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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Alegiry, Mohamed H., et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes Toward Psychological Disorders and Alternative Medicine in Saudi Participants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study was designed to investigate Saudis' attitudes toward mental distress and psychotropic medication, attribution of causes, expected side effects, and to analyze participants' expectations toward alternative or complementary medicine using aromatic and medicinal plants, through a survey.Method: The study included 674 participants (citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia) who were randomly contacted via email and social media and gave their consent to complete a questionnaire dealing with 39 items that can be clustered in six parts. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square for cross-tabulation were generated using SPSS.Results: Among the 664 participants, 73.4% believed that there are some positive and negative outcomes of psychotropic medication. Participants (72.0%) think that the most important reason leading to psychological disorders is mainly due to the loss of a relative or beloved person, and 73.9% considered psychic session as one of the possible treatments of psychological disorders. Surprisingly, only 18.8% of the participants agreed that medicinal and aromatic plants could be a possible treatment of the psychological disorder. Participants (82%) consider that physicians are the most trustful and preferred source of information about alternative and complementary medicine.
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| 13. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching and Learning Computer Science at Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia : Insights from a staff development course
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proc. 3rd International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering. - Los Alamitos, CA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479999675 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this special session we meet a set of projects in computer science and engineering education at a university in Saudi Arabia. They are the product of a pedagogical development course ran in collaboration with a Swedish university during the academic year 2013/2014. The projects reflect the local situation, with its possibilities and challenges, and suggest steps to take, in the local environment, to enhance education. As such it is a unique document that brings insights from computer science and engineering education into the international literature.
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| 14. |
- Alzahrani, Faris, et al.
(författare)
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Deactivation of the preferential oxidation of CO in packed bed reactor by 3D modelling and near-infrared tomography
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scaling up the results on catalyst deactivation to industrial operations, where transport phenomena are of significance, is often not straightforward. The operations of industrial reactors are judiciously focused on the dynamics of the deactivation along the axial length of the reactors, which are generally known approximately. Processes of strong energy release or fast chemical kinetics, such as oxidation reactions, cracking, etc., are associated with a deactivation where the time characteristics of the flow and transports are of magnitudes of the deactivation time-on-stream. Local deactivation of the preferential oxidation of CO was investigated by three-dimensional modelling of flow, mass and heat transfers inside a packed-bed reactor and validated by near-infrared tomography. The profiles of deactivation were sensitive to the rates of deactivation, heat transfer by dispersion and intra-particle mass transfer. At pore scale of the packing, pronounced deactivation was revealed near the wall due to a preferential flow circulation. The deactivation progressed at the exteriors of the catalytic particles, particularly over the regions in contact with the convective flow. Unlike the mass dispersion, the heat dispersion promoted the deactivation by shifting the moving waves of deactivation upstream, leading to asymmetrical maps inside the catalytic particles.
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| 15. |
- Cashin, Peter, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Perioperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases : A global propensity score matched study
- 2023
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Ingår i: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a paucity of studies evaluating perioperative systemic chemotherapy in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (CRCPM). The aim was to evaluate neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant systemic therapy in CRCPM.Methods: Patients with CRCPM from 39 treatment centres globally from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2018, who underwent CRS+HIPEC were identified and stratified according to neoadjuvant/adjuvant use. Crude data analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox-proportional hazard modelling was performed.Findings: Of 2093 patients, 1613 were included in neoadjuvant crude evaluation with 708 in the PSM cohort (354 patients/arm). In the adjuvant evaluation, 1176 patients were included in the crude cohort with 778 in the PSM cohort (389 patients/arm). The median overall survival (OS) in the PSM cohort receiving no neoadjuvant vs neoadjuvant therapy was 37.0 months (95% CI: 32.6-42.7) vs 34.7 months (95% CI: 31.2-38.8, HR 1.08 95% CI: 0.88-1.32, p = 0.46). The median OS in the PSM cohort receiving no adjuvant therapy vs adjuvant therapy was 37.0 months (95% CI: 32.9-41.8) vs 45.7 months (95% CI: 38.8-56.2, HR 0.79 95% CI: 0.64-0.97, p = 0.022). Recurrence-free survival did not differ in the neoadjuvant evaluation but differed in the adjuvant evaluation - HR 1.04 (95% CI: 0.87-1.25, p = 0.66) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.98, p = 0.03), respectively. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard modelling in the crude cohorts showed hazard ratio 1.08 (95% CI: 0.92-1.26, p = 0.37) for administering neoadjuvant therapy and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.72-1.03, p = 0.095) for administering adjuvant therapy.Interpretation: Neoadjuvant therapy did not confer a benefit to patients undergoing CRS+HIPEC for CRCPM, whereas adjuvant therapy was associated with a benefit in this retrospective setting.
