| 1. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Temporomandibular disorder pain in adult Saudi Arabians referred for specialised dental treatment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 34:3, s. 149-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) pain in Saudi Arabians,aged 20-40, who were referred to the Specialist Dental Centre in Makkah. The material included 325 patients (135 males,190 females) who answered a history questionnaire. Patients reportingTMD pain in the last month were offered a clinical examination. History questionnaires and clinical examinations were done according to the Arabic version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Fifty-eight patients (18%) reported TMD pain; 46 were clinically examined. Mean age of clinically examined TMD pain patients was 30 +/- 7 years with a male-female ratio of 1:6 (P < 0.001). All TMD pain patients had a diagnosis of myofascial pain, and 65% had diagnoses of arthralgia or osteoarthritis. Headaches or migraines in the last 6 months and headaches in the last month were reported in high frequencies in the TMD pain group, 93% and 71% respectively, with differences (P < 0.001) between the TMD pain and non-TMD pain groups. Graded Chronic Pain Scale assessments classified 45% of the TMD pain patients in grade 1, 53% in grade II, 2% in grade III, and 0% in grade IV. Severe depression scores were found in 38% of the TMD pain patients and severe somatisation scores in 60% with differences (P < 0.001) between the TMD pain and non-TMD pain groups. In conclusion, the study found a frequency of TMD pain in this Saudi Arabian cohort of 18%. The TMD pain group presented high scores of depression and somatisation but low disability grades on the Graded Chronic Pain Scale.
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| 2. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Temporomandibular Disorders per RDC/TMD in Adult Saudi Arabians Referred for Specialized Dental Treatment
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to determine frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) pain in Saudi Arabians, ages 20 to 40, which were referred to a dental specialist clinic in Makkah. Materials and Methods: 325 referred patients (135 males, 190 females) answered history questionnaires. Patients reporting TMD pain in these questionnaires were clinically examined. History questionnaires and clinical examinations were done per Axis I and Axis II of the Arabic version of Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Results: The male-female ratio of the study group was 1:1.4. Fifty-eight patients (18%) had TMD pain; 46 were clinically examined. Mean age of examined TMD pain patients was 30 years (±7) with a male-female ratio of 1:6. All TMD pain patients had a diagnosis of myofascial pain and 65% had diagnoses of arthralgia or osteoarthritis. Graded chronic pain severity was reported to be grade I in 45%, grade II in 53%, grade III in 2% and grade IV in none of the patients. Psychological status assessment showed that 38% of the TMD pain patients had severe depression scores and 60% severe somatization scores. Conclusion: The present study showed a high frequency of TMD pain in this Saudi Arabian cohort, and 18% of the patients met criteria for subdiagnoses of TMD. Depression and somatization per Axis II had significantly higher scores in the TMD pain group compared to the non-pain group.
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| 3. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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TMD in Adult Saudi Arabians According to RDC/TMD
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the frequency of pain-related TMD in Saudi Arabians 20 to 40years old referred to a d specialist clinic in Makka. Materials and Methods: 325 referred patients (135 males, 190 females) filled in history questionnaires. Patients reporting pain-related TMD were clinically examined. The history and clinical examinations were performed according to an Arabic version of RDC/TMD Axis I and Axis II (Dworkin et al 1992). Results: All patients had a male-female ratio of 1:1.4. TMD pain patients were found to be 18% (n=58), out of which 46 were clinically examined. The 46 TMD pain patients had a mean age of 30 years (±7) with a male-female ratio of 1:6. All TMD pain patients had a diagnosis of myofascial pain and 66% had diagnoses of arthrogenous origin. The graded chronic pain was reported to be grade I in 45%, grade II in 53%. Axis II assessment of psychological status showed that 38% of the TMD pain patients yielded severe depression scores and 60% high nonspecific physical symptom scores. Conclusion: The present study showed a high frequency of TMD pain in this Saudi Arabian cohort and 18% of the patients met criteria for subdiagnoses of TMD. Depression and somatization according to SCL-90R had significantly higher scores in the pain group compared to the non-pain group. The high frequency of pain-related TMD found among the patients referred to specialized dental clinics should make health planners considering TMD/orofacial pain as specialty in dentistry in Saudi Arabia.
