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| 3. |
- Edling, C., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow up of workers exposed to solvents
- 1990
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Ingår i: British journal of industrial medicine. - 0007-1072. ; 47:2, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long term occupational exposure to organic solvents may cause adverse effects to the central nervous system. This collaborative study between six Swedish departments of occupational medicine examines the overall prognosis in terms of working capacity, symptoms, and psychometric test performance for individuals occupationally exposed to organic solvents. After re-analyses of the data from an initial clinical investigation of 111 men, the subjects were divided into two subgroups: one group of 65 with symptoms but no impairment on the tests and one group of 46 with toxic encephalopathy (symptoms and test impairment). At least five years after the initial examination the subjects were asked to attend a re-examination that included a structured medical interview and a psychometric investigation. The results indicate that effects on the central nervous system persist even when exposure has ceased. In the group of 46 more men had stopped working and were receiving sickness or early retirement pensions. This group also had reduced activity levels with regard to everyday life, leisure activities, and education or training and more neuropsychiatric symptoms. There was no support for the view that a solvent induced toxic encephalopathy is a progressive disease comparable with presenile dementia such as Alzheimer's disease or Pick's disease. If a worker was removed from exposure when he presented symptoms without signs of impairment in intellectual function recovery was seen in most cases.
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| 6. |
- Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure and subfertility among Swedish midwives
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 0300-5771. ; 25:4, s. 783-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Shift work and nitrous oxide exposure have both been suspected of having adverse influence on the reproductive performance of health workers. Time to pregnancy has been suggested as a sensitive measure of fecundity in occupationally exposed groups. We investigated the effects of shift work and nitrous oxide exposure on the fertility of Swedish midwives. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Swedish Midwives Association who were born 1940 or thereafter, 3985 in all. Eighty-four per cent responded. Detailed information on the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve pregnancy and the working conditions during that period were obtained concerning the most recent, planned pregnancy occurring after 1983. The per cycle probability of becoming pregnant was calculated for each exposure category, and the relation to the unexposed was expressed as fecundability ratios. RESULTS: Midwives who worked two-shift, three-shift rotas, or only nights had reduced fertility compared to those working in the day time. The fecundability ratios were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.94), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60-0.98), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64-1.03), respectively, after adjustment for covariates. No effect of nitrous oxide exposure was noted except in the small group reporting that they assisted at more than 30 deliveries per month when nitrous oxide was used (fecundability ratio = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44-0.95). CONCLUSION: Shift work and frequent, high occupational exposure to nitrous oxide may have a negative influence on the ability of women to become pregnant.
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| 7. |
- Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women. A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Orebro County, Sweden
- 1991
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Ingår i: Am J Epidemiol. - 0002-9262. ; 133:4, s. 338-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Orebro County, Sweden, from October 1980 to June 1983, 678 nonsmokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intrauterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.38) compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. This could not be explained by age, previous spontaneous abortion, educational level, planning of pregnancy, or alcohol use. The effect was confined to first-trimester fetal loss (adjusted RR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.81), while active smoking was associated with intrauterine death after the first trimester. Passive exposure in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) but not with low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both of these outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to fetal development and survival.
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| 8. |
- Ahlborg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of hip fracture in women--secular trends over 30 years.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The number of hip fractures during recent decades has been reported to be increasing, partly because of an increasing proportion of elderly women in the society. However, whether changes in hip fracture annual incidence in women are attributable to secular changes in the prevalence of osteoporosis is unclear. METHODS: Bone mineral density was evaluated by single-photon absorptiometry at the distal radius in 456 women aged 50 years or above and living in the same city. The measurements were obtained by the same densitometer during three separate time periods: 1970-74 (n = 106), 1987-93 (n = 175) and 1998-1999 (n = 178), and the age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis in these three cohorts was calculated. Additionally, all hip fractures sustained in the target population of women aged 50 years or above between 1967 and 2001 were registered, whereupon the crude and the age-adjusted annual incidence of hip fractures were calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis when the three cohorts were compared (P = 1.00). The crude annual incidence (per 10,000 women) of hip fracture in the target population increased by 110% from 40 in 1967 to 84 in 2001. The overall trend in the crude incidence between 1967 and 2001 was increasing (1.58 per 10,000 women per year; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.99), whereas the age-adjusted incidence was stable over the same period (0.22 per 10,000 women per year; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: The increased number of hip fracture in elderly women is more likely to be attributable to demographic changes in the population than to secular increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure, and spontaneous abortion among Swedish midwives
- 1996
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1351-0711. ; 53:6, s. 374-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the relation between irregular work hours, nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. METHODS: All 3985 female members of the Swedish Midwives Association in 1989, born in 1940 or later, received a questionnaire on exposure before and during all of their pregnancies. Questions on work conditions covered occupation, extent of employment, workplace, work schedules, use of anaesthetics, and work load. The association between exposure variables and spontaneous abortion was analysed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Night work and three shift schedules among midwives showed increased odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) 1.63 (0.95-2.81) and 1.49 (0.86-2.59), respectively. The ORs of late spontaneous abortions (after the 12th week of pregnancy) was increased for night work 3.33 (1.13-9.87). Use of N2O (> 50% of the deliveries) was not associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion OR 0.95 (0.62-1.47). Frequent or permanent shortage of staff was related to an increased risk of spontaneous abortions before the 13th week of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that night work and high work load increase the risk of spontaneous abortion.
