| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(author)
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Water
- 2022
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In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability : Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Arheimer, Berit, et al.
(author)
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The IAHS Science for Solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN a Global world (HELPING)
- 2024
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bidleman, TF, et al.
(author)
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Chiral pesticides as tracers of air-surface exchange
- 1998
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In: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 102:1, s. 43-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The enantiomers of chiral pesticides are selectively broken down in soil and water to yield residues and metabolites, which are non-racemic. The distinctive enantiomer signatures of residues are preserved upon volatilization, providing site-specific tracers for air-soil and air-water exchange. Applications of enantiomeric tracers include distinguishing the atmospheric transport of freshly applied pesticides from those which are 'recycled' from lakes, oceans and soil, and investigating biotic vs abiotic degradation pathways. Examples are given of using pesticide enantiomers to follow volatilization from the Great Lakes and arctic waters and as indicators of pesticide emissions from agricultural soils.
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| 8. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(author)
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Is There Still “New” DDT in North America? An Investigation Using Proportions of DDT Compounds
- 2013
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In: Occurrence, fate and impact of atmospheric pollutants on environmental and human health. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 9780841228900 - 9780841228917 ; , s. 153-181
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Usage of DDT ceased over four decades ago in Canada and the United States, and since 2000 in Mexico. Potential sources in the North American atmosphere today include emissions of legacy residues from soils and long-range transport from other countries where DDT is still used or recently banned. Distinction of source types is investigated here using proportions of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD. The relative volatilization of DDT compounds can be accurately described by their subcooled liquid vapor pressures (PO; e.g., (p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE)AIR = (p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE)son. x PL, (DDT)/P-L,P-DDE. Using this model, the expected proportions in air due to volatilization from technical DDT and from soils in Canada, the U.S.A. and Mexico were estimated and expressed as the fractions F-DDTE = p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + P,P'-DDE), F-DDTO = p,p1-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + o,p'-DDT), and FDDTD = p,p1-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + p,p1-DDD). FDDTE, FDDTO and FDDTD predicted from soil emissions were compared to compound fractions in ambient air sampled at the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) of stations on the Great Lakes between Canada and the U.S.A., and at arctic monitoring stations. FDDTE in air at IADN stations on lakes Erie, Ontario, Michigan and Huron were lower than in technical DDT vapor. This is consistent with emissions of aged residues from agricultural land and urban centers near these lakes. By comparison, FDDTE values were higher at stations on Lake Superior where atmospheric DDT is likely due to long-range transport rather than regional soil emissions. FDDTE increased from the early 1990s to 2005 at the Lake Superior stations and at the Canadian arctic station Alert between 2002-2005, whereas a significant decline in FDDTE was observed at the Norwegian arctic station Zeppelin Mountain. The mean FDDTO in air at IADN stations were consistent with either soil emissions or technical DDT composition, but annual values showed significant downward trends at two Canadian stations, and also decreased with time at Zeppelin Mountain (but not at Alert). These trends might signify contribution from dicofol-type DDT sources, which have a lower FDDTO than technical DDT or soil emissions, or preferential degradation of p,p'-DDT vs. o,p'-DDT over time. FDDTD in air at IADN stations were lower than in technical DDT vapor, showing the influence of soil sources. The enantiomer proportions of the chiral compounds o,p'-DDT and o,p1-DDD were nonracemic in some soils and ambient air, but enantiospecific analysis has not been done for IADN air samples. It is suggested that isomer, parent/metabolite and enantiomer composition information be incorporated into air monitoring programs to help identify sources.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Endesfelder, David, et al.
(author)
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RENEB/EURADOS field exercise 2019 : robust dose estimation under outdoor conditions based on the dicentric chromosome assay
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 97:9, s. 1181-1198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Biological and/or physical assays for retrospective dosimetry are valuable tools to recover the exposure situation and to aid medical decision making. To further validate and improve such biological and physical assays, in 2019, EURADOS Working Group 10 and RENEB performed a field exercise in Lund, Sweden, to simulate various real-life exposure scenarios.Materials and methods: For the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), blood tubes were located at anthropomorphic phantoms positioned in different geometries and were irradiated with a 1.36 TBq 192Ir-source. For each exposure condition, dose estimates were provided by at least one laboratory and for four conditions by 17 participating RENEB laboratories. Three radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeters were placed at each tube to assess reference doses.Results: The DCA results were homogeneous between participants and matched well with the reference doses (≥95% of estimates within ±0.5 Gy of the reference). For samples close to the source systematic underestimation could be corrected by accounting for exposure time. Heterogeneity within and between tubes was detected for reference doses as well as for DCA doses estimates.Conclusions: The participants were able to successfully estimate the doses and to provide important information on the exposure scenarios under conditions closely resembling a real-life situation.
