| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for particles decaying into a Z boson and a photon in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 641:6, s. 415-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a search for a new particle X produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s- = 1.96 TeV and subsequently decaying to Z gamma. The search uses 0.3 fb(-1) of data collected with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We set limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction sigma(p (p) over bar -> X) x B(X -> Z gamma) that range from 0.4 to 3.5 pb at the 95% C.L. for X with invariant masses between 100 and 1000 GeV/c(2), over a wide range of X decay widths.
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| 5. |
- Charman, D. J., et al.
(författare)
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Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4189. ; 10:2, s. 929-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declined over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands in a warmer future.
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| 6. |
- Rijal, Dilli P., et al.
(författare)
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Sedimentary ancient DNA shows terrestrial plant richness continuously increased over the Holocene in northern Fennoscandia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of climate change on species richness are debated but can be informed by the past. Here, we generated a sedimentary ancient DNA dataset covering 10 lakes and applied novel methods for data harmonization. We assessed the impact of Holocene climate changes and nutrients on terrestrial plant richness in northern Fennoscandia. We find that richness increased steeply during the rapidly warming Early Holocene. In contrast to findings from most pollen studies, we show that richness continued to increase thereafter, although the climate was stable, with richness and the regional species pool only stabilizing during the past three millennia. Furthermore, overall increases in richness were greater in catchments with higher soil nutrient availability. We suggest that richness will increase with ongoing warming, especially at localities with high nutrient availability and assuming that human activity remains low in the region, although lags of millennia may be expected.
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| 15. |
- de Zegher, F, et al.
(författare)
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Androgens and fetal growth
- 1998
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 50:4, s. 243-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boys are heavier than girls at term birth. Children with a 46,XY karyotype and androgen insensitivity syndrome (clinically complete form and/or proven mutations in the androgen receptor gene) were found to have a birth weight comparable to that of girls. These findings support the hypothesis that the difference in birth weight between boys and girls is generated by androgen action.
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| 16. |
- Farrugia, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects in the Near-Magnetopause Magnetosheath Elicited by Large-Amplitube Alfvenic Fluctuations Terminating in a Field and Flow Discontinuity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 123:11, s. 8983-9004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report on a sequence of large-amplitude Alfvenic fluctuations terminating in a field and flow discontinuity and their effects on electromagnetic fields and plasmas in the near-magnetopause magnetosheath. An arc-polarized structure in the magnetic field was observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms-C in the solar wind, indicative of nonlinear Alfven waves. It ends with a combined tangential discontinuity/vortex sheet, which is strongly inclined to the ecliptic plane and at which there is a sharp rise in the density and a drop in temperature. Several effects resulting from this structure were observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath close to the subsolar point (11:30 magnetic local time) and somewhat south of the geomagnetic equator (-33 degrees magnetic latitude): (i) kinetic Alfven waves; (ii) a peaking of the electric and magnetic field strengths where E . J becomes strong and negative (-1 nW/m(3)) just prior to an abrupt dropout of the fields; (iii) evolution in the pitch angle distribution of energetic (a few tens of kilo-electron-volts) ions (H+, Hen+, and On+) and electrons inside a high-density region, which we attribute to gyrosounding of the tangential discontinuity/vortex sheet structure passing by the spacecraft; (iv) field-aligned acceleration of ions and electrons that could be associated with localized magnetosheath reconnection inside the high-density region; and (v) variable and strong flow changes, which we argue to be unrelated to reconnection at partial magnetopause crossings and likely result from deflections of magnetosheath flow by a locally deformed, oscillating magnetopause.
