| 1. |
- Ahlström Arcini, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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En dödboks bidrag till osteologin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tidens landskap : En vänbok till Anders Andrén - En vänbok till Anders Andrén. - 9789188909121 ; , s. 47-48
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Krzewińska, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Related in death? A curious case of a foetus hidden in bishop Peder Winstrup's coffin in Lund, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the famous bishop of Lund, Peder Winstrup, died in 1679 he was laid to rest in a family crypt in Lund Cathedral alongside his wife. Following a restoration of the Cathedral in the late 19th century, Peder Winstrup’s coffin was moved to the crypt, as the family grave was dismantled. In 2012, a decision was made to move his remains to a different location presenting scientists with an opportunity to investigate bishop’s mummified remains. Unexpectedly, hidden underneath Winstrup’s body, a small bundle containing mummified remains of a 5–6-month-old foetus was found. This finding prompted questions regarding the possible relation between both individuals with most hypotheses suggesting no relation and an opportunistic character of the placement of the foetus in bishop’s coffin. Here we test the hypotheses using ancient DNA genomics, including mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data, as tools for kinship analyses. We identified a second-degree kinship relation, which, in combination with genealogical analysis, suggests a grandparent-grandchild relation, as highly probable affiliation.
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| 3. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the road environment on the development of driver sleepiness in young male drivers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 112, s. 127-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Latent driver sleepiness may in some cases be masked by for example social interaction, stress and physical activity. This short-term modulation of sleepiness may also result from environmental factors, such as when driving in stimulating environments. The aim of this study is to compare two road environments and investigate how they affect driver sleepiness. Thirty young male drivers participated in a driving simulator experiment where they drove two scenarios: a rural environment with winding roads and low traffic density, and a suburban road with higher traffic density and a more built-up roadside environment. The driving task was essentially the same in both scenarios, i.e. to stay on the road, without much interaction with other road users. A 2 x 2 design, with the conditions rural versus suburban, and daytime (full sleep) versus night-time (sleep deprived), was used. The results show that there were only minor effects of the road environment on subjective and physiological indicators of sleepiness. In contrast, there was an increase in subjective sleepiness, longer blink durations and increased EEG alpha content, both due to time on task and to night-time driving. The two road environments differed both in terms of the demand on driver action and of visual load, and the results indicate that action demand is the more important of the two factors. The notion that driver fatigue should be countered in a more stimulating visual environment such as in the city is thus more likely due to increased task demand rather than to a richer visual scenery. This should be investigated in further studies.
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| 4. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Fit-for-duty test for estimation of drivers sleepiness level: Eye movements improve the sleep/wake predictor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Elsevier. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 26, s. 20-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver sleepiness contributes to a considerable proportion of road accidents, and a fit-for-duty test able to measure a drivers sleepiness level might improve traffic safety. The aim of this study was to develop a fit-for-duty test based on eye movement measurements and on the sleep/wake predictor model (SWP, which predicts the sleepiness level) and evaluate the ability to predict severe sleepiness during real road driving. Twenty-four drivers participated in an experimental study which took place partly in the laboratory, where the fit-for-duty data were acquired, and partly on the road, where the drivers sleepiness was assessed. A series of four measurements were conducted over a 24-h period during different stages of sleepiness. Two separate analyses were performed; a variance analysis and a feature selection followed by classification analysis. In the first analysis it was found that the SWP and several eye movement features involving anti-saccades, pro-saccades, smooth pursuit, pupillometry and fixation stability varied significantly with different stages of sleep deprivation. In the second analysis, a feature set was determined based on floating forward selection. The correlation coefficient between a linear combination of the acquired features and subjective sleepiness (Karolinska sleepiness scale, KSS) was found to be R = 0.73 and the correct classification rate of drivers who reached high levels of sleepiness (KSS andgt;= 8) in the subsequent driving session was 82.4% (sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 84.2% and AUC = 0.86). Future improvements of a fit-for-duty test should focus on how to account for individual differences and situational/contextual factors in the test, and whether it is possible to maintain high sensitive/specificity with a shorter test that can be used in a real-life environment, e.g. on professional drivers.
