| 1. |
- Micah, Angela E., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 398:10308, s. 1317-1343
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Afan, Haitham Abdulmohsin, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal and Hydraulic Performances of Carbon and Metallic Oxides-Based Nanomaterials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For companies, notably in the realms of energy and power supply, the essential requirement for highly efficient thermal transport solutions has become a serious concern. Current research highlighted the use of metallic oxides and carbon-based nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. This work examined two carbon forms (PEG@GNPs & PEG@TGr) and two types of metallic oxides (Al2O3 & SiO2) in a square heated pipe in the mass fraction of 0.1 wt.%. Laboratory conditions were as follows: 6401 ≤ Re ≤ 11,907 and wall heat flux = 11,205 W/m2. The effective thermal–physical and heat transfer properties were assessed for fully developed turbulent fluid flow at 20–60 °C. The thermal and hydraulic performances of nanofluids were rated in terms of pumping power, performance index (PI), and performance evaluation criteria (PEC). The heat transfer coefficients of the nanofluids improved the most: PEG@GNPs = 44.4%, PEG@TGr = 41.2%, Al2O3 = 22.5%, and SiO2 = 24%. Meanwhile, the highest augmentation in the Nu of the nanofluids was as follows: PEG@GNPs = 35%, PEG@TGr = 30.1%, Al2O3 = 20.6%, and SiO2 = 21.9%. The pressure loss and friction factor increased the highest, by 20.8–23.7% and 3.57–3.85%, respectively. In the end, the general performance of nanofluids has shown that they would be a good alternative to the traditional working fluids in heat transfer requests.
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| 7. |
- Ali, Qasim, et al.
(författare)
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Drought tolerance potential of Vigna mungo L. lines as deciphered by modulated growth, antioxidant defense, and nutrient acquisition patterns
- 2016
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Ingår i: Revista Brasileira de Botânica. - : Springer. - 0100-8404 .- 1806-9959. ; 39:3, s. 801-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water shortage is one of the major environmental constraints that hamper the crop productivity worldwide. The present study was aimed to examine the drought tolerance potential of seven cultivars/lines of Vigna mungo L. depending upon their germination behavior, seedling growth, antioxidative defense mechanism, and nutrient acquisition. An experiment was conducted in the growth chamber using petri-plates and laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Hoagland's nutrient solution supplemented with 12 % PEG-8000 (drought treatment) or without PEG-800 (control) was used. Drought stress significantly altered the germination attributes as well as biomass production of all the studied cultivars/lines. Least adversative effects of drought stress were recorded in lines M-01001-1 and M-6036-21, respectively. The studied cultivars/lines exhibited differential response for various biochemical attributes under drought stress. The maximum increase in MDA and SOD activities and protein content was recorded in line M-603621, while the maximum AsA was recorded in line M-01001-1. Drought stress resulted in a significant reduction of plant N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents, while the plant iron (Fe) contents remained unaffected. Results revealed that cultivars/lines M-01001-1 and M-6036-21 exhibited enhanced performance in terms of nutrient acquisition when stressed by drought. Based upon seed germination behavior, plant biomass production, biochemical attributes and mineral elements, the cultivars/lines M-01001-1 and M-6036-21 were identified as drought tolerant, while M-97 and Arroj-II were identified as drought sensitive.
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| 8. |
- Ali, T., et al.
(författare)
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A Machine Learning Architecture Replacing Heavy Instrumented Laboratory Tests : In Application to the Pullout Capacity of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soils
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 22:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For economical and sustainable benefits, conventional retaining walls are being replaced by geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS). However, for safety and quality assurance purposes, prior tests of pullout capacities of these materials need to be performed. Conventionally, these tests are conducted in a laboratory with heavy instruments. These tests are time-consuming, require hard labor, are prone to error, and are expensive as a special pullout machine is required to perform the tests and acquire the data by using a lot of sensors and data loggers. This paper proposes a data-driven machine learning architecture (MLA) to predict the pullout capacity of GRS in a diverse environment. The results from MLA are compared with actual laboratory pullout capacity tests. Various input variables are considered for training and testing the neural network. These input parameters include the soil physical conditions based on water content and external loading applied. The soil used is a locally available weathered granite soil. The input data included normal stress, soil saturation, displacement, and soil unit weight whereas the output data contains information about the pullout strength. The data used was obtained from an actual pullout capacity test performed in the laboratory. The laboratory test is performed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 6706-01 with little modification. This research shows that by using machine learning, the same pullout resistance of a geosynthetic reinforced soil can be achieved as in laboratory testing, thus saving a lot of time, effort, and money. Feedforward backpropagation neural networks with a different number of neurons, algorithms, and hidden layers have been examined. The comparison of the Bayesian regularization learning algorithm with two hidden layers and 12 neurons each showed the minimum mean square error (MSE) of 3.02 × 10−5 for both training and testing. The maximum coefficient of regression (R) for the testing set is 0.999 and the training set is 0.999 for the prediction interval of 99%.
