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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Havemo, Emelie, 1987-
(författare)
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Den visuella bilden av organisationen : Perspektiv på visualitet i accounting
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organisations play a crucial role as actors that shape material action and societal discourse; therefore, it is important to understand the ways in which they gain legitimacy and how they shape society. The power of accounting representations to construct the accounting object – the organisation – is therefore a key concern in the accounting literature. Accounting is widely treated as a numbers-based ‘language of business’ through which ‘paper world’ representations shape outcomes in the material world. At present, visuality (the presence of visual images and visual thinking) is gaining influence as a means to represent organisations and construct accounting objects visually. As visuality continues to expand into the realm of accounting, questions emerge about its role and the possibilities of combining the two ‘languages’ during a time when management research is facing a “visual turn”.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the nature of visuality in accounting. The dissertation is based on five essays that contribute to the visual turn through semiotic analysis of visual texts and qualitative case studies. Paper I explores how business model diagrams – an example of a corporate self-representation – can be designed, and proposes a typology of four main logics for illustrating value creation: classification, circularity, processes and transactions. Paper II describes the development of visuals use in the annual report, finding that visuals are used in greater numbers overall, and that diagrams are a relatively new visual resource in financial reporting. The paper also outlines the trend of a materiality, that is, that visuals increasingly refer to a non-specific and symbol-based idea of the organisation. In Paper III, internal and external representations of a business model are compared, and I conclude that self-representations can be based on parallel but conflicting interpretations of an idea. Paper IV proposes a new visual method for analysing combinations of graphs and texts, and shows that the ‘rhythm’ of graph use in the annual report increasingly integrates visuality in accounting narratives so that accounting and visuality overlap. Finally, Paper V explores challenges and opportunities of a digitalisation of visual artefacts based on the experiences of three organisations that used visual management before the transition.The theoretical contribution of this dissertation is framed in terms of two perspectives. First, a developmental perspective highlights that the nature of visuality has become more prominent in accounting settings, and that the nature of visuality has changed from materiality-based to a material practices that favour conceptual visualisations like diagrams and visual symbols. Second, visuality is explored from an ‘overlaps’ perspective. Three explanations for the role of visuality in accounting are synthesised from the literature: separation, convergence and multilingualism. The contribution is to conceptualise these ‘overlap models’ and thereby deepen the understanding of the role played by visuality in accounting. I also propose a fourth model – bridging – to extend the range of explanations for the meaning of a visual form of accounting.Based on the findings that visuality is more prominent and that the role of visuality is changing, it is proposed visual literacy is an important skill for practitioners who use visual images in accounting. The dissertation presents two frameworks that can contribute to visual literacy. The ‘transformationality framework’ shows how to analyse underlying ideas in corporate diagrams, and the ‘rhythm framework’ illustrates how to shape, use and analyse accounting texts in terms of how combinations of visuals form different rhythms in the annual report.
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| 4. |
- Alvehus, Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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4 myter om professionalla organisationer
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur leds och styrs egentligen professionella organisationer? Är det professionella ideal eller är det effektivitet och kostnadsbesparingar som är viktigast? Vad spelar arbetsprocesser, strukturer och strategier för roll? Och behövs verkligen ledarskap? I ett försök att besvara dessa frågor ger sig boken i kast med fyra myter, eller populära föreställningar, om professionella serviceorganisationer:1 Professionella serviceorganisationer är platta organisationer med låga inslag av byråkrati 2 Professionellt arbete präglas av frihet och autonomi 3 a) Professionella arbetare måste styras b) Professionellt arbete måste styras 4 Professionella behöver ledarskapDe fyra myterna belyses i detalj och både ifrågasätts och nyanseras. I centrum för resonemanget står arbete, och boken närmar sig frågor om struktur, strategi, ledarskap och olika former av styrning, bl.a. human resource management, kulturstyrning och tidsstyrning. Bokens bidrag till teori, praktik och den bredare samhällsdebatten sammanfattas i form av fyra motmyter.4 myter om professionella organisationer tar sin utgångspunkt i aktuell forskning inom företagsekonomi och professionssociologi och vänder sig till studerande inom områdena organisation, management och ledarskap. Boken kan även ses som ett inlägg i debatten om hur professionella organisationer bör styras, vilket gör den intressant för såväl chefer som medarbetare inom den typen av organisationer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A New Professional Landscape : Entangled Institutional Logics in Two Swedish Welfare Professions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - 2245-0157. ; 8:3, s. 91-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has made three parallel but incompatible observations on the contemporary development of welfare professions: loss of professional autonomy, hybridization, and maintained autonomy. Yet, research providing contextual understanding of the simultaneous occurrence of these three observations is lacking. The aim of this theoretical paper is to identify and explain seemingly contradictory coexisting features of modern welfare professions through a compre-hensive reading of current literature on the health care and teaching professions in Sweden. The literature has demonstrated entangled institutional logics, in which simultaneous but differing effects occur, thereby developing a new professional landscape.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Administration i offentlig sektor. Om expansion, elevering och mittokrati.
