured as 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde in plasma, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha), and blood pressure. Indoor air filtration significantly improved MVF by 8.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.4-16.3%), and the particulate matter (diameter < 2.5 mum) mass of the indoor particles was more important than the total number concentration (10-700 nm) for these effects. MVF was significantly associated with personal exposure to iron, potassium, copper, zinc, arsenic, and lead in the fine fraction. After Bonferroni correction, none of the secondary biomarkers changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of particle exposure by filtration of recirculated indoor air for only 48 hours improved MVF in healthy elderly citizens, suggesting that this may be a feasible way of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 10. |
- Enze, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Airborne Particles removal by Negative Ions Generated in Ambient Air and Inert Gas
- 2017
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Ingår i: In: Proceedings of the 10<sup>th</sup> International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning – ISHVAC 2017. 19-22 2017; Jinan, China.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne particles can be removed by air ions in enclosed environment, but the main drawback of this method is the formation of harmful by-products such as ozone (O3). In this study, we use ambient air and inert gas, including argon (Ar) and Nitrogen (N2) to generate negative ions respectively, and then release those ions into an enclosed chamber with ambient air. We then investigated the particle concentration decay rates and O3 concentration increase in the chamber. We found that the particle concentration decay rates were 0.343 min-1, 0.209 min-1 and 0.274 min-1 when ions were generated in ambient air, Ar and N2 respectively. The ozone concentration does not show a marked increase when using either ambient air or inert gas (Ar and N2) to generate ions. Since the temperature and humidity of ambient air may influence the ozone generation during ionizing, further study should be investigated.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lundgren, Björn, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Air quality in offices, impact of ventilation rate, ozone and limonene
- 2003
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Ingår i: The 4th international conference on Cold Climat HVAC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study has been to clarify to what extent ozone (O3) and O3 /limonene in interaction with surface materials has an impact on the indoor air quality in typical low-polluting offices at realistic outdoor air change rates. Three similar offices furnished with the same materials and ventilated with charcoal filtered outdoor air were used in the study. Eight environmental conditions with different realistic combinations of air change rate, O3 and limonene levels were studied. Changes of environmental conditions were performed seven days before the first chemical sampling was performed at set conditions. Decreasing the air change rate from 1.0 to 0.3 h-1 increased the levels of volatile organic compounds in the indoor air. The presence of ozone affected the level and fraction of aldehydes proposing chemical transformations. Adding new materials to the offices at a low air change rate of 0.3 h-1 demonstrated a variable effect depending on the specific air quality in the room. Normal concentration of O3 in indoor environment contributes to chemical transformations even in low-polluted offices.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Nasiri, Fuzhan, et al.
(författare)
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Data Analytics and Information Technologies for Smart Energy Storage Systems : A State-of-the-Art Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-6707. ; 84, s. 104004-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a state-of-the-art review on emerging applications of smart tools such as data analytics and smart technologies such as internet-of-things in case of design, management and control of energy storage systems. In particular, we have established a classification of the types and targets of various predictive analytics for estimation of load, energy prices, renewable energy inputs, state of the charge, fault diagnosis, etc. In addition, the applications of information technologies, and in particular, use of cloud, internet-of-things, building management systems and building information modeling and their contributions to management of energy storage systems will be reviewed in details. The paper concludes by highlighting the emerging issues in smart energy storage systems and providing directions for future research.
