| 1. |
- Albrecht, Steffen, et al.
(författare)
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A Frequency Synthesizer Architecture Using Frequency Difference Detection
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a frequency synthesizer architecture and its simulation results. Frequency differences are detected digitally with a high speed counter. The oscillator output frequency is used as a clock signal for the digital blocks, whereas the output frequency accuracy can be traded off with the synthesizer settling time.
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| 2. |
- Albrecht, Steffen, 1971-
(författare)
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Sigma-delta based techniques for future multi-standard wireless radios
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Improvements in process technology and design innovations have resulted in compact and cost effective digital baseband solutions. The radio part, however, has remained a bottleneck in terms of chip area and power consumption as the feature size of analog devices does not directly benefit from scaling. With the addition of yet more standards into emerging products, the requirements of future radios will extend over characteristic performance features into demands of programmable and reconfigurable hardware for radios covering multiple frequency bands. Hence, a guideline in the design of such radios is a large degree of hardware sharing. The thesis investigates the application of sigma-delta modulation to arising multistandard wireless radios. First, it reviews principles in wireless radios, such as selected modulation and access techniques. It also examines several communication standards of personal wireless radios as well as common receiver architectures for their implementation. This is followed by general considerations and background information about sigma-delta modulators. In the third and fourth chapter, implementations to two blocks of a wireless radio receiver system are suggested: An architecture for a frequency synthesizer and an implementation of an analog-to-digital converter. In the first contribution, the thesis develops a novel concept for frequency synthesis that is more suitable for multi-band, multi-standard radio architectures, achieving a large amount of hardware sharing among different wireless standards. As a second pillar, the thesis contributes with the design of a dual-standard sigma-delta modulator for data conversion within a radio receiver. Parts of the work concerning the dual-standard modulator are embodied in a granted swedish patent.
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| 3. |
- Espinoza, Shirly, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the high harmonics source for the VUV ellipsometer at ELI Beamlines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2166-2746 .- 2166-2754. ; 38:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the authors present the characterization experiments of a 20 fs vacuum ultraviolet beam from a high harmonic generation source. The beam hits a silicon sample and passes a triple reflection gold polarizer located inside an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The polarizer’s Malus curve was obtained; the total acquisition time for each point of the curve was 30 s. This aims to be the first vacuum ultraviolet time-resolved user station dedicated to ellipsometry. The high harmonic beam is generated by a 12 mJ, 1 kHz, 20 fs, in-house-developed laser and detected by a back-illuminated charge-coupled device.
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| 4. |
- Hodge, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Planning of a Transdisciplinary Investigation into Farmland Pollinators : Rationale, Co-Design, and Lessons Learned
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide a complete portrayal of the multiple factors negatively impacting insects in agricultural landscapes it is necessary to assess the concurrent incidence, magnitude, and interactions among multiple stressors over substantial biogeographical scales. Trans-national ecological field investigations with wide-ranging stakeholders typically encounter numerous challenges during the design planning stages, not least that the scientific soundness of a spatially replicated study design must account for the substantial geographic and climatic variation among distant sites. ‘PoshBee’ (Pan-European assessment, monitoring, and mitigation of Stressors on the Health of Bees) is a multi-partner transdisciplinary agroecological project established to investigate the suite of stressors typically encountered by pollinating insects in European agricultural landscapes. To do this, PoshBee established a network of 128 study sites across eight European countries and collected over 50 measurements and samples relating to the nutritional, toxicological, pathogenic, and landscape components of the bees’ environment. This paper describes the development process, rationale, and end-result of each aspect of the of the PoshBee field investigation. We describe the main issues and challenges encountered during the design stages and highlight a number of actions or processes that may benefit other multi-partner research consortia planning similar large-scale studies. It was soon identified that in a multi-component study design process, the development of interaction and communication networks involving all collaborators and stakeholders requires considerable time and resources. It was also necessary at each planning stage to be mindful of the needs and objectives of all stakeholders and partners, and further challenges inevitably arose when practical limitations, such as time restrictions and labour constraints, were superimposed upon prototype study designs. To promote clarity for all stakeholders, for each sub-component of the study, there should be a clear record of the rationale and reasoning that outlines how the final design transpired, what compromises were made, and how the requirements of different stakeholders were accomplished. Ultimately, multi-national agroecological field studies such as PoshBee benefit greatly from the involvement of diverse stakeholders and partners, ranging from field ecologists, project managers, policy legislators, mathematical modelers, and farmer organisations. While the execution of the study highlighted the advantages and benefits of large-scale transdisciplinary projects, the long planning period emphasized the need to formally describe a design framework that could facilitate the design process of future multi-partner collaborations.
