| 1. |
- Lind, Thérèse, 1989-
(författare)
-
Financial literacy, motivated reasoning, and gender : essays in behavioral economics
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I wrote this thesis to create a better understanding of how individual characteristics influence our feelings, our behavior and our way of interpreting information. My focus is on financial behavior and financial information, however I also consider a political context. I investigate the (usually) enabling abilities of financial literacy and numeracy. I also consider impediments such as stereotype threat and motivated reasoning, which can prevent people from engaging in certain behaviors or from interpreting information objectively. Both processes stem from valued beliefs and psychological foundations, consequently peoples’ efforts, decisions, and evaluations are based on them.The first essay, “Competence, confidence, and gender: The role of perceived and actual financial literacy in household finance,” broadens our understanding of the benefits of financial competence. I contrast perceived and actual levels of financial literacy, and consider the role of numeracy and cognitive reflective ability. I conclude that perceived and actual levels of financial literacy positively affect behavior and wellbeing; however, perceived financial literacy more so than actual financial literacy. No such effect is observed for numeric ability and cognitive reflection. Furthermore, women are more anxious about financial matters even though they tend to engage more frequently in the considered financial behaviors.The second essay, “Threatening finance? Examining the gender gap in financial literacy,” continues my exploration of the relationship between gender and financial literacy. In a series of studies, I investigate whether the observed gender gap in financial literacy can be identified in nonnumerical contexts, if it can be associated with confidence in financial matters, and if it can be attributed to stereotype threat, which posits that inbuilt prejudices about gender and finance undermine women’s performance of tasks that involve finance. The results show that the observed gender gap in financial literacy is robust even in nonnumerical financial contexts and suggest that a stereotype threat for women in the financial domain might be present. The gender gap in financial literacy could not be attributed to a difference in (displayed) confidence.In the third essay, “Preferences for lump-sum over divided payment structures,” I investigate whether or not people display systematic preferences for lump–sum or divided payment structures and how these preferences differ in gain (benefit) and loss (payment) situations. I investigate what happens when payments belong to a single underlying event, such as when people can choose to pay immediately or in installments. I also examine whether or not individual differences in time preferences, risk preferences, numeracy, and financial literacy are associated with preferences for one payment structure or the other. The aggregate results show a tendency for people to prefer obtaining and paying money in lump sums. I find no systematic indication that the considered individual differences play a role in this type of decision.The fourth essay, “Motivated reasoning when assessing the effect of refugee intake,” inquires into differences in worldview ideology, whether people identify as nationally or globally oriented, hinder them from objectively interpreting information. I use an experiment to find out if people display motivated reasoning when interpreting numerical information about the effects of refugees on the crime rate. Our results show evidence of motivated reasoning along the lines of worldview ideology. However, individuals with higher numeric ability were less likely to engage in motivated reasoning, leading to the conclusion that motivated reasoning is more likely to be driven by feelings and emotional cues than by deliberate analytical processes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Strömbäck, Camilla, 1989-
(författare)
-
Self-Control, Financial Well-Being, and Motivated Reasoning : Essays in Behavioral Finance
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of how individual differences in intuitive and analytic decision making are associated with people’s behavior as well as their well-being. The first three essays investigate, in turn, how self-control—a typical System 2 driven ability—correlates with financial behavior, financial well-being, and affective forecasting ability. The fourth essay leverages an experimental design, in which a randomized treatment attempts to inhibit the use of System 2 processing by individuals by setting them under time pressure, while measuring how they interpret numerical information.The first essay, Does Self-Control Predict Financial Behavior and Financial Well-Being?, describes how variation in self-reported individual differences in self-control, optimism and deliberativeness predicts financial behavior and financial well-being. Data was collected by means of an online survey distributed to a representative, adult Swedish sample. Results indicate that individuals with better self-control were more likely to engage in sound financial behaviors, were less anxious about financial matters, and felt more secure in their current and future financial situation than individuals displaying lower levels of self-control.The second essay, Subjective Self-Control but Not Objective Measures of Executive Functions Predicts Financial Behavior and Well-Being, is a follow-up study