| 1. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
A Hybrid Synchrophasor and GOOSE-Based Power System Synchronization Scheme
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 4, s. 4659-4668
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and real-time hardware-in-the-loop implementation of a hybrid synchrophasors and GOOSE-based automatic synchronization algorithm are presented in this paper. Automatic synchronization is performed by utilizing the synchrophasor measurements from two commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs), while the coordinated control commands to automatic voltage regulator and/or turbine governor control and trip command to the circuit breaker are issued using IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE messages. The algorithm is deployed inside the PMU using the protection logic equations, and direct communication between the PMUs is established to minimize the communication latencies. In addition, the algorithm is tested using a standard protection relay test-set, and automatic test sequences are executed to validate its performance. It is concluded that the hybrid synchrophasor and GOOSE-based automatic synchronization scheme ensures minimum communication latencies, reduces equipment cost, facilitates interoperability, and performs automatic reconnection adequately.
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| 2. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
A method exploiting direct communication between phasor measurement units for power system wide-area protection and control algorithms
- 2017
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 4, s. 346-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. These algorithms are deployed using protection logic equations which are supported by all the PMU vendors. Moreover, this method reduces overall equipment cost as the algorithms execute internally in a PMU and therefore does not require any additional controller for their deployment. The proposed method can be utilized for fast prototyping of wide-area measurements based protection and control applications. The proposed method is tested by coupling commercial PMUs as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) with Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator (RTS). As illustrative example, anti-islanding protection application is deployed using proposed method and its performance is assessed. The essential points in the method are:• Bypassing intermediate phasor data concentrator or protocol parsers as the synchrophasors are communicated directly between the PMUs (minimizes communication delays).• Wide Area Protection and Control Algorithm is deployed using logic equations in the client PMU, therefore eliminating the requirement for an external hardware controller (cost curtailment)• Effortless means to exploit PMU measurements in an environment familiar to protection engineers
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| 3. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
BabelFish—Tools for IEEE C37.118.2-compliant real-time synchrophasor data mediation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: SoftwareX. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7110. ; 6, s. 209-216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BabelFish (BF) is a real-time data mediator for development and fast prototyping of synchrophasor applications. BF is compliant with the synchrophasor data transmission IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011. BF establishes a TCP/IP connection with any Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) or Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) stream and parses the IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011 frames in real-time to provide access to raw numerical data in the LabVIEW environment. Furthermore, BF allows the user to select ‘‘data-of-interest’’and transmit it to either a local or remote application using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in order to support both unicast and multicast communication. In the power systems Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) domain, BF provides the first Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) for the purpose of giving the users tools for fast prototyping of new applications processing PMU measurements in their chosen environment, thus liberating them of time consuming synchrophasor data handling and allowing them to develop applications in a modular fashion, without a need of a large and monolithic synchrophasor software environment.
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| 4. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences with Steady-State PMU Compliance Testing using Standard Relay Testing Equipment
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ), 2014. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479950201 ; , s. -110
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of steady state compliance testing of phasor measurement units (PMUs) from three different vendors in a laboratory environment. Testing is performed by providing three phase voltage and current injections to the VT and CT inputs of the PMUs through Freja-300 stand-alone protection relay test set. Testing is performed according to the standard “IEEE C37.242-2013 - IEEE Guide for Synchronization, Calibration, Testing, and Installation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for Power System Protection and Control”. The paper discusses the test setup, testing process and overall test results of this project. The limitations of stand-alone testing equipment and recommendations for utilizing real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation for thorough testing of PMUs are also presented.
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| 5. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Performance Assessment of a Generator's Excitation Control System using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 3756-3762
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents methods and results for experimental performance assessment using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulation of an Excitation Control System (ECS) for both terminal voltage regulation and power oscillation damping. The ECS configured for this study is Unitrol 1020 from ABB and its performance is assessed for both Automatic Voltage Regulator (Auto) and Field Current Regulator (Manual) modes. RT-HIL simulation is performed by using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim RT Simulator using a power system model including a synchronous generator. Finally, the Power System Stabilizing feature of Unitrol 1020 is calibrated and assessed.