- 2024
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Administrationen växer i våra offentliga verksamheter. Alltmer resurser samlas ovanför kärnverksamheten, men också nedanför ledningen. Det som växer fram är en ny organisationsform, mittokratin, en organisation som domineras av sin mellersta del, administrationen. Varför sker denna utveckling och vad får det för konsekvenser? För att förstå varför måste vi förstå vilka drivkrafter som ligger bakom. Den här boken identifierar och synliggör en konkret och viktig utmaning för organisatörer av offentlig sektor.
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| 9. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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All jazz är skitdålig!
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Alvehus, Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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All metodlitteratur är inte dålig
- 2014
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Ingår i: Universitetsläraren. - 0282-4973. ; :9, s. 27-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 11. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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All metodlitteratur är inte dålig
- 2014
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Ingår i: Universitetsläraren. - 0282-4973. ; :9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Att skriva sin text på nytt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 15. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Att sätta punkt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 16. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Blackboxing leadership: Methodological practices leading to manager-centrism
- 2023
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Ingår i: Leadership. - : SAGE Publications. - 1742-7169 .- 1742-7150. ; 19:1, s. 85-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scholarly literature on leadership has long been characterized by leader-centrism, in the sense of a focus on individual leaders, their characteristics and actions. This tendency has been strongly criticized, not least by scholars with a critical perspective. However, we still see a strong emphasis on leaders and managers in empirical studies of leadership. In this article, we suggest that this tendency is at least in part a consequence of common methodological blackboxing practices within leadership studies. We identify two such blackboxing practices: delegation, where identification of the core phenomenon is left to informants, and proxying, when more easily defined phenomena are taken to stand for leadership. We suggest that a consequence of such practices is an unintended focus on managers, and attempts to avoid leader-centrism that rely on these blackboxing practices therefore paradoxically might result in manager-centrism.
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| 17. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Bureaucratic utopia reconsidered
- 2018
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Ingår i: Kultura i Spoleczenstwo. - 0023-5172. ; :4
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Clients and cases: ambiguity and the division of labour in professional service firms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Baltic Journal of Management. - 1746-5265. ; 12:4, s. 408-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeBy drawing on a detailed case study of the work of tax consultants, the purpose of this paper is to develop a more detailed understanding of the role of ambiguity in professional work, and its relationship to the division of labour in professional service firms (PSFs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a three-year, longitudinal interpretive case study comprising 42 interviews, supplemented by observations and document data.FindingsThe research determines that processes of “obfuscation” and “privatisation” separate client work from case work. This maintains a division of labour between junior and senior professionals, which in turn facilitates financial leverage. The findings indicate that a more nuanced view on the role and origins of ambiguity is needed; particularly the role ambiguity plays in the division of labour. While inherent in professional work, ambiguity is also an effect of the way work processes are organised in order to obtain leverage.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on a case study. Therefore, the paper explores its topic in empirical detail, but at the same time calls for exploring the topic in different contexts. The paper encourages further research on the role ambiguity plays being constituted by structural arrangements, and on the way the core of professionalism is inverted by the division of labour. The paper highlights the value of detailed empirical approaches for understanding professional work.Practical implicationsThe paper draws attention to the way ambiguity becomes a part in sustaining a division of labour among professional workers, and to the importance of this in maintaining financial leverage as well as in creating a precarious work situation for junior professionals.Social implicationsThe paper raises concerns about the way professional work is legitimated in society as opposed to how it is constructed in PSFs.Originality/valueThe paper challenges prevalent notions of professional work as ambiguous, offering instead a way of engaging with professional work processes in detail, theoretically and methodologically. Traditional assumptions about the division of labour and the “core” of professional work are problematized, and traditional assumptions about ambiguity as a cause of specific structural arrangements are questioned.
