| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Nordic model of gender and military work? Labour demand, gender equality and women’s integration in the armed forces of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 72:1, s. 49-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article traces the political process towards full formal integration of women in the military professions in Scandinavia and Finland, investigating the shifting roles played by military labour demands and politics of gender equality. It provides the first comparative overview of these developments in the Nordic region. The analysis demonstrates the importance of historical continuity in women’s military participation. Due to military labour demands, women were throughout the post-war decades recruited into a range of auxiliary, voluntary and hybrid capacities in the Scandinavian armed forces. The reforms opening the military professions to women in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the 1970s were the outcome of a double crisis, as military needs for the regulation of these women’s organisational status coincided with new political demands for gender equality in the labour market. Corresponding reforms in Finland were delayed by the country’s lack of continuity in women’s military participation as well as its sufficient supply of male military personnel. A common Nordic model of gender and military work nonetheless emerged in the 1990s, marked by equal rights to military participation for women on a voluntary basis, combined with mandatory military conscription for men.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders
(författare)
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Changing views on gender and security : Finland's belated opening of military service to women in the 1990s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 47:2, s. 248-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the historical shift in societal understandings of gender and security in Finland that led to the introduction of women's voluntary military service and the opening of the military professions to women in 1995. With a focus on how the gendered division of defence and military labour was conceptualized at various stages, the study analyses what caused Finland to lag behind its Scandinavian neighbours in this respect, and what caused a sweeping reform process to come about in the early 1990s. Drawing on press materials, parliamentary records and policymaking documents, it traces public debates and policymaking over two decades. It shows that women's defence work was a controversial issue, for both historical and political reasons. This caused an emphasis being placed on women's non-military tasks within a broad understanding of societal security during the 1980s. Around the end of the Cold War, a surge of neo-patriotism coincided with the normalization of formal gender equality to effect a significant shift in notions of female citizenship towards military participation. Positive Scandinavian examples of women's military integration were decisive at this point, as was the political impact of Finland acquiring its first female minister of defence.
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| 5. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources - POPA CTDA : Policy pathways to promote the development and adoption of cleaner technologies
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Executive summary Introduction In the strive towards a sustainable society, environmental technologies will play an increasingly important role. This has been acknowledged by the European Commission, and through the launching of the rather ambitious Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP) the Commission has committed to the wide-spread of clean technologies in all the sectors of society. This programme encourage a numerous of actions designed to “remove barriers for the development and diffusion of environmental technologies”, to “ensure that the EU will take a leading role in developing and applying such technologies”, and to “mobilise all stakeholders in support of these objectives” (EU, 2004a). As a measure within the framework of ETAP, this project is designed to identify policy pathways to the promotion and development of clean technology development (POPA-CTDA) in the sectors of industry, transport, agriculture and energy. This case study deals with renewable energy technologies (RET) (bio-fuelled combined heat and power, wind power and solar power). Currently driven by all three pillars of sustainability in addition to the ‘traditional’ environmental one, RETs are increasingly looked upon as commercially competitive alternative to fossil based energy technologies. Use of renewable energy is growing on the global market - not only in niche applications as e.g. remote installations but on the broader energy/electricity markets as well. The share of renewable energy in the global primary energy supply (TPES) is about 11.3%, which of the vast majority is combustible bio resources (about 10.8%) and about 0.5% being wind, solar and geothermal (IEA, 2005). On the European energy market, RETs accounts for approximately 5% of TPES. This can be compared with the 12% penetration target by 2010 stated by the Commission in 1997. Methodological approach Starting point for the design of an integrated policy strategy supporting the development and adoption of RETs are the barriers and drivers responsible for the corresponding engagement of relevant actors in this field. Both barriers and drivers have been identified in a previous study, Work Package 2 (WP2), by the means of a behavioural approach developed by Montalvo (2001; 2002) on the basis of a survey conducted with actual and potential developers, manufacturers, operators and end-users of RETs from Austria, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Sweden and Hungary. In the survey actors in the energy UGOT POPA-CTDA: Work package 3 5 sector where asked about their opinions concerning development and adoption of RETs. Various aspects of their attitudes where addressed such as economic and environmental risk perception, relevant pressure arising from the social environment, the market and regulatory bodies and of their own technical and managing capabilities. The full analysis of the questionnaire is presented in the WP2 report. In the present study, Work Package 3, plausible policy instruments are identified to address those barriers found in WP2 and to encourage the diffusion of RETs. The insights presented in this report are based on literature study, interviews and the questionnaire study conducted in WP2. Main insights Economy Costs of producing electricity from RETs have been greatly reduced during latest decades but are generally still above the ones of fossil fuels; in particular PV technology that is, roughly, 10 times as expensive as average generation costs.1 The inability to include environmental damage costs of electricity generation (combustion of fossil fuels, nuclear power plants or even renewable technologies), the vast amount of direct or indirect subsidies, tax concessions etc. all distort competition on the energy market. Hence, some level of economic support is required for RETs to compete on the open market. In the case of both wind and solar power, the German feed-in law has proved very successful in lowering investment risk and encouraging new installations. Market On a local level, the job and economic growth opportunities derived from an establishment of local electricity production is becoming increasingly recognised. RETs compared with fossil based technologies are generally more labour intensive and, coupled with increasing recognition of RETs to fulfil national/local sustainability targets, provides an attractive option for politicians and entrepreneurs to promote local business. This is particularly a driver to establish biomass power and, if locally available, biomass resources via crop or forestry industry. 