of the first essay. Apart from using the same self-reported measures of self-control, optimism, and deliberativeness as essay one does, this analysis additionally includes an extensive test battery of objective performance measures of executive functions and intelligence. Findings suggest that, while self-reported self-control predicts both financial behavior and subjective financial well-being, neither of the executive functions, nor intelligence do so. This indicates that an ability to form good habits and avoid temptation is more important for sound financial behavior and financial well-being than actual inhibitory control.The third essay, Better Self-Control Does Not Imply Fewer Affective Forecasting Errors, explores whether individual-level differences in self-control can explain observed variation in affective forecasting ability. Moreover, it assesses whether participants with strong self-control are more likely to make “optimal choices” in an intertemporal choice task: i.e. choices that maximize their own expected happiness. To test this, the study leveraged a laboratory experiment with a student sample in Linköping and Stockholm. Study results uncover no evidence of self-control predicting affective forecasting ability. Equally, self-control seemingly had no effect on the probability of individuals’ choosing happiness maximizing options.The fourth essay, Motivated Reasoning, Fast and Slow, investigates whether prior beliefs may hinder individuals from interpreting information about immigration and gender quotas correctly: a process commonly referred to as motivated reasoning. In general terms, motivated reasoning can be conceptualized as an intuitive or analytic process. Testing the prevalence of this form of sense-making, we ran an online experiment where half the respondents were tasked to interpret numeric information under time constraints, and the rest without said constraints. Findings provide clear evidence of the existence of motivated reasoning with regards to issues of both immigration and gender quotas. Numeric ability seemingly reduced the probability of individuals to engage in motivated reasoning, while time pressure had no effect on said likelihood. Hence, results suggest that motivated reasoning is an intuitive, rather than an analytic process.
|
|
| 3. |
- Toelstede, Björn
(författare)
-
Social Hierarchies between Democracy and Autocracy
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social hierarchies exist in democracies as well as in authoritarian societies. However, their nature is different. Democratic hierarchies are built bottom-up through election, while autocratic hierarchies are built top-down through coalition formation and domination. Both have power asymmetries between the weaker citizens and the stronger politicians, which are amplified the stronger the hierarchies are. This thesis introduces a model which combines pro-/anti-social behavior with different degrees of hierarchies which I unite in a model called the Structure-Behavior Diagram (Toelstede, 2020/1). This model has the power to categorize countries according to these criteria, and indicates when and how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism.The movements of societies in the political space of the Structure-Behavior Diagram are marked by certain patterns and dynamics. I use the path dependence theory (Toelstede, 2019/2) and examine how so-called path-creating mechanisms can emerge and influence societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. I show that path dependency-induced dynamics can put democracies at risk and are more serious in hierarchical societies than in horizontal societies.Institutional punishment is widely seen as more stable then peer punishment. However, in political reality, institutional punishment – here in the form of policing – can be marked by over- and under-punishment as well as changes in sociality (Toelstede, 2019/1 and 2020/2). These findings show, together with hierarchy-sensitive characteristics of the path dependency, that institutional punishment and social hierarchies require more attention.Lastly, I show that most democratic societies are intuitively aware of the power asymmetries and long principal-agent chains between them and their political agents. Together, these features provide increasing benefits for an anti-social descent of the agents, although some societies are prepared to trade personal freedom for higher socio-economic welfare. They therefore strive for higher socio-economic efficiency by embracing strong governmental forms and high conformity levels. I call this efficient statism (Toelstede, 2019/2). In doing so, societies compliantly put their free and democratic order at risk.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hedström, Axel, 1989-
(författare)
-
Empirical Studies on Economic and Financial Spillovers : Asymmetric Risk and Dependence Modeling