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| 5. |
- Hort, O., et al.
(författare)
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ELI beamlines user oriented high-harmonic beamline
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present latest progress and experimental capabilities of user-oriented XUV beamline based on high harmonic generation (HHG). The focal length of the HHG was recently extended to 5 meters, upscaling the overall XUV photon flux.
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| 6. |
- Mir, Bilal Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA‐100 Reduced Fetal Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Myogenesis and Augmented Intramuscular Lipid Deposition by Modulating IGF1R
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, microRNA‐100 (miR‐100) and its putative mRNA target, insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 (IGF1R) were identified as differentially and inversely expressed in bovine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles with divergent intramuscular fat (IMF) content by our group. While IGF1R signaling is implicated in myogenesis and muscle lipid metabolism, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of IGF1R by miR‐100 during bovine muscle satellite cell (BMSC) myogenesis and lipid deposition. MiR‐100 was confirmed to target the IGF1R 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, expression of miR‐100 and IGF1R was reciprocal during BMSC differentiation, suggesting a crosstalk between the two. Correspondingly, miR‐100 mimic (agomiR) suppressed the levels of IGF1R, PI3K/AKT pathway signaling, myogenic gene MYOG, muscle structural components MYH7 and MYH8, whereas the inhibitor (antagomiR) had no clear stimulating effects. The IGF1R inhibitor (BMS‐754807) curtailed receptor levels and triggered atrophy in muscle myotubes but did not influence miR‐100 expression. AgomiR increased oleic acid‐induced lipid deposition in BMSC myotubes supporting its involvement in intramuscular fat deposition, while antagomiR had no effect. Moreover, mitochondrial beta‐oxidation and long‐chain fatty acid synthesis‐related genes were modulated by agomiR addition. Our results demonstrate modulatory roles of miR‐100 in BMSC development, lipid deposition, and metabolism and suggest a role of miR‐100 in marbling characteristics of meat animals and fat oxidation in muscle.
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| 7. |
- Torchia, Jonathon, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours in children : an integrated genomic and clinicopathological analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 16:5, s. 569-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Rhabdoid brain tumours, also called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours, are lethal childhood cancers with characteristic genetic alterations of SMARCB1/hSNF5. Lack of biological understanding of the substantial clinical heterogeneity of these tumours restricts therapeutic advances. We integrated genomic and clinicopathological analyses of a cohort of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours to find out the molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in these tumours. Methods We obtained 259 rhabdoid tumours from 37 international institutions and assessed transcriptional profiles in 43 primary tumours and copy number profiles in 38 primary tumours to discover molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours. We used gene and pathway enrichment analyses to discover group-specific molecular markers and did immunohistochemical analyses on 125 primary tumours to evaluate clinicopathological significance of molecular subgroup and ASCL1-NOTCH signalling. Findings Transcriptional analyses identified two atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour subgroups with differential enrichment of genetic pathways, and distinct clinicopathological and survival features. Expression of ASCL1, a regulator of NOTCH signalling, correlated with supratentorial location (p=0.004) and superior 5-year overall survival (35%, 95% CI 13-57, and 20%, 6-34, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0.033) in 70 patients who received multimodal treatment. ASCL1 expression also correlated with superior 5-year overall survival (34%, 7-61, and 9%, 0-21, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0.001) in 39 patients who received only chemotherapy without radiation. Cox hazard ratios for overall survival in patients with differential ASCL1 enrichment treated with chemotherapy with or without radiation were 2.02 (95% CI 1.04-3.85; p=0.038) and 3.98 (1.71-9.26; p=0.001). Integrated analyses of molecular subgroupings with clinical prognostic factors showed three distinct clinical risk groups of tumours with different therapeutic outcomes. Interpretation An integration of clinical risk factors and tumour molecular groups can be used to identify patients who are likely to have improved long-term radiation-free survival and might help therapeutic stratification of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours.