1 Average spot market price for electricity in the Eu-15 was in 2004 about 30-35 €/MWh, where average generation cost for PV is roughly 500 €/MWh electricity. UGOT POPA-CTDA: Work package 3 6 Technology and infrastructure Several interviewees pointed out performance, power output fluctuations (intermittency), actual power generation costs (factoring in costs of maintenance and service etc.) and lifetime as technological uncertainties and potential barriers to up-take. There is a need for further RD&D (research, development and demonstration) to develop both specific technology characteristic and systemic issues as grid compatibility. The varying power output of renewable generation and its consequences to power distribution is a source for controversy and may pose challenges in grid management. While it was earlier believed that even small fractions of intermittent capacity would cause instability on the power grid, new empirical data from practical examples2 shows that it is foremost a question of grid-management techniques. Institutional and regulative While wind power in general has gained in economic competitiveness, several interviewees mention regulative barriers as, perhaps, the main obstacle to a wide-spread diffusion. Issuing building permits is a complicated and time consuming process, where in Sweden, for example, several authorities at various levels are involved at different stages. A projector has to face the same process twice; first against the planning and building regulation, then the environmental legislation, in order to obtain building permits. Opposing groups may quite easily appeal and, thereby, delaying the process up to several years and risking the economy of a project. Especially small actors with no internal legal resources may face great challenges in the planning phase of a project. The coordination between the involved authorities is regarded as not very well-organised and there most definitely is a large potential to streamline the current processes. Recommendations Policy support on the EU level via communications, directives green/white papers etc. is a significant driver to policy implementation on the national level. It is of most importance to continuing to show this support by stating new targets for RET penetration (post-Kyoto objectives) and ensure compliance with e.g. national Kyoto-bindings. 2 E.g. in western Denmark, over 20% of the total load is covered by wind energy (IEA, 2005). UGOT POPA-CTDA: Work package 3 7 RETs in general • The European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) has yet to prove its positive affects on RET diffusion. The potential is great however, but is to a large deal dependent on the size of the national allocation plans. If the acceptance and compliance of the scheme is not kept strong enough, the potential might very well get lost in a political barging between member states. • The formation of a single European electricity market have the potential of being the “hardware” necessary for implementing EU-wide supporting schemes. Particularly a common market for Tradable Green Certificates could be realised, where actors all over Europe would trade green electricity, ensuring a wide competition among producers and, thereby, keeping over all costs low. • RETs are in the need of continuing R&D support to increase product performance and lower manufacturing costs. Positive side-effects of R&D and demonstration programmes may be gained from actors forming networks and alliances for knowledge transfers and partnership. This is a necessity to counter powerful coalitions promoting fossil based technologies that for decades have influenced the institutional framework in favour of coal, oil and natural gas. • To minimise risk perception of investment, clear and long-term policy guidelines is needed to support RETs. Almost all interviewees expressed the short-term design of the current supporting schemes as a major barrier to investments. Some level of security is needed to induce investments, and that is foremost achieved by clearly stated rules and stable support. Biomass • Even though biomass is being close to commercially competitive, it is still in the need of economic support. The CHP technology in it self is well proven and developed; future technology developments will probably focus on the gasification of biomass resources, where there is extensive efficiency gains to be made in the production of electricity. UGOT POPA-CTDA: Work package 3 8 Wind Power • For wind power to be able to compete with old (often governmentally financed) installations, some level of economic support is still needed. Germany and Spain have primarily through the use of feed-in systems emerged as world leaders in the use of wind power in their national electricity systems. • Issuing building permit processes are often time consuming and perceived as unreasonably complicated. To counter this, there are needs to both streamline the permit process by coordinating involved governmental bodies and to pre-allocate land for wind power installations. • The intermittency of wind power generation might prove to have deteriorated affects on power quality in regions with relatively high shares of installations. This is mostly a matter of managing the power production/transfer with dedicated routines and technology, but will require R&D efforts to increase the knowledge of how
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| 6. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders, 1973-
(författare)
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En klassiker som skaver litet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidsskrift. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0018-263X .- 1504-2944. ; 99:3, s. 233-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Gender, war and peace. - Joensuu : University Press of Eastern Finland. - 9789525934601 ; , s. 6-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ahlbäck, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Värnpliktsstrecket - en självklarhet som vändes till sin motsats?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arbetarhistoria. - 0281-7446. ; :170-171, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Completed military service as a condition for suffrage – a matter of course that was reversed?As a condition for male suffrage in Sweden between 1909 and 1922 citizens were required to have completed military service. This article investigates how this restriction on voting rights, introduced more orless unanimously, was abolished equally unanimously and with little debate only 13 years later. Two main reasons are pointed out. Firstly, since women were given suffrage in 1921, this restriction affected men only and was therefore suddenly perceived to be an unjust discrimination against the latter. Secondly, this restriction was closely linked to the particular political situation in Sweden around the turn of the twentieth century. For decades the twin issues of military and suffrage reform had been interlinked and thus blocked each other until they were resolved in 1901 and 1909 respectively. Once they had been resolved, the political connection between them rapidly became redundant, as did the symbolic and practical expression of this connection, namely completed military service as a condition for suffrage.
