| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Serum and CSF measles antibody levels increase over time in patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728. ; 247:1-2, s. 70-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, measles virus (MV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titres decline over time. However, we found that serum and CSF MV antibody titres increased with age (slope=0.038, p<0.001 and slope=0.022, p=0.008), respectively, and disease duration (slope=0.031, p=0.002 and slope=0.032, p=0.005), respectively, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The age dependency of serum antibody levels differed between patients and controls (slope=0.038 versus -0.004, p<0.001). The increasing MV antibody litres over time in MS/CIS patients support a general nonspecific stimulation of B cells and plasma cells that is not confined only to the CNS/CSF compartment.
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of live, attenuated measles vaccine and measles infection on measles antibody levels in serum and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8421 .- 0165-5728. ; 235:1-2, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High occurrence of measles, rubella and varicella zoster antibodies has been used as a biomarker for MS (the MRZ test). We analyzed measles antibody titres with respect to measles infection/measles vaccination status in 166 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Fifty blood donors served as controls. Measles vaccination yielded CSF measles antibodies in fewer patients (62%) than measles infection did (87%, p=0.001) and yielded lower measles titres in both serum and CSF (p<0.001). Controls had lower CSF measles titres than patients with measles vaccination alone (p<0.001). Childhood vaccinations probably reduce the sensitivity of the MRZ diagnostic test for MS.
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| 3. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing long-term sustainability of district heating systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings EcoBalance Yokohama Nov 20-23 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biomass has become the main fuel for district heating (DH) systems in Sweden, and the substitution of biomass for oil during the last decades has led to considerably reduced CO2 emissions within the DH systems. Today, biomass is used both in heat- only boilers and, increasingly, in combined heat-and-power plants. District heating contributes also to increased sustainability through the utilization of industrial waste heat, which substitutes for primary energy use.With increasing pressure on constrained biomass resources and due to the geographical distribution of waste-heat sources, the municipal DH systems need to look for new solutions in order to further reduce their dependency on primary energy sources and enhance their sustainability. An integration of local systems into a regional heat system would allow for utilization of an increasing amount of waste heat, to capture scale effects of biomass combined heat and power plants and also to compensate for load profile differences between the local systems. DH systems are in addition being increasingly integrated with the power system and also with biorefineries through the production of bio transport fuels. Thus, the role of DH systems is becoming increasingly complex. This calls for new tools and methods to assess the sustainability of various possible future options and developments.The aim of the study is to assess the long-term sustainability of different DH developments with a focus on possibilities for integration of local DH systems into a regional system. In order to assess the sustainability in a long-term perspective of future DH options, we combine methods such as energy systems modeling and life cycle assessment in a procedural framework called life cycle sustainability assessment. The energy systems model applied is an optimizing bottom-up model. The study concerns the Vastra Gotaland region of Sweden and our model represents all the municipal DH systems at a detailed level. This presentation will mainly focus on the methodological aspects of the work: on how the different methods can be integrated and applied in a sustainability assessment of future district heating.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Review of methodological choices in LCA of biorefinery systems - key issues and recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:5, s. 606-619
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodological issues when performing LCA studies of biorefinery systems. Six key issues were identified: (i) goal definition, (ii) functional unit, (iii) allocation of biorefinery outputs, (iv) allocation of biomass feedstock, (v) land use, and (vi) biogenic carbon and timing of emissions. Many of the standards and guidelines reviewed here provide only general methodological recommendations. Some make more specific methodological recommendations, but these often differ between standards. In this paper we present some clarifications (e.g. examples of research questions and suitable functional units) and methodological recommendations (e.g. on allocation).
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| 6. |
- Alanentalo, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of islet-infiltrate interactions based on optical projection tomography assessments of the intact adult mouse pancreas
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - Bellingham, WA : SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 13:5, s. 054070-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A predicament when assessing the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes (T1D) has been to maintain simultaneous global and regional information on the loss of insulin-cell mass and the progression of insulitis. We present a procedure for high-resolution 3-D analyses of regions of interest (ROIs), defined on the basis of global assessments of the 3-D distribution, size, and shape of molecularly labeled structures within the full volume of the intact mouse pancreas. We apply a refined protocol for optical projection tomography (OPT)-aided whole pancreas imaging in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy of site-directed pancreatic microbiopsies. As such, the methodology provides a useful tool for detailed cellular and molecular assessments of the autoimmune insulitis in T1D. It is anticipated that the same approach could be applied to other areas of research where 3-D molecular distributions of both global and regional character is required.
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| 7. |
- Alanentalo, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Mesoscopic Optical Imaging of the Pancreas : Revisiting Pancreatic Anatomy and Pathophysiology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2392. ; 12
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exocrine-endocrine multipart organization of the pancreas makes it an exceedingly challenging organ to analyze, quantitatively and spatially. Both in rodents and humans, estimates of the pancreatic cellular composition, including beta-cell mass, has been largely relying on the extrapolation of 2D stereological data originating from limited sample volumes. Alternatively, they have been obtained by low resolution non-invasive imaging techniques providing little detail regarding the anatomical organization of the pancreas and its cellular and/or molecular make up. In this mini-review, the state of the art and the future potential of currently existing and emerging high-resolution optical imaging techniques working in the mm-cm range with μm resolution, here referred to as mesoscopic imaging approaches, will be discussed regarding their contribution toward a better understanding of pancreatic anatomy both in normal conditions and in the diabetic setting. In particular, optical projection tomography (OPT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) imaging of the pancreas and their associated tissue processing and computational analysis protocols will be discussed in the light of their current capabilities and future potential to obtain more detailed 3D-spatial, quantitative, and molecular information of the pancreas.