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| 4. |
- Bekes, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric patients' reasons for visiting dentists in all WHO regions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1477-7525. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the four oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) dimensions (4D) or areas in which oral disorders impact pediatric patients. Using their dentists' assessment, the study aimed to evaluate whether pediatric dental patients' oral health concerns fit into the 4D of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) construct.METHODS: Dentists who treat children from 32 countries and all WHO regions were selected from a web-based survey of 1580 international dentists. Dentists were asked if their pediatric patients with current or future oral health concerns fit into the 4D of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) construct. Proportions of all pediatric patients' oral health problems and prevention needs were computed.FINDINGS: Data from 101 dentists treating children only and 523 dentists treating children and adults were included. For 90% of pediatric patients, their current oral health problems fit well in the four OHRQoL dimensions. For 91% of oral health problems they intended to prevent in the future were related to these dimensions as well. Both numbers increased to at least 96% when experts analyzed dentists´ explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit these four categories.CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the four fundamental components of dental patients, i.e., the four OHRQoL dimensions (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact) are also applicable for pediatric patients, regardless of whether they have current or future oral health concerns, and should be considered when measuring OHRQoL in the pediatric dental patient population.
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| 5. |
- John, Mike T, et al.
(författare)
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Why Patients Visit Dentists : A Study in all World Health Organization Regions.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1532-3382 .- 1532-3390. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The dimensions of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the major areas where patients are impacted by oral diseases and dental interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients' reasons to visit the dentist fit the 4 OHRQoL dimensions.METHODS: Dentists (N = 1580) from 32 countries participated in a web-based survey. For their patients with current oral health problems, dentists were asked whether these problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws' function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact or whether they do not fit the aforementioned 4 categories. Dentists were also asked about their patients who intended to prevent future oral health problems. For both patient groups, the proportions of oral health problems falling into the 4 OHRQoL dimensions were calculated.RESULTS: For every 100 dental patients with current oral health problems, 96 had problems related to teeth, mouth, and jaws' function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact. For every 100 dental patients who wanted to prevent future oral health problems, 92 wanted to prevent problems related to these 4 OHRQoL dimensions. Both numbers increased to at least 98 of 100 patients when experts analyzed dentists' explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit the four dimension. For the remaining 2 of 100 patients, none of the dentist-provided explanations suggested evidence against the OHRQoL dimensions as the concepts that capture dental patients' suffering.CONCLUSION: Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact capture dental patients' oral health problems worldwide. These 4 OHRQoL dimensions offer a psychometrically sound and practical framework for patient care and research, identifying what is important to dental patients.
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| 6. |
- Sekulić, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of four-dimensional oral health problems across dental fields – A comparative survey of Slovenian and international dentists
- 2021
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Ingår i: Zdravstveno Varstvo. - : National Institute of Public Health Slovenia. - 0351-0026 .- 1854-2476. ; 60:4, s. 210-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs among Slovenian and international dentists with the aim to validate the four oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) dimensions across six clinical dental fields in all World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey in the English language was designed using Qualtrics software. A probability sampling for Slovenia and a convenience sampling strategy for dentist recruitment was applied for 31 countries. Dentists engaged in six dental fields were asked to categorize their patients' oral health problems and prevention needs into the four OHRQoL dimensions (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact). Proportions of patients' problems and prevention needs were calculated together with the significance of Slovenian and international dentists' differences based on dental fields and WHO regions. Results: Dentists (n=1,580) from 32 countries completed the survey. There were 223 Slovenian dentists (females: 68%) with a mean age (SD) of 41 (10.6) years and 1,358 international dentists (females: 51%) with a mean age (SD) of 38 (10.4). Pain-related problems and prevention needs were the most prevalent among all six dental fields reported by dentists; Slovenian (37%) and 31 countries (45%). According to Cohen, differences between Slovenia, the broader European Region, and 31 countries were considered non-significant (<0.1). Conclusion: According to the dentists' responses, the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs are proportionate between Slovenia and 31 countries, regionally and globally. The four OHRQoL dimensions can be considered universal across all dental fields.