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| 6. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Time-Synchronization Signal Loss on PMU-based WAMPAC Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE PES General Meeting 2016. - : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper experimentally assesses the impact of loss of time-synchronization signal on synchrophasor-based Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control applications. Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM), anti-islanding protection and power oscillation damping applications are investigated. Power system models are executed using a real-time simulator with commercial PMUs coupled to them as hardware-in-the-loop. The experiments conclude that a phase angle monitoring application shows erroneous power system state whereas the operating time of an anti-islanding protection application increases due to the loss of time-synchronization signal input to PMUs. In addition, the performance of an oscillation damping controller degrades in the absence of time-synchronization input to the PMUs.
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| 7. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementation of Conventional and Phasor Based Power System Stabilizing Controls for Real-Time Simulation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 3770-3776
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the implementation of three different types of Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and a Static Var Compensator with a supplementary Phasor Power Oscillation Damper (POD) control for real-time simulation. The Klein-Rogers-Kundur model is used as test case and the PSS and Phasor-POD’s performance is evaluated for both large and small disturbances. Modeling is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and is executed in real-time using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator. The simulation results and the developed model will be used to deploy hardware prototype based on embedded controllers to provide power oscillation damping. Real-time software in the loop (SIL) approach is used for validating developed models as a first logical step towards development of a prototype hardware controller.
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| 8. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodologies for Power Protection Relay Testing : From Conventional to Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation Approaches
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 10th International Conference on Power System Transients.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance testing of the protection relays ensures that a particular protection scheme will operate reliably and fast enough to disconnect a faulty zone from the rest of the network, thus mitigating the effect of fault on the power system. It is therefore important to validate the settings of power protection equipment and to confirm its performance when subject to different fault conditions. Traditionally, commissioning engineers make use of standalone protection relay test sets for analyzing the performance of relays when subjected to different voltage and current injections. With the advent of digital simulators the model of the power system can be executed in real-time and protection relays can be interfaced as hardware-in-the-loop to evaluate their performance when subjected to different faults in the simulated power system. This gives an added value of analyzing the overall behavior of the power system coupled with the relay performance under faulty conditions. In addition, the utilization of GOOSE messages for status, control and protection purposes puts an extra requirement to completely test the IEC 61850 capabilities of the protection relays.This article illustrates two different techniques namely standalone testing and real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing used for protection relays performance verification. Both techniques are evaluated for hardwired and IEC 61850-8-1 (GOOSE) signals. The instantaneous overcurrent protection feature of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Relay SEL-421 is used for complete standalone and RT-HIL testing. For RT-HIL testing, the test case is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and executed in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim real-time simulator. The event reports generated by standalone and RT-HIL testing for both hardwired and GOOSE signals is used to verify the tripping times achieved. Finally the performance of hardwired and GOOSE tripping times are compared and the overall standalone and RT-HIL techniques are evaluated.
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| 9. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Open Source SCADA Implementation and PMU Integration for Power System Monitoring and Control Applications
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition, 2014 IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. -5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the implementation of an Open Source SCADA system in a laboratory and discusses methods for PMU data integration into SCADA. SCADA BR is a web-browser based SCADA that enables the user to access monitoring, control and automation equipment over multiple protocols. For implementation, protection relays from SEL are configured as DNP3 outstations to act as slaves and SCADA BR which is installed in one of the workstations in the laboratory acts as master. The evaluation of SCADA BR has been performed by executing a power system model in a real-time simulator and coupling its analog outputs with the protection relays. The integration of PMU measurements in the SCADA system and their use for monitoring is discussed. The limitations of the SCADA systems to fully utilize PMU data are also presented.
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| 10. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Over-current relay model implementation for real time simulation & Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - Montreal, QC : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467324199 ; , s. 4789-4896
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital microprocessor based relays are currently being utilized for safe, reliable and efficient operation of power systems. The overcurrent protection relay is the most extensively used component to safeguard power systems from the detrimental effects of faults. Wrong settings in overcurrent relay parameters can lead to false tripping or even bypassing fault conditions which can lead to a catastrophe. Therefore it is important to validate the settings of power protection equipment and to confirm its performance when subject to different fault conditions. This paper presents the modeling of an overcurrent relay in SimPowerSystems (\textsc {matlab}/Simulink). The overcurrent relay has the features of instantaneous, time definite and inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristics. A power system is modeled in SimPowerSystems and this overcurrent relay model is incorporated in the test case. The overall model is then simulated in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim real-time simulator to analyze the relay's performance when subjected to faults and with different characteristic settings in the relay model. Finally Hardware-in-the-Loop validation of the model is done by using the overcurrent protection feature in Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Relay SEL-487E. The event reports generated by the SEL relays during Hardware-in-the-Loop testing are compared with the results obtained from the standalone testing and software model to validate the model.
