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- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 3. |
- Davies, Stuart J., et al.
(författare)
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ForestGEO: Understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the world's forested nations, and increased collaboration and integration among research networks and disciplines addressing forest science.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, F., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Postoperative Up Staging or Upgrading among Men with Low Risk Familial Prostate Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 204:1, s. 79-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We investigated whether men with biopsy verified, low grade cancer and a family history of lethal or advanced prostate cancer are at particularly high risk for harboring undetected high grade disease. Materials and Methods: Upgrading and up staging of prostate cancer are common after prostatectomy. In a nationwide population based cohort we identified 6,854 men with low risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Among these men 1,739 (25%) had a history of prostate cancer in a first-degree relative and 289 (4%) had a first-degree relative with lethal or advanced prostate cancer. Results: Compared to men with no familial occurrence of prostate cancer, the odds ratio for the risk of up staging among men with a familial occurrence of high risk or lethal prostate cancer was 1.06 (95% CI 0.76-1.47). The corresponding odds ratio for upgrading was 1.17 (0.91-1.50). Conclusions: We found no association between family history of prostate cancer and up staging or upgrading after radical prostatectomy.
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| 7. |
- van Vollenhoven, R.F., et al.
(författare)
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Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial) : 1-year results of a randomised trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 374:9688, s. 459-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: New treatment strategies for early rheumatoid arthritis are evolving rapidly. We aimed to compare addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine) with addition of a tumour necrosis factor antagonist (infliximab) to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We undertook a randomised trial in 15 rheumatology units in Sweden. We enrolled patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (symptom duration less than1 year) and administered methotrexate (up to 20 mg per week). After 3-4 months, those who had not achieved low disease activity but who could tolerate methotrexate were randomly allocated by computer addition of either sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine or infliximab. Primary outcome was achievement of a good response according to European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria at 12 months. Patients were followed up to 24 months; here, we present findings at 12 months. Analysis was by intention to treat and we used non-responder imputation. The Swefot (Swedish Pharmacotherapy) study is registered in the WHO database at the Karolinska University Hospital, number CT20080004. Findings: 487 patients were initially enrolled. Of 258 who had not achieved low disease activity with methotrexate, 130 were allocated sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine and 128 were assigned infliximab. 32 of 130 (25%) patients allocated sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine achieved the primary outcome compared with 50 of 128 (39%) assigned infliximab (risk ratio 1·59 [95% CI 1·10-2·30], p=0·0160). Adverse events were balanced fairly well between the two groups and accorded with known adverse events of the drugs used. No deaths occurred in either group. Interpretation: In patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in whom methotrexate treatment failed, addition of a tumour necrosis factor antagonist to methotrexate monotherapy is clinically superior to addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Funding: Swedish Rheumatism Association, Schering-Plough.
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| 14. |
- Cavalieri, A L, et al.
(författare)
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Clocking femtosecond X rays.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Phys Rev Lett. - 0031-9007. ; 94:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear-accelerator-based sources will revolutionize ultrafast x-ray science due to their unprecedented brightness and short pulse duration. However, time-resolved studies at the resolution of the x-ray pulse duration are hampered by the inability to precisely synchronize an external laser to the accelerator. At the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear-Accelerator Center we solved this problem by measuring the arrival time of each high energy electron bunch with electro-optic sampling. This measurement indirectly determined the arrival time of each x-ray pulse relative to an external pump laser pulse with a time resolution of better than 60 fs rms.
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| 20. |
- Gaffney, K J, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of structural anisotropy and the onset of liquidlike motion during the nonthermal melting of InSb
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 95:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The melting dynamics of laser excited InSb have been studied with femtosecond x-ray diffraction. These measurements observe the delayed onset of diffusive atomic motion, signaling the appearance of liquidlike dynamics. They also demonstrate that the root-mean-squared displacement in the [111] direction increases faster than in the [110] direction after the first 500 fs. This structural anisotropy indicates that the initially generated fluid differs significantly from the equilibrium liquid.
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| 21. |
- Gongora, M., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Patients in SPCG-15-A Randomized Trial Comparing Radical Prostatectomy with Primary Radiotherapy plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 41, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is no high-grade evidence for surgery as primary treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer. The SPCG-15 study is the first randomized trial comparing surgical treatment with radiotherapy. Objective: To describe the baseline characteristics of the first 600 randomized men in the SPCG-15 study. The study will compare mortality and functional outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: This study is a Scandinavian prospective, open, multicenter phase III randomized clinical trial aiming to randomize 1200 men. Intervention: Radical prostatectomy with or without consecutive radiotherapy (experimental) and radiotherapy with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (standard of care). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Cause-specific survival, metastasis-free survival, overall survival, and patient-reported bowel function, sexual health, and lower urinary tract symptoms were measured. Results and limitations: The distribution of characteristics was similar in the two study arms. The median age was 67 yr (range 45-75 yr). Among the operated men, 36% had pT3a stage of disease and 39% had pT3b stage. International Society of Urological Pathology grades 2, 3, 4, and 5 were prevalent in 21%, 35%, 7%, and 27%, respectively. Half of the men (51%) in the surgery arm had no positive lymph nodes. The main limitation is the pragmatic design comparing the best available practice at each study site leading to heterogeneity of treatment regimens within the study arms. Conclusions: We have proved that randomization between surgery and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer is feasible. The characteristics of the study population demonstrate a high prevalence of advanced disease, well-balanced comparison groups, and a demography mirroring the Scandinavian population of men with prostate cancer at large. Patient summary: This study, which has recruited >600 men, compares radiotherapy with surgery for prostate cancer, and an analysis at the time of randomization indicates that the study will be informative and generalizable to most men with locally advanced but not metastasized prostate cancer. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.