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| 17. |
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of energy spectra from high dose rate 192Ir sources with a compton scattering spectrometer
- 1994
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Ingår i: Measurement assurance in dosimetry. - 9201001940 ; , s. 289-297
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Compton scattering spectrometer has been used for spectral measurement of high dose rate (HDR) 192Ir sources. On the basis of the Compton formula a measured distribution of scattered photons is used for the calculation of the primary spectrum leaving the source. The two main reasons for measuring the photon energy distribution from such HDR sources are, firstly, to obtain accurate input for Monte Carlo calculations of the dose distribution and, secondly, to calibrate ionization chambers. The lack of spectral information causes calibration laboratories great difficulties in such work. A third possible reason concerns quality assurance with respect to source impurities, etc. The measured spectrum shows good agreement with the spectrum expected from theoretical considerations.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nordmark, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Association of EBF1, FAM167A(C8orf13)-BLK and TNFSF4 gene variants with primary Sjögren's syndrome
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 12:2, s. 100-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a candidate gene association study in 540 patients with primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) from Sweden (n=344) and Norway (n=196) and 532 controls (n=319 Swedish, n=213 Norwegian). A total of 1139 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 84 genes were analyzed. In the meta-analysis of the Swedish and Norwegian cohorts, we found high signals for association between primary SS and SNPs in three gene loci, not previously associated with primary SS. These are the early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) gene, P=9.9 × 10−5, OR 1.68, the family with sequence similarity 167 member A–B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (FAM167A–BLK) locus, P=4.7 × 10−4, OR 1.37 and the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF4=Ox40L) gene, P=7.4 × 10−4, OR 1.34. We also confirmed the association between primary SS and the IRF5/TNPO3 locus and the STAT4 gene. We found no association between the SNPs in these five genes and the presence of anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies. EBF1, BLK and TNFSF4 are all involved in B-cell differentiation and activation, and we conclude that polymorphisms in several susceptibility genes in the immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of primary SS.
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| 23. |
- Pettersson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of RNA- and DNA-based methods for measurable residual disease analysis in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. - : Wiley. - 1751-5521 .- 1751-553X. ; 43:4, s. 664-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is considered the method of choice for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MRD can also be determined with DNA-based methods offering certain advantages. We here compared the DNA-based methods quantitative PCR (qPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and targeted deep sequencing (deep seq) with RT-qPCR. Methods: Of 110 follow-up samples from 30 patients with NPM1-mutated AML were analyzed by qPCR, ddPCR, deep seq, and RT-qPCR. To select DNA MRD cutoffs for bone marrow, we performed receiver operating characteristic analyses for each DNA method using prognostically relevant RT-qPCR cutoffs. Results: The DNA-based methods showed strong intermethod correlation, but were less sensitive than RT-qPCR. A bone marrow cutoff at 0.1% leukemic DNA for qPCR or 0.05% variant allele frequency for ddPCR and deep seq offered optimal sensitivity and specificity with respect to 3 log(10) reduction of NPM1 transcripts and/or 2% mutant NPM1/ABL. With these cutoffs, MRD results agreed in 95% (191/201) of the analyses. Although more sensitive, RT-qPCR failed to detect leukemic signals in 10% of samples with detectable leukemic DNA. Conclusion: DNA-based MRD techniques may complement RT-qPCR for assessment of residual leukemia. DNA-based methods offer high positive and negative predictive values with respect to residual leukemic NPM1 transcripts at levels of importance for response to treatment. However, moving to DNA-based MRD methods will miss a proportion of patients with residual leukemic RNA, but on the other hand some MRD samples with detectable leukemic DNA can be devoid of measurable leukemic RNA.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Stenius, F., et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle factors and sensitization in children : the ALADDIN birth cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 66:10, s. 1330-1338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several cross-sectional studies indicate that an anthroposophic lifestyle reduces the risk of allergy in children. We initiated the Assessment of Lifestyle and Allergic Disease During Infancy (ALADDIN) birth cohort to elucidate the role of specific factors supposed to mediate this effect. The aims of this study are to describe the ALADDIN cohort and to report patterns of exposure and allergic sensitization during the first years of life. Methods: The ALADDIN study is a prospective birth cohort study of 330 children from families with an anthroposophic, partly anthroposophic, or nonanthroposophic lifestyle. The children and their parents were following an extensive data collection scheme, including repeated questionnaires and biological samples. Blood samples were collected from the parents and from the child at birth as well as at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Results: Several lifestyle factors differed between the groups, such as diet, medication, and place of delivery. Children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle had a markedly decreased risk of sensitization during the first 2 years of life compared with children of nonanthroposophic families with adjusted OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.10-0.64) and P-value 0.004. A similar situation held true for children from families with a partly anthroposophic lifestyle, adjusted OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.15-0.54), and P-value 0.002. Conclusions: The anthroposophic lifestyle comprises several factors of interest for allergy development and is here shown to be associated with reduced risk of IgE sensitization already in infancy. Identifying the factors responsible for this association would be of significant clinical importance.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Öquist, G., et al.