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| 11. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS FOr IEC 61850-9-2 PROCESS BUS USING REAL-TIME HARDWARE-IN-THE-loop simulation approach
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the evolution of Process Bus (IEC 61850-9-2), there is a need to assess the performance of protection schemes using process bus against those where traditional copper wires are implemented. Differential protection is the fundamental and most commonly used protection for transformers, motors and generators. In this paper a power system is modelled in SimPowerSystems and is executed in real-time using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim real-time simulator. Hardware-in-the loop validation of a process bus implementation for differential protection for a two winding transformer is done by using the differential protection feature in ABB’s RED-670 relay. The event reports generated by the ABB relay during Hardware-in-the-Loop testing are compared for three different scenarios i.e. complete process bus, hybrid process bus and complete traditional topology.
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| 12. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
RT-HIL Implementation of Hybrid Synchrophasor and GOOSE-based Passive Islanding Schemes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. - : IEEE. - 0885-8977 .- 1937-4208. ; 31:3, s. 1299-1309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time hardware-in-the-loop performance assessmentof three different passive islanding detection methodsfor local and wide-area synchrophasor measurements is carriedout in this paper. Islanding detection algorithms are deployedwithin the phasor measurement unit (PMU) using logic equations.Tripping decisions are based on local and wide-area synchrophasorsas computed by the PMU, and trips are generated usingIEC 61850-8-1 generic object-oriented substation event messages.The performance assessment compares these islanding detectionschemes for the nondetection zone and operation speed underdifferent operating conditions. The testbench that is demonstratedis useful for a myriad of applications where simulation exercises inpower system computer-aided design software provide no realisticinsight into the practical design and implementation challenges.Finally, different communication latencies introduced due tothe utilization of synchrophasors and IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSEmessages are determined.
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| 13. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
RT-HIL Testing of an Excitation Control System for Oscillation Damping using External Stabilizing Signals
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A feature of an Excitation Control System (ECS) for synchronous generators is to enable power system stabilization by providing an additional input to the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) for external stabilization signals. This paper explores this feature by externally generating stabilization signals which are fed as an analog input to a commercial ECS. This allows bypassing the built-in PSS function in the ECS and gives more freedom to the end-user to utilize custom stabilizer models. ABB’s Unitrol 1020 Excitation Control System is coupled with Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time simulator to perform Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of the ECS. The output of several stabilizer models is fed to the ABB’s Unitrol 1020 ECS as external power system stabilization signals to analyze their performance for small signal stability enhancement.
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| 14. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, 1987-
(författare)
-
Synchrophasor Applications and their Vulnerability to Time Synchronization Impairment
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent years have seen the significance of utilizing time-synchronized, high resolution measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to develop and implement wide-area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) systems. WAMPAC systems aim to provide holistic view of the power system and enable detection and control of certain power system phenomena to enhance reliability and integrity of the grid.This thesis focuses on the design, development and experimental validation of WAMPAC applications, and investigates their vulnerability to time synchronization impairment. To this purpose, a state-of-the-art real-time hardware-in-the-loop (RT-HIL) test-bench was established for prototyping of synchrophasor-based applications. This platform was extensively used throughout the thesis for end-to-end testing of the proposed WAMPAC applications. To facilitate the development of WAMPAC applications, an open-source real-time data mediator is presented that parses the incoming synchrophasor stream and provides access to raw data in LabVIEW environment.Within the domain of wide-area protection applications, the thesis proposes hybrid synchrophasor and IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE-based islanding detection and automatic synchronization schemes. These applications utilize synchrophasor measurements to assess the state of the power system and initiate protection / corrective action using GOOSE messages. The associated communication latencies incurred due to the utilization of synchrophasors and GOOSE messages are also determined. It is shown that such applications can have a seamless and cost-effective deployment in the field. Within the context of wide-area control applications, this thesis explores the possibility of utilizing synchrophasor-based damping signals in a commercial excitation control system (ECS). For this purpose, a hardware prototype of wide-area damping controller (WADC) is presented together with its interface with ECS. The WADC allows real-time monitoring and remote parameter tuning that could potentially facilitate system operators’ to exploit existing damping assets (e.g. conventional generators) when changes in operating conditions or network topology emerges.Finally the thesis experimentally investigates the impact of time synchronization impairment on WAMPAC applications by designing RT-HIL experiments for time synchronization signal loss and time synchronization spoofing. It is experimentally demonstrated that GPS-based time synchronization impairment results in corrupt phase angle computations by PMUs, and the impact this has on associated WAMPAC application.
