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- Kärrman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Återvinning av fosfor från avloppsvatten och slam till produkter : slutrapport
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish project P-to-Product focused on developing and adapting methods to promote recirculation of phosphorus (P) products extracted from sewage and sewage sludge. The project consisted of three work packages: 1) market introduction, 2) environmental impacts and 3) agricultural requirements. In wp 1 opportunities and barriers were identified and policy recommendations developed. This was done through interviews, surveys and workshops with stakeholders from sewage utilities, innovation companies, the fertilizer industry, the federation of Swedish farmers and national authorities. In wp 2 a simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was developed focused on nutrient recycling, global warming potential and energy use. In addition to this a chemical checkpoint was formulated with chemical analysis of a wide range of pollutants. For the development of methods in wp 2, granulated or pelleted nutrient products from the companies EkoBalans (a struvite based product with nitrogen and potassium added) and Outotec (a P-product with origin from incinerated sewage sludge) were used as case products. These products were also used in wp 3 where physical properties were evaluated and spreading tests were executed using existing machinery. The project provided a useful set of methods which soon will be complemented with methods to assess plant nutrient efficiency.
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- Löfkvist, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Spridningsmetodik för biologiska nyttodjur i jordgubbsodling
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spridning av kvalster på friland går att göra tids- och kostnadseffektivt om man använder sig av rätt metoder. Maskinell spridning av kvalster är framförallt helt överlägsen då det gäller en jämn spridning i raden vilket är viktigt för så optimal effekt som möjligt. De maskiner som inom detta projekt har utvärderats är pneumatiska fallspridare och spridare med roterande doseringstrummor Rovkvalstrens vitalitet påverkades inte av de testade maskinernas utmatningssystem. Med rätt val av utmatningsvals, spridarramp och spridarorgan kunde spridningen av kvalstren i dess bärmaterial göras jämn både i arbetsbredd, körriktning och över tid. En maskinell spridning jämfört med manuell spridning har hög kapacitet och är arbetsbesparande vilket gör den kostandseffektiv. Spridningsjämnheten blir dessutom betydligt jämnare än manuell spridning. Det finns därför mycket goda förutsättningar för att öka användningen a exempelvis Neoseiulus cucumeris inom jordgubbsodling på friland.
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- Persson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an optical sensor for tuber yield monitoring
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Asae. - 0001-2351. ; 47:5, s. 1851-1856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensor for monitoring the yield of tubers was tested in the laboratory and in the field. The laboratory test was designed to investigate whether the sensor varied in its measurements of tuber size, whether the recorded size differed within the width of the sensor, and whether tilting of the sensor affected the result. The test objects were spheres, and measurements were carried out on three different sizes. A statistical analysis showed how the sensor measured the sizes for the different combinations of size, position, and inclination. In the field, a harvester-mounted sensor was used to monitor yield of Bintje potatoes in terms of tuber size and weight. The results obtained were compared with those from mechanical load-cell measurements. An expression relating tuber size to weight was determined. Plot-harvesting tubers provided data for evaluation of tuber size in relation to yield. The results showed that the errors in size determination by the sensor were in the order of 1% to 2%. Different size classes were well differentiated. Some differences were noted for object position and sensor inclination. Field tests showed that the mean deviation from measured weight was about 1%. It was concluded that sensor errors were small and that the sensor could discriminate between different sizes for the spheres used in the study. In the field, the sensor worked with good consistency and is a potential option for tuber yield monitoring.
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- Rodhe, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Gödsling med fosfor från slam – fysikaliska egenskaper och spridningsjämnhet
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When developing new types of fertilizers, it is important that they have chemical and physical properties that enable good spreading precision with machine types available on the market, otherwise the products will not be used.This study included two phosphorus products made from different phosphorus extraction techniques: 1) granules (EkoBalans) consisting mainly of struvite, precipitated from drainage reject water from wastewater treatment plants, with addition of ammonium sulphate and potassium chloride, and 2) pellets (Outotec) consisting of ASH DEC P-fertilizer product made of ash from incinerated sludge. Comparisons of these products were conducted with current market fertilizer products Axan (granules) and Biofer (pellets).Physical properties of the phosphorus products and the market products were determined in terms of grain size, dimensions (pellets), strength, flow properties and bulk density. Even simpler field techniques for determining grain size and strength were used during the spreading tests.Spreader tests were conducted in the field to evaluate spreading patterns using a centrifugal spreader, one of the most common fertilizer spreaders in agriculture. Test equipment used for field testing fertilizer spreaders was used. Trays were placed in rows perpendicular to the tramline to collect the fertilizer granules over the full swath width while passing with the spreader. The contents of each tray were collected and measured to obtain scatter figures from which the spreading evenness was calculated at different effective swath widths.The general conclusion was that both tested products were spreadable with today's centrifugal spreader. However, granules performed better than pellets mainly probably because the granules had a higher mass flow, which reduces the risk of vault formation and stops in the discharge.Both commercial products, Axan and Biofer were more "homogeneous" in size than the products of recycled phosphorus. The strength of the granules from EkoBalans was almost as good as for the market product. The phosphorus pellets from Outotec and EkoBalans also had good strength, while the commercial Biofer pellets were easily broken. The Outotec pellets had the greatest mass flow, partly because their high density. There was no major difference in mass flow between the commercial Axan and EkoBalans’ recycled phosphorus granules. The granules from EkoBalans had a lower bulk density than the reference fertilizer and relatively low phosphorus concentration, which meant a high dosage (mass, volume) to spread 22 kg P/ha. Some recommended dosages can thus be greater than the current spreaders can handle.Spreading EkoBalans’ granules and Outotec's pellets with an effective swath width of 24 meter should not be a problem, and even 36 meters should be possible. However, spreader tests in the field should also optimize the spreader so that acceptable spreading uniformity is achieved at the desired working width. Fertilizers with low density and/or low plant nutrient content can result in low spreading capacity. Light granules or pellets also increase wind sensitivity when spreading.In order to get a new product on the fertilizer market, it is important that current setting recommendations for the spreaders are available. Testing of the product should also be done continuously to ensure quality over time. A test bed with stationary, automated test equipment to determine physical properties as well as to develop P setting recommendations for spreaders would increase the possibilities of getting products on the market.Key words: Fertilizer, recycled phosphorus, granules, pellets, physical properties, spreading tests, spreading evenness
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