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| 9. |
- Iqbal, Javed, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Single-Fed Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Sub-6GHz Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research article, a single-fed dual-band circular polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for dual-function communication, such as GPS and WLAN, was made. Initially, the proposed design process was initiated by designing a linearly polarized singly fed-DRA. To attain CP fields, the cross-shape conformal metal strip was optimized to excite the fundamental and the high-order mode in the two frequency bands. The metallic strip (parasitic) was utilized on top of the rectangular DRA to improve and widen the impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. This step led to a 2.73% improvement on the lower band and an impact of 6.5% on the upper band while on the other side a significant improvement was witnessed in the AR bandwidth in both frequency bands. A prototype was designed and fabricated in order to validate its operations. The measurement outcomes of the proposed antennas authenticated wideband impedance bandwidths of 6.4% and 25.26%, and 3-dB axial ratios (AR) of 21.26% and 27.82% respectively. The prototype is a decent candidate for a global positioning system (GPS) and wireless local area network (WLAN).
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| 10. |
- Kazmi, Bilal, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic and economic assessment of cyano functionalized anion based ionic liquid for CO2 removal from natural gas integrated with, single mixed refrigerant liquefaction process for clean energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Pergamon Press. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study proposes a novel integrated process in which ionic liquid is utilized to control carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the natural gas combined with a single mixed refrigerant-based liquefaction process to assist safe transportation over long distances providing a sustainable and cleaner energy. Commercially amines are utilized for CO2 sequestration, but amines entail energy-intensive regeneration with elevated process costs. The present study offers a solvent screening mechanism based on important parameters such as heat of dissolution, viscosity, selectivity, working capacity, vapor pressure, corrosivity, and toxicity. The selected solvents' performance is computed by sensitivity analysis suggesting imidazolium-based cation 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium[Hmim] functionalized with tricyanomethanide(tcm) as anion a potential natural gas sweetening solvent in comparison with commercially used solvent monoethanoloamine(MEA), conventional ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexa-fluorophosphate [Bmim][Pf(6)] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [Bmim][MeSO4]. The obtained sweet gas is liquefied using a single mixed refrigerant-based process providing 0.99 mol fraction of liquefied CH4 with less overall specific compression power requirement of 0.41 kW/kg of natural gas. Moreover, an exergy analysis demonstrates that the [Hmim][tcm] based process has lower total exergy destruction of 7.49 x 10(3) kW and is found to utilize less overall specific energy consumption 0.49 kWh/kg of NG in contrast to other studied solvents. Furthermore, a detailed economic analysis establishes [Hmim][tcm]-based CO2 integrated with liquefaction technology offers 50.7%, 74.4%, and 85.8% of total annualized cost (TAC) savings compared with the MEA-amim][Pf(6)]-, and [Bmim][MeSO4], respectively. Hence, [Hmim][tcm] for CO2 removal and integration with liquefaction process will incur unit cost based on the total annualized cost to be $2.2 x 10(4)/kmol of purified NG.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Minhaj, Syed Usama, et al.
(författare)
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How SIC-enabled LoRa Fares under Imperfect Orthogonality?
- 2021
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Ingår i: IWCMC 2021. - : IEEE. - 9781728186160 ; , s. 729-734
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increase of connected Internet-of-things (IoT) devices, the need for low-power wide-area networks (LP-WANs) is imminent, and LoRaWAN is one such technology that offers an elegant solution to the problem of long-range communication and battery consumption. A parameter of special interest in LoRaWAN is the spreading factor (SF), and it is often assumed that communication between different SFs is independent of each other. However, this claim has been practically debunked by many works, proving that SFs have imperfect orthogonality. To maximize connectivity and throughput, several techniques have been introduced, such as non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) and dynamic resource allocation. NOMA is getting a lot of attention recently, especially for IoT networks, because it embraces interference and tries to obtain desired information packets from corrupted ones. Furthermore, NOMA can be easily implemented on the base-station side by using the principle of successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this paper, we investigate how SIC, under the assumption of imperfect orthogonality of SF channels, can be used to increase the performance of the system. We find the expressions for success and coverage probability considering various SF allocation schemes and found the most efficient scheme for different scenarios.