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| 5. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of daylight versus darkness on driver sleepiness : A driving simulator study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver sleepiness studies are often carried out with alert drivers during daytime and sleep-deprived drivers during night-time. This design results in a mixture of different factors (e.g. circadian effects, homeostatic effects, light conditions) that may confound the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light conditions on driver sleepiness. Thirty young male drivers (23.6 ± 1.7 years old) participated in a driving simulator experiment where they drove on a rural road. A 2 × 2 design was used with the conditions daylight versus darkness, and daytime (full sleep) versus night-time (sleep deprived). The results show that light condition had an independent effect on the sleepiness variables. The subjective sleepiness measured by Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was higher, lateral position more left-oriented, speed lower, electroencephalogram alpha and theta higher, and blink durations were longer during darkness. The number of line crossings did not change significantly with light condition. The day/night condition had profound effects on most sleepiness indicators while controlling for light condition. The number of line crossings was higher during night driving, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was higher, blink durations were longer and speed was lower. There were no significant interactions, indicating that light conditions have an additive effect on sleepiness. In conclusion, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and blink durations increase primarily with sleep deprivation, but also as an effect of darkness. Line crossings are mainly driven by the need for sleep and the reduced alertness at the circadian nadir. Lane position is, however, more determined by light conditions than by sleepiness.
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| 6. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of driver sleepiness on fixation-related brain potentials
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 29:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of driver sleepiness are often quantified as deteriorated driving performance, increased blink durations and high levels of subjective sleepiness. Driver sleepiness has also been associated with increasing levels of electroencephalogram (EEG) power, especially in the alpha range. The present exploratory study investigated a new measure of driver sleepiness, the EEG fixation-related lambda response. Thirty young male drivers (23.6 +/- 1.7 years old) participated in a driving simulator experiment in which they drove on rural and suburban roads in simulated daylight versus darkness during both the daytime (full sleep) and night-time (sleep deprived). The results show lower lambda responses during night driving and with longer time on task, indicating that sleep deprivation and time on task cause a general decrement in cortical responsiveness to incoming visual stimuli. Levels of subjective sleepiness and line crossings were higher under the same conditions. Furthermore, results of a linear mixed-effects model showed that low lambda responses are associated with high subjective sleepiness and more line crossings. We suggest that the fixation-related lambda response can be used to investigate driving impairment induced by sleep deprivation while driving and that, after further refinement, it may be useful as an objective measure of driver sleepiness.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Den exogama gränsen
- 1997
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Ingår i: Till Gunborg : arkeologiska samtal - arkeologiska samtal. - 1101-3087. - 9163060531 ; 33, s. 325-338
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Från kaos till kosmos
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biologisk antropologi med human osteologi. - 9788702030372 ; , s. 167-169
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Genom livet i den långsamma filen
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arkeologi och naturvetenskap : Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsens Symposium Nr 6 År 2003 - Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsens Symposium Nr 6 År 2003. - 1100-7095. - 9187944146 ; 6, s. 215-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Grave or ossuary? : Osteological finds from a recently excavated passage tomb in Falbygden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Coast to coast - arrival : Results and reflections : proceedings of the final Coast to Coast Conference, 1-5 October 2002 in Falköping, Sweden - Results and reflections : proceedings of the final Coast to Coast Conference, 1-5 October 2002 in Falköping, Sweden. - 1404-1251. - 9197367494 ; 10, s. 233-258
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Grave or ossuary? : Osteological finds from a recently excavated passage tomb in Falbygden, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Stones and Bones : Formal disposal of the dead in Atlantic Europe during the Mesolithic-Neolithic interface 6000-3000 BC: archaeological conference in honour of the Late Professor Michael J. O'Kelly : proceedings of the Stones and Bones Conference in Sligo, Ireland, May 1-5, 2002 - Formal disposal of the dead in Atlantic Europe during the Mesolithic-Neolithic interface 6000-3000 BC: archaeological conference in honour of the Late Professor Michael J. O'Kelly : proceedings of the Stones and Bones Conference in Sligo, Ireland, May 1-5, 2002. - 0143-3067. - 1841715662 ; 1201, s. 253-269
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Hallonflickan
- 1995
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Ingår i: Forntid på Falbygden : en bok till basutställningen - en bok till basutställningen. - 9163036207
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Kvinnan från Österöd - ett tidigmesolitiskt skelett från Bohuslän
- 2009
