| 1. |
- Alam, Mehboob, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach and rocket as affected by inoculum and time to harvest
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturæ. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 165, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irrigation water is an important vehicle for dissemination of human pathogens to plants. As contamination in an early stage of the production chain cannot necessarily be counteracted later, cultural measures to reduce the contamination risk need to be adopted during primary production. In a two-factorial greenhouse experiment, we studied the impact of inoculum density and the interval between irrigation and haivest on the prevalence of an inoculated gfp-tagged non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The strain was inoculated with the irrigation water at a density of log 5.6, log 6.6 and log 7.6 CFU ml(-1) into the phyllosphere of fully grown crops of rocket and spinach (BBCH 49). The crops were then harvested after 3, 24,48 and 72 h. The introduced strain decreased exponentially in numbers within 72 h, to 49.6%, 52.6% and 50.6%, respectively, in the spinach and to 58.5%, 67.4% and 73.4% in the rocket. No differences were found in the number of the total viable count of aerobic bacteria and of Enterobacteriaceae as assessed on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and violet red bile dextrose agar (VRBD), respectively. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of randomly selected isolates from VRBD were identified as Enterobacter cloaceae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Pantoea sp. and Raoultella planticola as the dominant Enterobacteriaceae species in the rocket and spinach phyllosphere. We found that cessation of irrigation for three days seems not to be an adequate sanitisation treatment to exclude the possibility of viable E. coil 0157:H7 cells on spinach or rocket. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ali, Liaqat, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nutrition strategy on the levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in blackberries
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Food Research and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1438-2377 .- 1438-2385. ; 234:1, s. 33-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of nutrition strategy on levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in fruit and leaves of blackberries were studied in greenhouse-grown blackberry plants fertilised with combinations of two levels (low, high) of nitrogen (60 and 100 kg ha -1, respectively) and potassium (66.4 and 104 kg ha -1, respectively). Plant concentrations of organic phytochemicals were quantitatively analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. High amounts of both fertilisers produced high amounts of all nutrients and bioactive compounds analysed in fruit except total acidity and ellagic acid. There were major differences in compounds affecting taste in fruit, e. g., sugars (fructose and glucose), total soluble solids and pH, and also in anthocyanin content. The concentrations of secondary metabolites, vitamin C and ellagic acid in fruit also varied significantly between treatments, although the differences were smaller. Storage of blackberries showed variable effects in the different levels of compounds, and the changes found were small. Nutrient regime did not affect blackberry leaves to the same extent, and only minor changes were found. The findings show that by optimising plant nutrition, phytonutrient levels can be maximised and maintained in fresh and stored berry crops, especially those grown in greenhouses, where conditions can easily be regulated.
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| 3. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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Advances and Trends in Organic Fruit and Vegetable Farming Research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Horticultural Reviews. Volume 43. - Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 9781119107750 ; 43:43, s. 185-267
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic horticulture has doubled from 2003 to 2013 in response to increasing demand for organic fruits and vegetables. The number of scientific studies investigating this research field has tripled from 1994 to 2013. This reflects the existence of policy support for organic horticulture as well as government and industry funding for research. Yields of organic fruit and vegetable farming systems can reach on average 89-102% of conventional yields. The environmental benefits of organic farming are well documented for biodiversity and for water and soil conservation. However, limited seed and plant materials have been developed for organic farming. One of the remaining challenges in production is to achieve a balanced nutrient composition of organic amendments and a timely nutrient release with plant nutrient uptake. Another major barrier for the expansion of organic horticulture is related to limited effective tools for pest, disease, and weed management. Although new biological control agents and biopesticides have been proposed in response to the alarming resistance to synthetic pesticides, additional plant protection research is needed. Beyond the fact that the health benefits of organic foods are controversial, organic fruits and vegetables have lower nitrate content and pesticide residues, and their vitamin C and phenolic compounds are often higher than conventional ones. However, few studies have dealt with strategies that promote or impair microbiological food safety. This is the case despite the proximity of edible plants with animal manure together with limited tools for organic farming to prevent microbial pre- and postharvest proliferation. The aim of this chapter was threefold: to draw a picture of the current situation of organic fruit and vegetable production in the world, to present the development of research related to this sector since the past 40 years, and to highlight the benefits and constraints of this production system, emphasizing nutritive value and microbiological food safety. In conclusion, key research areas are proposed to support the development of organic horticulture by increasing its resilience and security.
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| 4. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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An updated glossary of terms and basic characteristics of growing media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 925-934
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the research community of growing media, there is an increasing confusion related to inappropriate use of terms, and to a lack of description of minimal chemical, physical, biological characteristics of growing media and their components for adequate data interpretation in scientific publications. A survey was conducted between the summer of 2019 and the autumn of 2020 among growing media scientists worldwide to help addressing these two issues and published later as a basic framework (Caron and Zheng, 2021). In 2022, a workshop was organized to update terms and definitions and report further progress with respect to terms and basic characteristics. This paper summarizes the improvement of the glossary suggested by Caron and Zheng (2021).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Bassiluskan, bassiluskan......om personalens hälsa och hygien inom produktionen av livsmedel i trädgårdsnäringen
- 2015
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Personalens hygien och hälsostatus är en viktig bidragande orsak till spridning av humansmittor med frukt, bär och grönsaker Hygien och hälsa påverkas av kulturella traditioner och ekonomiska faktorer Arbetet med personalens hygien och hälsostatus förutsätter ledarskap God hygien under arbetsdagen förutsätter tillgång till sanitära utrymmen med rinnande vatten, tvål och desinfektion och torkning Val av vattentemperatur, tvål, desinfektionsmedel samt torkningssätt inverkar på överlevnad av mikroorganismer på händer Barriärer i form av skyddskläder och handskar minimerar spridningsrisken från människor till frukt, bär och grönsaker, men kan samtidigt inge en falsk trygghet Hygien och hälsa är inte bara en fråga om kunskap utan också om insiktsbaserat handlande; det måste vara automatiserat Etablering av en företagskultur för personalens hygien och hälsa är ett ledarskapsansvar
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| 9. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Be circular – Från rötrester av svartvatten och köksavfall till flytande gödselmedel
- 2024
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Effektiv användning av ändliga resurser är ett av de främsta målen för en hållbar utveckling. I ett kretsloppsperspektiv skulle näringsrikt avloppsvatten och näring fastlagd i köksavfall kunna bli till flytande gödselmedel till hobbyodlare. Vår utgångspunkt var sidoströmmar från biogasproduktion, både svartvatten (d.v.s. toalettvatten) och den flytande fraktionen av köksavfall. I ett Partnerskap Alnarp projekt mellan SLU, AlnarpFoodTech Ek. för. och RecoLab vid NSVA i Helsingborg undersökte vi bland annat förbättringsområden för att ta fram en tillförlitlig och säker växtnäringsprodukt.