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| 19. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Conflicting logics? The role of HRM in a professional service firm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Resource Management Journal. - : Wiley. - 0954-5395. ; 28:1, s. 31-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HRM is considered of vital strategic importance in professional service firms, but professionals generally resist these managerial initiatives. In this article, I report on an in-depth case study of a tax consultancy department in a major accounting firm by exploring the way professionals reconcile the logics of professionalism and HRM. Results indicate that the logics are reconciled in several ways as they are simultaneously replicated, revised, and rejected. Whereas current theories argue that the different logics balance each other, this study indicates that the professionals strengthen professional logic by acknowledging HRM and its procedures, simultaneously circumventing them through inverted appropriation. Results suggest that hybridity between conflicting logics may appear on an organisational level, whereas a single logic dominates in everyday work. The study contributes to in-depth studies of institutional logics and to a detailed understanding of the workings of HRM in professional contexts.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Critical theories
- 2020
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Ingår i: Theories and perspectives in business administration. - 9789144127088 ; , s. 325-350
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Dags att ifrågasätta managementkonsulternas trams
- 2018
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 13-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Managementkonsulternas lösningar saknar allt som oftast stabilt stöd i seriös forskning. Det borde egentligen vara högst kontroversiellt att chefer och politiker väljer att följa råden från dessa karriärister med begränsad erfarenhet, skriverJohan Alvehus, lektor vid Lunds universitet.
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| 23. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Det viktiga sker i klassrummet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Helsingborgs Dagblad. - 1103-9388.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Docility, obedience and discipline: Towards dirtier leadership studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Change Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-1811 .- 1469-7017. ; 21:1, s. 120-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership is a popular term, among scholars and in general. It is romanticized and seems to cover everything and nothing. Its analytical value has therefore been questioned, and so has the very existence of leadership as a phenomenon. Here, based on the social psychology of GH Mead, I argue that leadership is a fundamental human phenomenon emanating from docility. By exploring this through the lens of three classic texts – Milgram’s Obedience to Authority, Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, and Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management – I argue that processes that accomplish leadership are often not understood as leadership, but as something else, for example manipulation or management. More generally, I argue that leadership disappears as we identify the details of its manifestations, and from this I argue that leadership is a concept that denies its own ontological foundation. My conclusions suggest that leadership scholars and practitioners increasingly should draw attention to the choices involved in leadership processes and to practices commonly seen as not being about leadership – leadership studies will benefit from making the immaculate concept of leadership dirtier.
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| 26. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Emergent, distributed, and orchestrated : Understanding leadership through frame analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Leadership. - : SAGE Publications. - 1742-7150 .- 1742-7169. ; 15:5, s. 535-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership scholars are beginning to understand leadership as a distributed phenomenon, produced in interaction and emerging in social situations. Although this perspective has contributed to understanding leadership processes in more detail, it has also been noted that its proponents have largely neglected power and asymmetrical hierarchical relations. In this paper, I address these issues by drawing on Erving Goffman’s notion of frame analysis. Through detailed analysis of the interactions in a core-values session, I show how leadership processes that appear to be distributed and emergent from the participants’ framework appear orchestrated when understood from the manager’s framework. The analysis reveals how power asymmetries operate in the framing of the situation, and how the experience of leadership differs among participants. Talk, text, tools, and movements in time and space all contribute to establish frameworks, and differences in access to these modalities show power asymmetries. The paper highlights how the experience of leadership is framed and how power asymmetries constitute this framing. It thereby contributes to multimodal, constructivist theories of distributed leadership by showing how leadership is simultaneously emergent, distributed, and orchestrated.