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| 18. |
- Ahlbäck, Tor
(författare)
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Digitala skrivtavlor - till vad, hur och varför? : En studie om den digitala skrivtavlans betydelse för grundskolans digitalisering utifrån ett lärarperspektiv
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to examine in what aspects the interactive whiteboard (IWB) has contributed to the digitalization of our schools, and how it may have changed the actual teaching in the classroom. This research explores this question from a didactic perspective, as well as from the perspective of the teachers’ reflections. The main research questions are: What do teachers use the IWB for? How do teachers use the IWB? Why do teachers use the IWB? These questions have been analyzed within a didactic framework, which is based on the expanded didactic triangle (Hudson & Meyer 2011) and the logic of events (von Wright 1983). Data was collected by interviews and surveys. The analysis was done abductively, based on a mixed methods approach. The results show that the IWB has the function of a digital hub in whole-class teaching, being mainly used as a computer projector, film projector and digital whiteboard. The main value of the IWB according to the study is that it provides the teacher access to digital information during a class. In their response, teachers express a wish to vary and adapt the teaching to include the IWB, in order to increase student motivation and participation. The study shows major differences with regards to the extent and the ways that the IWB is used in relation to teacher and school, leading to differences in pupils’ learning. Moreover, the complexity of teaching increases with the introduction of the IWB, as it requires the development of the teacher’s knowledge and skills. The study indicates that the use of the IWB implies a shift of the norm in school’s whole-class teaching to become more digital. The results are further discussed through four aspects of education: classroom practice, teachers, the school as an organization and society as a whole. The results imply that in order to develop teachers’ didactic repertoire, teachers need to be given clear assignments as well as opportunities for investigating the possibilities and limitations of digital tools, including developing and describing different methods and their advantages and disadvantages. This is proposed to be an area for further research in general and subject didactics, through action and participatory research.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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Anti-Fascism and Ethnic Minorities : History and Memory in Central and Eastern Europe
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-Fascism and Ethnic Minorities explores how, and to what extent, fascist ultranationalism elicited an anti-fascist response among ethnic minority communities in Eastern and Central Europe.The edited volume analyses how identities related to class, ethnicity, gender and political ideologies were negotiated within and between minorities through confrontations with domestic and international fascism. By developing and expanding the study of Jewish anti-fascism and resistance to other minority responses, the book opens the field of anti-fascism studies for a broader comparative approach. The volume is thematically located in Central and Eastern Europe, cutting right across the continent from Finland in the North to Albania in the Southeast. The case studies in the 14 research chapters are divided into five thematic sections, dealing with the issues of (1) minorities in borderlands and cross-border anti-fascism, (2) minorities navigating the ideological squeeze between communism and fascism, (3) the role of intellectuals in the defence of minority rights, (4) the anti-fascist resistance against fascist and Nazi occupation during World War II, and (5) the conflictual role ascribed to ethnicity in post-war memory politics and com-memorations. The editors describe their intersectional approach to the analysis ofethnicity as a crucial category of analysis with regard to anti-fascist histories andmemories.The book offers scholars and students valuable historical and comparative per-spectives on minority studies, Jewish studies, borderland studies, and memory studies. It will appeal to those with an interest in the history of race and racism, fascism and anti-fascism, and Central and Eastern Europe.