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| 10. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Bedömning av markens mikroliv
- 2024
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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Cassia oil for controlling plant and human pathogens on fresh strawberries
- 2012
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 28, s. 157–162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inhibitory effects of cassia oil on the human pathogen Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea were tested in vitro at different concentrations (200-800 ppm). Cassia oil exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against both pathogens. Cassia oil at 400-800 ppm inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro and on the surface of treated strawberries. Cassia oil also completely inhibited the growth of B. cinerea at 400-800 ppm. Spore germination and germ tube elongation of the pathogens in potato dextrose broth were strongly inhibited in the presence of 100 ppm cassia oil. Cassia oil at all concentrations reduced the percentage of decayed strawberries. Experiments on reducing the development of natural decay in strawberries gave similar results. None of the quality parameters tested (colour, total soluble solids, pH, total acidity and ascorbic acid) was affected by cassia oil treatment. Storage experiments on strawberry showed that the percentage weight loss was reduced by cassia oil treatment. Hence, cassia oil could be an alternative to synthetic chemicals for controlling human and plant pathogens on fruits such as strawberries during postharvest and storage.
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| 14. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Concept based mapping as a tool to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research on growing media and hydroponics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 163-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cascading use of valorized constituents from societal side-streams in growing media (GM), but also the reuse of growing media, has brought increased attention to their biological properties and processes. These processes are complex, dynamic and interconnected. They are a result of the origin and treatment in previous steps of the cascading use as well as in the re-use. Furthermore, they are affected by physical and chemical characteristics in the GM and in the environment that they are exposed to. Thus, the complexity of factors and events shapes the outcome of research studies as well as product development and the manner how such outcome may be interpreted and how manufacturing processes and product quality can be standardized. In addition, the recent development of high-throughput methods for culture independent description of microbial community composition, gathering a copious volume of data, increases the level of complexity even more. To draw clear-cut conclusions on biological characteristics, processes and dynamics in GM, this complex picture needs to be disentangled, a process that already has to be in place at the early step of the study, process or product design. Based on three examples, we describe the power of conceptbased mapping to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research and product development of GM and hydroponics and show its potential for big data analysis and modeling.
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| 15. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Cool fruits - Effekter av lagringstid samt lagringstemperatur på förekomst av Listeria monocytogenes i färsk fruktcocktail
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Färska fruktsallader (fruktcocktail) efterfrågas av konsumenter. Med dagens ansträngda elpriser ställs frågan om kyltemperaturen under framställning, transport och display i butiken skulle kunna höjas från 4 till 8 °C utan att äventyra livsmedelssäkerheten för dessa produkter. Föreliggande rapport bygger på en litteraturstudie och en provokationsstudie, där den köldtoleranta (psykrofila) organismen Listeria monocytogenes användes som modellorganism. Litteraturstudien genomfördes som en systematisk litteratursökning i databasen Web‐of‐Science. I den experimentella delen studerades tillväxtbeteendet av L. monocytogenes med hänsyn till lagringstemperatur och lagringstid i en färsk fruktcocktail bestående av ananas, röda äpplen, nätmelon och röda druvor. Den experimentella delen byggde på frågeställningen om lagringstemperaturen kan höjas från 4 °C till 8 °C samt från en rekommenderad lagringslängd på 4 dagar till 8 dagar, med hänsyn till förekomst av L. monocytogenes. En klinisk stam av L. monocytogenes inokulerades i färdiga råa fruktsallader. Tre temperaturregimer tillämpades: 4 °C i åtta dagar, 8 °C i åtta dagar samt 4 °C i ett dygn följt av 8 °C under återstående lagringstid på totalt åtta dagar (så kallad dynamisk temperaturregim). Vi fann att modellorganismen hade förökat sig efter åtta dagars lagringstid i samtliga behandlingar, dock avsevärt långsammare vid lagring i 4 °C, jämfört med kontinuerlig lagring i 8 °C samt den dynamiska behandlingen. Vid 4 °C lagringstemperatur visade L. monocytogenes en tillväxtpotential av knappt ett halvt log‐värde, samt med log 1,37 respektive log 1,23 vid 8 °C lagringstemperatur respektive dynamisk lagring, trots att fruktsalladens pH låg under minimi‐kraven för L. monocytogenes. I synnerhet i behandlingarna med högre temperatur förekom en massiv uppförökning av jästsvampar. Utifrån föreliggande resultat av litteraturundersökningen förordar vi ingen förhöjning av lagringstemperatur eller förlängning av lagringstid.
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| 16. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Decontamination of Irrigation Water under Field Conditions: Preliminary Results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 922, s. 61-66
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable have increased worldwide. Microbial hazards cause considerable and in some cases life-long suffering. Contamination may occur during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water as one of the major vehicles for contamination. Therefore, the potential of photocatalytic oxidation water treatment (POWT) to improve inferior irrigation water quality was studied. A prototype of a photocatalytic unit was installed on an irrigation ramp at a commercial field site growing leafy vegetables. Water samples were collected at five distinct sites within the water pipe namely from (i) the irrigation pond, (ii) after coarse filtration, (iii) at the beginning of the field water pipe as well as (iv) before and (v) after treatment using photocatalysis at three occasions with three independent replicates at each event. The water samples were analyzed with respect to indicator organisms for water quality (heterotrophic microorganisms at 22 degrees C, total coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria, E. coli, intestinal enterococci, Salmonella spp.). After the photocatalytic treatment, the number of indicator organisms in the irrigation water decreased with respect to all monitored organisms. This was also observed for Salmonella spp. which was detected at a couple of incidents at the sampling sites prior to the photocatalytic unit. Indicator organisms in the treated water at the irrigation ramp were beyond the thresholds stipulated by guidelines for irrigation water quality in examples such as British Columbia in Canada and Germany.
