| 1. |
- Gonzalez, CA, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 107:4, s. 629-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking has recently been recognised as causally associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, evidence on the effect by sex, duration and intensity of smoking, anatomic subsite and cessation of smoking is limited. Our objective was to assess the relation between tobacco use and GC incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We studied data from 521,468 individuals recruited from 10 European countries taking part in the EPIC study. Participants completed lifestyle questionnaires that included questions on lifetime consumption of tobacco and diet in 1991-1998. Participants were followed until September 2002, and during that period 305 cases of stomach cancer were identified. After exclusions, 274 were eligible for the analysis, using the Cox proportional hazard model. After adjustment for educational level, consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and preserved meat, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI), there was a significant association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: the hazard ratio (HR) for ever smokers was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.94). The HR of current cigarette smoking was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.06-2.83) in males and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.12-3.12) in females. Hazard ratios increased with intensity and duration of cigarette smoked. A significant decrease of risk was observed after 10 years of quitting smoking. A preliminary analysis of 121 cases with identified anatomic site showed that current cigarette smokers had a higher HR of GC in the cardia (HR = 4.10) than in the distal part of the stomach (HR = 1.94). In this cohort, 17.6 % (95% CI = 10.5-29.5 %) of GC cases may be attributable to smoking. Findings from this large study support the causal relation between smoking and gastric cancer in this European population. Stomach cancer should be added to the burden of diseases caused by smoking. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Vikerfors, A, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of microparticles in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0962 .- 0961-2033. ; 21:7, s. 802-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study circulating platelet, monocyte and endothelial microparticles (PMPs, MMPs and EMPs) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in comparison with healthy controls. Material and method: Fifty-two patients with APS and 52 healthy controls were investigated. MPs were measured on a flow cytometer (Beckman Gallios) and defined as particles sized < 1.0 µm, negative to phalloidin, positive to lactadherin and positive to either CD42a (PMPs), CD144 (EMPs) or CD14 (MMPs). Exposure of CD142 (TF) was measured on CD144 positive MPs. Results: Total number of MPs (i.e. lactadherin positive particles) was higher in APS patients versus controls ( p < 0.001). An increased number of EMPs ( p < 0.001), increased TF-positive EMPs ( p < 0.001) and increased MMPs ( p < 0.001) were also observed. PMP numbers did not differ between the groups. None of the MP types differed in numbers between obstetric and thrombotic APS patients. Conclusion: We observed a high number of EMPs expressing TF in APS patients. The numbers of MMPs and total EMPs were also higher as compared with healthy controls but in contrast to previous reports, the number of PMPs did not differ between groups.
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| 5. |
- Agren, A, et al.
(författare)
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In response
- 2014
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and analgesia. - 1526-7598. ; 119:6, s. 1453-1453
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Almskog, LM, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective register study comparing fibrinogen treated trauma patients with an injury severity score matched control group
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 28:1, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFibrinogen concentrate (FC) is frequently used to treat bleeding trauma patients, although the clinical effects are not well known. In this study we describe demographic and clinical outcome data in a cohort of trauma patients receiving FC, compared to a matched control group, who did not receive FC.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study included adult trauma patients admitted to a level 1-trauma center in Sweden between January 2013 and June 2015. The study population consisted of patients to whom FC was administrated within 24 h (n = 138, “Fib+”). Patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 49 and/or deceased within 1 h from arrival were excluded (n = 30). Controls (n = 108) were matched for age, gender and ISS (“Fib-“). Primary outcome was mortality (24 h−/30 days−/1 year-), and secondary outcomes were blood transfusions, thromboembolic events and organ failure.ResultsThe Fib+ group, despite having similar ISS as Fib-, had higher prevalence of penetrating trauma and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), indicating more severe injuries. Patients receiving FC had a higher mortality after 24 h/ 30 days/ 1 year compared to controls (Fib-). However, in a propensity score matched model, the differences in mortality between Fib+ and Fib- were no longer significant. Blood transfusions were more common in the Fib+ group, but no difference was observed in thromboembolic events or organ failure. In both groups, low as well as high P-fibrinogen levels at arrival were associated with increased mortality, with the lowest mortality observed at P-fibrinogen values of 2–3 g/l.ConclusionsDespite equal ISS, patients receiving FC had a higher mortality compared to the control group, presumably associated to the fact that these patients were bleeding and physiologically deranged on arrival. When applying a propensity score matching approach, the difference in mortality between the groups was no longer significant. No differences were observed between the groups regarding thromboembolic events or organ failure, despite higher transfusion volumes in patients receiving FC.