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| 15. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Synchrophasor Network, Laboratory and Software Applications Developed in the STRONg2rid Project
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PES General Meeting Conference & Exposition, 2014 IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 1-5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the activities carried out in one of the work packages of the Nordic Energy Research funded project Smart Transmission Grid Operation and Control (STRONg2rid). The main objective of the work package is to deploy a state-of-the-art software and hardware for developing power system operation, protection, control and automation applications. Several PMUs have been deployed at partner universities and a network of synchrophasors has been set up. In addition the Smart Transmission System Laboratory (SmarTS-Lab) has been established. This laboratory serves as a test-bench to develop and verify smart transmission grid technologies. A software development kit (S3DK) was developed within the project. The S3DK has been used to implement PMU-based applications and deploy them in different targets, including smart phones and tablets. Several tools and software applications which utilize synchrophasor measurements (from the laboratory or the deployed university PMU network) to perform power system monitoring, sub-synchronous power oscillation detection, etc., have been developed and are presented herein.
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| 16. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Utilizing synchrophasor-based supplementary damping control signals in conventional generator excitation systems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 157, s. 157-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A supplementary function of Excitation Control Systems (ECSs) for synchronous generators is that of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS). The PSS implementation in these ECSs only allows the use of a limited type of pre-defined local input measurements and built-in PSS algorithms. To adapt existing ECSs to take advantage of synchrophasors technology, this paper proposes and implements a prototype wide-area damping controller (WADC) that provides synchrophasor-based damping input signals to existing ECSs. The developed WADC comprise (i) a real-time mode estimation module, (ii) synchrophasor’s communication latency computation module, and (iii) phasor-based oscillation damping algorithm executing in a real-time hardware prototype controller.Through Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulations, it is demonstrated that synchrophasor-based damping signals from the WADC can be utilized together with a commercial ECS, thus providing new options for selection of the best feedback signal for oscillation damping.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
Vulnerability of Synchrophasor-based WAMPAC Applications’ to Time Synchronization Spoofing
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : IEEE. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 9:5, s. 4601-4612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper experimentally assesses the impact of time synchronization spoofing attacks (TSSA) on synchrophasor-based Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control applications. Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM), anti-islanding protection and power oscillation damping applications are investigated. TSSA are created using a real-time IRIG-B signal generator and power system models are executed using a real-time simulator with commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs) coupled to them as hardware-in-the-loop. Because PMUs utilize time synchronization signals to compute synchrophasors, an error in the PMUs’ time input introduces a proportional phase error in the voltage or current phase measurements provided by the PMU. The experiments conclude that a phase angle monitoring application will show erroneous power transfers, whereas the anti-islanding protection mal-operates and the damping controller introduces negative damping in the system as a result of the time synchronization error incurred in the PMUs due to TSSA.The proposed test-bench and TSSA approach can be used to investigate the impact of TSSA on any WAMPAC application and to determine the time synchronization error threshold that can be tolerated by these WAMPAC applications.
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| 19. |
- Baudette, Maxime, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Validating a real-time PMU-based application for monitoring of sub-synchronous wind farm oscillations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference. - 9781479936526 ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents validation experiments performed on a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) based fast oscillation detection application. The monitoring application focuses on the detection of sub-synchronous oscillations, utilizing real-time measurements from PMUs. The application was first tested through Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation. Validation experiments were carried out with a different set-up by utilizing a micro grid laboratory. This second experimental set-up as well as the results of the validation experiments are presented in this paper.
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| 20. |
- Danielson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Communication Network Challenges for Synchrophasor-Based Wide-Area Applications
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of IREP Symposium. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479901999
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wide-area synchrophasor applications inherently depend on the underlying IT and communications infrastructure supporting them. In particular, closed loop control systems for power grid oscillation damping is problematic, as it is a complex mixture of power grid monitoring, communication network properties and overall system stability issues. This article offers a holistic analysis of these fields, proposing a combined requirement on the full system: to keep system delays down to maintain stability. Simulation results to support the analysis findings, also showing how observability of power oscillations is important in combination with system delays related to feedback signals, and finally laying out experimentation plans to be performed in the lab on a complex power-grid model with real PMUs, communication network and controllers interacting with the SmarTS Lab real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulator platform.