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| 8. |
- Alanentalo, Tomas, 1978-
(författare)
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Optical projection tomography based 3D-spatial and quantitative assessments of the diabetic pancreas
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract comprises a number of digestive organs including the stomach and pancreas. The stomach is involved in the digestion and short term storage of food while the pancreas is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland which provides the body with hormones and enzymes essential for nutritional utilisation. The pancreas consists of three different cell lineages, acinar, ductal and endocrine cells. The endocrine cells, organised in the islets of Langerhans, are scattered throughout the exocrine parenchyma and regulate blood glucose levels by production of hormones such as glucagon and insulin. The Nkx family of homeodomain proteins controls numerous processes during development. Previous studies have identified two members belonging to the Nkx6 subfamily of Nkx proteins, Nkx6.1 and Nkx6.2. We have described the cloning and embryonic expression pattern of Nkx6.3. All three members of the Nkx6 gene family were shown to be expressed in partially overlapping domains during the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Nkx6.2 was also identified as a transient marker for pancreatic exocrine cells. Analysing gene expression patterns and morphological features in tissues and organs is often performed by stereologic sampling which is a labour-intensive two dimensional approach that rely on certain assumptions when calculating e.g. β-cell mass and islet number in the pancreas. By combined improvements in immunohistochemical protocols, computational processing and tomographic scanning, we have developed a methodology based on optical projection tomography (OPT) allowing for 3D visualisation and quantification of specifically labelled objects within intact adult mouse organs. In the pancreas, this technique allows for spatial and quantitative measurements of total islet number and β-cell mass. We have further developed a protocol allowing for high resolution regional analyses based on global OPT assessments of the pancreatic constitution. This methodology is likely to facilitate detailed cellular and molecular analysis of user defined regions of interest in the pancreas, at the same time providing information on the overall disease state of the gland. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) can occur at any age and is characterized by the marked inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β-cells. Information on the key cellular and molecular events underlying the recruitment of lymphocytes, their infiltration of the islets of Langerhans and consequent β-cell destruction is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of T1D. Using the developed methodology we have recorded the spatial and quantitative distribution of islet β-cells and infiltrating lymphocytes in the non obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model for T1D. This study shows that the smaller islets, which are predominantly organised in the periphery of the organ, are the first to disappear during the progression of T1D. The larger islets appear more resistant and our data suggest that a compensatory proliferative process is going on side by side with the autoimmune-induced β-cell destruction. Further, the formation of structures resembling tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in areas apparently unaffected by insulitis suggests that local factors may provide cues for the homing of these lymphocytes back to the pancreas.
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| 9. |
- Alanentalo, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification and 3-D imaging of the insulitis-induced destruction of β-cells in murine type 1 diabetes
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:7, s. 1756-1764
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to refine the information regarding the quantitative and spatial dynamics of infiltrating lymphocytes and remaining beta-cell volume during the progression of type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse model of the disease.Research design and methods: Using an ex vivo technique, optical projection tomography (OPT), we quantified and assessed the 3D spatial development and progression of insulitis and beta-cell destruction in pancreas from diabetes prone NOD and non-diabetes prone congenic NOD.H-2b mice between 3 and 16 weeks of age.Results: Together with results showing the spatial dynamics of the insulitis process we provide data of beta-cell volume distributions down to the level of the individual islets and throughout the pancreas during the development and progression of type 1 diabetes. Our data provide evidence for a compensatory growth potential of the larger insulin(+) islets during the later stages of the disease around the time point for development of clinical diabetes. This is in contrast to smaller islets, which appear less resistant to the autoimmune attack. We also provide new information on the spatial dynamics of the insulitis process itself, including its apparently random distribution at onset, the local variations during its further development, and the formation of structures resembling tertiary lymphoid organs at later phases of insulitis progression.Conclusions: Our data provides a powerful tool for phenotypic analysis of genetic and environmental effects on type 1 diabetes etiology as well as for evaluating the potential effect of therapeutic regimes.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and morphologic subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes in relation to occupational and hobby exposures.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 29:5, s. 378-387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between occupational and hobby exposure and the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) while focusing on differential patterns of clonal chromosome aberrations and morphologic subgroups. METHODS: A case-referent study was conducted with 330 MDS patients investigated cytogenetically in 1976-1993 (cases) and matched referents. Telephone interviews with either the person or a next-of-kin were used. The participation rate of the cases and referents was 85% and 60%, respectively. Information was obtained from the next-of-kin more often for the cases (88%) than for the referents (26%). Occupational hygienists assessed the exposure using interview data on worktasks and hobbies. Associations with disease risk were evaluated for 10 exposures with a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The investigated exposures were generally not associated with cytogenetically abnormal MDS. Effect estimates for specific cytogenetic or morphologic subgroups were generally imprecise. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (EMF) was associated with MDS with a normal karyotype [odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-4.0]. The exposure-response association was consistent for intensity but inconclusive for duration. A decreased risk was observed for MDS, irrespective of karyotypic pattern, among farmers and farmhands (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Cytogenetically abnormal MDS was generally not associated with occupational or hobby exposure to known or suspected genotoxic agents. However, exposure prevalences and intensities were low for several agents. An association was suggested between occupational exposure to EMF and MDS with a normal karyotype. Biases due to differential information quality and selective participation cannot be ruled out.