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| 27. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Fel tänkt om rektorsrollen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
- Alvehus, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Financialization as a strategy of workplace control in professional service firms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Critical Perspectives on Accounting. - 1045-2354 .- 1095-9955. ; 23, s. 497-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, there has been an increased focus on finance as a form of control in corporations. In this paper, we explore financialization as an employee control strategy in a Big Four accountancy firm, and more specifically how it affects the everyday lives of the professionals within the firm. We found financialization involved attempts to transform employees working lives into an investment activity where work was experienced as ‘billable hours’ that are ‘invested’ in the hope of a high future pay-off. Employees sought to increase the value of their investment by skilful manipulation. If wisely managed, this investment could yield significant benefits in the future. We argue that financialization involves active employee participation and is a way of binding other forms of control together.
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| 29. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Financialization as a strategy of workplace control in professional service firms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Critical Perspectives on Accounting. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 1045-2354 .- 1095-9955. ; 23:497-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, there has been an increased focus on finance as a form of control in corporations. In this paper, we explore financialization as an employee control strategy in a Big Four accountancy firm, and more specifically how it affects the everyday lives of the professionals within the firm. We found financialization involved attempts to transform employees work- ing lives into an investment activity where work was experienced as ‘billable hours’ that are ‘invested’ in the hope of a high future pay-off. Employees sought to increase the value of their investment by skilful manipulation. If wisely managed, this investment could yield significant benefits in the future. We argue that financialization involves active employee participation and is a way of binding other forms of control together.
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| 30. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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First teachers – stratification in Swedish schools
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article is about professions in transformation and the empirical case is the teaching profession. More specifically, it is about an attempt to strengthen the profession by introducing a new career step, first teachers (FTs). The aim of the study is to scrutinize what first teachers do and how they establish the position in the school system. Four main categories emerged that most actions could be sorted into: coordinating, policy formulating, knowledge generating and instructing. Most of the activities might be related to the collegial level. We use the term appropriation to capture the fact that the FTs both took over existing and novel tasks. The introduction of first teachers has led to a restratification process which in turn has helped strengthen the professional autonomy at a collegial level. The empirical investigation was carried out in a qualitative longitudinal study.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Hängslen och livrem
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Inhabiting institutions: Shaping the first teacher role in Swedish schools
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of professions and organization. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2051-8811 .- 2051-8803. ; 6:1, s. 33-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines a recent reform in the Swedish teaching profession—the so-called first teacher reform, aimed at increasing teacher professionalism and the status of teachers. The reform created a situation by which a new role had to be created and inhabited by first teachers, appointed on what were considered arbitrary criteria. There were few existing norms, rules, and routines to draw upon for the newly appointed first teachers. The empirical focus of this study, based upon interviews and observations from seven schools in four Swedish municipalities, is how the newly appointed first teachers shape their role in relation to other teachers and to school management. We contribute to inhabited institutions theory by showing how processes of institutional change rely on externalization by relational work, through which the new role gains legitimacy and mutual recognition, and on objectification by jurisdictional work, through which the new role becomes taken for granted in a new division of labour. We thus argue that changes in the material basis of work processes are key to understanding processes of institutional inhabitation. Moreover, we show how changes in intra-professional jurisdictions can lead to upgrading, rather than degradation, of professional work.
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| 38. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional Logics and Functionalist Differentiation Theory: Challenges and pathways forward
- 2022
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Ingår i: Organization Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 2631-7877. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a theoretical framework in organization studies, institutional logics is immensely popular. It has been used in a large amount of highly contributory and enlightening empirical studies, and developed far beyond its original formulation in a classical paper by Friedland and Alford (1991). In our paper, we identify three key theoretical problems that have emerged in the development and use of institutional logics theory in the past three decades: the lack of uniformity and coherence in the definitions and empirical identifications of logics; the tendency of institutional logics theorists to attempt to build grand theory to connect micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis; and the difficulties to explain how institutional logics are reproduced and how institutional logics interrelate and evolve over time. To address these issues, we highlight the similarities between institutional logics theory and classical functionalist differentiation theory, drawing its legacy from Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton, and propose its use as a resource in further theoretical development. The aim of the paper is not to reject institutional logics theory, or merely to point out its weaknesses, but to demonstrate how a revival of some classics in sociological theory can be used to sharpen institutional logics as an analytical tool and thus assist in efforts to further improve the usefulness of institutional logics as a theoretical framework in organization studies.