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| 21. |
- Díez-Maroto, L., et al.
(författare)
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A WACS exploiting generator Excitation Boosters for power system transient stability enhancement
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 148, s. 245-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excitation Boosters (EB) are designed to improve transient stability of synchronous generators equipped with bus fed static excitation systems. They can be controlled using either local or remote signals following a disturbance. This paper explores how critical clearing times (CCT) can be improved by EBs controlled using remote signals. Particularly, Pseudo Center of Inertia (PCOI) and Dominant Interarea Path (DIP) signals derived from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) within a Wide Area Control System (WACS) are used. Prototype controllers are tested by means of a Real Time (RT) Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experimental setup.
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| 22. |
- Dominguez-Garcia, José Luís, et al.
(författare)
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Validation Experiment Design of a PMU-€“Based Application for Detection of Sub-Synchronous Oscillations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 15th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. ; , s. 1898-1903
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an approach to design laboratory experiments able to test the functional performance of a PMU-based application. The function of this application is to detect sub-synchronous oscillatory dynamics product of wind farm-to-grid interactions. The designed experiments are carried out in operation conditions similar to those that the PMU-based application would experience in field implementations, while the approach adopted for experiment design takes into account technical limitations of laboratory equipment. The experiments are performed in a laboratory which has been equipped with synchrophasor technology for the purposes of this work. Real PMU devices physically connected on a small replica of a three-phase low voltage micro-grid where oscillations can be systematically injected.
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| 23. |
- Dotta, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A MATLAB based PMU Simulator
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PES). - : IEEE. - 9781479913039 ; , s. 6672629-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data in power system operation is of practical importance. These data are currently used for real-time operation monitoring and off- line analysis. Understanding of the mechanisms involved in the phasor estimation process is necessary for correct phasor data interpretation and analysis, as well as for design of advanced control and protection schemes. In this paper the main phenom- ena involved in the phasor measurement process are illustrated using a MAT L A B based PMU simulator.
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| 24. |
- Jonsdottir, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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RT-HIL hardware prototyping of synchrophasor and active load-based power system oscillation damping controllers
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. - : IEEE. - 9781509041688
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Icelandic power system is characterized by two areas that oscillate against each other during stressed system operation, and may lead to an islanding of system. Conventional stabilizing methods are being used to their full capacity, thus new options are being explored to prevent system break-ups. There is potential in exploiting large industrial loads to enhance system stability. In this paper a hardware prototype of a synchrophasor-based active load controller for oscillation damping is presented. The performance of the controller is analysed using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) approach.
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| 25. |
- Jonsdottir, Gudrun Margret, et al.
(författare)
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RT-SIL Performance Analysis of Synchrophasor-and-Active Load-Based Power System Damping Controllers
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467380409
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Icelandic power network has transmission constraintsthat often lead to inter-area oscillations. Although conventionalstabilization methods have been applied successfully inthe past, there is potential to exploit large industrial loads toenhance system stability during stringent operation conditions.This paper analyzes the performance of two damping controllers.The controllers can use both synchrophasor signals and localmeasurements as their inputs. Damping is achieved by loadmodulation generated by a phasor-based oscillation signal. Real-Time Software-in-the-Loop testing is performed using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator to derive hardware andcomputational requirements of a hardware prototype that willbe implemented in the future.
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| 26. |
- Kilter, Jako, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences with dynamic PMU compliance testing using standard relay testing equipment
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 1-5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of dynamic compliancetesting of phasor measurement units (PMUs) from threedifferent vendors in a laboratory environment. Testing is performedby providing three phase voltage and current injectionsto the VT and CT inputs of the PMUs through Freja-300stand-alone protection relay test set. Testing is performedaccording to the standard “IEEE C37.242-2013 - IEEE Guidefor Synchronization, Calibration, Testing, and Installation ofPhasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for Power System Protectionand Control”. The paper discusses the test setup, testingprocess, calculation of performance evaluation parametersand overall test results of this project.