(författare)
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Chlorophyll a fluorescence an alternative method for estimating primary production
- 1982
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - 1230-7688. ; 68:1, s. 71-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence index (F+DcM u-F-DcMu/F+DcMU) of natural waters was compared to the 14C-determined primary production, and the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea (F + DCM~) was studied as a function of extracted and spectrophotometrically determined chlorophyll concentrations. Samples were taken every second week from May through October, 1979, at the station "Systrarna" situated in a coastal area of the Bottnian Sea. In addition, samples from the Archipelago Sea of the Baltic were collected on board the Finnish research vessel R/S "Aranda" during the September cruise 1979. The correlations between the fluorescence index and the 14C-determined primary production and between F+DcMu and total chlorophyll concentration were good when samples taken over short time intervals were compared. The shortcomings of both the fluorescence and the 14C methods are discussed. It is concluded that the fluorescence method is useful if it is desirable to follow with high time resolution any changes in the potential for photosynthesis (or pirmary production) in a water mass over relatively short time periods; e.g. during an algal bloom. The fluorescence method can furthermore be technically developed for automatic monitoring with a high time resolution. Efforts are being made in our laboratory to develop the method further to give information about the in situ rates of photosynthesis rather than the potential for photosynthesis in a phytoplankton population.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human prostate gland
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - 0270-4137. ; 44:3, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Calcitonin-related peptides have been found in the human prostate, and calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been demonstrated in subpopulations of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of CT and CGRP as well as the densities of NE cells in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP). METHODS: In 42 specimens of radical prostatectomy, the number of CT- and CGRP-immunoreactive NE cells in areas of normal and BPH tissue was determined, and compared with CAP tissue using immunocytochemistry. In addition, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), tissue levels of CT and CGRP were analyzed in extracts from areas of normal, BPH, and CAP tissue, as verified by adjacent histologic sections. RESULTS: A significant decrease in CT-immunoreactive NE cells was observed in hyperplastic nodules of BPH in comparison to normal tissue. These findings were in parallel with a significant reduction in tissue CT level in BPH compared to normal tissue. There was also a marked, but statistically nonsignificant, reduction in CT levels in CAP tissue. In contrast, levels of CGRP in BPH and CAP tissue did not show any significant differences compared to normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: CT and CGRP are present in NE cells of the human prostate. Calcitonin levels are significantly reduced in BPH, in parallel with a decreased number of CT-immunoreactive NE cells, whereas no significant changes in tissue levels of CGRP were observed. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
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| 33. |
- Alm, A., et al.