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| 12. |
- Albinsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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A combination of parabolic and grid slope interpolation for 2D tissue displacement estimations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 55:8, s. 1327-1338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parabolic sub-sample interpolation for 2D block-matching motion estimation is computationally efficient. However, it is well known that the parabolic interpolation gives a biased motion estimate for displacements greater than |y.2| samples (y = 0, 1, …). Grid slope sub-sample interpolation is less biased, but it shows large variability for displacements close to y.0. We therefore propose to combine these sub-sample methods into one method (GS15PI) using a threshold to determine when to use which method. The proposed method was evaluated on simulated, phantom, and in vivo ultrasound cine loops and was compared to three sub-sample interpolation methods. On average, GS15PI reduced the absolute sub-sample estimation errors in the simulated and phantom cine loops by 14, 8, and 24% compared to sub-sample interpolation of the image, parabolic sub-sample interpolation, and grid slope sub-sample interpolation, respectively. The limited in vivo evaluation of estimations of the longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery using parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation and GS15PI resulted in coefficient of variation (CV) values of 6.9, 7.5, and 6.8%, respectively. The proposed method is computationally efficient and has low bias and variance. The method is another step toward a fast and reliable method for clinical investigations of longitudinal movement of the arterial wall.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Barbouti, Aikaterini, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and genetic studies of ETV6/ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis treated with imatinib mesylate.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 122:1, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients are genetically characterized by the t(9;22)(q34;q11), generating the BCR/ABL1 fusion gene. However, a few CML patients with rearrangements of 9q34 and 12p13, leading to ETV6/ABL1 chimaeras, have also been reported. Here we describe the clinical and genetic response to imatinib mesylate treatment of an ETV6/ABL1-positive CML patient diagnosed in blast crisis (BC). A chronic phase was achieved after acute myeloid leukaemia induction therapy. Then, treatment with imatinib mesylate (600 mg/d) was initiated and the effect was assessed clinically as well as genetically, including by repeated interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Until d 71 of imatinib mesylate therapy, stable improvements in the clinical and laboratory features were noted, and the frequency of ABL1-rearranged peripheral blood cells decreased from 56% to 11%. At d 92, an additional t(12;13)(p12;q13), with the 12p breakpoint proximal to ETV6, was found. The patient relapsed into BC 126 d after the start of the imatinib mesylate treatment and succumbed to the disease shortly afterwards. No mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of ABL1 of the ETV6/ABL1 fusion were identified in the second BC. However, whereas the ETV6/ABL1 expression was seemingly the same at diagnosis and at second BC, the expression of ETV6 was markedly lower at the second BC. This decreased expression of wild-type ETV6 may have been a contributory factor for the relapse.
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| 15. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 16. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A Method for Arterial Diameter Change Measurements Using Ultrasonic B-Mode Data.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-5629. ; 36:9, s. 1504-1512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arterial diameter change is related to distending blood pressure and is used in estimation of arterial stiffness parameters. A common technique to track the arterial walls is by integration of wall velocities estimated by different methods using cross correlation or tissue Doppler. However, because of the high pulse repetition frequency and the need for separate pulsing sequences, the B-mode image quality is affected. We have previously developed a fast algorithm for direct measurement of lumen diameter using B-mode images. In this study we have improved the technique to be more robust and also implemented measurements of diameter change, maximum differential wall velocity and relative diameter change of the common carotid artery noninvasively in vivo. The influence of the lateral width of the region of interest (ROI; 1 pixel, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm) was evaluated. Using the optimal lateral width (2.5 mm), the systematic and random differences between two consecutive measurements were 21 mum and 105 mum, respectively, for lumen diameter measurement; -7 mum and 39 mum, respectively, for lumen diameter change measurements; -0.2 mm/s and 0.9 mm/s, respectively, for maximum relative wall velocity; and -0.2 % and 0.8 %, respectively, for measurements of the relative diameter change. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.9%, 5.2%, 7.9% and 6.0%, respectively. The study indicates that the reproducibility is sufficient for in vivo studies when the width of the ROI is 1.0 mm or wider. (E-mail: magnus.cinthio@elmat.lth.se).
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| 17. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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An automatic method for measurements of arterial intima-media thickness using ultrasonic B-mode data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acoustical Imaging. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400726185 - 9789400726192 ; 31, s. 115-122
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have previously developed algorithms that use B-mode cineloops for simultaneous measurements of arterial diameter change and longitudinal movement of the arterial wall. In this study the lumen diameter algorithm was extended to also measure arterial intima-media thickness of the far wall. To optimize the algorithm the influence of the lateral width of the region-of-interest (1 pixel, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm) was evaluated. The algorithm estimated intima-media thickness at diastole automatically by measuring the distance between the two positions where the laterally averaged B-mode intensity envelope crosses a threshold value relative to the maximum amplitudes of the intimal and adventitial echoes, respectively. The sub-pixel resolution is achieved by solving the equation of a straight line between the two samples on either side of the threshold value. The measurements were performed on 20 healthy normotensive volunteers (age 25–57 years) on the common carotid artery 2–3 cm proximal to the bifurcation. For the 2.5-mm width, which was considered the best, the intima-media thickness was mean 646 μm (SD 66) for men and 613 μm (SD 68) for women. The systematic difference was −5 μm and the random difference was 31 μm. The CV was 4.9%. The study indicates that the reproducibility is sufficient for in vivo studies when the width of the region-of-interest is 1.0 mm or wider.
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| 18. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an algorithm for arterial lumen diameter measurements by means of ultrasound.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 48, s. 1133-1140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an algorithm for arterial luminal diameter measurement by means of ultrasound and evaluated the algorithm on agar vessel phantoms and in vivo. The algorithm utilises relative threshold detection on the inner slopes of the arterial walls before the resolution is improved by solving the equation of a straight line between the samples around the threshold value. Further, correction distances added to compensate for the underestimation when using the inner slopes were found to be 304 mum for the near wall and 415 mum for the far wall. The measured mean diameters of ten consecutive images of 3-, 6- and 9-mm phantoms were 3,006 mum (SD 4), 5,918 mum (SD 1) and 8,936 mum (SD 2), respectively. The mean differences between the images were 0.19, 0.04 and 0.37 mum, respectively. In vivo, the intra- and inter-observer variabilities were -64 mum (2SD 358) and -57 mum (2SD 366), respectively.