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| 27. |
- Leelaruji, Rujiroj, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage Stability Monitoring using Sensitivities Computed from Synchronized Phasor Measurement Data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE. - : IEEE. - 9781467327275 ; , s. 6344838-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wide-area early warning systems are dependent on synchrophasor data-based applications for providing timely information to operators so that preventive actions can be taken. This article proposes the use of voltage sensitivities computed from syncrhophasor data for voltage stability monitoring, and a visualization approach that can be implemented in wide-area early warning systems. In order to provide reliable information, synchrophasor data must be pre-processed to extract only the useful features embedded in measurements and correct for errors. Hence, this article also addresses the issue of data filtering and correction, and proposes a filtering methodology for robust voltage sensitivity computation. The methodology is developed considering both positive-sequence simulations for methodology development purposes, and real phasor measurement data from a real-time (RT) hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) laboratory for testing the robustness of the developed approach for use in the control room. The results from both approaches are contrasted against each other, the limitations of the positive-sequence simulation ap- proach for developing PMU-data applications are highlighted and the challenges of working with the RT HIL lab are recognized.
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| 28. |
- Malik, Naveed ur Rehman, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a DFIG using Synchrophasors
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (IEEE EEEIC 2015). - : IEEE. - 9781479979929 ; , s. 1939-1944
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the challenges faced during the utilization of synchrophasors received from PMUs in order to estimate the parameters of a DFIG in a real-time. PMUs are installed at the stator and rotor terminals of an 11-KVA DFIG, in order to provide high resolution synchrophasor data at a reporting rate of 50 msgs/sec. These synchrophasors are processed in real-time using an embedded controller in order to measure and estimate the internal parameters of the generator, i.e., magnetization and leakage inductances. Closed-loop variable speed drive, active power and reactive power controls are implemented for the DFIG. This paper discusses the laboratory setup, control and parameter estimation experiments carried out on the DFIG. The testing process, challenges faced, and overall experimental findings are also presented.
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| 29. |
- Menon, Vijay Krishna, et al.
(författare)
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A Spark (TM) Based Client for Synchrophasor Data Stream Processing
- 2018
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND UTILITY EXHIBITION ON GREEN ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ICUE 2018). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9789748257990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SCADA based monitoring systems, having a very low sampling of one reading per 2-4 seconds is known to produce roughly 4.3 Tera Bytes (TiBs) of data annually. With synchrophasor technology, this will go up at least 100 times more as the rate of streaming is as high as 50/100 (60/120) Hz. Phasor data concentrators (PDCs) transmit byte streams encapsulating a comprehensive list of power system parameter including multiple phasor measurements, instantaneous frequency estimates, rate of change of frequency and several analog and digital quantities; this high volume and velocity of data makes it truly 'Big Data'. This helps in making the power grid a lot more observable, enabling real-time monitoring of crucial grid events such as voltage stability, grid stress and transient oscillations. Synchrophasor technology uses the IEEE C37.118.2-2011 (TM) Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) /PDC communication protocol for data exchange which has no direct interface with any contemporary big data stream APIs or protocols. In this paper we propose a streaming interface in Apache Spark (TM), a popular big data platform, using Scala programming language, implementing a complete IEEE C37.118.2-2011 (TM) client inside a stream receiver so that we can effortlessly receive synchrophasor data directly to Spark (TM) applications for real-time processing and archiving.
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| 30. |
- Rebello, Eldrich, et al.
(författare)
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An Experimental Setup for Testing Synchrophasor-based Damping Control Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479979929 ; , s. 1945-1950
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prototype Wide-Area Power system OscillationDamping (WAPOD) controllers using synchrophasor data havebeen proposed, developed and tested in field demonstrationprojects. However, the development and testing process of thesecontrol systems has been confined to a few specific cases, thedetails of which have not been thoroughly reported in availableliterature. This paper details the development, construction andimplementation of a real-time, Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testset-up for such a control system. A general purpose, phasorbasedcontrol algorithm is deployed on a Compact ReconfigurableInput/Output (cRIO) controller from National Instruments. Thecomplete, closed-loop experimental set-up, the hardware used andthe rationale behind different design choices are also documented.As this test-set-up uses IEEE C37.118 data over a TCP/IPnetwork, the complete, real-time data path is examined. A realtimeHIL test with the implemented controller is also presentedand results are analysed.
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| 31. |
- Rebello, Eldrich, et al.