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| 17. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of Pesticides in Nutrient Solution from Closed Hydroponic Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1034, s. 33-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To protect aquatic systems in the Baltic Sea area, zero eutrophication has been proclaimed as one of the Swedish environmental goals. Closed hydroponic systems are generally used today to meet standards on reduced release of excess nutrient-rich drainage water from horticulture. In recent years, concerns have been expressed about emissions of plant protection products (PPP) from indoor cultivation systems to aquatic environments in the vicinity of commercial greenhouses. Some of the active ingredient in pesticides applied to the crop can end up in the nutrient solution (i) after canopy application, through plant run-off and infiltration through the growing medium or into collecting gutters, or (ii) after direct administration to the nutrient solution. This study monitored the concentrations of three PPP (fenhexamid, FEX; pyrimethanil, PYR; imidacloprid, IMI) on six occasions over 21 days in colonised nutrient solution obtained from a closed cropping system for greenhouse tomatoes and incubated at 20°C in darkness. The experiment with FEX (added at 0.01 times the recommended spray concentration) was conducted as a full-scale experiment with six replicates and examined the dynamics of microbiota associated with the nutrient solu¬tion. Monitoring of PYR and IMI (added at 0.01 and 1 times the recommended spray concentration, respectively) comprised chemical analysis of the compound in single samples on six sampling occasions. The results indicate that all three PPP persisted for 21 days in the microbe-colonised nutrient solution under the experimental conditions used.
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| 18. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Dining in Blue Light Impairs the Appetite of Some Leaf Epiphytes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The phyllosphere is subjected to fluctuating abiotic conditions. This study examined the phenotypic plasticity (PP) of four selected non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria [control strain: Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09; Pseudomonas agarici, Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israeliensis (Bti), and Streptomyces griseoviridis (SG)] regarding their respiration patterns and surfactant activity as affected by light spectrum and nutrient supply.Methods: The PP of the strains was examined under four light regimes [darkness (control); monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LED) at 460 nm (blue) and 660 nm (red); continuously polychromatic white LEDs], in the presence of 379 substrates and conditions.Results: Light treatment affected the studied bacterial strains regarding substrate utilization (Pseudomonas strains > SG > Bti). Blue LEDs provoked the most pronounced impact on the phenotypic reaction norms of the Pseudomonas strains and Bti. The two Gram-positive strains Bti and SG, respectively, revealed inconsistent biosurfactant formation in all cases. Biosurfactant formation by both Pseudomonas strains was supported by most substrates incubated in darkness, and blue LED exposure altered the surface activity profoundly. Blue and white LEDs enhanced biofilm formation in PA in highly utilized C-sources. Putative blue light receptor proteins were found in both Pseudomonas strains, showing 91% similarity with the sequence from NCBI accession number WP_064119393.Conclusion: Light quality–nutrient interactions affect biosurfactant activity and biofilm formation of some non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria and are, thus, crucial for dynamics of the phyllosphere microbiome.
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| 19. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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E. coli:s dolda liv: sockersug och kurragömma
- 2016
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Frukt och grönsaker ingår i en hälsosam kost. Dessa konsumeras antingen i rå eller tillredd form. Ett ökat antal utbrott av tarmsmittor har dock relaterats till frukt och grönsaker för direktkonsumtion eller konsumtion med minimal tillredning, både i Sverige och utomlands. Ofta förknippas magsmittor på frukt och grönt med importerade varor. Det tragiska utbrottet av EHEC, en mycket aggressiv grupp av E. coli (serotyp O157:H7), sensommaren 2005 satte problematiken på den svenska kartan. För att skapa förutsättningar för att förebygga spridning av humanpatogena sjukdomsalstrare (såsom EHEC, Salmonella, Campylobacter) under odlingen till produkten har vi undersökt hur E. coli O157:H7 förökas på ytan av bladgrönsaker och i vilken omfattning den förmår att krypa in och gömma sig i bladvävnaden. Invasion i bladvävnaden innebär att den blir oåtkomlig vid tvättning. För bladgrönt fann vi att E. coli O157:H7- kan invadera både oskadd växtvävnad och växtvävnad som skadats antingen mekaniskt eller genom sjukdomsangrepp, - förmår att överleva och att växa till på ytan av intakta och tryckskadade, skurna och strimlade blad och - tillväxten är växtspecifik.Glukos och fruktos var de främsta sockerarterna på bladytan av intakta eller tryckskadade blad. Glukos, fruktos, sukros och galaktos förekom i stora mängder på skurna resp. sönderdelade blad. Ett mycket starkt samband mellan tillväxt av E. coli och sockerhalten konstaterades.Våra resultat visar att hög hygien måste råda i hela produktionskedjan från jord till bord. Att skölja grönsakerna innan förtäring har begränsad effekt och når inte de skadeorganismerna som har trängt in i växtvävnaden. Studien har genomförts inom ramen av Tvärlivs-projekt "Risker för humanpatogener i frukt och grönt i en globaliserad värld och strategier att bemästra dem", samt Partnerskap Alnarp projektet "Förekomst av tarmsmittor i bladgrönt under processing", båda i samarbete med Sydgrönt ek. för.
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| 20. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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Effects of Using Water Treated by Artificial Wetlands on Root Rot Suppression and Tomato Growth
- 2011
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Ingår i: HortTechnology. - 1063-0198. ; 21, s. 759-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to evaluate the risks and benefits of using artificial wetland-treated waters to irrigate tomato plants (Lycopersicom esculentum) and the potential for suppression of Pythium ultimum. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using tap water (control) and treated waters coining from three types of horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetlands filled with pozzolana and implanted with common cattail (Typha latifolia). Wetland units contained either a simple [artificial wetland with sucrose (AWS)] or complex [artificial wetland with compost (AWC)] carbon source or no [artificial wetland with no carbon (AW)] additional carbon source. A complete randomized split-block design comparing root sensitivity to root rot (inoculated and uninoculated plants) in main plots and four nutrient solutions [1) control, 2) treated water from AWS, 3) treated water from AWC, and 4) treated water from AW] in subplots was used in six replications. Tomato plants were inoculated with P. ultimum twice during the experimental period. The use of treated waters reduced the in vivo root Pythium population by 84% and 100% when the treated waters were from AWS and AWC, respectively. In vitro trials showed that sterilization or membrane filtration (0.2 mu m) of treated waters significantly reduced the potential for suppression of P. ultimum, suggesting that microbial activity played an important role. On the other hand, all AW-treated waters had a negative effect on root development of uninoculated young tomato plants. Root dry weights of plants irrigated with treated waters was 56% lower than in control plants, while their shoot:root ratio was two times higher for plants irrigated with treated waters. The inoculated and AWC-treated water treatments also reduced the Fv:Fm ratio of dark-adapted leaves, representing the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Organic compounds present in treated waters, expressed as total and dissolved organic compounds, may have affected tomato root development.