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| 13. |
- Minhaj, Syed Usama, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent Resource Allocation in LoRaWAN Using Machine Learning Techniques
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 10092-10106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the ubiquitous growth of Internet-of-things (IoT) devices, current low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies will inevitably face performance degradation due to congestion and interference. The rule-based approaches to assign and adapt the device parameters are insufficient in dynamic massive IoT scenarios. For example, the adaptive data rate (ADR) algorithm in LoRaWAN has been proven inefficient and outdated for large-scale IoT networks. Meanwhile, new solutions involving machine learning (ML) and reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are shown to be very effective in solving resource allocation in dense IoT networks. In this article, we propose a new concept of using two independent learning approaches for allocating spreading factor (SF) and transmission power to the devices using a combination of a decentralized and centralized approach. SF is allocated to the devices using RL for contextual bandit problem, while transmission power is assigned centrally by treating it as a supervised ML problem. We compare our approach with existing state-of-the-art algorithms, showing a significant improvement in both network level goodput and energy consumption, especially for large and highly congested networks.
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| 14. |
- Abid, Nosheen, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Burnt Forest Estimation from Sentinel-2 Imagery of Australia using Unsupervised Deep Learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing: Technqiues and Applications (DICTA). - : IEEE. ; , s. 74-81
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive wildfires not only in Australia, but also worldwide are burning millions of hectares of forests and green land affecting the social, ecological, and economical situation. Widely used indices-based threshold methods like Normalized Burned Ratio (NBR) require a huge amount of data preprocessing and are specific to the data capturing source. State-of-the-art deep learning models, on the other hand, are supervised and require domain experts knowledge for labeling the data in huge quantity. These limitations make the existing models difficult to be adaptable to new variations in the data and capturing sources. In this work, we have proposed an unsupervised deep learning based architecture to map the burnt regions of forests by learning features progressively. The model considers small patches of satellite imagery and classifies them into burnt and not burnt. These small patches are concatenated into binary masks to segment out the burnt region of the forests. The proposed system is composed of two modules: 1) a state-of-the-art deep learning architecture for feature extraction and 2) a clustering algorithm for the generation of pseudo labels to train the deep learning architecture. The proposed method is capable of learning the features progressively in an unsupervised fashion from the data with pseudo labels, reducing the exhausting efforts of data labeling that requires expert knowledge. We have used the realtime data of Sentinel-2 for training the model and mapping the burnt regions. The obtained F1-Score of 0.87 demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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| 15. |
- Al-Zuheri, Atiya, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the chemical Structure of the Iraqi Oil Shale and its hydrocarbon Forms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 10:1, s. 7-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global impact of shale oil has revolutionized the world’s energy markets, resulting in significantly lower oil prices, higher global gross domestic product, changing geopolitics and shifted business models for oil and gas companies. Further and developed research initiative is required to fill critical gaps in knowledge at the interface of shale oil development along with environmental protection, so countries can prepare better for its energy future. This paper explores the characterization of Iraqi originated oil shale using various analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrography (GC/MS). Based upon analytical results, it is found that the majority of chemical structure is in aliphatic hydrocarbon forms.
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| 16. |
- Buckley, Patrick G, et al.
(författare)
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A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarrayfor clinical and research applications
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:25, s. 3221-3229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
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| 17. |
- Farag, Mohamed A., et al.