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| 8. |
- Volckmar, Anna Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A field guide for cancer diagnostics using cell-free DNA : From principles to practice and clinical applications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Genes Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257. ; 57:3, s. 123-139
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, many genome-wide profiling studies provided insights into the molecular make-up of major cancer types. The deeper understanding of these genetic alterations and their functional consequences led to the discovery of novel therapeutic opportunities improving clinical management of cancer patients. While tissue-based molecular patient stratification is the gold standard for precision medicine, it has certain limitations: Tissue biopsies are invasive sampling procedures carrying the risk of complications and may not represent the entire tumor due to underlying genetic heterogeneity. In this context, complementary characterization of genetic information in the blood of cancer patients can serve as minimal-invasive ‘liquid biopsy’. Fragments of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are released from tissues of healthy individuals as well as cancer patients. The fraction of cfDNA that is released from primary tumors or metastases (i.e. circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA) represents genetic aberrations in cancer cells, which are a potential source for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Recent studies have demonstrated technical feasibility and clinical applications including detection of drug targets and resistance mutations as well as longitudinal monitoring of tumors under therapy. To this end, a variety of pre-analytical procedures for blood processing, isolation and quantification of cfDNA are being employed and several analytical methods and technologies ranging from PCR-based single locus assays to genome-wide approaches are available, which considerably differ in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. However, broad implementation of ctDNA analysis in daily clinical practice requires a thorough understanding of theoretical, technical, and biological concepts and necessitates standardization and validation of pre-analytical and analytical procedures across different technologies. Here, we review the pertinent literature and discuss the advantages and limitations of available methodologies and their potential applications in molecular diagnostics.
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| 9. |
- Vu Trung, Kien, et al.
(författare)
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Endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary lesions of minor papilla
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - 0016-5107. ; 99:4, s. 587-595.e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Ampullary lesions (ALs) of the minor duodenal papilla are extremely rare. Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is a routinely used treatment for AL of the major duodenal papilla, but the role of EP for minor AL has not been accurately studied. Methods: We identified 20 patients with ALs of minor duodenal papilla in the multicentric database from the Endoscopic Papillectomy vs Surgical Ampullectomy vs Pancreatitcoduodenectomy for Ampullary Neoplasm study, which included 1422 EPs. We used propensity score matching (nearest-neighbor method) to match these cases with ALs of the major duodenal papilla based on age, sex, histologic subtype, and size of the lesion in a 1:2 ratio. Cohorts were compared by means of chi-square or Fisher exact test as well as Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Propensity score–based matching identified a cohort of 60 (minor papilla 20, major papilla 40) patients with similar baseline characteristics. The most common histologic subtype of lesions of minor papilla was an ampullary adenoma in 12 patients (3 low-grade dysplasia and 9 high-grade dysplasia). Five patients revealed nonneoplastic lesions. Invasive cancer (T1a), adenomyoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasia were each found in 1 case. The rate of complete resection, en-bloc resection, and recurrences were similar between the groups. There were no severe adverse events after EP of lesions of minor papilla. One patient had delayed bleeding that could be treated by endoscopic hemostasis, and 2 patients showed a recurrence in surveillance endoscopy after a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range, 12-50 months). Conclusions: EP is safe and effective in ALs of the minor duodenal papilla. Such lesions could be managed according to guidelines for EP of major duodenal papilla.
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| 10. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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