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Ingår i: In Situ. - 1403-4964. ; 2006-2007, s. 47-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe the find of an early Mesolithic skeleton from Österöd, Bro parish, in central Bohuslän. The skeleton was originally found in 1903 by diggers in a shell bank, but was only recovered in 1933 by Johan Alin. In 2007, 14C analysis of a tooth produced the date 9025±65 BP uncalibrated, making the skeleton one of the oldest known from Scandinavia. Osteological determinations show that the bones are from a woman of old age, at least 60 and probably 84–88 years old. Her stature can be estimated to about 170 cm. Although the bones are fragmented, all body parts are represented, and the body was most likely intact when interred. We interpret the find as a grave, possibly in a sitting position. Interestingly, the δ13C value of -18.0 ‰ indicates only a moderate intake of marine protein, in spite of the location of the site in a highly marine environment.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Life-History Theory, Past Human Populations and Climatic Perturbations
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. - : Wiley. - 1047-482X. ; 21:4, s. 407-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensitivity and elasticity analysis is performed on historical life-tables, that of Swedish females from 1751-1755 and 1966-1970, i.e. during and after the Little Ice Age. Coupled with life-history theory, this approach supplies us with some ideas on how stature can be understood as a proxy for conditions during the intrauterine growth, important if we aspire to calibrate proposed climatic perturbations and their effect on past societies. Matrix population models represent a versatile tool that has been used extensively in conservation biology, ecology, primatology and evolutionary demography. As of yet, applications in bioarchaeology/human osteology have been restricted to population forecasting. The following paper introduces matrix population models and discusses their use in bioarchaeology. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 26. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Mesolithic human skeletal remains from Tågerup, Scania, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Mesolithic on the move : papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000 - papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000. - 1842170899 ; , s. 478-484
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile or stationary? An analysis of strontium and carbon isotopes from Västerbjers, Gotland, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of the Neolithic Pitted Ware Culture (PWC) has been debated in Scandinavian archaeology since the beginning of the 20th century. This material culture post-dates the inception of an agro-pastoral Neolithic economy in the region (TRB) but demonstrate a semi-foraging lifeway. The PWC is considered elusive in the sense that the economy has been interpreted as either based on maritime foraging (isotope analysis), or a mixed-Neolithic economy based on boar (Sus scrofa) (archaeozoology). The mobility of the PWC group on Gotland has not been studied previously. We provide an analysis of strontium data from the site Västerbjers, Gotland, and engage in the question whether this population was mobile (foragers) or stationary (mixed-Neolithic). We also discuss the strontium baseline of the island in the light of new data. The results presented demonstrate a group that was confined to the island and with no strontium data suggesting a supra-regional mobility. We cannot discriminate between a regional mobility pattern on Gotland (mobility between sites) and a local, stationary group (fully sedentary), but we present data that suggest the former. Thus, our conclusion is that the PWC group on Gotland was stationary, the sedentism disclosed being supported by a mixed-Neolithic economy based on boar (Sus scrofa). In fact, the PWC group is depicting less variance with respect to 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the TRB and Late Neolithic groups on the island, being more stationary than the agricultural groups.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Setting her even straighter : Further notes on the osteology and necrodynamics of the Mesolithic burial from Barum, Scania, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Counterpoint : Essays in Archaeology and Heritage Studies in Honour of Professor Kristian Kristiansen - Essays in Archaeology and Heritage Studies in Honour of Professor Kristian Kristiansen. - 0143-3067. - 9781407311265 ; 2508, s. 273-281
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper communicates the results of a reassessment of the original burial position of the Barum burial, Scania, Sweden, dated to c. 8,700 years ago. Based on a thorough analysis of the photographs from Folke Hansen’s excavation, it is concluded that the body was placed in an upright sitting position. The notion that the body was leaning backwards is based on a faulty interpretation of the original plan drawn by Hansen. New anatomical data relevant for the interpretation of the burial position is presented. Further, new osteological data supplement the analysis performed by Gejvall in the 1970s, especially with regard to the sex and age assessment of the skeleton and the so-called parturition scars, which played a significant role with respect to the sexing of the find in 1970. Here, a pathological diagnosis is supplied for this condition, osteitis pubis, a condition that is more commonly linked to physical activity in general. Finally, a detailed analysis of the proposed pathological condition in the lower arm reveals that there is no evidence for osteomyelitis, as has been suggested previously.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Skelettet från Österöd
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vikarvet. - 0349-0351. ; 2019/2020:47, s. 113-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation. An international guide to laws and practice in the excavation and treatment of archaeological human remains. - 9780415588577 ; , s. 441-454
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methodologies and legislative frameworks regarding the archaeological excavation, retrieval, analysis, curation and potential reburial of human skeletal remains differ throughout the world. As work forces have become increasingly mobile and international research collaborations are steadily increasing, the need for a more comprehensive understanding of different national research traditions, methodologies and legislative structures within the academic and commercial sector of physical anthropology has arisen. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation provides comprehensive information on the excavation of archaeological human remains and the law through 62 individual country contributions from Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Australasia.