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| 21. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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EHEC's öde på frilandsodlade grönsaker
- 2010
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sjukdomsutbrott orsakade av tarmsmittor (t.ex. Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Shigella, Norovirus) har tidigare främst förknippats med animaliska produkter. Under de senaste åren har dock utbrott relaterade till frukt och grönt ökat; 49 frukt- och grönt relaterade utbrott med ca 2500 sjukdomsfall registrerades under tiden 1997-2009. Mörkertalet är dock stort och kan beroende på sjukdomsalstraren vara 4-10 gånger högre. Fram till 2004 klassades hotet från frukt och grönt som ringa. Det svenska utbrottet av EHEC, en aggressiv form av E. coli, i samband med produktion av isbergssallad under hösten 2005, satte problemet med fekal förorening i frukt och grönt på den svenska agendan. Smittorna kan överföras i hela kedjan från jord till bord och problemet är mest påtagligt för frukt och grönt som konsumeras rå eller med minimal tillredning. Organisk gödsel och bevattningsvatten har identifierats som huvudsakliga smittkällor vid odling av frilandskulturer, men det finns även andra smittkällor, t.ex. vilda djur, husdjur och människor. För att förhindra dessa utbrott är det viktigt att bryta smittcykeln. Vi har studerat om E. coli, i synnerhet EHEC, överlever på grönt, när smittan överförts med bevattningsvatten. Vi använde oss av en EHEC-stam som inte kan framkalla sjukdom, men som i övrigt har de för EHEC unika miljömässiga egenskaperna (biokemisk EHEC). Enligt våra resultat minskar förekomsten av biokemisk EHEC med ökande tidsintervall mellan bevattnings- och skördetillfälle. Minskningen beror på halten av biokemisk EHEC i bevattningsvattnet. Val av E. coli-stam för provokation och analyssätt är väsentliga. För att undvika sjukdomsutbrott i samband med odling av persilja, ska ett intervall av 72 timmar mellan bevattning med smittat bevattningsvatten och skörd inte underskridas
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of lettuce growth, yield, and economic viability grown vertically on unutilized building wall in Dhaka City
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9634. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of safe food in the densely populated areas of the developing countries is the most challenging issue due to the speedy urbanization, fragile food transportation facilities, and reduced farmlands. Given this background, a study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic properties and economic viability of lettuce grown vertically in the wall of building in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Two lettuce cultivars (V1: Green wave and V2: New red fire) and three organic growing media (P1: 40% soil + 40% vermicompost + 20% coir; P2: 50% soil + 50% vermicompost; P3: 20% soil + 40% vermicompost + 40% spent mushroom compost) along with control (P0:100% soil) were used. The results revealed that plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, and total yield of leaf lettuce were significantly increased when the green-leafed cultivar (VI) was grown in the P1 compared to all other treatments, but V2 got maximum sensory attribute scores when grown in the P1. Lettuce leaves grown in the formulated growing media (P1, P2, and P3) had higher microbial infestation whereas, a lower content occurred in the P0. The higher economic return was observed in V1P1. These results provided baseline information for further study on urban commercial vertical farming on the building walls. These demonstrate the agronomic and economic potential for vertical farming in densely populated areas but emphasize the need for optimized food safety strategies.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Förundersökning rörande minskat näringsläckage från odlingar med frilandsgrönsaker i Skåne
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kväve (N) och fosfor (P) är två väsentliga faktorer bakom övergödningsproblematiken. Merparten av de svenska områdena med högt utsläpp av dessa ämnen ligger i södra Östersjön. Områdena kring den skånska kusten har klassats som särskilt känsliga områden. Samtidigt finns det mycket goda förutsättningar i Skåne för odling av kulturer med intensiva produktionsinsatser såsom frilandsgrönsaker. Odling av dessa kulturer förutsätter god tillgänglighet av näringsämnen, särskilt N, samt av vatten. Situationen i dessa kulturer är särskilt känslig i och med att många frilandsgrönsaker skördas i utvecklingsstadier med full tillväxt och då näringsupptaget är som störst. Det finns ett antal redskap för minskning av näringsläckage. Beräkning av växtnäringsbehovet och anpassning av gödslingen är två av dem. För att ytterligare komma tillrätta med problemet finns odlingsåtgärder såsom kvävemur, kalkfilter, reglerad dränering, uppsamling av vatten i dammar samt anläggning av våtmarker. Föreliggande rapport bygger på fallstudier i fem IP-odlingar i Skåne. Vi har utgått ifrån fält i fem pilotföretag med intensiva grönsaksväxtföljder i Skåne. De valda pilotföretagen ligger i vattendistrikten Södra Östersjön och Västerhavet. Pilotytorna varierade i storlek mellan 1 och 25 ha. Vi har analyserat förutsättningar för begränsning av näringsläckaget på pilotytorna ur ett biologiskt-teknologiskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. I odlarintervjuer sållades möjliga åtgärder fram för begränsning av näringsläckaget på de givna platserna. De av odlarna prioriterade åtgärderna bedömdes sedan också ur ekonomiskt perspektiv. Åtgärder på fältnivå som befanns relevanta att utreda vidare var kalkfilter, kvävemur, våtmark, reglerad dränering, biologisk alvluckring/mullhaltsförbättring samt restaurering av vattendrag med hästskovåtmark samt dammar med fosforavskiljning, rötning av stallgödsel, full Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) samt bygga en bevattningsdamm. Åtgärder på kulturnivå var bättre behovsanpassning av N och P dels genom förändrade proportioner i NPK-mikro-gödselmedel och dels genom en lärandeprocess med experiment och uppföljning. För de tre företag som inte redan tillämpade radmyllning vid sådd/plantering, till de kulturer där det var möjligt, var detta en relevant åtgärd. Andra åtgärder var bortförsel av skörderester för rötning och In season-CTF, djupluckring efter sättning/plantering, djupluckring vid bäddläggning samt bevattningsramp med slang. Ett försök att skatta effekten av åtgärderna samt beräkna kostnaden per sparat kg näringsämne gjordes på respektive företag. För kvävereduktion fanns viss möjlighet tack vare ungefärliga utlakningsberäkningar gjorda med STANK. Växtnäringsläckaget varierar mycket från fält till fält, från årstid till årstid och från kultur till kultur. Åtgärder i enskilda företag borde bygga på mätningar och kunskap och förutsätter en individuell prövning. De vinster man gör är dels inbesparade gödselmedel, dels miljövinster i form av minskade utsläpp. Dessa besparingar ska sättas i relation till de ökade kostnader som uppkommer