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| 9. |
- Mavroidis, P., et al.
(författare)
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Dose-Response Relations for Anal Sphincter Regarding Fecal Leakage and Blood or Phlegm in Stools after Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Radiobiological Study of 65 Consecutive Patients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Strahlenther Onkol. - 0179-7158. ; 181:5, s. 293-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: : The estimation of the parameters that describe the dose-response relations of anal sphincter regarding the clinical endpoints of fecal leakage and blood or phlegm in stools is important in the optimization of prostate cancer radiotherapy. Also, the validity of the relative seriality model for this clinical case needs to be examined by associating the clinical follow-up results with the predicted complication rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: : In this study, 65 patients who received radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate adenocarcinoma are analyzed. The clinical treatment outcome and the three-dimensional dose distribution delivered to anal sphincter were available for each patient. A questionnaire was used for assessing the clinical bowel and urinary symptoms. A maximum likelihood fitting was performed to calculate the best estimates of the parameters used by the relative seriality model. The clinical utilization of the calculated parameters in predicting anal sphincter complication probabilities was illustrated by applying the best estimate of the parameters to a subset of the patient population. RESULTS: : The estimated values of the parameters for the two clinical endpoints are D (50) = 70.2 Gy, gamma = 1.22, s = 0.35 for fecal leakage and D (50) = 74.0 Gy, gamma = 0.75, s approximately 0 for blood or phlegm in stools. The standard deviations of the parameters were also calculated together with the confidence intervals of the dose-response curves. The analysis proved that the treatment outcome pattern of the patient material can suitably be reproduced by the relative seriality model (probability of finding a worse fit = 60.2%, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.72 and 0.69 and chi(2)-test = 0.97 and 0.86, respectively). CONCLUSION: : Fecal leakage is characterized by a medium relative seriality whereas blood or phlegm in stools was found to have strong volume dependence (low relative seriality). Diminishing the biologically effective uniform dose to anal sphincter < 40-45 Gy may significantly reduce the risk of fecal leakage or blood or phlegm in stools for patients irradiated for prostate cancer.
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| 16. |
- Almskog, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Rotational thromboelastometry results are associated with care level in COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-742X .- 0929-5305. ; 51:2, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High prevalence of thrombotic events in severely ill COVID-19 patients have been reported. Pulmonary embolism as well as microembolization of vital organs may in these individuals be direct causes of death. The identification of patients at high risk of developing thrombosis may lead to targeted, more effective prophylactic treatment. The primary aim of this study was to test whether rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) at admission indicates hypercoagulopathy and predicts the disease severity, assessed as care level, in COVID-19 patients. The study was designed as a prospective, observational study where COVID-19 patients over 18 years admitted to hospital were eligible for inclusion. Patients were divided into two groups depending on care level: (1) regular wards or (2) wards with specialized ventilation support. Conventional coagulation tests, blood type and ROTEM were taken at admission. 60 patients were included; age 61 (median), 67% men, many with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, diabetes). The ROTEM variables Maximum Clot Firmness (EXTEM-/FIBTEM-MCF) were higher in COVID-19 patients compared with in healthy controls (p < 0.001) and higher in severely ill patients compared with in patients at regular wards (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that hypercoagulopathy is present early in patients with mild to moderate disease, and more pronounced in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Non-O blood types were not overrepresented in COVID-19 positive patients. ROTEM variables showed hypercoagulopathy at admission and this pattern was more pronounced in patients with increased disease severity. If this feature is to be used to predict the risk of thromboembolic complications further studies are warranted.
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| 20. |
- Dumitrescu, G, et al.
(författare)
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Fibrinogen and albumin synthesis rates in major upper abdominal surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:10, s. e0276775-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma fibrinogen and albumin concentrations initially decrease after abdominal surgery. On postoperative days 3–5 fibrinogen concentration returns to the preoperative level or even higher, while albumin stays low. It is not known if these altered plasma concentrations reflect changes in synthesis rate, utilization, or both. In particular a low albumin plasma concentration has often been attributed to a low synthesis rate, which is not always the case. The objective of this study was to determine fibrinogen and albumin quantitative synthesis rates in patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery with and without intact liver size. Patients undergoing liver or pancreatic resection (n = 9+6) were studied preoperatively, on postoperative days 1 and 3–5. De novo synthesis of fibrinogen and albumin was determined; in addition, several biomarkers indicative of fibrinogen utilization were monitored. After hemihepatectomy, fibrinogen synthesis was 2-3-fold higher on postoperative day 1 than preoperatively. On postoperative days 3–5 the synthesis level was still higher than preoperatively. Following major liver resections albumin synthesis was not altered postoperatively compared to preoperative values. After pancreatic resection, on postoperative day 1 fibrinogen synthesis was 5-6-fold higher than preoperatively and albumin synthesis 1.5-fold higher. On postoperative days 3–5, synthesis levels returned to preoperative levels. Despite decreases in plasma concentrations, de novo synthesis of fibrinogen was markedly stimulated on postoperative day 1 after both hemihepatectomies and pancreatectomies, while de novo albumin synthesis remained grossly unchanged. The less pronounced changes seen following hepatectomies were possibly related to the loss of liver tissue.