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| 19. |
- Cinthio, M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an ultrasonic echo-tracking method for measurements of arterial wall movements in two dimensions
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. - 0885-3010 .- 1525-8955. ; 52:8, s. 1300-1311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The longitudinal movement of blood vessel walls has so far gained little or no attention, as it has been presumed that these movements are of a negligible magnitude. However, modern high-resolution ultrasound scanners can demonstrate that the inner layers of the arterial wall exhibit considerable movements in the longitudinal direction. This paper evaluates a new, noninvasive, echo-tracking technique, which simultaneously can track both the radial and the longitudinal movements of the arterial wall with high resolution in vivo. Initially, the method is evaluated in vitro using a specially designed ultrasound phantom, which is attached to and moved by an X-Y system, the movement of which was compared with two high-resolution triangulation lasers. The results show an inaccuracy of 2.5% full scale deflection (fsd), reproducibility of 12 µm and a resolution of 5 µm, which should be more than sufficient for in vivo studies. The ability of the method is also demonstrated in a limited in vivo study in which a preselected part of the inner vessel wall of the right common carotid artery of a healthy volunteer is tracked in two dimensions over many cardiac cycles. The results show well reproducible x-y movement loops in which the recorded radial and longitudinal movements both are of the magnitude millimetre. © 2005 IEEE.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal movements and resulting shear strain of the arterial wall
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1539 .- 0363-6135. ; 291:1, s. 394-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been little interest in the longitudinal movement of the arterial wall. It has been assumed that this movement is negligible compared with the diameter change. Using a new high-resolution noninvasive ultrasonic method, we measured longitudinal movements and diameter change of the common carotid artery of 10 healthy humans. During the cardiac cycle, a distinct bidirectional longitudinal movement of the intima-media complex could be observed in all the subjects. An antegrade longitudinal movement, i.e., in the direction of blood flow, in early systole [ 0.39 mm ( SD 0.26)] was followed by a retrograde longitudinal movement, i.e., in the direction opposite blood flow [ -0.52 mm ( SD 0.27)], later in systole and a second antegrade longitudinal movement [ 0.41 mm ( SD 0.33)] in diastole. The corresponding diameter change was 0.65 mm ( SD 0.19). The adventitial region showed the same basic pattern of longitudinal movement; however, the magnitude of the movements was smaller than that of the intimamedia complex, thereby introducing shear strain and, thus, shear stress within the wall [ maximum shear strain between the intima-media complex and the adventitial region was 0.36 rad ( SD 0.26). These phenomena have not previously been described. Measurements were also performed on the abdominal aorta ( n = 3) and brachial ( n = 3) and popliteal ( n = 3) arteries. Our new information seems to be of fundamental importance for further study and evaluation of vascular biology and hemodynamics and, thus, for study of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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New Approaches in Arterial Characterisation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Advanced Biomedical Ultrasound (Invited). ; , s. 3-8
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- —The aim of this paper is to briefly present the historyand the status of the arterial characterization of today as wellas summarize our work on two new approaches in arterialcharacterization – measurements of the longitudinal movementand the minute roughness of the arterial wall.
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| 24. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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New improved and modified method for measurements of arterial wall movements in longitudinal and radial directions
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Medical physics : proceedings of the jointly held congresses ICMP 2005, 14th International Conference of the Medical Physics of the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), the European Federation of Organisations in Medical Physics (EFOMP) and the German Society of Medical Physics (DGMP) [and] BMT 2005, 39th annual congress of the German Society for Biomedical Engineering (DGBMT) ; 14th - 17th September 2005, Nuremberg, Germany. ; 50, s. 869-870
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
New improved method for 2D arterial wall movement measurements
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical & Biomedical Engineering. 13th Nordic Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics. - 9173059102 ; , s. 117-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently reported that the inner layers of the arteries, the intima-media complex, of common carotid artery, move as much in the longitudinal direction as in the radial direction, during the cardiac cycle. In order to study this phenomenon we have developed a high-resolution ultrasonic method that can simultaneously record both the longitudinal and the radial movements of the arterial wall non-invasively in vivo. However, in young individuals with large movements and with thin intima-media complex it happens sometimes that the echoes from the adventitia region interfere. To be able to minimise the size of the region-of-interest in the radial direction, we suggest that the radial movement of the arterial vessel is first measured and that the radial movement is used as a priori information when the longitudinal movement is measured. The mean difference between the two methods is 8 and 2 standard deviation is 24 μm
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| 26. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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New non-invasive method for intima-media thickness and intima-media compression measurements
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. - 1051-0117. - 0780393821 ; 1, s. 389-392
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intim a-media thickness (IMT) is considered as a valuable marker of early atherosclerosis. We suggest a new algorithm for simultaneous measurements of absolute diameter at diastole, distension (diameter change), IMT at diastole and the intima-media compression (IMC) with a new fast, robust, high-resolution, and automatic algorithm utilizing the ultrasonic gray-scale information. The new algorithm is evaluated in a limited in vivo study on the common carotid artery of 5 healthy volunteers. The standard deviation within an investigation was (8 ± 4 μm; range 4-14 μm) during IMC measurements, (8 ± 5 μm; range 4-16 μm) during the measurements of the IMT at diastole, (30 ±36 μm; range 6-92 μm) during the distension measurements and (48 ±49 μm; range 15-134 μm) during the measurements of the lumen diameter at diastole. The evaluation shows that the algorithm is fast and that the reproducibility and resolution are more than sufficient for in vivo studies. © 2005 IEEE.
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| 27. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Non-invasive measurements of longitudinal strain of the arterial wall
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Ultrasonics Symposium, 2007. IEEE, vols 1-6. - 1051-0117. - 9781424413843 ; , s. 570-572
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently shown that there is a previous unknown longitudinal movement present in the arterial wall. The aim is now to investigate whether the longitudinal movement is associated with longitudinal strain of the arterial wall. The objective of this paper was to describe a new non-invasive ultrasonic technique that measures the longitudinal strain of arteries in human in-vivo. Results indicate that a longitudinal strain is present in the common carotid artery.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Anna U., et al.