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| 26. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Green wheel : om målkonflikten rörande tunga batteridrivna vägtransporter och mikrobiella faror samt hållbarhet av bladgrönsaker
- 2022
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Låg självförsörjningsgrad, centralisering av marknaden, samt mycket varierande klimatförhållanden i Sverige som hindrar lokalproduktion av vegetabilier, detta är tre viktiga anledningar varför det svenska livsmedelssystemet är beroende av transporter. För att nå målet för ett "hållbart livsmedelssystem" måste transporter övergå till andra än fossila energikällor. Transporter av varor som är beroende av en kylkedja kräver inte bara energi för själva transporten, utan också för att hålla temperaturen på en nivå som inte äventyrar livsmedelssäkerhet och produktens hållbarhet. Maximitemperatur under transport av temperaturkänsliga matvaror har varit ett återkommande ämne i många brancher. I föreliggande rapport ställde vi oss frågan vilken betydelse temperaturskillnaden mellan 4 och 8 C under transport av bladgrönsaker har för tre mycket generaliserade körscenarion (200, 400 och 900 km) ur ett kvalitets- och livsmedelsäkerhetsperspektiv, med den psykrofila patogenen Listeria monocytogenes som modell. Studien utgår från två laddningskapaciteter för batterier (150 resp. 350 kW). Vi visar att laddningsinfrastrukturen är den mest avgörande faktorn som påverkar produkthållbarhet och livsmedelssäkerhet. Risk för nedsatt kvalitet och i synnerhet livsmedelsäkerhet ökar avsevärd med långa körtider vid en temperatur av 8 C i lastutrymmet.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
GREENRESILIENT – Applying agroecology to organic greenhouse production
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 1099-1105
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some organic greenhouse production systems are very intensive with potentially negative effects on the public trust on organic products as a whole. In this context, the year-round production of high quality and tasty vegetables in unheated and low-energy greenhouses or polytunnels, using resilient, sustainable and local systems, is a challenge, especially in areas with long winters and low light, low temperature conditions. The CORE Organic Cofund transnational project titled “Organic and biodynamic vegetable production in low-energy GREENhouses – sustainable, RESILIENT and innovative food production systems” (GREENRESILIENT) has taken up the challenge and aims to demonstrate that an agroecological approach to greenhouse production is feasible and allows the establishment of robust agroecosystems in different European areas. The use of agroecological practices in organic greenhouse production systems is an innovative approach and a team of scientists with multidisciplinary competences (agronomy, agroecology, soil chemistry, entomology, plant pathology, weed science, life cycle analysis) from 12 research centres in eight European countries are involved. Research activities are carried out in five experimental sites (two in Mediterranean countries and three in central and northern countries), comparing innovative systems in unheated or frost protected conditions to a standard organic system specific for each experimental site. Results obtained will be used for actors’ involvement (farmers, consumers and policy makers) and sustainability assessment.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Hygien och bevattningsvatten : ett kunskapsunderlag framtaget på uppdrag av projektet "Vatten som smittkälla till djur och människor" på Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt, finansierat av Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, outbreaks of food illnesses have more often been related to consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and sprouts subjected to non or minimal processing. Contamination may occur during the entire production chain, from farm to fork. Contaminated irrigation water may be one route for transmission. Production of high quality vegetables and fruits requires access to water upon the crop's demand which means that deprived access to natural water needs to be compensated by irrigation. This literature survey describes basic aspects for transmission of food illnesses through irrigation water with respect to the retention and internalisation by the crop, sources of irrigation water and mode of irrigation. Prospects to counteract contamination by crop management are considered in one section. As contamination that occurs at an early stage cannot be eliminated at a later stage, water of high microbiological quality and the safe use of irrigation water is an essential precondition for safe produce. Until today, there are no operational standards for quality management of irrigation water in Sweden. Comparison of international standards shows that there is no consensus on employed indicator organisms, thresholds or sampling mode. Some standards differentiate between water source, mode of application or risk group for exposure, whereas others are less specific. Consensus is also missing with respect to sampling frequency and calculation modes. Both the risk of exposure and the risk of infectivity must be determined upon risk assessment of irrigation water quality. Although factors that account for survival of different organisms causing food illnesses in the environment and on plants are known, there are no reliable models that predict the risk for transmission of food illnesses by low quality irrigation water from farm to fork.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Hygienization aspects of composting
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Handbook for composting and compost use in organic horticulture. - [Netherlands] : BioGreenhouse. - 9789462577497 ; , s. 63-69
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- • Compost use in agriculture always brings about the risk of introducing plant and human pathogens. • The backbone of the hygienization process consists of temperature, moisture content and chemical compounds formed during composting and activity of antagonists. • Compost produced by proper composting, i.e. a process that produces high temperatures during asufficiently long thermophilic phase can be applied safely. • Farmers should invest in good relationships with compost producers.