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| 38. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish paleopathology and its pioneers
- 2012
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Ingår i: The global history of paleopathology : Pioneers and prospects - Pioneers and prospects. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780195389807 ; , s. 549-558
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses the history of paleopathology in Sweden. Paleopathology of skeletal remains in Sweden is considered a subfield of historical osteology, a discipline that combines the study of human and animal bones from archaeological sites, with roots in the works of Nils-Gustaf Gejvall (1911–1991). The chapter describes the development of the field from its beginnings in paleopathological work carried out on a personal interest basis to its establishment as an academic discipline. It identifies three pioneers—Carl Magnus Fürst (1854–1935), Carl-Herman Hjortsjö, and Gejvall—whose contributions are directly linked to the establishment of historical osteology.
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| 39. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The human skeletal remains from the Rössberga passage grave, Valtorp parish, Västergötland
- 1993
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Ingår i: Populations of the Nordic countries : Human population biology from the present to the Mesolithic. Proceedings of the second seminar of Nordic Physical Anthropology, Lund 1990 - Human population biology from the present to the Mesolithic. Proceedings of the second seminar of Nordic Physical Anthropology, Lund 1990. - 0281-3440. - 9197155853 ; 46, s. 189-197
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The Placement of the Feathers : Violence among Sub-Boreal Hunter-Gatherers from Gotland, Central Baltic Sea
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sticks, Stones, and Broken Bones : Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective - Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199573066
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents the results of a study on the occurrence of cranial trauma in a sub-Neolithic maritime hunter-gatherer population on the island of Gotland, in the central Baltic Sea. The material derives from cemeteries of the Pitted Ware Culture, the last hunter-gatherers of southern Scandinavia. A total of 109 adult crania were analysed (fifty-seven males and fifty-two females). Evidence for trauma was found in 14% of the males and 7.7% of the females analysed. However, with the exception of one female cranium, all showed evidence of healing.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Allentoft, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 522:7555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.
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| 44. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Are professional drivers less sleepy than non-professional drivers?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 44:1, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective It is generally believed that professional drivers can manage quite severe fatigue before routine driving performance is affected. In addition, there are results indicating that professional drivers can adapt to prolonged night shifts and may be able to learn to drive without decreased performance under high levels of sleepiness. However, very little research has been conducted to compare professionals and non-professionals when controlling for time driven and time of day.Method The aim of this study was to use a driving simulator to investigate whether professional drivers are more resistant to sleep deprivation than non-professional drivers. Differences in the development of sleepiness (self-reported, physiological and behavioral) during driving was investigated in 11 young professional and 15 non-professional drivers.Results Professional drivers self-reported significantly lower sleepiness while driving a simulator than nonprofessional drivers. In contradiction, they showed longer blink durations and more line crossings, both of which are indicators of sleepiness. They also drove faster. The reason for the discrepancy in the relation between the different sleepiness indicators for the two groups could be due to more experience to sleepiness among the professional drivers or possibly to the faster speed, which might unconsciously have been used by the professionals to try to counteract sleepiness.Conclusion Professional drivers self-reported significantly lower sleepiness while driving a simulator than non-professional drivers. However, they showed longer blink durations and more line crossings, both of which are indicators of sleepiness, and they drove faster.