(författare)
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Near infrared optical projection tomography for assessments of beta-cell mass distribution in diabetes research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; 71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By adapting OPT to include the capability of imaging in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, we here illustrate the possibility to image larger bodies of pancreatic tissue, such as the rat pancreas, and to increase the number of channels (cell types) that may be studied in a single specimen. We further describe the implementation of a number of computational tools that provide: 1/ accurate positioning of a specimen's (in our case the pancreas) centre of mass (COM) at the axis of rotation (AR)2; 2/ improved algorithms for post-alignment tuning which prevents geometric distortions during the tomographic reconstruction2 and 3/ a protocol for intensity equalization to increase signal to noise ratios in OPT-based BCM determinations3. In addition, we describe a sample holder that minimizes the risk for unintentional movements of the specimen during image acquisition. Together, these protocols enable assessments of BCM distribution and other features, to be performed throughout the volume of intact pancreata or other organs (e.g. in studies of islet transplantation), with a resolution down to the level of individual islets of Langerhans.
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| 30. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A fast 2D tissue motion estimator based on the phase of the intensity enables visualization of the propagation of the longitudinal movement in the carotid artery wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781467356855 ; , s. 1761-1764
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast 2D motion estimator has been developed and evaluated. The method does not utilize block-matching or iterative solutions and is thus more computationally efficient and suitable for real-time motion estimation over the entire image. The method has been evaluated on 1) phantom measurements and 2) in vivo on the carotid artery wall of 17 subjects, where measurements of the longitudinal displacement of the intima-media complex were compared to our previously validated method. The mean error of the phantom measurements was 2.0 +/- 3.3% (velocities between 2-15 mm/s; approx. 60 million estimations). In the in vivo measurements the mean difference (validated-proposed) was 18 +/- 44 mu m. Further the method has enabled visualization of the propagation of the longitudinal movement in the carotid artery wall. Several different phases of the longitudinal propagation, which seem to be connected to the multi-phasic pattern of the longitudinal movement, can be seen. All phases of the longitudinal propagation seem to originate from the direction of the heart.
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| 31. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A method for measuring the variation of intima-media thickness during the entire cardiac cycle using B-Mode images
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781457712531 ; , s. 2126-2129
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk, and measurement of intima-media thickness has been extensively used in medical research since the mid-1990s. IMT is conventionally measured by manual tracing, however this method is very time-consuming and suffers from large inter-observer variability. Numerous methods, both semi-automatic and fully-automatic, have been suggested to limit the influence of the observer. However, most methods only report one value per cardiac cycle instead of the variation of IMT over time. We propose a new method that measures the variation of IMT during the entire cardiac cycle. The method tracks spatial variations with compensation for both longitudinal movement and angle variations. This enables detection of positions where an inaccurate measurement of IMT has occurred. These can then be removed from the calculations in order to maximize the accuracy. The method was evaluated in vivo on 20 healthy individuals (mean age 38 years, range 25-57). The overall IMT in diastole (IMTdia) was 717+/-69 mu m and the intima-media compression (IMC) was 66+/-21 mu m which corresponds to a 9.2+/-2.6% maximal compression of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle. The CV was 3.5% for IMTdia and 9.9% for IMC. Extending traditional IMT measurement to include also the variation of IMT during a cardiac cycle may improve the individual risk classification for cardiovascular diseases.
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| 32. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A Method to Measure Shear Strain with High Spatial Resolution in the Arterial Wall Non-Invasively in vivo by Tracking Zero-Crossings of B-Mode Intensity Gradients
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. - 9781457703812 ; , s. 491-494
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that there is a distinct longitudinal movement of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle. This movement is larger in the intima-media region than in the adventitial region which introduces a substantial shear strain within the arterial wall. Our previously developed echo-tracking algorithm measured this shear strain by tracking two separate echoes, one in the intima-media region and one in the adventitia region and thus only a linear distribution was evaluated. The objective of this study was to suggest and evaluate a new improved method which can measure the intramural shear strain with higher spatial resolution and thereby provide more information on this new and rather unknown phenomenon. The mean maximum shear strain was 0.82 radians with a standard deviation of 0.17 radians and a CV-value of 14.2%. The total mean difference in measured longitudinal movement between the new and previous method was 10μm with a standard deviation of 90μm and a CV-value of 12.8%. The spatial distribution of the intramural shear strain seems to be very non-linear with a large amount of shear strain occurring in a small section around the transition between the media and adventitia layers.
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| 33. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A robust and fast method for arterial lumen diameter and intima-media thickness measurements
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781467345613 - 9781467345620 ; , s. 1678-1681
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lumen diameter, distension and intima-media thickness (IMT) in human arteries are important parameters in cardiovascular research. The signal reflected from the arterial wall strongly depends on the ultrasound scanner and settings. The signal also varies with age and health of the subject. A general method insensitive with respect to the subject and the scanner would be of great help. We have developed a novel and robust method for ARTerIal Characterization (ARTIC), suitable for real-time in vivo measurements of diameter, distension and IMT using B-Mode images. The aim of this study was to evaluate ARTIC on different subjects and scanners. ARTIC was evaluated in vivo in different groups of subjects using two scanners, HDI5000 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) and ULA-OP (University of Florence, Italy). First, a comparison was made against a previous method validated on phantoms. Then measurements of young (healthy) and old (healthy and unhealthy) subjects were evaluated for both scanners. Finally, a comparison between scanners was made. The evaluation of different subjects shows a coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.4-2.0% for diameter, 4.3-8.8% for distension and 3.6-6.6% for IMT.
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| 34. |
- Fahlén, Elsa, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Internalisation of external costs in studies of local district-heating based energy systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, Reykjavik, Iceland. ; , s. 233-240
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate how external costs can be internalised in an energy systems study of local district-heating aiming to assess the socio-economic cost-effectiveness of the district heating system’s operation. It shows that current Swedish energy policy instruments lead to a socio-economic suboptimal operation on the marginal production of heat in the studied district heating system of Göteborg.