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| 7. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural Comparison of Pressure Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance Levels in TMD Cases and Controls : A Preliminary Report
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the 13th World Congress of Pain. - : IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain and Omnipress).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to assess the influence of culture on pain expression, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and pain tolerance levels (PTLs) in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain cases and pain-free matched controls in three cultures. Methods: This was a case-controlled study on 150 (50 Saudi Arabians, 50 Italians and 50 Swedes) cases of chronic TMD pain compared with 148 age- and gender-matched pain-free controls (50 Saudi Arabians, 50 Italians, and 48 Swedes). The cases and controls completed pain questionnaires and underwent clinical examinations per the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) for classification status. PPT and PTL were measured on all participants with a pressure algometer (Somedic®) at a pressure increase rate of 30 kPa/s using a 1.0-cm diameter probe. Three body sites on the right side were investigated: the temporalis, masseter, and thenar muscles. The average of three measurements made at 1-min intervals was calculated for PPT and PTL. A one-way ANOVA compared mean values. Results: Mean characteristic pain severity among TMD cases was 54±(25) for the Saudi Arabian; 56±(20) for the Swedish; and 62.5±(21) for the Italian cases. Between-culture differences were non-significant. PPTs at the temporalis and masseter muscles in the TMD cases were highest in the Saudi Arabians compared to the Swedes and Italians (P<0.001). No between-culture differences among the TMD cases were found in the thenar muscle. Among controls, higher PPTs in the masseter muscle were found in Swedes and Saudi Arabians compared with Italians (P<0.001), while Swedes reported the highest PPT for the thenar compared with Saudi Arabians and Italians (P<0.001). No between-culture differences were observed at the temporalis muscle. PTLs at the masseter muscle in the TMD cases were similar for the Saudi Arabians and Swedes but significantly lower for the Italians (P<0.001). Thenar PTLs were significantly higher in the Swedes compared to the Italians (P<0.001). No significant between-culture differences among the TMD cases were found in the temporalis muscle. Among controls, similar PTLs were observed in the Swedes and Saudi Arabians for the temporalis and masseter muscles, while the Italians had significantly lower PTLs than these groups at the masseter muscles (P<0.01) and lower than the Swedes at the temporalis (P<0.001). A significantly higher thenar PTL was found among Swedes compared to Saudi Arabians and Italians (P<0.001). Cross-modality PPT based on clinical pain for TMD cases revealed significant differences between Saudi Arabians and both Swedes and Italians in the temporalis and masseter muscles (P<0.001). No significant differences were found in the thenar muscle. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest that Saudis and Swedes are more similar in PPT and PTL than Italians are to either group, indicating that cultural factors may influence pain perception.
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| 8. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural differences in types and beliefs about treatment in women with temporomandibular disorder pain
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 45:9, s. 659-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesWomen with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain from three cultures were assessed for type of treatment received and core illness beliefs. MethodsIn a clinical setting, 122 women patients with chronic TMD pain (39 Saudis, 41 Swedes and 42 Italians) were evaluated for patient characteristics, type of practitioner, type of treatment received and beliefs about TMD prior to consultation in TMD specialist centres. Measures included a survey of treatments received and a belief scale regarding contributing, aggravating and treatment-relevant factors related to the pain. All questionnaires were translated from English and culturally adapted. Comparisons among cultural groups were performed using a linear regression model for continuous variables and logistic regression model for dichotomous variables. A P-value
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| 9. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad H.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural differences in patients with temporomandibular disorders-pain : a multi-center study