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| 21. |
- Enberg, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Green recovery packages : a boost for environmental and climate work in the Swedish construction and building industry?
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study is to explore whether the green recovery packages issued by the Swedish government are aligned with the work of the construction and building industry to become climate-neutral by 2045. We have interviewed heads of sustainability of some of the largest companies in the industry and surveyed companies that have signed the Roadmap for a fossil-free construction and building industry1. Our results show that market-related challenges constitute the most important challenges to the environmental and climate work of the companies in our study. To better respond to these challenges, they require policies that reward frontrunners, primarily green public procurement, and tougher standards and norms. They also requested investments and policies that support the transition to a circular economy. We conclude that while green public procurement is not among the policies and investments included in the recovery packages, other parts are well aligned with the challenges encountered, requested investments and policies, and on-going work. This is particularly true for the above-mentioned investments related to the transition to a circular economy. Further, the study enables us to conclude that it is important to consider the long-term effects of green recovery packages and their potential for return-on-investment in terms of reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per SEK. Such packages will also have a better effect if they support on-going environmental and climate work, initiate new actions, and are designed with a systems perspective that facilitates joint action between different companies along the entire supply chain.
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The SDG Impact Assessment Tool – a free online tool for self-assessments of impacts on Agenda 2030
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings from International Conference on Sustaianable Development.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the SDG Impact Assessment Tool, an online resource for self- assessments of impacts on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, it presents a brief example of an SDG Impact Assessment and some existing and potential applications of the tool. The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda and the SDGs are a resolution for attaining sustainable development throughout the world, but also represent a framework towards which the sustainability of almost any activity can be evaluated. Although quantitative methods are indeed pivotal for achieving sustainable development, they are often limited to specific scientific fields and cannot encompass all aspects of all SDGs, including normative societal values. A qualitative and reflective approach, however, is not reserved for scientists in specific fields but can be used by anyone. Using such an approach in the tool presented here represent a good starting point for companies or other organizations that want to learn about the SDGs and minimize their negative impacts. The tool employs a self-assessment of impacts on each of the 17 SDGs, in terms of Direct positive, Indirect positive, No impact, Indirect negative, Direct negative or More knowledge needed, and outputs a graphical visualization of the results. The tool also encourages users to formulate a strategy on how to mitigate negative impacts, increase positive impacts and fill potential knowledge gaps, which can be a starting point for a more comprehensive sustainability strategy for companies or other organizations.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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Gender war and peace : Breaking up the Borderlines
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gender historical research today breaks up the borderlines between stereotypical notions of femininity and masculinity in relation to war and peace. It demonstrates the complexities and contradictions of the gendered divisions between home and front, civilian and military spheres, peacetime and wartime. Such perspectives on gender, war and peace have vitalized Nordic history research in the 21st century.In this report of the 28th Congress of Nordic Historians in Joensuu, Finland, gender relations surrounding the organization of military power, warfare, and peace activism in the Nordic countries are discussed and problematized.The chapters span from the Early Modern period to the Cold War. Posing new questions to old subject matters, the authors question previously takenfor- granted understandings of the gender relations informing women’s and men’s activities in relation to war and peace.
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| 25. |
- Gullbransson, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av hur Sverige ska genomföra EU:s miljöhandlingsplan ETAP fram till år 2010