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| 35. |
- Fakhri, Akram, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
LARGE-SCALE UTILISATION OF EXCESS HEAT - ASSESSMENT THROUGH REGIONAL MODELLING
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The 14th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of excess heat (EH) in district heating (DH) may contribute to increased sustainability through reduced use of primary energy. In Sweden biomass has become an important DH fuel during the last decades. Currently, there is a strong focus not only on use of biomass in heat and power generation but also for the transport sector. Competition for biomass, as a limited source, is thus likely to lead to higher demand and increasing prices of biomass. This study addresses the long-term system effects and connecting costs of three DH systems though a transmission pipeline that enables an increased use of EH from a large chemical cluster. The assessment is carried out with the optimising energy systems model MARKAL_WS, in which DH systems in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden are represented individually. Options for the production of transport biofuel as one potential competitor for biomass use are also included. The results show that the investment in the pipeline is cost-efficient when our energy system optimization takes both the DH systems and the transport sector into account, resulting in reduced total system cost.
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| 36. |
- Hahn, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
3D imaging of human organs with micrometer resolution - applied to the endocrine pancreas
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to quantitatively study specific molecular/cellular features of complete human organs with preserved spatial 3D context would have widespread implications for pre-clinical and clinical medicine. Whereas optical 3D imaging approaches have experienced a formidable revolution, they have remained limited due to current incapacities in obtaining specific labelling within large tissue volumes. We present a simple approach enabling reconstruction of antibody labeled cells within entire human organs with preserved organ context. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by providing volumetric data and 3D distribution of hundreds of thousands of islets of Langerhans within the human pancreas. By assessments of pancreata from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic individuals, we display previously unrecognized features of the human islet mass distribution and pathology. As such, this method may contribute not only in unraveling new information of the pancreatic anatomy/pathophysiology, but it may be translated to essentially any antibody marker or organ system.
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| 37. |
- Hahn, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Mesoscopic 3D imaging of pancreatic cancer and Langerhans islets based on tissue autofluorescence
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 2045-2322. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to assess pancreatic anatomy with microscopic resolution in three dimensions (3D) would significantly add to pathological analyses of disease processes. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a bleak prognosis with over 90% of the patients dying within 5 years after diagnosis. Cure can be achieved by surgical resection, but the efficiency remains drearily low. Here we demonstrate a method that without prior immunohistochemical labelling provides insight into the 3D microenvironment and spread of PDAC and premalignant cysts in intact surgical biopsies. The method is based solely on the autofluorescent properties of the investigated tissues using optical projection tomography and/or light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. It does not interfere with subsequent histopathological analysis and may facilitate identification of tumor-free resection margins within hours. We further demonstrate how the developed approach can be used to assess individual volumes and numbers of the islets of Langerhans in unprecedently large biopsies of human pancreatic tissue, thus providing a new means by which remaining islet mass may be assessed in settings of diabetes. Generally, the method may provide a fast approach to provide new anatomical insight into pancreatic pathophysiology.
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| 38. |
- Hahn, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Topologically selective islet vulnerability and self-sustained downregulation of markers for β-cell maturity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mouse models of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes represent the most widely used preclinical diabetes research systems. We applied state of the art optical imaging schemes, spanning from single islet resolution to the whole organ, providing a first longitudinal, 3D-spatial and quantitative account of β-cell mass (BCM) dynamics and islet longevity in STZ-treated mice. We demonstrate that STZ-induced β-cell destruction predominantly affects large islets in the pancreatic core. Further, we show that hyperglycemic STZ-treated mice still harbor a large pool of remaining β-cells but display pancreas-wide downregulation of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2). Islet gene expression studies confirmed this downregulation and revealed impaired β-cell maturity. Reversing hyperglycemia by islet transplantation partially restored the expression of markers for islet function, but not BCM. Jointly our results indicate that STZ-induced hyperglycemia results from β-cell dysfunction rather than β-cell ablation and that hyperglycemia in itself sustains a negative feedback loop restraining islet function recovery.
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| 39. |
- Jóhannesson, Vilberg, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptive sequential plan-on-plan optimization during prostate-specific antigen response guided radiotherapy of recurrent prostate cancer
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physics and imaging in radiation oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6316. ; 18, s. 5-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Treatment adaptation based on tumour biomarker response during radiotherapy of prostate cancer, could be used for both escalation and de-escalation of radiation doses and volumes. To execute an adaptation involving extension of treatment volumes during radiation can however be restricted by the doses already delivered. The aim of this work was to develop a treatment planning method that addresses this challenge. Material and methods: A volumetric-modulated-arc-therapy (VMAT) planning method with sequential plan-on-plan optimization was developed for a prospective phase II trial including 100 patients on salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer recurrence. A treatment adaptation was performed after five weeks of SRT based on prostate-specific antigen response during this phase of the treatment. This involved extension of treatment volumes for non-responders (n = 64) to include pelvic lymph nodes and boost to 68Gallium-Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen-Positron-Emission-Tomography positive lesions. This method was evolved by introducing an EQD2 (equivalent dose in 2.0 Gy fractions) correction of the base plan for improved dose coverage. Results: All dose-volume criteria for target coverage were met for the non-responders when based on physical dose. An EQD2 correction of the base plan for non-responders, implemented for the final 29 patients, led to a statistically significant improvement in dose coverage as compared to the 35 patients treated without EQD2 correction. Conclusions: This is to our knowledge the only study presented on biomarker-guided sequential VMAT radiotherapy using a plan-on-plan technique in the pelvis. By using a biologically adapted technique an improved target coverage was achieved without compromising doses to organs at risk.