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| 15. |
- Orpana, Heather M., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ (Online). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
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| 16. |
- Polak, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the performance of heat valve ventilation system : A study on the provided thermal environment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study presents and evaluates the performance of two types of supply air terminal devices applied in a heat valve ventilation (HVV) system with regard to the provided thermal environment in a room heated and ventilated by the HVV system. To that end, air temperature and air velocity patterns and local thermal discomfort due to draught were studied both experimentally and numerically. Using numerical simulations, parametric analysis was carried out for investigating the provided indoor thermal environment for a wider range of boundary conditions. The considered parameters included the influence of cold vertical surfaces, supply airflow rate and temperature, and room heating energy demand. The results showed that both of the applied air terminal devices could avoid temperature stratification within the occupied zone. The maximum air temperature difference between 0.1 and 1.8 m above the floor was 2.1 degrees C when using a circular valve placed in the external wall below the window and 2.6 degrees C in the case when the air was supplied through three nozzles located in the wall opposite to the window in the upper part of the room. In general, placing the air terminal device below the window provided more uniform air temperature distribution and contributed to the prevention of downdraught caused by a cold window surface. The outcomes of this study are relevant to selecting and designing ventilation and air heating systems for low-energy buildings.
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| 17. |
- Rahnama, Samira, et al.
(författare)
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Cooling capacity of diffuse ceiling ventilation system and the impact of heat load and diffuse panel distribution
- 2020
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse ceiling ventilation system is an air distribution system based on the low-impulse supply of air through the perforated panels installed as the suspended ceiling. A ceiling with diffuse supply typically consists of active and passive panels, where active panels allow airflow. Diffuse ceiling ventilation system has been proven to have a higher cooling capacity compared to conventional air distribution systems, e.g. mixing or displacement ventilation systems. Several parameters have an impact on the cooling capacity of the system though. The present research study evaluates the cooling capacity of the diffuse ceiling ventilation system in connection to two essential parameters, i.e. the distribution of heat load in the room and the distribution of active diffuse panels in the ceiling. The evaluation is based on full-scale experiments performed in a laboratory-controlled environment as well as numerical studies with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The cooling capacity of the system in several scenarios with different heat load and active diffuse panel distribution are compared under a certain thermal comfort condition. The results indicate the highest cooling capacity in the scenario with evenly distributed heat load in the room and compact distribution of active diffuse panels in the ceiling, while the active panels cover almost one-third of the suspended ceiling. The system is at its minimum cooling capacity in the scenario with compact heat load distribution in the room and disperse distribution of active diffuse panels in the ceiling.
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| 18. |
- Sadeghian, Parastoo, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the cooling capacity of diffuse ceiling ventilation systems for different ratios of perforated area
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse ceiling ventilation system is an air distribution system, in which the outdoor air is supplied to the occupied room through the perforated panels installed in the ceiling. This method has been proven to have a higher cooling capacity compared to the conventional air distribution systems. This study is a part of an ongoing project consists of two phases. In the first phase, the project aimed to experimentally investigate the dependence of the cooling capacity on the location of heat sources in the room and the distribution of diffusive supply areas in the ceiling. The experimental study was carried out in order to calibrate the model of the test room with the perforated panels cover the entire ceiling. The second phase of the project numerically studied the cooling capacity of the system in several scenarios with different ratios of perforated to non-perforated panels in the ceiling, with even distribution of the heat sources. The obtained results showed that decreasing the area of the perforated panels can improve the cooling capacity of the diffuse ceiling system.
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| 19. |
- Sadeghian, Parastoo, et al.