(författare)
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Phytochemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activities of Allium cepa Red cv. and A. sativum Subjected to Different Drying Methods : A Comparative MS-Based Metabolomics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 22:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants of the Allium genus produce sulphur compounds that give them a characteristic (alliaceous) flavour and mediate for their medicinal use. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Allium cepa red cv. and A. sativum in the context of three different drying processes were assessed using metabolomics. Bulbs were dried using either microwave, air drying, or freeze drying and further subjected to chemical analysis of their composition of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Volatiles were collected using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with 42 identified volatiles including 30 sulphur compounds, four nitriles, three aromatics, and three esters. Profiling of the polar non-volatile metabolites via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution MS (UPLC/MS) annotated 51 metabolites including dipeptides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. Major peaks in GC/MS or UPLC/MS contributing to the discrimination between A. sativum and A. cepa red cv. were assigned to sulphur compounds and flavonoids. Whereas sulphur conjugates amounted to the major forms in A. sativum, flavonoids predominated in the chemical composition of A. cepa red cv. With regard to drying impact on Allium metabolites, notable and clear separations among specimens were revealed using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA scores plot of the UPLC/MS dataset showed closer metabolite composition of microwave dried specimens to freeze dried ones, and distant from air dried bulbs, observed in both A. cepa and A. sativum. Compared to GC/MS, the UPLC/MS derived PCA model was more consistent and better in assessing the impact of drying on Allium metabolism. A phthalate derivative was found exclusively in a commercial garlic preparation via GC/MS, of yet unknown origin. The freeze dried samples of both Allium species exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities compared to dried specimens with A. sativum being in general more active than A. cepa red cv.
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| 18. |
- Goralnick, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Defining a Research Agenda for Layperson Prehospital Hemorrhage Control A Consensus Statement
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2574-3805. ; 3:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Trauma is the leading cause of death for US individuals younger than 45 years, and uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of trauma mortality. The US military’s medical advancements in the field of prehospital hemorrhage control have reduced battlefield mortality by 44%. However, despite support from many national health care organizations, no integrated approach to research has been made regarding implementation, epidemiology, education, and logistics of prehospital hemorrhage control by layperson immediate responders in the civilian sector.Objective To create a national research agenda to help guide future work for prehospital hemorrhage control by laypersons.Evidence Review The 2-day, in-person, National Stop the Bleed (STB) Research Consensus Conference was conducted on February 27 to 28, 2019, to identify and achieve consensus on research gaps. Participants included (1) subject matter experts, (2) professional society–designated leaders, (3) representatives from the federal government, and (4) representatives from private foundations. Before the conference, participants were provided a scoping review on layperson prehospital hemorrhage control. A 3-round modified Delphi consensus process was conducted to determine high-priority research questions. The top items, with median rating of 8 or more on a Likert scale of 1 to 9 points, were identified and became part of the national STB research agenda.Findings Forty-five participants attended the conference. In round 1, participants submitted 487 research questions. After deduplication and sorting, 162 questions remained across 5 a priori–defined themes. Two subsequent rounds of rating generated consensus on 113 high-priority, 27 uncertain-priority, and 22 low-priority questions. The final prioritized research agenda included the top 24 questions, including 8 for epidemiology and effectiveness, 4 for materials, 9 for education, 2 for global health, and 1 for health policy.Conclusions and Relevance The National STB Research Consensus Conference identified and prioritized a national research agenda to support laypersons in reducing preventable deaths due to life-threatening hemorrhage. Investigators and funding agencies can use this agenda to guide their future work and funding priorities.
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| 19. |
- Halder, Bijay, et al.
(författare)
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Machine learning-based country-level annual air pollutants exploration using Sentinel-5P and Google Earth Engine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climatic condition is triggering human health emergencies and earth’s surface changes. Anthropogenic activities, such as built-up expansion, transportation development, industrial works, and some extreme phases, are the main reason for climate change and global warming. Air pollutants are increased gradually due to anthropogenic activities and triggering the earth’s health. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) are truthfully important for air quality measurement because those air pollutants are more harmful to the environment and human’s health. Earth observational Sentinel-5P is applied for monitoring the air pollutant and chemical conditions in the atmosphere from 2018 to 2021. The cloud computing-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform is applied for monitoring those air pollutants and chemical components in the atmosphere. The NO2 variation indicates high during the time because of the anthropogenic activities. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is also located high between two 1-month different maps. The 2020 and 2021 results indicate AQI change is high where 2018 and 2019 indicates low AQI throughout the year. The Kolkata have seven AQI monitoring station where high nitrogen dioxide recorded 102 (2018), 48 (2019), 26 (2020) and 98 (2021), where Delhi AQI stations recorded 99 (2018), 49 (2019), 37 (2020), and 107 (2021). Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, and Chennai recorded huge fluctuations of air pollutants during the study periods, where ~ 50–60% NO2 was recorded as high in the recent time. The AOD was noticed high in Uttar Pradesh in 2020. These results indicate that air pollutant investigation is much necessary for future planning and management otherwise; our planet earth is mostly affected by the anthropogenic and climatic conditions where maybe life does not exist.