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanfattning Här följer en kort sammanfattning av utredningen. Sammanfattningen följer rapportens kapitelindelning med avsikt att ge en överblick av innehållet. Kapitel 1: Uppdragets utformning Detta kapitel ger en kort presentation av uppdraget, dess genomförande samt en introduktion till rapporten. Kapitel 2: Mer europeisk miljöteknik på marknaden Tillsammans arbetar EU:s medlemsländer med att öka andelen miljöteknik på den europeiska marknaden. Målsättningen är att minska miljöbelastningen men till exempel också att minska beroendet av importerad energi. Ambitionen är att miljötekniklösningar ska levereras av europeiska företag, detta för att inte minska sysselsättningen i Europa och för att samtidigt stärka europeiska företags konkurrenskraft på marknader utanför Europa. För att samordna åtgärder på EU-nivå samt nationell nivå finns en gemensam handlingsplan för miljöteknik. Handlingsplanen för miljöteknik (Environmental Technologies Action Plan, ETAP) godkändes vid Europeiska rådets vårmöte 2004. Istället för bindande regler enades man om gemensamma mål där varje land strävar efter att uppnå målen på lämpligast sätt. Vilka framsteg länder har gjort samt hur strategin ser ut för de närmaste åren inrapporteras med nationella färdplaner. Vid den senaste utvärderingen av de nationella färdplanerna fick Sveriges färdplan omdömet att de svenska åtgärderna har en bra spridning över de områden som utpekats som viktiga för miljöteknik. En generell kommentar från EU-kommissionen rörande hela den europeiska omställningen var att den inte tagit fart ordentligt. Miljöbelastningen fortsätter att öka och den internationella konkurrensen på miljöteknikmarknaden ökar med risk att europeiska företag hamnar efter. EU-kommissionen uppmanar medlemsländerna att öka andelen åtgärder som stärker efterfrågan av miljöteknik på de nationella marknaderna. Åtgärder som stödjer svenska miljötekniksatsningar involverar en mängd olika myndigheter och aktörer. EU har till exempel olika stödprogram med koppling till företagsutveckling och miljöteknik, vilka fördelas både på nationell och på regional nivå. Det finns kommunala satsningar och det finns privata aktörer som specialiserat sig på att investera i miljöteknikbolag. I den här utredningen avgränsas analysen till att främst beröra svenska centrala myndigheter med utgångspunkten att utreda hur dessa kan samordna sina program med de andra initiativen för att skapa bästa möjliga synergier för miljöteknik. Följande myndigheter erbjöds att vara med i samrådsprocessen: Boverket, Energimyndigheten, Formas, Miljöstyrningsrådet, Naturvårdsverket, Nutek, Sida samt Vinnova. 4 Utredningen görs på uppdrag av näringsdepartementet som ett underlag i regeringskansliets praktiska arbete med att ta fram regleringsbrev och förordningar för myndigheterna. Representanter från närings- och miljödepartemenen deltog i samverkansmötet den 27 augusti. Kapitel 3: Miljöteknik i Sverige, Europa och globalt Detta kapitel presenterar ETAP och dess pågående aktiviteter och resultatet av den senaste utvärderingen. I kapitlet presenteras situationen på den svenska miljöteknikmarknaden samt vad som sker i andra länder, både i och utanför EU. Handlingsplanen för miljöteknik godkändes vid Europeiska rådets vårmöte 2004. Målet med handlingsplanen är att tillvarata alla de möjligheter som miljötekniken erbjuder för att minska belastningen på naturresurserna, förbättra EU-medborgarnas livskvalitet och främja ekonomisk tillväxt. Med tanke på hur viktig denna handlingsplan är anser EU-kommissionen att den ”öppna samordningsmetoden” är det lämpligaste sättet att gå vidare. Denna metod innebär att det inte finns några bindande regler utan det är upp till varje land att finna metoder för att nå de gemensamma målsättningarna. Länderna inrapporterar, ofta årligen, vilka framsteg de har gjort. Istället för möjligheten att ta ett land till EG-domstolen är det framförallt trycket från de andra ländernas förväntningar och oviljan att utpekas som eftersläntrare, som ska leda till en ökad reformtakt. EU-kommissionens senaste utvärdering, som kom under våren 2007, presenterade generellt en försiktigt positiv bild av arbetet, med många nya åtgärder på EU-nivå. Det betonades i utvärderingen att miljösituationen fortfarande är alarmerande och gapet mellan vad som görs och vad som behöver göras är mycket stort. EU-kommissionens analys av de nationella färdplanerna visar att FoU-åtgärder som avser miljöteknik systematiskt genomförs i nästan alla medlemsstater, medan åtgärder för att öka efterfrågan är betydligt ovanligare. EU- kommissionen anser att mer måste göras för att stärka efterfrågan av miljöteknik, även i Sverige, till exempel pekas grön upphandling ut som en viktig åtgärd. Kommissionen föreslår också att fokus skulle kunna läggas på de sektorer där man har bedömt att de största vinsterna skulle kunna göras. De sektorer som lyfts fram är: byggnader, livsmedelssektorn, persontransporter och återvinningssektorn. De gemensamma åtgärderna inom EU rör flera områden: Tillämpad forskning bedrivs inom ramen för Framework Programme for reasearch (FP7) Life+, som i huvudsak ger ekonomiskt stöd till demonstrationsprojekt, Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP), som bland annat syftar till att öka europeiska miljöföretags konkurrenskraft, regionala strukturfonder, vilka delvis stödjer miljöteknik, Landsbygdsprogrammet, som bland annat vänder sig till miljöinriktad näringsverksamhet på landsbygden. 