| 1. |
- Alshiekh, Alak, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of cisplatin binding to short r(GG) containing miRNA mimics - influence of Na(+)versus K(+), temperature and hydrophobicity on reactivity.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234 .- 1477-9226. ; 44:28, s. 12623-12632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nucleic acids are well recognized targets for platinum-based anticancer drugs, with RNA and DNA being kinetically comparable. In the case of RNA, previous studies have shown that the reaction between small duplex RNAs (dsRNAs) and monoaquated cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(OH2)(+), ) can be followed by the metal induced hyperchromicity occurring directly after addition of to e.g. microRNA mimics. In the present study, we have used this approach to compare thermal stability and reactivity between intracellularly- and extracellularly relevant salt concentration (CNa(+) and CK(+)ca. 0.1 M), and also as a function of increased hydrophobicity (10% v/v EtOH). In addition, reactivity was studied as a function of temperature in the interval ca. 5-20 °C below the respective dsRNA melting temperatures (Tms). Four different 13- to 20-mer dsRNAs with two different central sequence motifs were used as targets containing either a central r(GG)·r(CC)- or r(GG)·r(UAU)-sequence. The reactions exhibited half-lives in the minute- to hour range at 38 °C in the presence of excess in the μM range. Further, a linear dependence was found between C and the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants. The resulting apparent second-order rate constants were significantly larger for the lower melting r(GG)·r(UAU)-containing sequences compared with that of the fully complementary ones; the higher and lower reactivities represented by RNA-1-3 and RNA-1-1 with k2,appca. 30 and 8 M(-1) s(-1) respectively at CNa(+) = 122 mM. For all RNAs a common small, but significant, trend was observed with increased reactivity in the presence of K(+) compared with Na(+), and decreased reactivity in the presence of EtOH. Finally, the temperature dependence of k2,app was evaluated using the Eyring equation. The retrieved activation parameters reveal positive values for both ΔH(≠) and ΔS(≠) for all dsRNAs, in the range ca. 23-34 kcal mol(-1) and 22-57 cal K(-1) mol(-1) respectively. These values indicate solvational effects to be important for the rate determining step of the reaction, and thus in support of a structural change of the dsRNA to take place in parallel with the adduct formation step.
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| 2. |
- Polonyi, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Cisplatin-induced duplex dissociation of complementary and destabilized short GG-containing duplex RNAs.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234. ; 43:31, s. 11941-11949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of the anticancer active drug cisplatin to exert biological activity through interference with nucleic acid function is well documented. Since kinetics play a key role in determining product distributions in these systems, methods for accurate documentation of reactivity serve the purpose to identify preferential metal binding sites. In the present study, the aim has been to further explore a recently communicated approach (C. Polonyi and S. K. C. Elmroth, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 14959-14962) utilizing UV/vis spectroscopy and metal induced duplex RNA melting for monitoring of kinetics. More specifically, the sensitivity of the UV/vis-methodology has been evaluated by investigation of how overall length and changes of base-pairing in the close vicinity of a centrally located GG-site affect the rate of cisplatin binding, using the intracellularly active mono-aquated form of cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(OH2)(+), ()) as the platination reagent. For this purpose, the reactivity of five different 13- to 17 base-pair duplex RNAs was monitored at 38 °C. A common trend of a ca. 10-fold reduction in reactivity was found to accompany an increase of bulk sodium concentration from CNa+ = 122 mM to 1.0 M. Typical half-lives are exemplified by the interaction of with the fully complementary 15-mer RNA-1 with t1/2 = ca. 0.5 and 4.8 hours, at CNa+ = 122 mM and 1.0 M respectively, and C = 45 μM. Lowering of melting temperature (Tm) was found to promote reactivity regardless of whether the change involved a decrease or increase of the RNA length. For example, at CNa+ = 1.0 M, truncation of the fully complementary and GG-containing 15-mer RNA-1 (Tm = 68.9 °C) to the 13-mer RNA-1-1-S (Tm = 63.9 °C) resulted in an increase of k2,app from ca. 0.9 M(-1) s(-1) to 2.0 M(-1) s(-1). Further, the 17-mer RNA-1-4 (Tm = 42.0 °C) with a central U4 bulge exhibited the highest reactivity of the sequences studied with k2,app = 4.0 M(-1) s(-1). The study shows that the reactivity of GG-sequences in RNA exhibit a strong variation depending on exact sequence context, and with imperfectly matched and/or stacked regions as particularly reactive sites.
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| 3. |
- Rao, Harita, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis and DNA interactions of a chimera between a platinum complex and an IHF mimicking peptide.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0539 .- 1477-0520. ; 13:48, s. 11704-11713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conjugation of metal complexes with peptide scaffolds possessing high DNA binding affinity has shown to modulate their biological activities and to enhance their interaction with DNA. In this work, a platinum complex/peptide chimera was synthesized based on a model of the Integration Host Factor (IHF), an architectural protein possessing sequence specific DNA binding and bending abilities through its interaction with a minor groove. The model peptide consists of a cyclic unit resembling the minor grove binding subdomain of IHF, a positively charged lysine dendrimer for electrostatic interactions with the DNA phosphate backbone and a flexible glycine linker tethering the two units. A norvaline derived artificial amino acid was designed to contain a dimethylethylenediamine as a bidentate platinum chelating unit, and introduced into the IHF mimicking peptides. The interaction of the chimeric peptides with various DNA sequences was studied by utilizing the following experiments: thermal melting studies, agarose gel electrophoresis for plasmid DNA unwinding experiments, and native and denaturing gel electrophoresis to visualize non-covalent and covalent peptide-DNA adducts, respectively. By incorporation of the platinum metal center within the model peptide mimicking IHF we have attempted to improve its specificity and DNA targeting ability, particularly towards those sequences containing adjacent guanine residues.
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