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| 34. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Impact of water quality and irrigation management on organic greenhouse horticulture
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water quality and water supply are essential for organic greenhouse grown crops to prevent soil contaminationby undesirable chemicals and microorganisms, while providing a sufficient amount of water for plant growth.The absence of natural precipitation combined with higher evapotranspiration due to higher temperatureand longer cropping period requires an adequate supply of water. Water quality is commonly defined by itschemical, physical, and biological attributes. It is closely linked to the soil/rock native components, surroundingenvironment and land use. The runoff from urban, industrial, farming, mining, and forestry activities alsosignificantly affects the quality of water available for greenhouse horticulture. High water quality is particularlyimportant in organic greenhouse production in order to prevent soil salinization and ensure optimal soil biologicalactivity. Indeed, unbalanced organic fertilizer inputs may contribute to soil salinity, while soil microbial activitiesresponsible for nutrient mineralization, soil suppressiveness and plant health, are affected by soil pH, ions, andcontaminants. Poor water quality can also result in drip and micro irrigation clogging, plant toxicity, and productcontamination by human pathogen or illicit compounds.To achieve sustainable water management, good knowledge of crops' water requirements is essential as isknowledge of the soil water characteristics that determine the irrigation scheduling. Moreover, the adequacyof the irrigation distribution system determines the accuracy of the water supplied. Crop water needs areoften determined on the basis of daily evapotranspiration and solar radiation levels. Different irrigation controltools such as soil moisture sensors, plant sensors, lysimeters and models contribute to the optimization of theirrigation management of organic greenhouse crops. In addition to determining crop productivity, water qualityand water management also impact on product quality.In this booklet we first illustrate the water flows through different organic greenhouse growing systems. Westate the importance of water quality for organic greenhouse horticulture and give some guidelines regardingthe required water quality attributes in terms of inorganic, organic and microbial loads as well as hazardousmicroorganisms and compounds. We also define advantages and disadvantages of different water resourcesand describe the important drivers for crop and soil water demand. We then report the effects of salinity on soilmineralisation and crop development in organic greenhouse production systems. The main irrigation technologyused for organic greenhouse horticulture is described along with the most important management aspects forirrigation. Because quality attributes of greenhouse products drive consumer demand for organic products, wedefine the impact of water quality and irrigation management on product quality. Organic farming should usecultural practices that maintain land resources and ecological balance, in addition to promoting biodiversity,biological cycles, and soil biological activity. We therefore state the importance of water resources and their usefor organic greenhouse system sustainability. We then conclude by summarizing main aspects of water qualityand irrigation management, and by identifying knowledge gaps.Better prediction of the temporal dynamics of plant and soil microbial water needs in relation to sustainableproductivity and high water use efficiency is needed for greenhouse horticultural crops. It is also importantin terms of reduced attractiveness to pests and susceptibility to diseases. A reduction in spatial and temporalcrop heterogeneity should result from improved growing systems and better water and crop management.Nevertheless, advances in irrigation management for conventional greenhouse crops and development of newcontrol tools can be adapted for use in organic greenhouse horticulture. Similarly, some water treatmentsof drained or collected waters such as thermal, UV, ozone and biological treatments can be used by growersaccording to their organic regulation. Consequently, research is needed in different areas of organic greenhousehorticulture: (i) water quality in terms of relevant thresholds for contaminants and potential risks related toplant and human pathogens; (ii) efficient measures to prevent clogging of the irrigation systems; (iii) alternativewater treatments and system cleaning products; (iv) better knowledge and guidelines for non-leaching systems;(v) affordable and highly efficient control tools to assist growers; and (vi) knowledge about the environmentalimpact of different water management and water sources used for organic greenhouse horticulture to helpgrowers fulfilling the organic principles and improve their sustainability.
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| 35. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrated greenhouse production in new light: prospects on improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 293-296
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60°N latitude) is dependent of artificial assimilation lighting, which is a common tool to improve plant performance and consequently profitability of ornamental crops and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. The anticipated light technology shift in the greenhouse industry not only affects crop growth and development but also quality of the produce. It also influences the interactions with the associated microbiota, i.e., community structure and function as well as establishment, dispersal, survival and propagation of microbial pathogens and biocontrol agents. We present a novel ecological theory and principle based approach for integrated production of greenhouse crops, using improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases.
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| 36. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp+ in rocket and Swiss chard baby leaves as affected by abiotic and biotic damage
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Letters in Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-8254 .- 1472-765X. ; 65, s. 35-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internalization of human pathogens in edible parts of vegetables eaten raw is a major concern, since once internalized they are protected from sanitizing treatments. In this study, we examined the invasion of gfp-labelled Escherichia coli O157:H7 into intact and biotically (infection with Xanthomonas campestris/Pseudomonas syringae) and abiotically (grating with silicon carbide) damaged leaves of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Bacterial cells were found in internal locations of the tissue, irrespective of tissue health status. Contaminated leaf sections of biotically and abiotically damaged wild rocket leaves showed higher susceptibility to microbial invasion, while the pathogen was internalized in greater numbers into intact Swiss chard leaf sections when abiotically, but not biotically, damaged. The greatest differences were observed between the plant species; after surface sanitization, E.coli O157:H7 was still detected in wild rocket leaves, but not in Swiss chard leaves.Significance and Impact of the StudyContamination of leafy vegetables with Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a growing problem, as reported outbreaks are increasing. However, establishment of this human pathogen in the phyllosphere is not completely understood. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that E.coli O157:H7gfp+ can invade plant tissue of Swiss chard and wild rocket leaves and that the bacterium is more sensitive to surface sanitization of Swiss chard leaves. Damage to leaf tissue promoted leaf invasion, but the nature of the damage (abiotic or biotic) and plant species had an impact.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Life of peat : biological characterization and evaluation
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peat is the dominant constituent in horticultural growing media (GM). Growing media are commonly evaluated with respect to their physical and chemical properties whereas few biological properties usually are claimed (absence of pathogens and weed seeds). This bio-exclusive perspective is inherited from the late 60ies/early 70ies when technical aspects dominated intensive horticultural crop production. The prospect of the 1990ies and early 2000 opened up for the active use of biological properties in horticultural growing media (GM), namely GENIII-growing media. Introduction of, or the active use of biological functions in growing media, requires tools for a more thorough biological characterization of GM, both with respect to composition of the microbiota and microbial processes. Of particular interest are processes of the indigenous microbiota, performance of introduced organisms or microbially mediated processes as well as plant health aspects. These are presented in this literature survey
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| 39. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant-Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems-A Review
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Horticulturae. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-7524. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60 degrees N latitude), but also at lower latitudes, is dependent on artificial assimilation lighting to improve plant performance and the profitability of ornamental crops, and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. In order to reduce energy consumption and energy costs, alternative technologies for lighting have been introduced, including light-emitting diodes (LED). This technology is also well-established within urban farming, especially plant factories. Different light technologies influence biotic and abiotic conditions in the plant environment. This review focuses on the impact of light quality on plant-microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. Bacterial and fungal pathogens, biocontrol agents, and the phyllobiome are considered. Relevant molecular mechanisms regulating light-quality-related processes in bacteria are described and knowledge gaps are discussed with reference to ecological theories.