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| 45. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Rumble strips in centre of the lane and the effect on sleepy drivers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Industrial Health. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 49:5, s. 549-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the effects of sleep loss on behavioural and subjective indicators of sleepiness on a road containing a milled rumble strip in the centre of the lane. Particular attention was paid to behavioural and subjective indicators of sleepiness when using the centre lane rumble strip, and to possible erratic driving behaviour when hitting a rumble strip. In total 9 regular shift workers drove during the morning hours after a full night shift and after a full night sleep. The order was balanced. The experiment was conducted in a moving base driving simulator on rural roads with a road width of 6.5 and 9 meters. Out of the 1,636 rumble strip hits that occurred during the study, no indications of erratic driving behaviour associated with the jolt caused by making contact with the centre lane rumble strip could be found. Comparing the alert condition with the sleep deprived condition, both the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) increased for sleepy drivers. For the two road widths, the drivers drove closer to the centre line on the 6.5-meter road. The KSS and the SDLP increased with time on task. This simulator study indicates that rumble strips in the centre of the lane may be an alternative to centreline and edgeline rumble strips on narrow roads.
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| 46. |
- Arcini, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in Diet and Stature: Are They Linked? Bioarchaeology and Paleodietary Bayesian Mixing Models from Linkoping, Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. - : Wiley. - 1047-482X. ; 24:4, s. 543-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the early 19th century to the late 20th century, the mean stature of Swedish conscripts increased from 167 to 177 cm. Based on osteological data, estimated statures of medieval skeletal populations indicate that mean stature of males had decreased from an average 173 cm during the medieval period, to 165 cm at the mid 19th century. This change with respect to stature could possibly be linked to the change in diet. Based on the skeletal material unearthed from Linkoping, Sweden, we explored the possible association between a changing diet and a decreasing stature. We compared the medieval sample (1100-1300 AD) to a sample dated 1780-1810 AD. A significant multiple regression analysis demonstrates that both sex and chronology explain the variation seen in femur length, but not stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. The Bayesian mixing model with uninformative priors suggests that pike is dominating in both the medieval and historical samples, followed by pig, cattle, cod and herring. Using an informative prior based on the consumption from the 16th century Swedish warship Lindormen did not alter the consumption pattern shown by the inhabitants of Linkoping. As our results do not suggest a major shift in diet, as well as pointing out lacustrine fish as well as pig as more important to the protein in the diet than cattle, it deviates from what is inferred based on historical records. We conclude that the diet in a town cannot be generalized from the consumption of a ship and probably not from institutions either. These contexts have dominated the reconstructions of 19th century diet in Sweden based on historical records. However, there is also the possibility that the two isotopes employed are not sufficiently delicate to detect such dietary changes. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 47. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a tool to study archaeological and modern human mobility through strontium isotope analyses of tooth enamel
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the possibility of obtaining detailed individual mobility data from archaeological teeth, the strontium isotope ratios on 28 human teeth from three separate Early-Mid Holocene, Swedish, foraging contexts (Norje Sunnansund, Skateholm and Västerbjers) were analysed through laser ablation. The teeth/individuals have previously been analysed using traditional bulk sampled thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. To validate the conclusions regarding the archaeological teeth, a tooth from a modern man with a known background was also analysed. The result shows that all of the teeth display less than 0.4% discrepancy between the mean values of the laser ablation profiles and the previously published bulk data and 25 (89%) of the teeth display less than a 0.2% discrepancy. By calculating linear and polynomial trendlines for each ablated tooth, it was possible to illustrate a strong correlation for the transition pattern between the measurements when following a chronological sequence from the tip to the cervix. Such correlations were not reproduced when the data sequence was randomized. The analyses show that the chronologically sequenced ablation data fit with a transition between local bioavailable strontium regions, that the measurements do not fluctuate between extremes and that their values are not caused by end-member mixing. This indicates an increasing data resolution when reducing strontium isotope ratio averaging time by minimizing the sampling area. The results suggest strontium incorporation in human teeth can be measured on an ordinal scale, with a traceable chronological order to enamel mineralization when sampled from tip to cervix at an equal distance from the surface. Micro-sampling enamel is considered a valid method to assess prehistoric, but not modern, human mobility; laser ablation technology increases the amount of information obtained from a single tooth while rendering minimal damage to the studied specimen.