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Financial assets are volatile, and volatility becomes more intense in terms of size and rate of recurrence when markets are uncertain and growing rapidly. The fact that the recurrence rate increased during crisis periods, such as the IT bubble in the early 2000 and the global financial crisis that started in 2007, is a key finding in the literature. Estimating these results requires modeling a time series that can consider volatility clustering. However, the prominent model in finance and economics estimates that the average volatility increases when uncertainty increases. This modeling process needs to consider the asymmetry that financial assets and economic outcomes, such as gross domestic product (GDP) exhibit, which tend to fall drastically in a short period and increase steadily over a long period. To model these different behaviors, one must consider the asymmetric nature of the return, for example, when a stock has extremely low or extremely high returns in a day. To model this behavior, I used several methods in settings that could better explain what happens during market periods when there is higher uncertainty. The general finding is that correlations are higher when returns are in the lower quantiles, called the left tails. Thus, financial assets are positively correlated, especially during periods of increased uncertainty. It is not only clustering that one would try to explain, but another issue is the prediction of one asset’s effect on another. The effect of one asset on another asset is called the spillover effect. We tried to distinguish between events that happen during the same time that affect all assets. These events are called systematic risk, and the effects that one asset has on another asset is called systemic risk. Explaining the systemic risk typically has higher priority from a policy perspective, as systemic risk can be a driver for risk transmission from one asset to another, creating a chain of risk or a spiral of risk. Hence, the approaches I used can model that chain of risk and predict risk transmission while controlling for external factors that increase uncertainty. The results of this research show the connection between energy assets and renewable energy stocks in Papers 1 and 2. For instance, we found that there is a possibility of adjusting the European carbon emission cap and that renewable energy stocks positively correlate with energy commodities in the tails. Thus, renewable energy stocks follow a macroeconomic cycle. The findings of Paper 3 show the systemic and systematic nature of cross-country spillovers between emerging and developed financial markets, and that the spillover is time-varying with increasing spillovers in crisis periods. Paper 4 examines the Nordic banking sector. The results show that banks’ spillover to their local markets is due to their systemic importance and the strength of the spillover is related to the bank’s characteristics. In the final Paper, I studied the upside and downside movement asymmetry of stocks and found that betting on upside volatility is better than a portfolio perspective but comes at the cost of increased pricing errors. The empirical findings of this thesis significantly contribute to policymakers and institutional investors in portfolio diversification and risk management.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Are people fuzzy about who they work with? : An experimental test of Becker’s coworker discrimination hypothesis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Social Science Journal. - Amsterdam : Taylor & Francis. - 0362-3319 .- 1873-5355. ; 58:4, s. 477-483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used an experiment to investigate whether people’s decisions over employment opportunities are affected by the ethnicity and sex of their potential future coworkers. University students (N = 1,406) were asked to state the lowest hourly wage rate at which they would be willing to accept a job on a campus food truck, where they would work alongside the food truck owner. The ethnicity and sex of the food truck owners were randomized across participants. Results showed no signs of coworker prejudice in terms of the probability of being interested in the job and reservation wage.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymmetric dynamics between uncertainty and unemployment flows in the United States
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines how different uncertainty measures affect the unemployment level, inflow, and outflow in the U.S. across all states of the business cycle. We employ linear and nonlinear causality-in-quantile tests to capture a complete picture of the effect of uncertainty on U.S. unemployment. To verify whether there are any common effects across different uncertainty measures, we use monthly data on four uncertainty measures and on U.S. unemployment from January 1997 to August 2018. Our results corroborate the general predictions from a search and matching framework of how uncertainty affects unemployment and its flows. Fluctuations in uncertainty generate increases (upper-quantile changes) in the unemployment level and in the inflow. Conversely, shocks to uncertainty have a negative impact on U.S. unemployment outflow. Therefore, the effect of uncertainty is asymmetric depending on the states (quantiles) of U.S. unemployment and on the adopted unemployment measure. Our findings suggest statecontingent policies to stabilize the unemployment level when large uncertainty shocks occur.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymmetric dynamics between uncertainty and unemployment flows in the United States