5 De gemensamma programmen har bidragit till att det i dag finns gott om goda nationella exempel på åtgärder som gynnat miljöteknik. Genom att dela med sig av goda exempel inom EU kan arbetet förhoppningsvis påskyndas. Högre takt är nödvändig för att säkerställa konkurrenskraften hos europeiska företag. Utveckling i andra delar av världen går också framåt och många nationer har höga ambitioner vad det gäller den internationella miljöteknikmarknaden. Internationellt är Sverige en liten aktör när det gäller marknad och miljökrav. Regleringar, styrmedel och marknadskrav formuleras i stor utsträckning av EU och av en global marknad samt genom internationellt samarbete. Sverige anses ändå vara en internationellt viktig miljöpolitisk nation. Sverige kan öka sina marknadsandelar genom framsynta statliga insatser, genom lagstiftning/regleringar, stimulanser, styrmedel, upphandlingar med hänsyn till miljöprestanda samt genom stöd till forskning och utveckling. Den totala omsättningen hos de svenska miljöteknikföretagen var år 2005 102 miljarder kronor. Exporten av miljöteknik var 24 miljarder kronor. Värt att notera är att exporten har ökat med 36 procent sedan 2003 men ändå bara står för knappt en fjärdedel av den totala omsättningen hos miljöteknikföretagen. Störst ökning av exporten sedan 2003 har skett inom undergrupperna energi & klimat, 80 procent, och avfall, 50 procent. Statistiken visar att trenden för miljöteknikbranschen är positiv – omsättningen och exporten har ökat. Kapitel 4: Svenska myndigheters ETAP-aktiviteter Detta kapitel redovisar vilka aktiviteter svenska myndigheter genomför. Dessutom presenteras resultatet av de intervjuer som genomfördes som en del av samverkansprocessen. Sverige har inga problem att, formellt sätt, uppfylla ETAP (se tabell nedan). Myndigheterna är generellt sett väl insatta och redovisar ett växande intresse för miljöteknikfrågor och ETAP. I summeringen av antalet aktiviteter syns det tydligt att Sverige, liksom många andra länder har en tonvikt på åtgärder för att förbättra innovationsprocessen och se till att uppfinningar hittar sin väg från laboratorierna till marknaden, det vill säga. Forskning och utveckling (åtgärd 1-2). Samt på medvetandehöjande åtgärder med inriktning på konsumenterna som kan stimulera efterfrågan på sådan teknik genom att främja produkter och tjänster med mindre miljöpåverkan, det vill säga. öka medvetenhet och riktad utbildning (åtgärd 22-23). 6 Tabell: En sammanställning över de ETAP-relaterade aktiviteter som genomförs av svenska myndigheter. För varje ansvarig myndighet har antalet aktiviteter listats utefter respektive ETAPområde. Notera att tabellen även innehåller aktiviteter från myndigheter/organisationer utöver de åtta som har identifierats som berörda myndigheter i denna utredning. Forsning och utveckling (åtgärd 1-2) Testning och standardisering (åtgärd 3) Prestandamål (åtgärd 5- 6) Mobilisering av finansiella instrument (åtgärd 7-15) Marknadsbaserade instrument och statligt stöd (åtgärd 16-18) Upphandling av miljöteknik (åtgärd 19-21) Öka medvetenhet och riktad utbildning (åtgärd 22-23) Agera globalt (åtgärd 24-25) Almi 1 Banverket 1 Boverket 1 Energimyndigheten 1 1 1 1 1 2 Exportrådet 1 Formas 4 1 Jordbruksverket 1 Miljöstyrningsrådet 2 2 Naturvårdsverket 1 1 2 1 NUTEK 2 1 Sida 2 3 Swedfund 1 1 Swentec 1 VINNOVA 10 Vägverket 1 Summa aktiviteter 19 1 0 6 3 3 11 4 Enligt EU-kommissionens rekommendationer bör också Sverige försöka få fram resurser för fler satsningar på åtgärderna 7-18. Intervjuerna med tillfrågade myndigheter var informativa och det framkom också intressanta problemformuleringar. Till exempel efterfrågas informationsspridning av ETAP-aktiviteter inom och utom Sverige, tydligare rollfördelning mellan myndigheter inom miljöteknikområdet, samordning av 7 ETAP-aktiviteter för ett starkare och effektivare miljöteknikstöd. Dessa formuleringar har lett till rekommendationer i följande kapitel. Kapitel 5: Sammanställning, analys och rekommendationer Detta kapitel presenterar analyser av Sveriges situation, rekommendationer för hur Sverige ska genomfö
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Heinemann, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labour
- 2023
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Ingår i: Labor history. - 0023-656X .- 1469-9702. ; 64:3, s. 225-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While in recent decades there have been growing bodies of literature on gender and war, on war and military labor, and on various forms and degrees of labor coercion, rarely have these areas – gender, coercion and war labor – been analyzed together as intersecting and interdependent themes. The special issue on Gender, War and Coerced Labor aims to fill this gap, and this introduction to the issue will not only present the five papers but also establish the three intersecting themes uniting these papers. Together the introduction and the papers contribute toward larger debates about the place of coercion, of degrees of exploitation, and of free/unfree continuums in a variety of gendered war work.