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| 16. |
- Fisher, Oliver M., et al.
(författare)
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Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
- 2024
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Ingår i: BJS Open. - : Oxford University Press. - 2474-9842. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (pmCRC) in a large international data set of patients.Patients and Methods: Patients with pmCRC from 39 centres who underwent cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC between 1991 and 2018 were selected and compared for the HIPEC protocols received-oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus mitomycin-HIPEC. Following analysis of crude data, propensity-score matching (PSM) and Cox-proportional hazard modelling were performed. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the HIPEC dose-response effects (high versus low dose, dose intensification and double drug protocols) on OS, RFS and 90-day morbidity. Furthermore, the impact of the treatment time period was assessed.Results: Of 2760 patients, 2093 patients were included. Median OS was 43 months (95% c.i. 41 to 46 months) with a median RFS of 12 months (95% c.i. 12 to 13 months). The oxaliplatin-HIPEC group had an OS of 47 months (95% c.i. 42 to 53 months) versus 39 months (95% c.i. 36 to 43 months) in the mitomycin-HIPEC group (P = 0.002), aHR 0.77, 95% c.i. 0.67 to 0.90, P < 0.001. The OS benefit persisted after PSM of the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group and mitomycin-HIPEC group (48 months (95% c.i. 42 to 59 months) versus 40 months (95% c.i. 37 to 44 months)), P < 0.001, aHR 0.78 (95% c.i. 0.65 to 0.94), P = 0.009. Similarly, matched RFS was significantly higher for oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus others (13 months (95% c.i. 12 to 15 months) versus 11 months (95% c.i. 10 to 12 months, P = 0.02)). High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC protocols had similar OS compared to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. HIPEC dose intensification within each protocol resulted in improved survival. Oxaliplatin + irinotecan-HIPEC resulted in the most improved OS (61 months (95% c.i. 51 to 101 months)). Ninety-day mortality in both crude and PSM analysis was worse for mitomycin-HIPEC. There was no change in treatment effect depending on the analysed time period.Conclusions: Oxaliplatin-based HIPEC provided better outcomes compared to mitomycin-based HIPEC. High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC was similar to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. The 90-day mortality difference favours the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group. A trend for dose-response between low- and high-dose HIPEC was reported.
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| 17. |
- Hurley, Carolyn K., et al.
(författare)
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Common, intermediate and well-documented HLA alleles in world populations : CIWD version 3.0.0
- 2020
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Ingår i: HLA. - : WILEY. - 2059-2302 .- 2059-2310. ; 95:6, s. 516-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A catalog of common, intermediate and well-documented (CIWD) HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQB1 and -DPB1 alleles has been compiled from over 8 million individuals using data from 20 unrelated hematopoietic stem cell volunteer donor registries. Individuals are divided into seven geographic/ancestral/ethnic groups and data are summarized for each group and for the total population. P (two-field) and G group assignments are divided into one of four frequency categories: common (>= 1 in 10 000), intermediate (>= 1 in 100 000), well-documented (>= 5 occurrences) or not-CIWD. Overall 26% of alleles in IPD-IMGT/HLA version 3.31.0 at P group resolution fall into the three CIWD categories. The two-field catalog includes 18% (n = 545) common, 17% (n = 513) intermediate, and 65% (n = 1997) well-documented alleles. Full-field allele frequency data are provided but are limited in value by the variations in resolution used by the registries. A recommended CIWD list is based on the most frequent category in the total or any of the seven geographic/ancestral/ethnic groups. Data are also provided so users can compile a catalog specific to the population groups that they serve. Comparisons are made to three previous CWD reports representing more limited population groups. This catalog, CIWD version 3.0.0, is a step closer to the collection of global HLA frequencies and to a clearer view of HLA diversity in the human population as a whole.