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics. - Berlin, Germany : Walter de Gruyter. - 1081-1826 .- 1558-3708. ; 26:1, s. 155-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how different uncertainty measures affect the unemployment level, inflow, and outflow in the U.S. across all states of the business cycle. We employ linear and nonlinear causality-in-quantile tests to capture a complete picture of the effect of uncertainty on U.S. unemployment. To verify whether there are any common effects across different uncertainty measures, we use monthly data on four uncertainty measures and on U.S. unemployment from January 1997 to August 2018. Our results corroborate the general predictions from a search and matching framework of how uncertainty affects unemployment and its flows. Fluctuations in uncertainty generate increases (upper-quantile changes) in the unemployment level and in the inflow. Conversely, shocks to uncertainty have a negative impact on U.S. unemployment outflow. Therefore, the effect of uncertainty is asymmetric depending on the states (quantiles) of U.S. unemployment and on the adopted unemployment measure. Our findings suggest state-contingent policies to stabilize the unemployment level when large uncertainty shocks occur.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Customer discrimination in the fast food market : a web-based experiment on a Swedish university campus
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Migration Letters. - London, United Kingdom : Transnational Press London. - 1741-8984 .- 1741-8992. ; 17:6, s. 813-824
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a study that examined customer discrimination against fictitious male and female food truck owners with Arabic-sounding names on a Swedish university campus. In a web-based experiment, students (N = 1,406) were asked, in a market survey setting, whether they thought it was a good idea that a food truck was establishing on their campus and of their willingness to pay for a typical food truck meal. Four names—male and female Swedish-sounding names and male and female Arabic-sounding names—were randomly assigned to food trucks. We found no evidence of customer discrimination against food truck owners with Arabic-sounding names. Participants were slightly more positive to a food truck establishment run by a male with an Arabic-sounding name than a male with a Swedish-sounding name.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diskriminerar kunder utrikes födda företagare? Resultat från ett webb-baserat experiment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm, Sweden : Research Institute of Industrial Economics. - 0345-2646. ; 46:7, s. 25-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi presenterar resultat från ett experiment utfört på ett universitetscampus.Deltagarna fick se bilder av olika food-trucks och svara på om de tyckte det varen god idé att en food-truck etablerade sig på campusområdet samt ange sinbetalningsvilja för olika varor. Deltagarna i experimentet var mer positivatill en etablering av en food-truck ägd av en man med arabiskt namn än till enetablering av en food-truck ägd av en man med svenskt namn. Resultaten är avintresse för integrationspolitiken, då de visar att egenföretagare med ursprung iMellanöstern inte diskrimineras i en bransch där de ofta är verksamma.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diskriminering genomsyrar inte hela samhället
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - Stockholm, Sweden : Dagens Samhälle AB. - 1652-6511.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 11. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-
(författare)
-
Don’t be first! An empirical test of the first-mover disadvantage hypothesis in a culinary game show
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - : Elsevier. - 2590-2911. ; 1:1, s. 1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study presented in this paper was to evaluate the first-mover disadvantage hypothesis. Data from a Swedish television cooking game show was used to test the hypothesis. Each week four contestants on the game show take turns hosting each other at a dinner. Contestants rate each other’s performance and compete for a considerable cash prize. The contestant receiving the highest rating wins the cash prize at the end of the week. The results show that being the first contestant to host the dinner during a week remarkably reduced the chances of winning the cash prize in the end of that week. The results imply that being the first does not always pay off in some circumstances.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender discrimination in hiring : An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA, United States : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:1, s. 1-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the degree of gender discrimination in Sweden across occupations using a correspondence study design. Our analysis of employer responses to more than 3,200 fictitious job applications across 15 occupations revealed that overall positive employer response rates were higher for women than men by almost 5 percentage points. We found that this gap was driven by employer responses in female-dominated occupations. Male applicants were about half as likely as female applicants to receive a positive employer response in female-dominated occupations. For male-dominated and mixed occupations we found no significant differences in positive employer responses between male and female applicants.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Personer med arabiska namn diskrimineras av kommuner
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : Dagens Nyheter AB. - 1101-2447. ; :2019-03-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Utrikes födda personer särbehandlas i den skriftliga kontakten med landets kommuner. Det visar vårt experiment, där en man med svenskklingande namn fick bättre bemötande och mer information än en man med arabiskt namn. Diskrimineringen kan ge konsekvenser i form av sämre möjligheter till förskoleplats, skriver nationalekonomerna Ali Ahmed och Mats Hammarstedt.