(författare)
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The role of design parameters on the performance of diffuse ceiling ventilation systems – thermal comfort analyses for indoor environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Building Energy Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-2549 .- 1756-2201. ; , s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal comfort conditions profoundly affect the occupants’ health and productivity. A diffuse ceiling ventilation system is an air distribution system in which the air is supplied to the occupied zone with relatively a low velocity through the perforated panels installed in the ceiling. The current study evaluated the impact of diffuse ceiling design parameters, i.e. diffuse panel configurations and heat load distributions, on the thermal comfort condition of the occupants. In this regard, the computational fluid dynamics technique was used to evaluate thermal comfort conditions in a waiting room, meeting room and office. The central and dispersal configuration of active diffuse panels was considered. The PMV-PPD model was applied to evaluate the overall occupants’ comfort, while the draft rate was considered to assess local thermal comfort. The model validation was performed by comparing the collected laboratory measurement data. Overall, the results indicated that the central active diffuse panel configuration had a better thermal comfort than the dispersed one. The evaluation of dispersed configuration in realist scenarios, including office and waiting room, had the highest dissatisfaction, with a PPD value of 9%. Local thermal comfort assessment revealed that dispersed configuration had the highest draft rate of 14% in the office.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of operating room ventilation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 40, s. 102693-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilation systems are the primary way of eliminating airborne pathogenic particles in an operating room (OR). However, such systems can be complex due to factors such as different surgical instruments, diverse room sizes, various staff counts, types of clothing used, different surgical types and duration, medications, and patient conditions. OR ventilation should provide a thermally comfortable environment for the surgical staff team members while preventing the patient from suffering from any extreme hypothermia. Many technical, logistical, and ethical implications need to be considered in the early stage of designing a ventilation system for an OR. Years of research and a significant number of publications have highlighted the controversy and disagreement among infection specialists, design engineers, and ventilation experts in this context. This review article aims to provide a good understanding of OR ventilation systems in the context of air quality and infection control from existing research and provide multidimensional insights for appropriate design and operation of the OR. To this end, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature, covering 253 articles in this context. Systematic review and meta-analyses were used to map the evidence and identify research gaps in the existing clinical, practical, and engineering knowledge. The present study is categorized into six research focuses: ventilation system, thermal comfort, staff work practice and obstacles, door operation and passage, air cleaning technology, emission rate, and clothing systems. In the conclusion, we summarize the key limitations of the existing studies and insights for future research direction.
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| 22. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulation of the impact of surgeon posture on airborne particle distribution in a turbulent mixing operating theatre
- 2016
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 110, s. 140-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne particles released from surgical team members are major sources of surgical site infections. To reduce the risk of such infections, ultraclean-zoned ventilation systems have been widely applied, as a complement to the ventilation of the main operating theatre. The function of ventilation in an operating theatre is usually determined without considering the influence of the staff members' posture and movements. The question of whether the surgeon's posture during an on-going operation will influence particle distribution within the surgical area has not yet been explored in depth or well documented. In the present study we analysed data from investigation of two positions (bending and straightened up), which represent the most common surgeon and staff-member postures. The investigation was performed by applying the computational fluid dynamics methodology to solve the governing equations for airflow and airborne particle dispersion. Ultraclean-zoned ventilation systems were examined as an addition to the conventional operating theatre. We examined three distinct source strengths (mean value of pathogens emitted from one person per second) due to the variety of staff clothing systems. In the upright posture, the screen units reduced the mean air counts of bacteria and the mean counts of sedimenting bacteria to a standard level for infection-prone surgeries in the surgical area. However, the performance of this system could be reduced drastically by improper Work experience. Surgical garments with a high protective capacity result in lower source strength and thus reduces the particle concentration within the surgical area. These results are useful for developing best practices to prevent or at least reduce the infection rate during a surgical intervention.
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| 23. |
- Shi, Bingbing, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of portable air cleaners against tobacco smoke in multizone residential environments
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the CLIMA 2010 Conference: 10th REHVA World Congress 'Sustainable Energy use in Buildings', 8 pages.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate how the effectiveness of portable air cleaners(ACs) against tobacco smoke is influenced by the clean air delivery rate (CADR), the locationof the AC in relation to the pollution source and the apartment structure. The study was basedon field experiments and simulations with the CONTAM software. The AC effectiveness wasabout 80% for one AC, and 93% for two ACs in the studied apartment (volume=110m3).Ultrafine particles (UFP) exposure in a room without tobacco smoking (clean room) could bemuch less than in the source room if these rooms were not directly connected with each other(but indirectly connected via doors open to other rooms). Operating the AC in one of therooms without cigarette smoking could develop a partly isolated clean environment.However, this led to a rather low cleaning effectiveness for the concentration of ultrafineparticles in the apartment as a whole. If operating the AC in the room where cigarettes arebeing smoked, the UFP exposure in the whole apartment can be further reduced.
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