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| 28. |
- Hortlund, Cecilia, 1989-
(författare)
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Svenskar, krigare, söner av Finland : maskulinitet, minoritetsnationalism, nationell identitet och sociala skillnader inom svenskspråkiga skyddskårer i Österbotten och Åboland 1918-1939
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study on the Swedish-speaking Civil Guards in Ostrobothnia and Turunmaa in Finland during the Finnish interwar period (1918-1939). The study focuses on how they created their own Swedish minority nationalist identity in regards to the national project of White (bourgeois) Finland. They did so with the aid of conceptions and ideals of masculinities, nationalism, national identity and social differences. The Swedish-speaking Civil Guards were part of a turbulent time in Finnish history with Finland declaring independence and separating from Russia in 1917. The Finnish Civil Guard was an organisation forged by the Finnish Civil War of 1918 where it acted as the primary armed force on the White (bourgeois) side of the conflict. In 1919 the Civil Guard had about 107 000 members, which was the highest number during their active years, and membership was voluntary. During the 1920’s the total number of members remained relatively steady at about 80 000 members.This study implements an intersectional perspective consisting of four different main categories: masculinities, minority nationalism, national identity and social differences. These categories are then analysed together with theory on nationalist projects as presented by Nira Yuval-Davis. The empirical basis of this study is composed of material such as yearly summaries, minutes, and similar documents from different local civil guards in the two Swedish-speaking civil guard districts of Vaasa and Turunmaa. The study also bases itself on an analysis of two civil guard periodicals: Svenska Skyddskåristen (1919-1927) and Skyddskåristen (1928-1939).This study shows that the Swedish-speaking Civil Guards reproduced their own version of a bourgeois minority nationalist identity where militarised masculine ideals blended together with a focus on their Swedish heritage and blood, the responsibilities to the Finnish nation, and conceptions on social differences where different members of society received different status in their narrative. They romanticised the idea of the Ostrobothnian peasant as the cradle of Swedish heritage in Finland and a symbol of strength, honour and power. In addition, they reproduced a myth of heroic, manly sacrifice for the nation that was meant to urge its members and the Finnish people to act and defend the country.
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| 29. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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The framing of a sustainable development goals assessment in decarbonizing the construction industry – Avoiding “Greenwashing”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to contribute to the establishment of a robust framework for the assessment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in businesses, using the construction industry as an example and with the primary focus on combating climate change (SDG 13). We provide a critical analysis of a selection of relatively widely used SDG impact assessment tools, combined with a case study from the construction industry to explore how a meaningful SDG assessment can be framed with linkages between SDG 13 and other related SDGs. Our analysis points towards the importance of framing SDG assessments in a way that discourages “Greenwashing”. Any SDG assessment that relates to climate targets in line with the Paris Agreement should identify the processes and activities that can be expected to be particularly challenging in terms of their abatement. In our road construction work case, we identify four such hard-to-abate activities: 1) introducing biomass for renewable transportation fuels for use in construction equipment and heavy transport; 2) electrification of transport and industrial processes; 3) substitution as part of transitioning from fossil fuel use; and 4) applying carbon capture and storage technologies in the production of basic materials, such as cement and steel. The approach applied will avoid that businesses only focus on SDGs in situations where they are already performing well or can apply low-cost measures or that they only relate to the part of the supply chain that pertains to their own business (Scope 1 emissions). For an SDG assessment to provide basis for informed decisions regarding real change towards more sustainable and equitable corporate practices it should: (i) identify and include concrete measures to align with the terms of the Paris Agreement; (ii) include relevant value chains; and (iii) consider both the short-term and long-term effects of strategic choices.