|
|
| 14. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Skolor ratar barn med adhd och diabetes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm, Sweden : Svenska Dagbladet AB & Co.. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 15. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of energy consumption and democratic institutions on output and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh: a time-frequency approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Energy Systems. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1867-8998 .- 1867-9005 .- 1868-3967 .- 1868-3975. ; 11:1, s. 195-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the results of a study that investigates the causal interactions among the entities energy consumption, democracy, income, and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. Bootstrapping causality and time–frequency domain causality methods were adopted to examine the causal co-movements between the variables, using data series for a period of more than four decades. Results show that time-scale behavior plays an important role. Democracy is an important factor for emissions and national income. The nexus of democracy and CO2 emission is bidirectional. The impact of democracy on CO2 is stronger than vice versa. This study provides new insights for policymakers: democratic practices play an important role in implementing climate change policies, at least in the case of Bangladesh.
|
|
| 16. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transpersoner diskrimineras i rekryteringsprocessen
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm, Sweden : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 49:1, s. 19-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 17. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transpersoner väljs bort av arbetsgivarna
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm, Sweden : AB Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 18. |
- Lundin, Christina, 1961-
(författare)
-
Organizing Language Interpreting Services in Elderly and Emergency Healthcare
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With an increasing migrant population there is a growing need to organize interpreting practices in healthcare in order to deliver equitable high-quality care.This thesis focuses on healthcare institutions’ organization of interpreting services. The aim of the study was to explore interpreting practices in a healthcare context by comparing two different healthcare areas – elderly and emergency healthcare. The study aimed to highlight the impact of the organizational and institutional context.This study was designed as an explorative and descriptive qualitative study including 79 healthcare professionals with experience of interpreting practices recruited via purposeful sampling in elderly and emergency healthcare. Data were collected through individual and focus-group interviews and analysed with inductive qualitative content analysis.The main findings show that the processes and structures around interpreting practices were complex and mainly linked to individual and interpersonal levels and, to a limited extent, to the institutional level. On the institutional level the Public Procurement Act was the only formal policy to follow. On individual and interpersonal level interpreting practices were structured by self-established informal workplace routines developed by the professional groups. The norms and routines used was determined by access to interpreters, time aspects, characteristics of the care given, health conditions and the person’s problem, expectations and requests from the person and also from healthcare professionals. There were wishes for improvement, with better flexibility in access to professional interpreters, training for users and interpreters, and also better technical solutions and equipment.In conclusion, the use of interpreters was rooted in the organizational environment of interpreting practice, including the availability of laws, policy and guidelines, and closely related to individuals’ language skills, cultural values and social factors. The use of professional interpreters was based on the nature of care in context and access to interpreters and determined by health professionals’ estimation of the person’s current health status in order to deliver fast and individualized care based on humanistic values.Thus, it is important to consider organizational framework and cultural awareness when formulating interpreting practices adapted to the context, and formal guidelines in order to achieve the aim of personcentered and equal health care.