(författare)
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Caries in adolescence - influence from early childhood
- 2012
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 40:2, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse the relationship between caries determinants in early childhood and caries prevalence in proximal surfaces in adolescents at the age of 15 years. Methods: The present longitudinal study is part of a series of surveys of oral health in 671 children followed from 1 to 15 years of age. Data were selected from examinations, interviews and questionnaires at 1, 3 and 6 years and bitewing radiographs at 15 years of age. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify caries-related determinants. The outcome variable was carious lesions and fillings (DFa) in approximal tooth surfaces at 15 years of age. Statistical comparisons were made between caries-free teenagers, DFa = 0 and teenagers with DFa > 0, DFa 4 and DFa 8, respectively. Results: In the final logistic regression analyses, caries experience at 6 years and mother's self-estimation of her oral health care as being less good to poor remained statistically significant and were related to caries in all three caries groups (i.e. DF > 0, 4 and 8) at 15 years of age. The consumption of sweets at 1 year remained statistically significant, with a caries experience of DF 4 and 8. The variables 'parents born abroad' and female gender were statistically significantly associated with DFa 4 and DFa 8, respectively. Furthermore, infrequent toothbrushing habits at 3 years of age and failure to attend the examination at 1 year were statistically significantly associated with caries at 15 years in the univariable analyses. Conclusion: Early caries experience, consumption of sweets at an early age and mother's self-estimation of her oral health care as being less good to poor are associated with approximal caries in adolescents. The study indicates that caries determinants identified during early childhood have a strong impact on approximal caries in adolescence.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Alm, A, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring utility in glaucoma
- 2005
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Ingår i: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE. - 0146-0404. ; 46
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Oral hygiene and parent-related factors during early childhood in relation to approximal caries at 15 years of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 42:1, s. 28-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate whether oral hygiene habits and parent-related factors, recorded in early childhood, have a predictive value in relation to approximal caries experience (including initial caries lesions) at the age of 15 years (n = 568). Data were selected from examinations, interviews and questionnaires at 1 and 3 years and bitewing radiographs at 15 years. Four levels of cut-off points for the statistical analysis were used: DFa = 0, > 0, ≧4 and ≧8. In the final logistic regression analyses, mother’s self-estimation of her oral health care being less good remained statistically significant and predicted a caries experience of DFa > 0 at 15 years. The following four variables predicted DFa ≧4: (1) female gender, (2) plaque on maxillary incisors at 1 year, (3) mother’s self-estimation of her oral health care being less good and (4) father being less satisfied with his social situation. Two variables predicted DFa ≧8: (1) toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste just once a day, and (2) father being less satisfied with his social situation. Furthermore, children who failed to attend the examination at 1 year of age had 6.95 ± 5.36 (mean ± SD) DFa at 15 years compared with 3.10 ± 3.85 for children who were examined at 1 year of age (p < 0.01). To conclude, factors explaining good dental health at 15 years of age pertained to both children and parents. Thus, it seems that good oral hygiene habits, established in early childhood, provide a foundation for a low experience of approximal caries in adolescents.
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| 37. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bengtsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity but not with antiretroviral antibodies
- 2000
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 9:9, s. 664-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate the relation between serum levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), the activity of an endogenous IFN-alpha inducing factor (SLE-IIF), clinical and immunological disease activity as well as serum levels of antiretroviral antibodies in SLE. Serum levels of IFN-alpha were measured in serial sera from 30 patients sampled at different stages of disease activity (SLEDAI score). The SLE-IIF activity was measured by its ability to induce IFN-alpha production in cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both serum IFN-alpha and SLE-IIF increased markedly at flare in serially followed patients. The SLEDAI score, levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and IL-10 correlated positively, and complement components Clq, C3 and leukocytes correlated inversely with serum concentrations of IFN-alpha. The extent of multiple organ involvement correlated with serum IFN-alpha. No relation between concentrations of retroviral peptide binding antibodies and IFN-alpha or SLE-IIF activity was found. The close relationship between disease activity in SLE patients and IFN-alpha serum levels suggests that activation of the type 1 IFN system might be of importance in the disease process.