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| 23. |
- Jansson, F., et al.
(författare)
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Concordance of Non-Low-Risk Disease Among Pairs of Brothers With Prostate Cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 36:18, s. 1847-1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeProstate cancer among first-degree relatives is a strong risk factor for diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the contribution of heritable factors in prostate cancer etiology is high. We investigated how the concordance of non-low-risk prostate cancer among brothers is affected by their genetic relation.MethodsWe identified 4,262 pairs of brothers with prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. Their cancers were categorized as low risk (Gleason score 6; clinical stage T1-2, Nx/N0, Mx/M0; and prostate-specific antigen 10 ng/mL) or non-low risk. The odds ratio (OR) for concordance of non-low-risk cancer was calculated with logistic regression for the different types of fraternity (monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, full brothers, and half-brothers)ResultsAmong monozygotic twins who both were diagnosed with prostate cancer, the OR for both brothers being in the non-low-risk category was 3.82 (95% CI, 0.99 to 16.72) after adjusting for age and year of diagnosis. Among full brothers, the corresponding adjusted OR was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.39). When the analysis was restricted to brothers who both were diagnosed within 4 years, the results were similar.ConclusionNon-low-risk prostate cancer has a heritable pattern suggesting shared genetic factors, with the highest concordance among monozygotic twins. Our results suggest that a man whose brother has been diagnosed with a non-low-risk prostate cancer is at a clinically relevant increased risk of developing an aggressive prostate cancer himself.
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| 32. |
- Lindenberg, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Atomic-scale visualization of inertial dynamics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 308:5720, s. 392-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The motion of atoms on interatomic potential energy surfaces is fundamental to the dynamics of liquids and solids. An accelerator-based source of femtosecond x-ray pulses allowed us to follow directly atomic displacements on an optically modified energy landscape, leading eventually to the transition from crystalline solid to disordered liquid. We show that, to first order in time, the dynamics are inertial, and we place constraints on the shape and curvature of the transition-state potential energy surface. Our measurements point toward analogies between this nonequilibrium phase transition and the short-time dynamics intrinsic to equilibrium liquids.
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| 38. |
- Ronmark, E, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of digital-enabled multidisciplinary therapy conferences on efficiency and quality of the decision making in prostate cancer care
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ health & care informatics. - : BMJ. - 2632-1009. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the impact on efficiency and quality of preprostatectomy multidisciplinary therapy conferences (MDT) at Karolinska University Hospital related to the use of a digital solution compared with standard of care. Further, to explore whether gains in MDT efficiency and quality impact oncological or functional patient outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study of preoperative prostate cancer MDT at Karolinska between February 2017 and March 2021, including 1329 patients. We compared efficiency and quality of the standard MDT and the MDT using the digital solution IntelliSpace Precision Medicine Multidisciplinary Team Orchestrator (ISPM) based on the previously used MDT-MODe approach. Clinical and patient-reported functional outcomes were derived from the medical records and the Swedish National Prostate Cancer Register.ResultsWhile ISPM was used during the MDT meeting, the time spent per patient was reduced by 24% (p<0.001) and most of the MDT-MODe items were scored significantly higher. There was a reduction in pelvic lymph-node dissection procedures in the ISPM cohort (p=0.001) and an increased proportion of unilateral nerve-sparing procedures (p=0.005), while all other outcome-related measures were not significantly different between the two patient groups.Discussion and conclusionTo increase the value of the MDT, all data relevant for treatment decision need to be purposefully presented and compiled, which also enables secondary use of the data.The use of a digital solution during preoperative MDTs for prostate cancer decision making at Karolinska University Hospital improved the efficiency and quality of this multidisciplinary team meeting without impacting patient outcomes.
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| 39. |
- Sooriakumaran, P., et al.