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| 40. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbiological Aspects on Irrigation Water Quality to Field Grown Vegetables
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 852, s. 53-60
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food safety is an increasing problem in relation to vegetables, regarding both ready-to-eat produces, such as leafy salad, spinach and fruit as well as frozen produces that have not been exposed to pasteurization prior to freezing. Contamination may occur during the entire production chain. However, in connection with invasive enteric pathogens, slurry, farmyard manure, sewage sludge and irrigation water have been highlighted as potential sources for pathogen dispersal. Especially, the dispersal of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. is a considerable threat. An increasing number of outbreaks have been reported. To prevent the spread of invasive enteric bacteria by irrigation water, water sources, such as well water as well as community potable water have been proposed. The present paper describes pathogens of significance that may be spread by irrigation water supplied to field vegetables and presents some recent results on survival of human pathogens in water, soil and on vegetables. The current status of standards for microbiological quality of irrigation water to fresh or minimally processed fruit and vegetables is discussed.
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| 41. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
Mikrobiologiska faror i grönsakskedjan under primärproduktion
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste åren har utbrott av magsjukor relaterade till frukt och grönsaker ökat globalt. Kontaminering kan ske i hela det komplexa produktionsnätverket. Då många frukter och grönsaker konsumeras direkt, d.v.s. rå utan uppvärmningssteg och kontaminering som skett i ett tidigare i produktionskedjan inte kan tvunget kan åtgärdas i ett senare skede, är förebyggande åtgärder under primärproduktionen väsentliga. Föreliggande litteratursammanställning är ett led i att säkra hygien under primärproduktion av frukt och grönsaker och har delfinansierats av Jordbruksverket inom ramen för stöd till insatser på livsmedelsområdet (Diarienummer 19-666/12). Avsikten med denna skrift är att beskriva sambandet mellan odlingsresurser samt -åtgärder och mikrobiologiska faror under primärproduktion utifrån vetenskaplig litteratur att identifiera kritiska moment samt att identifiera kunskapsluckor.Sammanställningen väljer en dubbel ansats då den å ena sidan utgår ifrån mikrobiologiska faror (bakterier, virus, protozoa) av betydelse för primära produktionssystem för frukt, bär och grönsaker (inkl. örter och groddar) och å andra sidan belyser växten som ett habitat för mikroorganismer. Det är mikrobiologiska faror som står i första rummet när enskilda odlingsresurser (personal, mark/odlingssubstrat, organiskt gödsel, vatten), åtgärder (hygien, gödsling, bevattning, kulturens hälsostatus/växtskydd) och odlingssätt presenteras. I och med att rapporten är skriven för en bred målgrupp över hela produktionsnätverket för frukt och grönt (inkl. distribution och handel), har det getts ett större utrymme åt vissa grundläggande odlingsresurser och -åtgärder.
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| 42. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Nedbrytningsstudie av bekämpningsmedel i näringslösning
- 2012
-
Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I vattendrag i växthustäta områden har bekämpningsmedelsrester kunnat spåras. En trolig väg är att bekämpningsmedelsrester tar sig ur växthuset via dräneringslösningen. För slutna odlingssystem skulle det kunna innebära att bekämpningsmedel som rinner ner i odlingssubstratet, öppna uppsamlingskanaler av dräneringsvatten eller direkt in i näringslösningen inte – som förutsatt – bryts ner, utan förekommer i näringslösningen efter karenstidens slut. Bekämpningsmedel i en recirkulerande näringslösning kan endast försvinna genom kemisk eller biologisk nedbrytning. Vi testade i en inledande studie • om bekämpningsmedelsrester finns efter karenstidens slut och • hur snabbt de eventuellt kan brytas ner. Teldor WG 50 används mot gråmögel i tomatodling. Vi använde Teldor WG50 som modellsubstans (aktiv substans: fenhexamid) i en hundradelskoncentration av en vanlig sprutlösning. Undersökningen pågick under 21 dagar, dvs sju gånger längre än preparatets karenstid. Prover togs vid 6 tillfällen, nämligen 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 eller 21 dagar efter tillsats av substansen. Utöver detta följde vi halten av organiska ämnen, ledningstal och pH samt förekomsten av bakterier och svampar (levande celltal) i medier utan och med Teldor samt dynamiken av mikrobiella samhällen under inkubationen. Vi undersökte också om det fanns bakterier och svampar som kan växa till med Teldor som enda energikälla. Vi konstaterade att • halten fenhexamid inte förändrades under observationsperioden; • halten löst organiskt kol inte förändrades under observationsperioden; • ledningstalet och pH ökade något under observationsperioden; • levande celltal (CFU/ml) av bakterier och svampar varierade inte nämnvärt under observationsperioden; • levande celltal av fluorescerande pseudomonader ökade något under observationsperioden; • levande celltal av svampar påverkades signifikant då de odlades i medium med fenhexamid; • organismer från dräneringslösningen överlevde väl under de näringsfattiga betingelserna på vattenagar med tillsats av Teldor; • sammansättningen av mikrobiella samhällen i dräneringslösningen förändrades över tid i närvaro av Teldor. Vi drar slutsatsen att fenhexamid inte bryts ner i näringslösning under den tre dagar långa karenstiden, att rester av Teldor kan kvarstå under en lång tid i näringslösning och att mikroorganismer i dräneringslösningen inte bidrog till nedbrytningen av det tillsatta bekämpningsmedlet.
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| 43. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
New challenges for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 1079-1084
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish consumers buy increasing amounts of organic food. Also, the Swedish Government aspires to increase food sovereignty and volume of organic food stuff in public meals from 36 (2017) to 60% in 2030. There is a substantial mismatch between demand and the production of organic vegetables. Today, 4.9% of the total greenhouse area in Sweden is used for organic production. The majority of organic production of greenhouse vegetables in Sweden is performed in containers and confined beds. The approval of the revised European regulation for organic farming in 2018 reinforces production in natural soil, leads to dramatic changes for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden. Confined beds need to be phased out. Cultivation methods that conserve or increase organic matter in the soil should be used. Thus, soil bound systems using crop rotations and soil fertility maintaining activities need to be implemented. This corroborates with increased burden of soil borne diseases and lower yields. Such systems, well established in southern Europe, cannot be translated to northern European conditions, due to constraints in climate and day length, as well as constraints due to greenhouse construction (permanent construction). This presentation displays the challenges and consequences to meet the changed legislation.
