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- Muehlenbein, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Traveller exposures to animals: a GeoSentinel analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of travel medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1708-8305 .- 1195-1982. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHuman coexistence with other animals can result in both intentional and unintentional contact with a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species. International travellers are at risk for such encounters; travellers risk injury, infection and possibly death from domestic and wild animal bites, scratches, licks and other exposures. The aim of the present analysis was to understand the diversity and distribution of animal-related exposures among international travellers.MethodsData from January 2007 through December 2018 from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were reviewed. Records were included if the exposure was non-migration travel with a diagnosis of an animal (dog, cat, monkey, snake or other) bite or other exposure (non-bite); records were excluded if the region of exposure was not ascertainable or if another, unrelated acute diagnosis was reported.ResultsA total of 6470 animal exposures (bite or non-bite) were included. The majority (71%) occurred in Asia. Travellers to 167 countries had at least one report of an animal bite or non-bite exposure. The majority (76%) involved dogs, monkeys and cats, although a wide range of wild and domestic species were involved. Almost two-thirds (62.6%) of 4395 travellers with information available did not report a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider.ConclusionsMinimizing bites and other animal exposures requires education (particularly during pretravel consultations) and behavioral modification. These should be supplemented by the use of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travellers to high-risk countries (especially to those with limited access to rabies immunoglobulin), as well as encouragement of timely (in-country) post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B) when warranted.
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| 2. |
- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The globalizability of temporal discounting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 6:10, s. 1386-1397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.
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| 3. |
- Amatya, B, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of tachykinins and their receptors in plaque psoriasis with pruritus
- 2011
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 164:5, s. 1023-1029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pandgt;Background Cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide and approximately 5% of melanomas are hereditary. Deletions in chromosome 1p36 have been detected in melanoma but no candidate melanoma tumour suppressor gene has yet been found in this area. Recently, strong evidence has been reported that CHD5 is a tumour suppressor gene in this region. Objectives To investigate CHD5 involvement in familial melanoma. Methods Peripheral blood DNA from 47 melanoma families who do not carry mutations in any of the three currently recognized melanoma genes, 398 patients with sporadic melanoma and 398 geographically matched nonmelanoma-bearing controls were studied. Linkage investigation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and mutation screening studies were carried out on the CHD5 locus. Results The CHD5 gene was not excluded by linkage analysis in any of the families. On SNP genotyping, the CHD5 rs7513548 SNP was found to be significantly associated with sporadic melanoma (odds ratio 1 center dot 53, 95% confidence interval 1 center dot 13-2 center dot 06). The AG genotype was found in 208 cases and 169 controls (cf. 141 and 175 cases and controls, respectively, for the AA genotype). On CHD5 mutation screening, a total of 50 single-base substitutions were detected. Of these, 39 were intronic and 11 were exonic. While 32 were previously recognized variants, 18 were newly identified. Three, in exons 4, 31 and 32, led to nonsynonymous substitutions. A p.Met1576Ile substitution was identified in a mother and daughter, both with invasive cutaneous melanoma. Conclusions This study appears to be the first report of CHD5 variants in familial cutaneous melanoma. Such CHD5 variants could block or alter the ability of CHD5 to regulate the cell cycle pathway and to effect cellular control. As only one of the 47 families studied has this variant, it appears to be a rare event and further screening of melanoma families is required to confirm whether or not CHD5 is involved in melanoma pathogenesis.
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| 7. |
- Amatya, B, et al.
(författare)
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Responses to intradermal injections of substance P in psoriasis patients with pruritus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Skin pharmacology and physiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-5535 .- 1660-5527. ; 23:3, s. 133-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Various mediators have been suggested for the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis. <i>Methods:</i> To investigate cutaneous responses of substance P in pruritic lesional and nonlesional areas of psoriasis patients and in healthy controls, substance P, saline and histamine were injected intradermally. After each injection, pruritus, flare and wheal were recorded. <i>Results:</i> There was no statistical difference in the latency period, duration, area under the curve and maximum intensity of pruritus evoked by substance P (10<sup>–5</sup> and 10<sup>–6</sup> mol/l) between psoriasis and healthy control skin. Substance P (10<sup>–5</sup> mol/l) induced a tendency to a greater intensity of pruritus in lesional compared to nonlesional psoriatic skin (p = 0.08). Histamine produced a shorter itch latency period (p < 0.05) and a lower maximum intensity of pruritus (p = 0.05) in lesional psoriasis skin than in healthy control skin. No significant difference in flare area was observed between the psoriasis patients and healthy controls. The histamine-induced wheal was smaller in psoriasis patients than in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). <i>Conclusion:</i> Intradermally injected substance P induced pruritus, flare and wheal in psoriasis patients. However, these responses did not differ significantly from those of the healthy controls.
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