(författare)
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Survival Among Men at High Risk of Disseminated Prostate Cancer Receiving Initial Locally Directed Radical Treatment or Initial Androgen Deprivation Therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 72:3, s. 345-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing low-quality evidence rationalizing the use of radical therapy for men at high risk of disseminated prostate cancer. Objective: To investigate, using high-quality epidemiologic data, whether initial radical therapy in men at high risk of disseminated prostate cancer improves survival. Design, setting, and participants: An observational population-based Swedish study from 1996 to 2010 of men at high risk of disseminated prostate cancer (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] > 50) initially treated by radical therapy (radiation therapy [n = 630] or radical prostatectomy [n = 120]) or androgen deprivation therapy (n = 17 602), and followed for up to 15 yr. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Prostate-cancer and other-cause mortality was estimated for the treatment groups. We also matched the two cohorts for grade, T stage, M stage, Charlson score, year of diagnosis, age, and PSA, and found androgen deprivation therapy patient matches for 575 of the radical therapy patients, and then repeated comparative effectiveness analyses. Results and limitation: Prostate-cancer mortality was substantially greater in the androgen deprivation therapy group compared with the radically treated one, in unmatched (9062/17 602 vs 86/750) and matched (177/575 vs 71/575) cohorts. Among matched cohorts, initial androgen deprivation therapy was associated with nearly three-fold higher hazard of prostate-cancer death compared with initial radical therapy (2.87; 95% confidence interval 2.16-3.82). Multiple sensitivity analyses suggested that the findings were robust, although the general limitations of nonrandomized studies remain. Further, the study cohort may have included men with both systemic and nonsystemic disease, as a sole eligibility criterion of PSA > 50 was used. Conclusions: This large and comprehensive population-based study suggests that initial radical therapy in men at high risk of disseminated prostate cancer improves survival. Patient summary: This large Swedish study suggests that men with prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate benefit from treating the prostate itself with radiation therapy or surgery rather than treating the disease with hormones alone. (C) 2017 European Association of Urology.
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| 41. |
- Stranne, Johan, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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SPCG-15 : a prospective randomized study comparing primary radical prostatectomy and primary radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 52:5-6, s. 313-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe study design and procedures for a prospective randomized trial investigating whether radical prostatectomy (RP) ± radiation improves cause-specific survival in comparison with primary radiation treatment (RT) and androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC).Materials and methods: SPCG-15 is a prospective, multi-centre, open randomized phase III trial. Patients are randomized to either standard (RT + ADT) or experimental (RP with extended pelvic lymph-node dissection and with addition of adjuvant or salvage RT and/or ADT if deemed necessary) treatment. Each centre follows guidelines regarding the timing and dosing of postoperative RT and adjuvant treatment such as ADT The primary endpoint is cause-specific survival. Secondary endpoints include metastasis-free and overall survival, quality-of-life, functional outcomes and health-services requirements. Each subject will be followed up for a minimum of 10 years.Results: Twenty-three centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, well established in performing RP and RT for prostate cancer participated. Each country’s sites were coordinated by national coordinating investigators and sub-investigators for urology and oncology. Almost 400 men have been randomized of the stipulated 1200, with an increasing rate of accrual.Conclusions: The SPCG-15 trial aims to compare the two curatively intended techniques supplying new knowledge to support future decisions in treatment strategies for patients with LAPC The Scandinavian healthcare context is well suited for performing multi-centre long-term prospective randomized clinical trials. Similar care protocols and a history of entirely tax-funded healthcare facilitate joint trials.
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| 42. |
- Thor, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection as treatment for low-volume metastatic seminoma in a population-based cohort : the Swedish Norwegian testicular cancer group experience
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 65, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: There is an unmet need to avoid long-term morbidity associated with standard cytotoxic treatment for low-volume metastatic seminoma. Our aim was to assess the oncological efficacy and surgical safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as treatment in a population-based cohort of metastatic seminoma patients with limited retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.Methods: Sixty-two seminoma patients in Norway and Sweden were included in the cohort from 2019 to 2022. Patients with lymphadenopathy ≤3 cm, having primary clinical stage (CS) IIA/B or CS I with a relapse, were operated with uni- or bilateral template RPLND, open or robot assisted. The outcome measures included surgical complications as per Clavien-Dindo, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 24-mo progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Key findings and limitations: In the cohort, 33 (53%) had CS I with a relapse during surveillance, six (10%) CS I with a relapse following adjuvant chemotherapy, and 23 (37%) initial CS IIA/B. Metastatic seminoma was verified in 58 patients (94%) with a median largest diameter of 18 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 13–24). Robot-assisted RPLND was performed in 40 patients (65%). Clavien-Dindo III complications were observed in three patients (5%); no grade ≥IV complications occurred. Eighteen patients (29%) received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The median follow-up was 23 mo (IQR 16–30), and recurrence occurred in six patients (10%) after a median of 8 mo (IQR 4–14). PFS was 90% (95% confidence interval: 0.86–1) and OS was 100% at 24 mo.Conclusions and clinical implications: RPLND as primary treatment is an option for selected low-stage seminomas with a limited burden of disease, showing low complications and low relapse rates, with the potential to reduce long-term morbidity.Patient summary: In seminoma patients with limited metastatic spread, surgery is a treatment option offering an alternative to chemotherapy or radiation. This paper covers the first 62 patients operated in Norway and Sweden.
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