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| 44. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Ornamental flowers in new light: Artificial lighting shapes the microbial phyllosphere community structure of greenhouse grown sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 216, s. 234-247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial assimilation lighting is a common practice in greenhouse horticulture in the circumpolar region to compensate for natural low light conditions. To modulate plant architecture, regulate flowering of photoperiodic crops, increase plant performance per energy input and consequently profitability, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been suggested as a powerful tool for ornamental growers in complementary or replacement of conventional lighting such as incandescent, fluorescent and high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. As LED light differs from HPS lamps with regard to spectral output, light distribution as well as heat emission, the microclimate within the crop stand is affected. In two independent experiments conducted in fall and winter, we therefore compared the effect of two types of LED light (red 660 nm + blue 460 nm LED, 80:20 RB-LED; white LED, W-LED) with HPS lighting on ornamental sunflowers (Helianthus annuus cv. 'Teddy Bear'). Depending of the solar radiation (fall vs winter experiments), a same PPFD of 70-120 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) of artificial lighting (photoperiod of 16 h) was given at the top of the plants. Plant growth performance and biomass, leaf temperature, photobiological parameters (photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence) as well as the leaf associated microbiome, assessed using culture dependent and independent methods on apical, directly exposed to the light treatments, and basal leaves, were studied. As expected, significant differences were obtained for plant related parameters between the two repetitions of the experiment due to difference in solar radiation. Light treatments influenced plant growth performance which was lower for all parameters in sunflowers exposed to LEDs than HPS. However, no differences were found with respect to photobiological parameters. Top leaf temperature was higher in the presence of HPS than LEDs, which explained the lower plant growth performance observed under LED regimes. Colony-forming units representing culturable fungi and fluorescent pseudomonads were higher on basal leaves than on apical ones, but did not vary with respect to light treatments. On the other hand, biodiversity estimated with respect to species abundance and evenness (Shannon-H index) and species richness (Chao1) revealed different patterns for the fungal and bacterial microbiome. Regardless of the leaf position, light treatments affected fungal species abundance and evenness, which was highest on leaves exposed to HPS, but not species richness. The fungal microbiome was more diverse on apical than on basal leaves. For the bacterial microbiome, biodiversity estimates differed between the repetitions. Interactions between leaf temperature and bacterial genera were found for several of the dominant genera in the sunflower phyllosphere (Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Enhydro bacter) while other decisive bacterial and fungal genera were correlated to photobiological parameters, e.g. Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Brevibatericum, Bacillus, Hypotrachyna, Aureobasidium. The use of "new light" in greenhouse ornamentals is not only a technological change modifying plant morphology and development, but also affects the microbial ecology on plant surfaces, implying consequences on plant protection issues and biological control strategies. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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Patterns of Fungal and Bacterial Carbon Mineralization Across Northern European Peatlands
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geomicrobiology Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0149-0451 .- 1521-0529. ; 32, s. 914-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal and bacterial activity was determined in 20 northern European peatlands ranging from ombrotrophic bogs to eutrophic fens with key differences in degree of humification, pH, dry bulk density, carbon (C) content and vegetation communities using the selective inhibition (SI) technique. These peatlands were partly disturbed and the respective water tables lowered below the surface layer. Basal respiration ranged from 24 to 128 mu g CO2-C g(-1) dry peat d(-1). Bacterial contributions to CO2 production were high in most peatlands and showed the following pattern: eutrophic >> transitional mesotrophic >> ombrotrophic peatland types. The fungal-to-bacterial (F:B) ratios varied substantially within peatland type, and this was mainly attributed to differences in peat botanical compositions and chemistry. The computed mean Inhibitor Additivity Ratio (IAR) was quite close to 1 to suggest that the SI techniques can be used to partition eukaryotic and prokaryotic activity in wide range of peatlands. Overall, basal respiration, microbial biomass-C, fungal and bacterial activities varied across the studied peatland types, and such differences could have consequences for C- and nutrient-cycling as well as how bogs and fens will respond to environmental changes.
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| 47. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of fenhexamid in the nutrient solution of a closed cropping system
- 2013
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Ingår i: Agricultural Water Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3774. ; 127, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are concerns about emissions of plant protection products (PPP) from protected cultivations, including high-tech production systems. Modern high-tech greenhouse horticulture is performed in cropping systems with closed water and nutrient loops, so PPP residues are not leaked to the external environment, but are captured and may accumulate within the recycled greenhouse solution. In this pilot study, the botryticide fenhexamid (FEX; Teldor WG50®) was used as a model PPP and incubated (0.01 times the recommended concentration spray solution) in the colonized nutrient solution from a closed tomato production system in darkness at 20 ◦C. Samples were taken after 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 192 h and 504 h (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 21 days) of incubation to monitor FEX concentration, dissolved organic carbon content (DOC), electrical conductivity, pH and microbial dynamics. Culture-dependent (viable counts for general bacterial, fungal flora and fluorescent pseudomonads on stationary agar, with/without supplement of FEX) and independent (denatured gradient gel electrophoresis, PCR-DGGE) methods were used for microbial analyses. DOC and FEX concentration did not change during incubation, whereas pH and electrical conductivity increased significantly. Density of culturable fungi decreased from the start of incubation, while density of culturable bacteria declined in late incubation. Fluorescent pseudomonads declined in early incubation but increased significantly at later stages. Under nutrient-deprived conditions, density of culturable bacteria decreased during the course of incubation. Microbial community analysis by DGGE supported these findings. Differences between the density of culturable bacteria assessed on semi-selective media with and without FEX supplementation were low. However, addition of FEX to diluted malt extract agar negatively affected the density of culturable fungi.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Preharvest Measures for Increased Biosafety of Field Grown Crops
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 922, s. 269-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable consumption have increased worldwide. Contamination may occur at any point during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water and organic manure as major routes for contamination. Microbial related sickness causes considerable and in some cases life-long suffering and death as well as substantial economic losses. In this study we focused on irrigation water quality from surface water sources. The study was divided into three parts (i) monitoring of the hygienic status of five surface water sources in Southern Sweden, (ii) selection of indicator organisms for an irrigation water quality criteria and (iii) improvement of surface water with inferior microbial quality. Water samples were collected in both a long-and short-term study and analyzed with respect to process indicators and indicators for short term and long term fecal contamination as well as enteric pathogens. Considerable variation occurred between and within sampling incidents and between categories of surface water sources, with lake and creek water as the most hazardous sources. Salmonella spp. was identified repeatedly in four of five surface water sources. Due to high similarity, E. coli may serve as a sole parameter for short term contamination. This together with the analysis of intestinal enterococci and Salmonella spp., should be integrated in a future risk assessment of surface water. Photocatalytic water treatment reduced the number of all indicator organisms and therefore appears to be a potential tool to improve surface water of inferior quality.
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| 50. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Produce quality and safety
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rooftop urban agriculture. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319577197 ; , s. 195-216
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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