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| 12. |
- BAGER, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in promotion of altered hepatic foci in rats
- 1995
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Ingår i: Pharmacology & toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0901-9928 .- 1600-0773. ; 77:2, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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The capacity to work puzzle: a qualitative study of physicians' assessments for patients with common mental disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Entitlement to sickness benefits is a legal process requiring health-related reduced work capacity confirmed by a physician via a sickness certificate. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning physicians' clinical practice of work capacity assessments for patients with common mental disorders (CMD). Physicians claim more knowledge and skills in how to actually do the assessments. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' tacit knowledge of performing assessments of capacity to work and the need for sickness absence in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: We performed a qualitative study with open-ended interviews and a short video vignette of a physician and a patient with depression as stimuli. Participating physicians (n = 24) were specialized in general practice, occupational health or psychiatry and experienced in treating patients with depression and anxiety. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was used as the analytical tool. Results: Five categories were identified. Category 1 identified work capacity assessment as doing a jigsaw puzzle without any master model. The physicians both identified and created the pieces of the puzzle, mainly by facilitating strategies to make the patient a better supplier of essential information. The finished puzzle made up a highly individualized comprehensive picture required for adequate assessment. Categories 2-4 identified the particular essential pieces of information the participants used, relating to the patient's disorder, capacity in the work place and contextual everyday life. For the sickness absence assessment, apart from decreased work capacity, the physicians also took particulars of the work place into account; e.g. could the work place handle an employee with reduced capacity. Conclusions: Physicians' tacit knowledge of assessing work capacity and the need for sickness absence for patients with CMD was identified as doing a jigsaw puzzle. The physicians became identifiers and creators of the pieces of the puzzle using a broad palette of essential information. Our findings contribute to the knowledge gap on clinical assessment and can be used as an educational tool. Because they are based on the professions' tacit knowledge, acceptance of the model can be expected to be high.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bodin, L., et al.
(författare)
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The association of shift work and nitrous oxide exposure in pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age
- 1999
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983. ; 10:4, s. 429-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the relation between shift work and occupational nitrous oxide exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy and birth weight and gestational age at delivery among the members of the Swedish Midwives Association. Eighty-four per cent of members who were registered in 1989 responded to a postal questionnaire concerning occupational exposures, including work schedule and the use of nitrous oxide, in relation to each of their pregnancies. We obtained information on births from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We used models with allowance for dependence between births for the same woman and found that night work was associated with preterm birth (<37 weeks) [odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.9, 16.4] and to a lesser extent with low birth weight [OR = 1.9 (95% CL = 0.6, 5.8)]. Three-shift work schedule (day, evening, and night rotation) showed a possible association with preterm birth [OR = 2.3 (95% CL = 0.7, 7.3)]. Exposure to nitrous oxide use was associated with reduced birth weight (-77 gm; 95% CL = -129, -24) and an increase in the odds of infants being small for gestational age (< or = 10th percentile of weight for gestational week) (OR = 1.8; 95% CL = 1.1, 2.8).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- HEMMING, H, et al.
(författare)
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Liver tumour promoting activity of 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl and its interaction with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999. ; 292:3-4, s. 241-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Pasker-de Jong, P. C., et al.
(författare)
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Psychopharmaceuticals and perinatal deaths
- 1992
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 71:6, s. 492-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Schmidt-Lucke, C, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of assisted walking-movement in patients with genetic and acquired neuromuscular disorders with the motorised Innowalk device : an international case study meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 7, s. 7098-7098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with physical disabilities (PD) suffer from consequences due to lack of physical activity and consequently, are at increased risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the ability of a motorised assistive device for dynamic standing with weight-bearing in addition to standard state-of-the-art therapy to improve clinical outcome in a meta-analysis of available studies. A total of 11 studies were identified from different European countries analysing the effect of the dynamic device Innowalk. Raw data of nine studies were pooled including a total of 31 patients observed between 2009 and 2017. Standardised questionnaires and physical outcomes were examined in this exploratory meta-analysis. We recorded patients' characteristics, duration, intensity, and location of usage as well as general clinical outcomes and improvement of passive range of motion (PROM). The analysed population consisted in 90% cases of patients younger than 18 years of age. Patients were severely disabled individuals (aged 8 (6-10) years; 58% male; 67% non-ambulatory, 86% cerebral palsy). A total of 94% used the Innowalk in a home-based or day-care setting. For nearly all individuals (94%), improvements were recorded for: walking or weight-bearing transfer (n = 13), control/strength of the trunk or head (n = 6), joint mobility (n = 14), sleep (n = 4 out of 6/67%), or muscle strength (n = 17), vital functions (n = 16), bowel function (n = 10), attention/orientation (n = 2). PROM of the hip (flexion, abduction, and adduction) significantly (p < 0.001 for multiple comparisons) increased after 1 month (p < 0.05 flexion, adduction) and further after 5 months (p < 0.05 each) in contrast (p < 0.05 each) to a control group with state-of-the-art therapy. Similarly, PROM showed a trend towards improvement in dorsal extension of the ankle (p = 0.07). In summary, this is the first report of a novel device with additional benefit to standard therapy for severe PD. These intriguing results warrant the planned prospective randomised controlled trial to prove the concept and mechanism of action of this device.
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