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| 39. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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‘It’s complicated’: Professional opacity, duality, and ambiguity—A response to Noordegraaf (2020)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Professions and Organization. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2051-8803 .- 2051-8811. ; 8:2, s. 200-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this comment to Noordegraaf’s ‘Protective or connective professionalism? How connected professionals can (still) act as autonomous and authoritative experts’, we argue that Noordegraaf has contributed significant insights into the development of contemporary professionalism. However, we argue for a less binary and more complex view of forms of professionalism, and for finding ways of understanding professionalism grounded in a relational view of everyday professional work. The first section (by Johan Alvehus) suggests that Noordegraaf’s ‘connective professionalism’ is primarily about new ways of strengthening professionalism’s protective shields by maintaining functional ambiguity and transparent opacity around professional jurisdictions. The second section (by Amalya Oliver and Netta Avnoon) argues for viewing professionalism on a range of protection–connection and offers an approach for understanding how connective and protective models co-occur. Both commentaries thus take a relational, dynamic, and somewhat skeptical view on the reproduction and maintenance of professionalism.
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| 40. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Jag har inte tid!
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 41. |
- Alvehus, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsorganisationer och kunskapsarbete
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Organisationer, ledning och processer. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144075730 ; , s. 471-500
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership, power, and politics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Routledge Critical Companion to Leadership Studies. - 9781032425153
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Alvehus, Johan
(författare)
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Läsandets lov
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tidningen Curie. - 2001-3426.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-ethonography : Towards An Approach for Attending to the Multimodality of Leadership
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Change Management. - : Routledge. - 1469-7017 .- 1479-1811. ; 22:3, s. 231-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the need for further developing an understanding of leadership as practice in its multimodality by means of theoretically motivated qualitative methods, allowing researchers to come close to the doing of leadership. Empirical studies of this kind are still relatively rare. By articulating a microethnographic approach, we encourage short-term-focused engagements in empirical work and the writing of closed vignettes. Through this, current theoretical developments are connected to recommendations for fieldwork and for writing practices. We thereby articulate one possible coherent and consistent position from which to study the multimodality of leadership and to understand leadership as an accomplishment of direction.
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| 49. |
- Alvehus, Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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Mötets metaforer : en studie av berättelser om möten
- 1999
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although meetings are, for most, an important part of the daily routine, they are easily disregarded. When viewed as a form of interaction, meetings become more problematic. While the form of interaction is important for the interpretation of content, it also opens up possibilities for manipulation.The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of the possibilities for constructing the form of interaction in meetings. This has been achieved through a study of narratives on meetings, here in terms of normative management literature.The literature on meeting management offers distinct views on how meetings supposedly function. These views can be expressed in terms of two metaphors: meetings as organisms and meetings as machines. Metaphors serve to both highlight and conceal certain aspects of a phenomenon. The organism metaphor highlights the homogeneity and dynamics of meetings. In contrast, the machine metaphor helps explain how meetings work, as well as how they can be measured and evaluated.Different metaphors are often portrayed as either totally distinct from, or directly related to each other. However, the literature on managing meetings reveals that the organism and machine metaphors are both related and discrete. Accordingly, the dialectics of highlighting and concealing aspects of a phenomenon must be complemented by the dialectics between the metaphors. The latter can be expressed in terms of links that integrate the metaphors, as well as links that separate the metaphors and define differences between them. In the literature these links emerge as options for action, i.e., alternatives for enacting a particular metaphor using specific techniques. Accordingly, certain techniques provide options for choosing the form of interaction. However, meetings in themselves can also be viewed as a kind of information technology in the same way as e-mail or videoconferencing technology. Normative statements, e.g. the literature on managing meetings, are important clues for the analysis of how different forms of social action can be designed.In studying interaction and communication, an analysis of conscious attempts to design or influence situations should be considered. Such analysis is facilitated by working with a refined concept of form-the double dialectics of form/content and form/form-along with the concept of techniques.
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| 50. |
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