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate patients with TMD-pain and TMD-free controls in three cultures (Saudi Arabia, Sweden, and Italy) to determine the influence of culture on and crosscultural differences in pain prevalence and intensity, sensitivity to mechanical and electrical stimulation, pain-related disability for four comorbid pain conditions (back, head, chest, and stomach pain) in the last 6 months, and the type of treatment that patients with TMD pain received. The specific aims were: (i) To determine the frequency of TMD pain in Saudi Arabians (I). (ii) To compare psychophysical responses to mechanical and electrical stimuli in female TMD patients and TMD-free controls, nested within each of three cultures (Saudi, Italian, and Swedish) (II). (iii) To assess pain prevalence and intensity, and pain-related disability associated with comorbid pain conditions by testing for the interaction effect between three different cultures and case-status (III). (iv) To assess the type of treatment that female patients with TMD-pain in three cultures received, and their beliefs about the factors that contribute to and aggravate TMD, as well as the factors that are important to include in TMD treatment (IV). Study (I) material included 325 Saudi Arabian patients (135 males, 190 females) aged 20–40, who were referred to the Specialist Dental Center at Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah and answered a history questionnaire. We offered a clinical examination to patients reporting TMD pain in the last month and assessment according to the Arabic version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Of these patients, 58 (18%) reported TMD pain and 46 underwent clinical examination. All TMD pain patients had a diagnosis of myofascial pain, and 65% had diagnoses of arthralgia or osteoarthritis. The TMD-pain group reported high levels of both headaches/migraines in the last 6 months (93%) differing significantly (P < 0.01) from the TMD-pain-free groups. All pain group were suffering at least from one TMD subdiagnosis The TMD-pain group had high depression and somatization scores but low disability grades on the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). Studies (II-IV) compared 122 female cases of chronic TMD pain (39 Saudis, 41 Swedes, and 42 Italians) to equal numbers of agematched TMD-free controls. The study (II) measured pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) over one hand and two masticatory muscles, and electrical perception threshold, electrical pain threshold (EPT), and electrical pain tolerance (EPTo) between the thumb and index fingers. Italian females reported significantly lower PPT in the masseter muscle than the other cultures (P < 0.01) and in the temporalis muscle than Saudis (P < 0.01). Swedes reported significantly higher PPT in the thenar muscle than the other cultures (P = 0.017). Italians reported significantly lower PPTo in all muscles than Swedes (P < 0.01) and in the masseter muscle than Saudis (P < 0.01). Italians reported significantly lower EPTo than other cultures (P = 0.01). TMD cases reported lower PPT and PPTo than TMD-free controls in all three muscles (P < 0.01). Cultural differences appeared in PPT, PPTo and EPTo. Overall, Italian females reported the highest sensitivity to both mechanical and electrical stimulation, while Swedes reported the lowest sensitivity. Mechanical pain thresholds differed more across cultures than did electrical pain thresholds. Cultural factors may influence response to type of pain test. In Study (III), self-report questionnaires assessed back, chest, stomach, and head pain for prevalence, intensity, and interference with daily activities in the last 6 months. Logistic regression assessed binary variables and ANCOVA provided parametric data analysis, adjusting for age and education. Back pain was the only comorbid condition that varied in prevalence across cultures; Headache was the most common comorbid pain condition in all three cultures; the average head pain intensity was lower, however, among Swedes compared to Saudis (P = 0.029). The total number of comorbid conditions did not differ cross-culturally, but the TMD group reported more comorbid conditions compared to TMD-free controls (P < 0.01). For both back and head pain, TMD cases reported higher average pain intensities (P < 0.01) and interference with daily activities (P < 0.01) than TMD-free controls. Among TMD patients, Italians reported the highest pain-related disability (P < 0.01). This study indicates that culture influences the comorbidity of common pain conditions with TMD. The cultural influence on pain expression is reflected in different patterns of physical representation. Study (IV) compared patient characteristics, treatment beliefs, and type of practitioner advice received before referral for TMD treatment. Patients responded to a questionnaire that assessed treatments received, then completed an explanatory model form about their beliefs regarding which factors contribute to and aggravate TMD, and what factors are important for treatment to address. Of the various treatments, Swedes most commonly sought behavioral therapy and Saudis Islamic medicine (P < 0.01). Swedes received acupuncture and occlusal appliance therapy significantly more than Saudis (P < 0.01) or Italians (P = 0.012). Italians were significantly less likely than Saudis and Swedes (P = 0.042) to believe that TMD pain treatment should address behavioral factors. Among Saudi, Italian, and Swedish females with chronic TMD pain, culture did not influence the type of practitioner consulted before visiting a TMD specialist or their beliefs about factors contributing to or aggravating their pain. Overall, the treatments patients received and beliefs about behavioral factors differed cross-culturally. Islamic medicine was fairly common among Saudis and acupuncture was common among Swedes.