(författare)
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PMU-based Real-Time Damping Control System Software and Hardware Architecture Synthesis and Evaluation
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-frequency, electromechanically induced, interareaoscillations are of concern in the continued stability of interconnectedpower systems. Wide Area Monitoring, Protection andControl (WAMPAC) systems based on wide-area measurementssuch as synchrophasor (C37.118) data can be exploited to addressthe inter-area oscillation problem. This work develops a hardwareprototype of a synchrophasor-based oscillation damping controlsystem. A Compact Reconfigurable Input Output (cRIO) controllerfrom National Instruments is used to implement the realtimeprototype. This paper presents the design process followedfor the development of the software architecture. The designmethod followed a three step process of design proposal, designrefinement and finally attempted implementation. The goals ofthe design, the challenges faced and the refinements necessaryare presented. The design implemented is tested and validatedon OPAL-RT’s eMEGASIM real-time simulation platform and abrief discussion of the experimental results is included.
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| 32. |
- Rebello, Eldrich, et al.
(författare)
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Software Architecture Development and Implementation of a Synchrophasor-based Real-Time Oscillation Damping Control System
- 2015
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Ingår i: PowerTech, 2015 IEEE Eindhoven. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-frequency, electro-mechanically induced, interareaoscillations have in the past, posed a serious threat to thestability of interconnected power systems.Wide Area Monitoring,Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems based on wideareameasurements such as synchrophasor (C37.118) data canbe exploited to address the inter-area oscillation problem. Thiswork develops a modular software architecture for a prototypeWAMPAC control system. A Compact Reconfigurable InputOutput (cRIO) controller from National Instruments is usedto implement the real-time prototype. This paper presents thedesign process followed for the development of the softwarearchitecture. The design method followed a three step processof design proposal, refinement and attempted implementation.Results from each iteration are used to improve the next. Thegoals of the design, the challenges faced and the refinementsnecessary are presented. The details of the final implementationin LabVIEW are also documented.
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| 33. |
- Singh, Ravi Shankar, et al.
(författare)
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‘In Silico’ Testing of a Decentralized PMUData-Based Power Systems Mode Estimator
- 2016
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Ingår i: Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2016. - : IEEE conference proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the software implementation ofa Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data-based mode estimationapplication in a decentralized mode estimation architecture. Thiswork builds from previous efforts in the development of a modeestimator implemented using a centralized architecture, meaninga set of modes were estimated for the whole system in a singleprocessing location. One drawback of mode estimators that usecentralized mode architecture is that the observability and thereforeestimation of important low-damped local electromechanicalmodes can be affected by the higher observability of otherdominant modes of the systems (e.g inter-area modes). This workproposes, implements and tests a decentralized architecture inorder to increase the observation capability to provide betterestimates of local low damped oscillations. In this architecture,the data from a single PMU or a group of local PMUs couldbe processed by a processor to estimate the modal parametersobserved at a specific part of the grid or observed by specificgroup of PMUs. The decentralized architecture and results oftests are presented in this paper together with comparison witha centralized architecture.
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| 34. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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A Phase Measurement Unit Based Fast Real-Time Oscillation Detection Application for Monitoring Wind Farm-to-Grid sub-synchronous Dynamics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electric power components and systems. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1532-5008 .- 1532-5016. ; 44:2, s. 123-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increase of wind power share increasing has lead to operational challenges for its integration and impact on power grids. Regarding this, unexpected dynamic phenomena, such as oscillatory events around 13 Hz among different wind farms were recorded in the United States of America (USA) by Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E). Such interactions differ from traditional inter-areaoscillations, and the ability to detect them is beyond measurement capabilities of most of existing measurement equipment and monitoring tools in energy management systems. This paper presents the development and implementation of algorithms for fast sub–synchronous oscillation detection, focusing on the aforementioned case. It proposes a real-time monitoring application that exploits synchronized phasormeasurements allowing real-time detection of sub–synchronous wind farm dynamics. This tool was built as a prototype for real-time application and utilizes Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data for enhanced monitoring and control. The paper focuses on the tool’s design and its algorithms. Also, it will briefly present three approaches carried out for testing and validating the PMU–based application, one of them compares the proposed tool with an existing tool at OG&E. Through such experiments the tool presented in the paper has been positively validated for real time applications
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| 35. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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A PMU-Based Fast Real-Time Sub-synchronous Oscillation Detection Application
- 2015
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Ingår i: 15th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering. - : IEEE. - 9781479979936
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The share of wind power has strongly increased in electricity production, raising several issues concerning its integration to power grids. Unexpected dynamic phenomena, such as oscillatory events around 13 Hz have been recorded in the US by Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E). Such interactions differ from traditional and well studied inter-area oscillations, and the ability to detect them is beyond the measurement capabilities of most of the existing measurement equipment and monitoring tools in Energy Management Systems (EMS) systems. This paper presents the development and implementation of algorithms for PMU-based real-time fast sub-synchronous oscillation detection, focusing on the aforementioned case. The paper focuses on the tool itself and its algorithms, briefly presents an approach carried out for testing and validating it. Experience from the use of the tool at OG&E is also described.
