| 1. |
- Ahmed, Moinuddin, et al.
(författare)
-
Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 6:5, s. 339-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971–2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
|
|
| 2. |
- Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of sickle cell disease with anthropometric indices among under-five children : evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Malnutrition continues to affect under-five children in Africa to an overwhelming proportion. The situation is further compounded by the burden of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, association of SCD with stunting, wasting, and underweight in a nationally representative sample of under-five children remains unexplored.We aimed to describe prevalence of undernutrition by sickle cell status, to evaluate its association with growthfaltering ascertained by anthropometric indices, and to explore mediating role of hemoglobin.Methods: We availed data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the sample comprised 11,233 children aged 6–59 months who were successfully genotyped for SCD. The DHS employeda two-stage, stratified sampling strategy. SickleSCAN rapid diagnostic test was used for SCD genotyping. Zscoresof length/height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and weight-for-age (WAZ) were computedagainst the 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate association of SCD with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Mediation analysis was performed tocapture the indirect effect of and proportion of total effect mediated through hemoglobin level in SCD-anthropometric indices association.Results: Prevalences of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children with SCD were 55.4% (54.5–56.4), 9.1% (8.6–9.7), and 38.9% (38.0–39.8), respectively. The odds of stunting were 2.39 times higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.39, 95% CI:1.26–4.54) among sickle children than those with normal hemoglobin. SCD was also significantly associated withunderweight (aOR 2.64, 95% CI: 1.25–5.98), but not with wasting (aOR: 1.60, 95% CI 0.85–3.02). Association of SCD with all three anthropometric indices was significantly mediated through hemoglobin level: for SCD-HAZ, the adjusted indirect effect(aIE) was − 0.328 (95% CI: − 0.387, − 0.270); for SCD-WHZ, the aIE was − 0.080 (95% CI: − 0.114, − 0.050); and for SCD-WAZ, the aIE was − 0.245 (95% CI: − 0.291, − 0.200).Conclusion: We presented compelling evidence of the negative impact of SCD on anthropometric indices of nutritional status of under-five children. Integration of a nutrition-oriented approach into a definitive SCD care package and its nationwide implementation could bring promising results by mitigating the nutritional vulnerability of children with SCD.
|
|