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| 18. |
- Khan, Mohd. Tasleem, et al.
(författare)
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Two Distributed Arithmetic Based High Throughput Architectures of Non-Pipelined LMS Adaptive Filters
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 10, s. 76693-76706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributed arithmetic (DA) is an efficient look-up table (LUT) based approach. The throughput of DA based implementation is limited by the LUT size. This paper presents two high-throughput architectures (Type I and II) of non-pipelined DA based least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filters (ADFs) using twos complement (TC) and offset-binary coding (OBC) respectively. We formulate the LMS algorithm using the steepest descent approach with possible extension to its power-normalized LMS version and followed by its convergence properties. The coefficient update equation of LMS algorithm is then transformed via TC DA and OBC DA to design and develop non-pipelined architectures of ADFs. The proposed structures employ the LUT pre-decomposition technique to increase the throughput performance. It enables the same mapping scheme for concurrent update of the decomposed LUTs. An efficient fixed-point quantization model for the evaluation of proposed structures from a realistic point-of-view is also presented. It is found that Type II structure provides higher throughput than Type I structure at the expense of slow convergence rate with almost the same steady-state mean square error. Unlike existing non-pipelined LMS ADFs, the proposed structures offer very high throughput performance, especially with large order DA base units. Furthermore, they are capable of performing less number of additions in every filter cycle. Based on the simulation results, it is found that 256th order filter with 8th order DA base unit using Type I structure provides 9 :41 x higher throughput while Type II structure provides 16 :68 x higher throughput as compared to the best existing design. Synthesis results show that 32nd order filter with 8th order DA base unit using Type I structure achieves 38 :76% less minimum sampling period (MSP), occupies 28 :62% more area, consumes 67 :18% more power, utilizes 49 :06% more slice LUTs and 3 :31% more flip-flops (FFs), whereas Type II structure achieves 51 :25% less MSP, occupies 21 :42% more area, consumes 47 :84% more power, utilizes 29 :10% more slice LUTs and 1 :47% fewer FFs as compared to the best existing design.
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| 19. |
- Magliyah, Moustafa, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical spectrum, genetic associations and management outcomes of Coats-like exudative retinal vasculopathy in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ophthalmic Genetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1381-6810 .- 1744-5094. ; 42:2, s. 178-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Coats-like retinal vasculopathy in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is rare. This study describes its clinical spectrum, management outcomes and genetic associations in patients with autosomal recessive RP (arRP). Materials and methods: Retrospective review of ophthalmic, multimodal imaging, genetic findings and treatment outcomes of arRP patients who developed Coats-like features. Identification of patients included searching a retinal dystrophy registry of 798 patients. Results: Ten eyes of six patients with arRP (4 males, 2 females, mean age 33 years) demonstrated Coats-like features, namely inferotemporal peripheral retinal telangiectasis combined with unilateral inferotemporal vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) in 4 eyes. Exudative retinal detachment (ERD) developed in five eyes of which four had VPT. Ablation of the vasculopathy using retinal laser photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy in eight eyes, allowed ERD and/or lipid exudation to decrease in seven eyes despite incomplete vasculopathy regression. Additional intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in one eye failed to regress the ERD and associated VPT. Observation in one eye caused increased exudation. Six mutations, including three novel mutations, were found in CRB1, CNGB1, RPGR, and TULP1. Conclusions: Coats-like features in arRP range from retinal telangiectasis to VPTs with extensive ERD and occur predominantly in the inferotemporal retinal periphery. In addition to their classic association with CRB1 mutations, other genes are implicated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing CNGB1 mutations in Coats-like RP. Awareness of the vasculopathy spectrum is important, and timely ablation of the vasculopathy with long-term monitoring is recommended to prevent additional visual loss in RP patients.
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