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| 36. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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A Software Development Toolkit for Real-Time Synchrophasor Applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013. - 9781467356695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a software development toolkit for Wide Area Monitoring Systems. By using this development toolkit, a researcher is able to manipulate synchrophasor data in the LabView environment, which enables fast software prototyping and testing. This toolkit makes full scale testing in real-time easier for researchers, liberating them of complex and time consuming synchrophasor data handling. The toolkit exploits the IEEE C37.118.2 – 2011 protocol making it independent of any specific equipment and their manufacturers. An application of the development kit is demonstrated in a laboratory environment with a specially designed experimental setup composed of a real-time digital simulator and four phasor measurement units (PMUs).
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| 37. |
- Vanfretti, L., et al.
(författare)
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Audur—A platform for synchrophasor-based power system wide-area control system implementation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Software Quality Professional. - : Elsevier. - 1522-0540. ; 7, s. 294-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrical power systems continue to grow in size and complexity, resulting in new challenges to control and stabilize them. Measurement based Wide-Area Control Systems (WACS) have been extensively researched in the last decade to enhance power system stability. However, very few WACS implementations in the field have been carried out so far. To bridge this gap the LabVIEW package, Audur, presented in this paper, allows users to easily implement their custom WACS design on a National Instruments hardware platform. The hardware controller receives synchrophasor measurements compliant with the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol and generates a control signal that, in principle, can be configured as a supplementary control system to drive any active component in the power system.
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| 38. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Data Mediation for Synchrophasor Application Development Compliant with IEEE C37.118.2
- 2015
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Ingår i: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design and implementation of a IEEE C37.118-2-compliant real-time data mediator, namely BableFish (BF), that facilitates synchrophasor data-manipulation for smart grid applications. The mediator is scalable by virtue of its modular software architecture, and is capable of receiving concurrently synchrophasor data streams from either Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) or Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs). The different modules of the mediator and their functional capabilities are discussed. Furthermore, the performance of the mediator is analyzed through several statistical performance stress tests. The mediator facilitates prototyping of wide area power system monitoring and control applications using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation, as illustrated with examples in development at KTH SmarTS Lab. Finally, the technical challenges associated with implementation and integration of system-wide synchrophasor solutions for real-time synchrophasor-based applications is discussed.
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| 39. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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SmarTS Lab - A Laboratory for Developing Applications for WAMPAC Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE. - : IEEE. - 9781467327299 ; , s. 6344839-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the core of the development of “Smart Transmission Grids” is the design, implementation, and testing of synchronized phasor measurement data applications that can supplement Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control Systems(WAMPAC). Nevertheless, the development of new PMU data-based WAMPAC applications has been relatively slow. The great potential of WAMPAC systems is being limited by this, and efforts are needed so that new applications can be developed. The slow rate of development of these applications is strongly related to, among other factors, the application development approach used. This article starts by discussing the needs and approaches for developing WAMPAC applications that exploit synchronized phasor measurements, and illustrates how one of these approaches has been achieved. A preliminary work carried out to develop and implement a Smart Transmission System Laboratory (SmarTS Lab), a hardware and softwarebased system for developing and analyzing “Smart Transmission Grids” paradigms and applications for WAMPAC systems, are described. The laboratory’s conceptual architecture and hardware and software implementation are presented, and some of its components are described. Finally, the article illustrates proofof-concept examples of how PMU data-based applications can be developed.
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| 40. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Testing and Validation of a Fast Real-Time Oscillation Detection PMU-Based Application for Wind-Farm Monitoring
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 First International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479908578 ; , s. 216-221
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an overview of a monitoring application, its testing and validation process. The application was developed for the detection of sub-synchronous oscillations in power systems, utilizing real-time measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs). It uses two algorithms simultaneously to both detect the frequency at which the oscillatory event occurs and the level of energy in the oscillations. The application has been developed and tested in the framework of SmarTS Lab, an environment capable of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The necessary components of the real-time chain of data acquisition are presented in this paper, as well as testing and validation results, to demonstrate the accuracy of the monitoring tool and the feasibility of fast prototyping for real-time PMU measurements based applications using the SmarTS Lab environment.
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