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Esbjörn, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Värnpliktsreformer i Norden : Genusperspektiv på medborgaren i vapen
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En av de mer genomgripande reformerna inom ramen för framväxten av det moderna samhället i stora delar av västvärlden var etableringen av ett folkförankrat försvar genom införandet av värnpliktstjänstgöring. Så skedde också i de nordiska länderna, om än vid olika tidpunkter. Värnplikten som personalförsörjningssystem har på inget sätt varit fri från målkonflikter. Exempelvis kom folkförankring och försvarsvilja att ställas mot militär professionalism samtidigt som plikten på sina håll kopplades till politiskt inflytande. I vissa sammanhang sågs värnplikten också som ett sätt för det civila samhället att behålla kontrollen över de väpnade styrkorna.Ett länge förbisett faktum i forskningen om värnplikten har varit dess genusteoretiska implikationer. Under lång tid sågs värnplikt för ett lands manliga befolkning som synonym med en allmän värnplikt. På senare år har detta synsätt emellertid förändrats. Frågan om värnplikt för såväl kvinnor som män har aktualiserats i den politiska debatten, men också spörsmål om hur ”allmän” denna plikt bör vara.Denna session syftar till att problematisera den beskrivna utvecklingen genom ett rundabordssamtal rörande olika aspekter av värnpliktstjänstgöring ur ett genusperspektiv. Inläggen spänner från värnpliktens roll i det tidiga 1900-talets rösträttsdebatt till mer samtidshistoriska studier av kvinnlig värnplikt. Särskild vikt kommer att läggas vid komparation mellan olika nordiska länder, spänningen mellan militär och civil kultur, förändringar i samhällets syn på manligt och kvinnligt samt förändringar i medborgarens förhållande till staten. Sessionen leds av Esbjörn Larsson (Uppsala universitet) och har presentatörer från Norge genom Ulla-Britt Lilleaas (Universitetet i Oslo) och Dag Ellingsen (Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus), Sverige genom Fia Sundevall (Stockholms universitet och Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek) och Fredrik Thisner (Försvarshögskolan) samt Finland genom Anders Ahlbäck (Åbo Akademi).
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Rydberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Biobaserade drivmedel: analys av potential, förutsättningar marknad, styrmedel och risker. möjligheter och risker - projektet BIODRIV. Slutrapport
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet BIODRIV är en studie kring förutsättningar, möjligheter, begränsningar och risker på kort och lång sikt för svensk produktion av biodrivmedel med visst fokus på de produktionsförutsättningar som erbjuds genom svenska raffinaderier. Totalt har sex teknikspår för biodrivmedelsframställning identifierats som på sikt, helt eller delvis, kan ersätta dagens fossilt baserade bränslen inom transportsektorn. De sex teknikspåren är: 1) metan via gasnät, 2) decentraliserad pyrolys/förgasning, 3) olika resursbaser till fett, 4) vätgas, 5) metanol/DME, 6) elektricitet. För varje teknikspår har ett antal viktiga aspekter belysts: a) råvarutillgång, b) produktion, användning och distribution, c) aktörer, marknad och styrmedel, d) klimatvärdering och miljökonsekvenser, e) forskning och utveckling. Inledningsvis har vart och ett av teknikspåren studerats utifrån målbilden att leverera 25 TWh drivenergi år 2030. För flertalet av teknikspåren är detta möjligt med inhemsk råvaruförsörjning. Undantaget är fett och olja som råvarubas, där den inhemska försörjningsbasen är i storleksordningen 3-4 TWh. För övriga teknikspår kan 25 TWh helt eller delvis uppnås genom omvandling av skogsråvara till energibärare för fordonsdrift, via biomassaförgasning eller, i el-fallet, förbränning i elproducerande kraft(värme)verk
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| 36. |
- Samuelsson, Bo, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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From Here to Sustainability – Is the Lisbon/Göteborg agenda delivering?
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Executive Summary The European Councils held in Lisbon (2000) and in Göteborg (2001) gave the Union a new direction by establishing a long term strategy with sustainable development as the overarching objective. Sustainable development means, in this context, goals for economic, social and environmental policy, which are both mutually consistent and capable of delivering enhanced economic growth. To assure progress towards an agreed range of targets, the open method of coordination (OMC) has been adopted as the process for the implementation of the strategy. The strategy for sustainable development is a long-term one and, although the deadline originally set for the Lisbon agenda was 2010, it is clear that sustainable development has a much longer time-horizon and also that there is a global dimension to sustainable development, not just an EU one. In the run up to the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy, this report by the European Panel for Sustainable Development, EPSD, offers an assessment of the EU approach to sustainable development. The report is based on official documents, research reports and background reports prepared by researchers from different disciplines. It concentrates on the EU-15 Member States, because the ten new members that acceded to the EU in May 2004 have not (yet!) been subject to the same commitments in relation to sustainable development. However, in future work by the EPSD, it is anticipated that the coverage will be extended to embrace all 25 Member States. The report starts with a discussion on the political process, followed by an examination of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the strategy, of the potential of new technologies, and of the results delivered by the Member States. The final chapters include discussions on impact assessment and the global dimension of sustainable development. The focus of the report is on: − The integration of the three dimensions of sustai nable development and the policies that affect them into one coherent strategy − The implementation of the strategy through the open method of co-ordination The main messages of the report are that it is vital to: • Maintain the original commitment to sustainable development as the overarching objective of the Lisbon strategy and improve the co-ordination between the three pillars of the strategy: the economic, social and environmental dimensions [...]
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| 37. |
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