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic polyclonality in hematologic malignancies
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - 1045-2257. ; 24:3, s. 222-229
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was undertaken to ascertain the frequency of cytogenetic polyclonality in various hematologic malignancies and to investigate whether morphologic subgroup, age, gender, or previous genotoxic exposure influences the incidence. Among 2,243 cytogenetically investigated hematologic malignancies, 10 acute myeloid leukemias (AML), 5 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 2 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), 1 acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), 1 atypical Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 1 chronic myeloproliferative disorder (CMD), and 1 chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (CLD) with karyotypically unrelated clones were identified, constituting 2.6% of AML, 1.6% of MDS, 0.8% of ALL, 13% of AUL, 9.1% of Ph- CML, 1.5% of CMD, and 2.8% of CLD with chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast to the cytogenetic features, the X-inactivation pattern was monoclonal in the two informative female patients that could be investigated. Among 17,733 karyotypically aberrant published cases surveyed, significant frequency differences (P < 0.001) were discerned: 1.7% of 6,526 AML, 3.4% of 2,391 MDS, 0.4% of 1,920 Ph+ CML, 2.9% of 856 CMD, 0.9% of 4,226 ALL, and 5.8% of 1,814 CLD displayed unrelated clones. The incidence of cytogenetic polyclonality did not differ significantly among the MDS, CMD, or ALL subgroups, between males and females, between children (< 16 years) and adults, or between B- and T-cell ALL, whereas the frequencies varied among the AML FAB types (P < 0.05), among the different CLD entities (P < 0.001), and between B- and T-cell CLD (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence was higher in therapy-related AML and MDS than in de novo AML and MDS (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively).
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| 41. |
- Kimby, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Two courses of four weekly infusions of rituximab with or without interferon-α2a : final results from a randomized phase III study in symptomatic indolent B-cell lymphomas
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 56:9, s. 2598-2607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with advanced CD20 + indolent lymphoma, requiring therapy, were randomized to rituximab (four weekly infusions of 375 mg/m(2)) or to rituximab combined with 5 weeks of interferon-α2a (IFN-α2a) (3-4.5 MIU daily) as priming. Responding patients were eligible for a second cycle with the same allocated treatment. In total, 156 patients were randomized to rituximab and 157 to rituximab + IFN-α2a. In the intention-to treat (ITT) population, 244 patients (78%) responded to cycle 1. After a second cycle the complete remission/complete remission unconfirmed (CR/CRu) rate was 41% with the combination versus 24% with monotherapy (p = 0.005). The median time to treatment failure (primary endpoint) in ITT patients was 28 vs. 21.5 months, respectively (p = 0.302). After a long median follow-up (61 months), 33% (42% of patients responding to cycle 1) were still failure-free with an overall survival rate of 88% and with no difference between the treatment groups. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01609010.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Kjölhede, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Combined (18) F-fluorocholine and (18) F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for staging of high-risk prostate cancer.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096. ; 110:10, s. 1501-1506
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Type - Diagnosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with choline and fluoride for the detection of metastases in patients with prostate cancer have each been evaluated, with mixed results. Choline PET/CT has been evaluated against pelvic lymphadenectomy, generally with a low sensitivity but a high specificity; however, the study populations have been heterogenous. Fluoride PET/CT has been evaluated against other imaging methods, such as bone scan, single photon emission CT and MRI, and has been shown to have high specificity as well as sensitivity for bone metastases, but there are no studies with biopsy verification. This is the first study that evaluates the clinical use of both choline and fluoride PET/CT on the same patients in a well-defined population of patients with high-risk prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: • To investigate how often positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, with both (18) F-fluorocholine and (18) F-fluoride as markers, add clinically relevant information for patients with prostate cancer who have high-risk tumours and a normal or inconclusive planar bone scan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: • Patients with prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels between 20 and 99 ng/mL and/or Gleason score 8-10 tumours, planned for treatment with curative intent based on routine staging with a negative or inconclusive bone scan, were further investigated with a (18) F-fluorocholine and a (18) F-fluoride PET/CT. • None of the patients received hormonal therapy before the staging procedures were completed. RESULTS: • For 50 of the 90 included patients (56%) one or both PET/CT scans indicated metastases. • (18) F-fluorocholine PET/CT indicated lymph node metastases and/or bone metastases in 35 patients (39%). • (18) F-fluoride PET/CT was suggestive for bone metastases in 37 patients (41%). • In 18 patients (20%) the PET/CT scans indicated widespread metastases, leading to a change in therapy intent from curative to non-curative. • Of the patients with positive scans, 74% had Gleason score 8-10 tumours. Of the patients with Gleason score 8-10 tumours, 64% had positive scans. CONCLUSIONS: • PET/CT scans with (18) F-fluorocholine and (18) F-fluoride commonly detect metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer and a negative or inconclusive bone scan. • For 20% of the patients the results of the PET/CT scans changed the treatment plan.