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| 45. |
- Bengtsson, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Metaxa: Automated detection and discrimination among ribosomal small subunit (12S/16S/18S) sequences of archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
- 2011
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Ingår i: SocBiN Bioinformatics Conference, Helsinki, Finland, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ribosomal small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene has emerged as an important genetic marker for taxonomic identification in environmental sequencing datasets. However, the gene is not only present in the nuclear genome of eukaryotes and the core genome of prokaryotes, but also in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes. The SSU genes in the core genome, mitochondria and chloroplast are conceptually paralogous and should in most situations not be aligned and analyzed jointly, e.g. when estimating species diversity. Identifying the origin of SSU sequences in complex sequence datasets is a time-consuming and largely manual undertaking. To ease this situation, we have created Metaxa, an automated software tool to extract full-length and partial SSU sequences from larger sequence datasets and assign them to an archaeal, bacte- rial, nuclear eukaryote, mitochondrial, or chloroplast origin. Metaxa very efficiently detects SSU sequences from fragments as short as 200 base pairs, and correctly classifies 97% of the identified genes at read lengths typically obtained from pyrosequencing. In addition, Metaxa shows a false positive rate of 0.00012% when run on random DNA fragments, showing the robustness of the method. We believe that this tool will be useful in microbial and evolutionary ecology as well as in metagenomics.
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| 46. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Blomberg, Anders, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the barnacle Balanus improvisus as a potent invertebrate monitoring system in marine ecotoxicogenomics
- 2009
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Göteborg 31 May - 4 June, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for potent invertebrate systems for assessing the impacts of environmental contaminants on marine ecosystems. Balanus improvisus, a marine athropod, has a number of promising characteristics that make it a good candidate in such efforts. We have conducted sequencing of a cDNA library from the cyprid larval stage and identified several detoxification systems as well as novel B. improvisus specific genes. To investigate the toxicological gene expression response in this organism, we performed a short-term exposure experiment of the cyprid larvae to two different biofouling substances. From a natural population of B. improvisus, 300 - 1000 cyprids were treated for 23 hours with 390nM CuO or with two different concentrations (10nM or 10μM) of meditomidine. Protein expression changes were studied by 2D-PAGE analysis after DIGE labelling. For gene expression analysis by DNA miroarrays total RNA was extracted and used for cDNA and cRNA/aRNA templates. Roughly 2000 B. improvisus genes were studied represented by 3000 different probes on the arrays (each in duplicates). Candidate genes were confirmed by qPCR. A number of protein expression changes were detected on the 2D gels as a result of the different treatments. Interestingly, the response to the different treatments clearly formed distinct groups in principle component analysis. The DNA microarray analysis revealed several genes as toxicity indicators, e.g. various heat shock proteins, some proteases and factors involved in regulatory processes (transcription factors). Our data indicate that B. improvisus may serve as a tool to evaluate the impacts of marine pollution, and thus to fill the niche as an important invertebrate marine model organism for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics.
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| 50. |
- Blomberg, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of cutaneous interferon-alpha producing cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 10:7, s. 484-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have increased levels of interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) in the circulation but a reduced number of functionally intact natural IFN-alpha producing cells (IPC) in peripheral blood. In search for tissue localisation of activated IPC, we investigated skin biopsies from SLE patients for the occurrence of such cells. Eleven SLE patients with inflammatory skin lesions and six healthy controls were biopsied. An immunohistochemical technique (IH) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) were used to detect intracellular IFN-alpha protein and IFN-alpha mRNA, respectively. In all 11 biopsies from SLE lesions, a high number of IPC were detected by IH. In the nonlesional SLE biopsies we could also demonstrate IPC in 10/11 patients. In 6/11 SLE patients, IFN-alpha mRNA containing cells could be detected in the specimens. A low number of IPC were detected in 1/6 healthy controls by IH, but no ISH positive cells were seen. Our results demonstrate that SLE patients have active IPC in both dermal lesions and in noninflammatory skin. A recruitment of IPC from blood to peripheral tissues may explain the low number of circulating natural IPC in SLE patients. Because the type I IFN system is involved in the SLE disease process, these results are of interest for the understanding of the pathogenesis in SLE.
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