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| 48. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Diachronic forager mobility : untangling the Stone Age movement patterns at the sites Norje Sunnansund, Skateholm and Västerbjers through strontium isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium isotope ratios in human teeth from the three Swedish prehistoric Stone Age hunter-fisher-gathering societies Norje Sunnansund (Maglemose), Skateholm (Ertebølle) and Västerbjers (Pitted Ware Culture) were analysed with laser ablation to produce data on both individual movement patterns and societal mobility trends. The analyses of teeth from both Skateholm and Västerbjers displayed homogeneous ratios and corresponding mobility patterns, while the data from Norje Sunnansund showed larger variances with heterogenous strontium ratios and varied inter-individual mobility patterns. Correlation with the bioavailable baseline suggests that the size of the geographical areas, where human strontium ratios could have originated, was roughly comparable for all three sites. The teeth measurements were reflected within a 50-km radius of the surrounding landscape and the 25–75% data quartile matched with distances between 3 and 30 km from the sites, suggesting limited mobility ranges among aquatically dependent foragers from southernmost Sweden. By applying ethnographic analogies and site-specific contextual inferences, the results suggest that mobility ranges at Norje Sunnansund were likely not delimited by neighbouring group territories. This changed over time and an increasing territorialisation of the landscape may have influenced movement patterns and caused restrictions to the foraging activities at both Skateholm and Västerbjers.
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| 49. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Early Holocene Scandinavian foragers on a journey to affluence: Mesolithic fish exploitation, seasonal abundance and storage investigated through strontium isotope ratios by laser ablation (LA‐MC-ICP‐MS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:1, s. e0245222-e0245222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At Norje Sunnansund, an Early Holocene settlement in southern Sweden, the world’s earliest evidence of fermentation has been interpreted as a method of managing long-term and large-scale food surplus. While an advanced fishery is suggested by the number of recovered fish bones, until now it has not been possible to identify the origin of the fish, or whether and how their seasonal migration was exploited. We analysed strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in 16 cyprinid and 8 pike teeth, which were recovered at the site, both from within the fermentation pit and from different areas outside of it, by using laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our investigation indicates three different regions of origin for the fish at the site. We find that the most commonly fermented fish, cyprinids (roach), were caught in the autumn during their seasonal migration from the Baltic Sea to the sheltered stream and lake next to the site. This is in contrast to the cyprinids from other areas of the site, which were caught when migrating from nearby estuaries and the Baltic Sea coast during late spring. The pikes from the fermentation pit were caught in the autumn as by-catch to the mainly targeted roach while moving from the nearby Baltic Sea coast. Lastly, the pikes from outside the fermentation pit were likely caught as they migrated from nearby waters in sedimentary bedrock areas to the south of the site, to spawn in early spring. Combined, these data suggest an advanced fishery with the ability to combine optimal use of seasonal fish abundance at different times of the year. Our results offer insights into the practice of delayed-return consumption patterns, provide a more complete view of the storage system used, and increase our understanding of Early Holocene sedentism among northern hunter-fisher-gatherers. By applying advanced strontium isotope analyses to archaeological material integrated into an ecological setting, we present a methodology that can be used elsewhere to enhance our understanding of the otherwise elusive indications of storage practices and fish exploitation patterns among ancient foraging societies.
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| 50. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Fish and resilience among Early Holocene foragers of southern Scandinavia : A fusion of stable isotopes and zooarchaeology through Bayesian mixing modelling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403. ; 93, s. 196-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study highlights the importance of different protein sources in the diet of Early and Middle Mesolithic humans in southern Scandinavia, and illustrates variation and change in protein consumption patterns during the Early Holocene. By combining previously published stable isotope data with new analyses of human and animal bone remains, a Bayesian mixing model was used to reveal that fishing was more important than previously anticipated in the foraging economy. Incorporating the zooarchaeological record as a prior to guide the Bayesian model enabled further study of Early Holocene foraging in the region. Although primarily a study of human diet, because the results indicate that aquatic systems were more important than previously acknowledged, it is possible to discuss the implications for understanding Early Holocene subsistence strategies and mobility. Furthermore, by incorporating both zooarchaeological data and human stable isotope analysis, the methodology can advance palaeodietary studies, by generating dietary protein estimations that can be used to investigate subsistence strategies across a diverse set of human societies.
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