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| 26. |
- Engelmark, O., et al.
(författare)
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Ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic tree species : the case of lodgepole pine in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 141:02-jan, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North American tree Pinus contorta var, latifolia was experimentally introduced in Sweden already in the 1920s, and has been used in Swedish forestry on a large scale since the 1970s. These plantations now cover 565,000 ha, mainly in the northern area. In this paper we summarize and discuss existing ecological knowledge of this species introduction. With regard to longterm sustainability we suggest management means to minimize harmful effects of the introduction on ecosystems. These include aspects of self dispersal, pests, ecosystem and landscape structures, and also ecological processes and biodiversity. We also focus on observed and possible interactions in the ecosystems. As Pinus contorta seeds are disseminated and trees regenerated outside initial plantations, this may have future bearings on biodiversity. We suggest a strategy which takes account of the uncertainty in predicting future ecological effects. The strategy includes areal restrictions and zones without Pinus contorta, but also to set up a monitoring program. Observations of adverse effects from the plantations would then give the possibility to adjust P. contorta management.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Fugelstad, A, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term mortality and causes of death among hospitalized Swedish drug users
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 42:4, s. 364-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study long-term mortality and causes of death in a cohort of drug users in relation to main type of drug use and HIV-status. Methods: A total of 1640 hospitalized drug users in Stockholm was followed up from 1985 to the end of 2007. The mortality was compared with the general Swedish population and hazard ratios (HR) for the main risk indicators were calculated. The causes of death were studied, using information from death certificates. Results: 630 persons died during the observation period. The Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR) was 16.1 (males 13.8, females 18.5). The crude mortality rate was 2.0 % (males 2.2% and females 1.5%). The mortality rate was higher in heroin users than among amphetamine users, HR 1.96, controlled for age and other risk factors. The mortality rate among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was high (4.9 %), HR 2.64, compared with HIV-negative individuals. Most of the deaths were from other causes than acquired immune deficiency syndrome. One-third of deaths (227) were caused by heroin intoxication. The number of deaths from HIV-related causes decreased after 1996, when highly active anti-retroviral therapy was introduced. In all, there were 92 HIV-related deaths. Deaths from natural causes increased during the observation period. The SMR was highest for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. The results indicate a correlation between amphetamine use and death from cerebral haemorrhage. A high proportion of natural deaths were alcohol-related. Conclusions: The death rate among illicit drug users was persistently high. Alcohol consumption was a contributing factor to premature death.
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| 33. |
- Hyvonen, R., et al.
(författare)
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The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
- 2007
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 173:3, s. 463-480
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Sundin, S, et al.
(författare)
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Auger decay of core-excited higher Rydberg states of carbon monoxide
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0953-4075. ; 30:19, s. 4267-4278
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The de-excitation of higher core-excited C 1s(-1)np Rydberg states of carbon monoxide has been studied. It is found that already with a main quantum number of 4 or higher, Rydberg states of p-symmetry can be successfully treated within the single-particle
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| 41. |
- Sundin, S, et al.
(författare)
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Collapse of vibrational structure in the Auger resonant Raman spectrum of CO by frequency detuning
- 1997
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 79:8, s. 1451-1454
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Observations made in the C1s-->pi* Auger resonant Raman spectra of carbon monoxide demonstrate that the vibrational structure in such spectra is strongly frequency dependent. In the limit of narrow bandpass photon excitation, the vibrational excitations o
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| 48. |
- Triguero, L, et al.
(författare)
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Direct experimental measurement of donation/back-donation in unsaturated hydrocarbon bonding to metals
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0002-7863. ; 122:49, s. 12310-12316 Language: English
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using resonant and off-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy, in combination with ground-state density functional calculations, we examine the electronic structure of chemisarbed ethylene and benzene on thr Cu(110) surface to investigate the suitability of
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