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| 44. |
- Kneider, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence analysis of human rhinovirus aspirated from the nasopharynx of patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 15:4, s. 437-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundUpper respiratory infections were reported to trigger multiple sclerosis relapses. A relationship between picornavirus infections and MS relapses was recently reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether human rhinovirus is associated with multiple sclerosis relapses and whether any particular strain is predominant.MethodNasopharyngeal fluid was aspirated from 36 multiple sclerosis patients at pre-defined critical time points. Reverse-transcriptase-PCR was performed to detect human rhinovirus-RNA. Positive amplicons were sequenced.ResultsWe found that rhinovirus RNA was present in 17/40 (43%) of specimens obtained at the onset of a URTI in 19 patients, in 1/21 specimens during convalescence after URTI in 14 patients, in 0/6 specimens obtained in 5 patients on average a week after the onset of an "at risk" relapse, occurring within a window in time from one week before to three weeks after an infection, and in 0/17 specimens obtained after the onset of a "not at risk" relapse not associated with any infection in 12 patients. Fifteen specimens from healthy control persons not associated with URTI were negative. The frequency of HRV presence in URTI was similar to that reported for community infections. Eight amplicons from patients represented 5 different HRV strains.ConclusionWe were unable to reproduce previous findings of association between HRV infections and multiple sclerosis relapses. HRV was not present in nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained during "at risk" or "not at risk" relapses. Sequencing of HRV obtained from patients during URTI did not reveal any strain with predominance in multiple sclerosis.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Lehrstrand, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Illuminating the complete ß-cell mass of the human pancreas - signifying a new view on the islets of Langerhans
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic islets of Langerhans play a pivotal role in regulating blood glucose homeostasis, but critical information regarding their mass, distribution and composition is lacking within a whole organ context. Here, we apply a 3D imaging pipeline to generate a complete account of the insulin-producing islets throughout the human pancreas at a microscopic resolution and within a maintained spatial 3D context. These data show that human islets are far more heterogenous than previously accounted for with regards to their size distribution and cellular make up. By deep tissue 3D imaging, this in-depth study demonstrates that 50% of the human insulin-expressing islets are virtually devoid of glucagon-producing α-cells, an observation with significant implications for both experimental and clinical research.
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| 47. |
- Lundin, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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B-cell precursor t(8;14)(q11;q32)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is strongly associated with Down syndrome or with a concomitant Philadelphia chromosome.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0609 .- 0902-4441. ; 82:1, s. 46-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the clinical and cytogenetic features of 44 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) with t(8;14)(q11;q32), including three from our department and 41 ascertained in the literature, focusing on age and gender distribution, peripheral blood values, immunophenotypic data, survival and additional chromosomal changes. Most patients are children or young adults, with a median age of 10 yr for children and 28 for adults. There is a male preponderance, particularly in patients with Down syndrome (DS) or in children with concomitant t(9;22)(q34;q11). The median blood values are hemoglobin 72 g/L, platelets 17 x 10(9)/L and white blood cell count 9 x 10(9)/L, with hyperleukocytosis >50 x 10(9)/L having been reported in only approximately 10%. All reported cases have had a B-cell precursor immunophenotype, typically characterized by CD10+, CD19+, CD20+/-, CD22+, CD24+, CD34+, CD45dim/-, CD66c+/- and CD123+. At the time of reporting, 75% of the patients have been alive. The t(8;14) is the sole acquired change in 30%. The most common additional aberrations are t(9;22)(q34;q11), der(14)t(8;14), +21, +X and +14, the presence of which does not seem to confer a prognostic impact. A substantial proportion of the patients have DS (27%) or t(9;22) (16%). All patients with both t(8;14) and t(9;22) have been children without DS; the frequency of t(9;22) in that cohort is 30%. As t(9;22), or its molecular genetic correlate, may escape detection by conventional banding analysis we would strongly suggest that this aberration is actively looked for in pediatric ALL with t(8;14).
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| 48. |
- Malmstrom, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Gemcitabine and capecitabine in combination for advanced anthracycline and taxane pre-treated breast cancer patients: A phase II study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: ACTA ONCOLOGICA. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 49:1, s. 35-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical value of gemcitabine combined with capecitabine (GC) in heavily pre-treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Material and methods. All patients had failed anthracyclines and taxanes. In 14 patients (41%), more than two metastatic sites were diagnosed with bone (68%) and liver (62%) being the most prominent. Gemcitabine (1 250 mg/m(2), d1+8) and capecitabine (800 mg/m(2) twice daily, d1-14) were administered according to a 3-week schedule. The majority of patients received GC as 3rd or 4th line chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Laboratory tests were done on day 1+8 in cycles. Subjective toxicity was recorded according to the NCI-CTC v. 2.0 criteria. Tumour evaluations were done every 12th week according to the RECIST criteria. The primary objective was to investigate time to progression. Secondary objectives were response rate with special focus on the proportion of patients achieving PR or SD of at least three months, toxicity and survival. Results. A total of 34 patients were enrolled. All subjects are eligible for toxicity, response and time to event analyses. Treatment was given until progressive disease, severe toxicity or until the patient wanted to withdraw. The Kaplan-Meier median time to progression was estimated to 4.3 months and the overall survival time to 13.7 months. Partial response was noted in 12 of 29 evaluable patients (41%). The best outcome amongst remaining patients was stable disease in nine (31%) or tumour progression in eight (28%). A delay of disease progression of more than three months was noted in 53% of the study population. The main side effect was granulocytopenia with 44% and 15% of patients suffering from grade 3 or grade 4 events respectively however, no neutropenic infections were observed. Pre-dominant grade 3 subjective toxicities were: fatigue (21% of patients) and hand-foot syndrome (15% of patients). Discussions. We investigated the value of the GC combination as a treatment for late stage breast cancer patients. Tumour progression was delayed and the treatment was well tolerated. We believe that the GC therapy can achieve meaningful palliation.
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| 49. |
- Mogensen, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Measurement of the Relative Volume Change of the Arterial Wall - First in vivo trial
- 2008
-
Ingår i: 2008 IEEE Ultrasonics symposium, vols 1-4 and appendix. - 1051-0117. ; , s. 856-858
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to show a method that combine non-invasive measurements of the relative diameter change, the radial and the longitudinal strain of the intima-media complex of arterial walls, respectively, to obtain total change in arterial wall volume for a segment of the common carotid artery. The method was evaluated in a limited trial in vivo, comprising five normotensive subjects. Compared to the volume at end-diastole, the average maximum increase in arterial wall volume during each cardiac cycle was 3.2 % (SD 1.8). The aver-age maximum decrease of the arterial wall volume was -5.7 % (SD 3.5). This provides a new way of examining and quantifying the elastic properties of arterial walls.
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| 50. |
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