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| 10. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of culture on pain comorbidity in women with and without temporomandibular disorder-pain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 44:6, s. 415-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence on cultural differences in prevalence and impact of common chronic pain conditions, comparing individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) versus individuals without TMD, is limited. The aim was to assess cross-cultural comorbid pain conditions in women with chronic TMD pain. Consecutive women patients (n = 122) with the index condition of chronic TMD pain diagnosed per the research diagnostic criteria for TMD and TMD-free controls (n = 121) matched for age were recruited in Saudi Arabia, Italy and Sweden. Self-report questionnaires assessed back, chest, stomach and head pain for prevalence, pain intensity and interference with daily activities. Logistic regression was used for binary variables, and ancova was used for parametric data analysis, adjusting for age and education. Back pain was the only comorbid condition with a different prevalence across cultures; Swedes reported a lower prevalence compared to Saudis (P < 001). Saudis reported higher prevalence of work reduced >50% due to back pain compared to Italians or Swedes (P < 001). Headache was the most common comorbid condition in all three cultures. The total number of comorbid conditions did not differ cross-culturally but were reported more by TMD-pain cases than TMD-free controls (P < 001). For both back and head pain, higher average pain intensities (P < 001) and interference with daily activities (P < 001) were reported by TMD-pain cases, compared to TMD-free controls. Among TMD-pain cases, Italians reported the highest pain-related disability (P < 001). Culture influences the associated comorbidity of common pain conditions. The cultural influence on pain expression is reflected in different patterns of physical representation.
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| 11. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Pain related temporomandibular disorders in adult Saudi arabians referred for specialized dental treatment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pain related temporomandibular disorders in adult Saudi arabians reffered for specialized dental treatment..
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine the frequencies of pain-related symptoms of TMD in patients in the age of 20-40 years referred for specialized dental treatments in Makkah, Saudi Arabia by using Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Three hundred and twenty-five consecutive Saudi patients in the age of 20-40 years: 135 males and 190 females were interviewed according to the RDC/TMD history questionnaire. The results revealed that pain related TMD and orofacial pain were found among 58 (18%) patients. All other patients formed the non-pain group (267,82%). In the pain group, there were 79% females compared to 21% males (P<0.01). Both genders in the pain group reported high frequencies of both migraines in the last six months and headache moderately to extremely in the last month showing significant difference in comparison with the non-pain group (P<0.01). Symptoms of TMD were significantly more prevalent in the pain group than in the non-pain group. The most common pain related TMD symptoms were TMJ clicking, TMJ crepitation, TMJ locking, stiff jaw, tinnitus, bruxism and uncomfortable bite. Regarding Graded Chronic Pain severity in the pain group, most patients reported their pain to be grade I and II. Jaw disability checklist according to RDC/TMD showed that four or more disturbed jaw activities were found in 31 patients (53%) while 13 patients (22%) had not affected mandibular functions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study showed high frequencies of pain related TMD in this Saudi arabian patient population.
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| 12. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of culture on pain sensitivity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 43:2, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-cultural differences in pain sensitivity have been identified in pain-free subjects as well as in chronic pain patients. The aim was to assess the impact of culture on psychophysical measures using mechanical and electrical stimuli in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain and pain-free matched controls in three cultures. This case-control study compared 122 female cases of chronic TMD pain (39 Saudis, 41 Swedes and 42 Italians) with equal numbers of age- and gender-matched TMD-free controls. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) were measured over one hand and two masticatory muscles. Electrical perception threshold and electrical pain threshold (EPT) and tolerance (EPTo) were recorded between the thumb and index fingers. Italian females reported significantly lower PPT in the masseter muscle than other cultures (P < 0001) and in the temporalis muscle than Saudis (P = 0003). Swedes reported significantly higher PPT in the thenar muscle than other cultures (P = 0017). Italians reported significantly lower PPTo in all muscles than Swedes (P 0006) and in the masseter muscle than Saudis (P < 0001). Italians reported significantly lower EPTo than other cultures (P = 001). Temporomandibular disorder cases, compared to TMD-free controls, reported lower PPT and PPTo in all the three muscles (P < 0001). This study found cultural differences between groups in the PPT, PPTo and EPTo. Overall, Italian females reported the highest sensitivity to both mechanical and electrical stimulation, while Swedes reported the lowest sensitivity. Mechanical pain thresholds differed more across cultures than did electrical pain thresholds. Cultural factors may influence response to type of pain test.
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