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| 20. |
- Hassaan, Muhammad Umair, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Efficient Energy Transfer in Light Emissive Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Blend System
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 5:2, s. 607-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A polymer blend system F8(1-x):SYx based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) from the family of polyfluorenes (PFO) and a poly(para-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivative superyellow (SY) shows highly efficient energy transfer from F8 host to SY guest molecules. This has been realized due to a strong overlap between F8 photoemission and SY photoabsorption spectra and negligibly low self-absorption. The steady-state and time-correlated spectroscopic measurements show an increased photo-luminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and lifetime (tau) of SY, with an opposite trend of decreasing PLQE and tau of F8 excitons with increasing SY concentration, suggesting the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to be the main decay pathway in the proposed system. The systematic study of the exciton dynamics shows a complete energy transfer at 10% of SY in the F8 host matrix and a Forster radius of similar to 6.3 nm. The polymer blend system exhibits low laser and amplified spontaneous emission thresholds. An ultrahigh efficiency (27 cd.A(-1)) in F8(1-x):SYx based light emitting diodes (LED) has been realized due to the intrinsic property of a well-balanced charge transport within the emissive layer. The dual pathway, that is, the efficient energy transfer between the blended molecules via resonance energy transfer, and the charge-traps-assisted balanced transport makes the system promising for achieving highly efficient devices and a potential candidate for lasing applications.
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| 21. |
- Hussain, Sadique, et al.
(författare)
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Non-coding RNA : A key regulator in the Glutathione-GPX4 pathway of ferroptosis
- 2024
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Ingår i: NON-CODING RNA RESEARCH. - : Elsevier. - 2468-2160 .- 2468-0540. ; 9:4, s. 1222-1234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving ferroptosis. GPX4, as the principal orchestrator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention across cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience domains over the past decade. Noteworthy investigations have elucidated the indispensable functions of ferroptosis in numerous diseases, including tumorigenesis, wherein robust ferroptosis within cells can impede tumor advancement. Recent research has underscored the complex regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the GSH-GPX4 network, thus influencing cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. This exhaustive review endeavors to probe into the multifaceted processes by which ncRNAs control the GSH-GPX4 network in ferroptosis. Specifically, we delve into the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating GPX4 expression and impacting cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated interactions between ncRNAs and GPX4 in several conditions, underscoring their capacity as viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies aimed at targeting ncRNAs to modulate the GSHGPX4 pathway and manipulate ferroptosis for therapeutic advantage. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate regulatory networks furnishes insights into innovative therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with perturbed ferroptosis, thereby laying the groundwork for therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs in ferroptosis-related pathological conditions.
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| 22. |
- Hussein, Haider Mashkoor, et al.