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| 11. |
- Engel, Friederike G., et al.
(author)
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Mussel beds are biological power stations on intertidal flats
- 2017
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In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 191, s. 21-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intertidal flats are highly productive areas that support large numbers of invertebrates, fish, and birds. Benthic diatoms are essential for the function of tidal flats. They fuel the benthic food web by forming a thin photosynthesizing compartment in the top-layer of the sediment that stretches over the vast sediment flats during low tide. However, the abundance and function of the diatom film is not homogenously distributed. Recently, we have realized the importance of bivalve reefs for structuring intertidal ecosystems; by creating structures on the intertidal flats they provide habitat, reduce hydrodynamic stress and modify the surrounding sediment conditions, which promote the abundance of associated organisms. Accordingly, field studies show that high chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment co-vary with the presence of mussel beds. Here we present conclusive evidence by a manipulative experiment that mussels increase the local biomass of benthic microalgae; and relate this to increasing biomass of microalgae as well as productivity of the biofilm across a nearby mussel bed. Our results show that the ecosystem engineering properties of mussel beds transform them into hot spots for primary production on tidal flats, highlighting the importance of biological control of sedimentary systems.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Mohanty, P. S., et al.
(author)
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Dielectric spectroscopy of ionic microgel suspensions
- 2016
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In: Soft Matter. - 1744-683X. ; 12:48, s. 9705-9727
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The determination of the net charge and size of microgel particles as a function of their concentration, as well as the degree of association of ions to the microgel backbone, has been pursued in earlier studies mainly by scattering and rheology. These methods suffer from contributions due to inter-particle interactions that interfere with the characterization of single-particle properties. Here we introduce dielectric spectroscopy as an alternative experimental method to characterize microgel systems. The advantage of dielectric spectroscopy over other experimental methods is that the polarization due to mobile charges within a microgel particle is only weakly affected by inter-particle interactions. Apart from electrode polarization effects, experimental spectra on PNIPAM-co-AA [poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)] ionic microgel particles suspended in de-ionized water exhibit three well-separated relaxation modes, which are due to the polarization of the mobile charges within the microgel particles, the diffuse double layer around the particles, and the polymer backbone. Expressions for the full frequency dependence of the electrode-polarization contribution to the measured dielectric response are derived, and a theory is proposed for the polarization resulting from the mobile charges within the microgel. Relaxation of the diffuse double layer is modeled within the realm of a cell model. The net charge and the size of the microgel particles are found to be strongly varying with concentration. A very small value of the diffusion coefficient of ions within the microgel is found, due to a large degree of chemical association of protons to the polymer backbone.
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| 14. |
- Romm, Horst, et al.
(author)
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Web based scoring is useful for validation and harmonisation of scoring criteria within RENEB
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 93:1, s. 110-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To establish a training data set of digital images and to investigate the scoring criteria and dose assessment of the dicentric assay within the European network of biodosimetry (RENEB), a web based scoring inter-comparison was undertaken by 17 RENEB partners. Materials and methods: Two sets of 50 high resolution images were uploaded onto the RENEB web site. One set included metaphases after a moderate exposure (1.3 Gy) and the other set consisted of metaphases after a high dose exposure (3.5 Gy). The laboratories used their own calibration curves for estimating doses based on observed aberration frequencies. Results: The dose estimations and 95% confidence limits were compared to the actual doses and the corresponding z-values were satisfactory for the majority; only the dose estimations from two laboratories were too low or too high. The coefficients of variation were 17.6% for the moderate and 11.2% for the high dose. Metaphases with controversial results could be identified for training purposes. Conclusions: Overall, the web based scoring of the two galleries by the 17 laboratories produced very good results. Application of web based scoring for the dicentric assay may therefore be a relevant strategy for an operational biodosimetry assistance network.
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