|
|
| 19. |
- Lång, Elisabeth, 1983-
(författare)
-
Short- and Long-Term Influences of Education, Health Indicators, and Crime on Labor Market Outcomes : Five Essays in Empirical Labor Economics
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of how several individual characteristics, namely education (years of schooling), health indicators (height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise), criminal behavior, and crime victimization, influence labor market outcomes in the short and long run. The first part of the thesis consists of three studies in which I adopt a within-twin-pair difference approach to analyze how education, health indicators, and earnings are associated with each other over the life cycle. The second part of the thesis includes two studies in which I use field experiments in order to test the employability of exoffenders and crime victims.The first essay, Learning for life?, describes an analysis of the education premium in earnings and health-related behaviors throughout adulthood among twins. The results show that the education premium in earnings, net of genetic inheritance, is rather small over the life cycle but increases with the level of education. The results also show that the education premium in health-related behaviors is mainly concentrated on smoking habits. The influences of education on earnings and health-related behaviors seem to work independently of each other, and there are no signs that health-related behaviors influence the education premium in earnings or vice versa.The second essay, Blowing up money?, details an analysis of the association between smoking and earnings in two different historical social contexts in Sweden: the 1970s and the 2000s. I also consider possible differences in this association in the short and long run as well as between the sexes. The results show that the earnings penalty for smoking is much stronger in the 2000s as compared to the 1970s (for both sexes) and that it is larger in the long run as compared to the short run (for men).The third essay, Two by two, inch by inch, describes an analysis of the height premium among Swedish twins. The results show that the height premium is relatively constant over the life cycle and that it is larger below median height for men and above median height for young women. The estimates are similar for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, indicating that environmentally and genetically induced height differences are similarly associated with earnings over the life cycle.The fourth essay, The employability of ex-offenders, published in IZA Journal of Labor Policy (2017), 6:6, details an analysis of whether male and female exoffenders are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. The results show that employers do discriminate against exoffenders but that the degree of discrimination varies across occupations. Discrimination against ex-offenders is pronounced in female-dominated and high-skilled occupations. The magnitude of discrimination against exoffenders does not vary by applicants’ sex.The fifth essay, Victimized twice?, describes an analysis of whether male and female crime victims are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. This study is the first to consider potential hiring discrimination against crime victims. The results show that employers do discriminate against crime victims. The discrimination varies with the sex of the crime victim and occupational characteristics and is concentrated among high-skilled jobs for female crime victims and among femaledominated jobs for male crime victims.
|
|
| 20. |
- Suresh, K.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Tourism, trade, and economic growth in India : a frequency-domain analysis of causality
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Anatolia. - : Routledge. - 1303-2917 .- 2156-6909. ; 29:3, s. 319-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine causal relationships among the macroeconomic entities tourism and output dynamics in India, using the frequency–domain causality approach. Our results show that there is a bidirectional causality between openness and tourism as well as between output and tourism, at various frequency bands. Hence, this study suggests a multiplier effect of tourism on the Indian economy.
|
|
| 21. |
- Uddin, Gazi Salah, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Do uncertainties affect biofuel prices?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 148:May, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the impact of geopolitical risk, U.S. economic policy uncertainty, financial stress, and market volatility on prices of U.S. and Brazilian ethanol and Malaysian palm oil. We use quantile autoregressive and quantile causality methods and provide evidence of ethanol and palm oil prices being asymmetrically influenced in the downside and upside by each of the uncertainty measures considered. Malaysian palm oil prices are more attuned to increases in uncertainty measures. Increases rather than decreases in uncertainty more strongly impact ethanol and palm oil prices. Uncertainty causes large negative price fluctuations in the biofuel commodities, while moderate uncertainty changes only moderately influence prices. Large uncertainty increases cause large or extreme positive changes in ethanol and palm oil prices. Implications of the results are discussed.
|
|
| 22. |
- Uddin, Gazi Salah, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stock market contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic in emerging economies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Review of Economics and Finance. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 1059-0560 .- 1873-8036. ; 79, s. 302-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to examine the connected dynamics of the affected Asian financial markets and global financial market in relation to the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We particularly examine the temporal dependence and connectedness of the affected markets with the global financial market by using the time-varying dependence approach in a time-frequency space under COVID-19. Our findings indicate a strong, positive dependence among the investigated markets’ due to the outbreak of COVID-19. In addition, we report an increased tendency of co-movements over the higher horizon which is documented by COVID-19. These findings are of significant interest for market participants, policymakers, and international investors.
|
|