(författare)
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Toxic Contamination, Distribution of Trace Metals Elements in Some Crops and Land along the ALGhatara River for Al-Shafieiah District, Al-Diwaniyah Governorate
- 2021
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Ingår i: First International Virtual Conference on Environment & Natural Resources. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants are important toxicity markers as well as important foods for both humans and animals, so this analysis aimed to identify trace element contaminants in some of the ALGhatara River water, and the soil and plant life in the district of Al-Shafieiah on both sides of the river. There was nickel in the soil, and the nickel concentration was 3.46 mg/L, so the concentration of nickel in irrigation water was 315 mg/L. switch to a higher value of 105 As compared The World Health Organisation (WHO) was called into being as a result. criteria, the degree of quality of some elements in the surface layer of soil surpassed the WHO's guidelines, although at the same time, the concentration rate of most of the elements in the soil's surface layer was higher in the majority of botanicial Sample, The limit is 1.057, 1. 374, 1. 765, 1. 594 mg/kg for both Parsley, Onions, Barley and Alfalfa, respectively, so increased consumption of these contaminated plants before society may cause health problems in the future.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kocarnik, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jama Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 8:3, s. 420-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3%(95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9%(95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4%(1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7%(4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and YDALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Qureshi, Abdul Sattar, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit waste to energy through open fermentation
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 904-909
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to examine the nonsterilized fermentation conditions for coproduction of pectinases and lipase enzymes using several fruit wastes as an energy source. Thermophilic fungal strain, Penicillium expansum CM,1 39671 was used as a fermenting strain. The effect of process conditions including; nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, time and moisture contents, on the production of both enzymes were studied. The highest activities of pectinase and lipase (2817, 1870 U/g dry substrate) enzymes were found with orange peel feedstock, whereas the lowest activities of 1662 U/g and 1266 U/g were found with banana peel and papaya peel feedstocks respectively. Overall, pectinase showed higher enzymatic activities than lipase enzymes, both having similar increasing and decreasing trends, at all studied conditions. The optimum process conditions of peptone as a nitrogen source, pH 7, 40 degrees C, 5 days and 70% moisture contents, were found to show highest enzymatic activities for both enzymes. The orange peel feedstock showed no significant difference in both enzymes' activities at sterilized and nonnotarized process conditions. Pectinase and lipase enzymes showed (13791 U/g) and (8114 U/g) for sterilized and (14091 U/g) and (8324 U/g) for nonnotarized process conditions respectively. In addition, the fungal strains also produce bacteriocin-like compounds that could inhibit microbial growth. These findings will help to design and develop robust, cost-effective and less energy intensive enzyme production processes and consequently an efficient fruit waste to energy system through open fermentation. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo, et al.
(författare)
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Individualized prediction models in ADHD : a systematic review and meta-regression
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been increasing efforts to develop prediction models supporting personalised detection, prediction, or treatment of ADHD. We overviewed the current status of prediction science in ADHD by: (1) systematically reviewing and appraising available prediction models; (2) quantitatively assessing factors impacting the performance of published models. We did a PRISMA/CHARMS/TRIPOD-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023387502), searching, until 20/12/2023, studies reporting internally and/or externally validated diagnostic/prognostic/treatment-response prediction models in ADHD. Using meta-regressions, we explored the impact of factors affecting the area under the curve (AUC) of the models. We assessed the study risk of bias with the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). From 7764 identified records, 100 prediction models were included (88% diagnostic, 5% prognostic, and 7% treatment-response). Of these, 96% and 7% were internally and externally validated, respectively. None was implemented in clinical practice. Only 8% of the models were deemed at low risk of bias; 67% were considered at high risk of bias. Clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive predictors were used in 35%, 31%, and 27% of the studies, respectively. The performance of ADHD prediction models was increased in those models including, compared to those models not including, clinical predictors (β = 6.54, p = 0.007). Type of validation, age range, type of model, number of predictors, study quality, and other type of predictors did not alter the AUC. Several prediction models have been developed to support the diagnosis of ADHD. However, efforts to predict outcomes or treatment response have been limited, and none of the available models is ready for implementation into clinical practice. The use of clinical predictors, which may be combined with other type of predictors, seems to improve the performance of the models. A new generation of research should address these gaps by conducting high quality, replicable, and externally validated models, followed by implementation research.
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| 30. |
- Shahzad, ., et al.
(författare)
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RS-RLNC : A Reinforcement Learning-Based Selective Random Linear Network Coding Framework for Tactile Internet
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 141277-141288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tactile Internet (TI) has very stringent networking requirements and the transport layer plays a crucial role in meeting these requirements. However, the transport layer has several inherent limitations (e.g., bufferbloat, incast issue, and head of line blocking) due to which the performance of the current transport layer solutions is not optimal. We advocate replacing the “store-and-forward” strategy in transport layer solutions with the “compute-and-forward” strategy. One way to implement the “compute-and-forward” strategy is random linear network coding (RLNC). This paper proposes a learning-based RLNC framework called RS-RLNC that utilizes network and receiver feedback to optimally select between block-RLNC and sliding-RLNC to improve overall network performance. We present a simulation-based performance evaluation of current transport layer solutions against the state-of-the-art RLNC and RS-RLNC in terms of throughput, latency, and decoding complexity. Delay is reduced by a factor of 8.5% and decoding complexity is improved up to 20% compared to the state-of-the-art. Simulation results indicate that RS-RLNC has the potential to meet the stringent requirements of TI applications. Additionally, we present three future directions outlining the evolution of RS-RLNC to enhance the transport layer for TI compatibility.
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| 31. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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