| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bengtson, Annika, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Athroismeae (Asteraceae), with a new circumscription of the tribe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 66:2, s. 408-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Athroismeae is a small tribe of the Asteraceae-Asteroideae, the members of which show considerable variation in morphology. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF) and nuclear data (ETS, ITS). The phylogenetic relationships between the different genera within Athroismeae are discussed, and in addition, three unispecific genera: Anisochaeta, Artemisiopsis and Symphyllocarpus as well as Duhaldea (Inula) stuhlmannii, all earlier placed in other tribes, are here shown to belong within Athroismeae. Symphyllocarpus is sister to Centipeda and the earlier Symphyllocarpinae includes Centipedinae in synonymy. Furthermore, Cardosoa and Philyrophyllum are found to be integrated within Anisopappus and their generic status cannot be maintained. An outline of an amended circumscription of the Athroismeae is presented, with three new combinations and a description of the new subtribe Lowryanthinae.
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| 3. |
- Gutiérrez-Larruscain, David, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): Evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema
- 2018
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : International Association for Plant Taxonomy. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 67:1, s. 149-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Inula complex (Asteraceae: Inulinae) is a monophyletic group which comprises eight genera distributed in Eurasia and Africa: Amblyocarpum, Carpesium, Chrysophthalmum, Inula, Pentanema, Rhanteriopsis, Telekia, and Varthemia. With the aim to shed light on the circumscription of these genera, phylogenetic analyses were performed with 293 new DNA sequences (ITS region from nrDNA and three plastid spacers from cpDNA: rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhF-rpl32). It is concluded that both Inula and Pentanema are paraphyletic and that generic delimitations within the Inula complex need to be revised. Based on the results of the analyses, together with morphological and karyological data, we argue that the best solution is a new circumscription of the genus Pentanema including an amended description and 24 new combinations of former Inula species. Resurrection of the names Codonocephalum, Monactinocephalus and Vicoa is proposed to preserve the monophyly of the genera included in the Inula complex. Incongruences between nrDNA and cpDNA are documented and discussed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kümpers, B. M. C., et al.
(författare)
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The significance of meristic changes in the flower of Sapotaceae
- 2016
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Ingår i: Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 180, s. 161-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sapotaceae belongs to the heterogeneous order Ericales and exhibits extensive diversity in floral morphology. Although pentamery is widespread and probably the ancestral condition, some clades are extremely variable in merism, with fluctuations between tetramery to hexamery and octomery, affecting different floral organs to different degrees. We assessed the different states of merism in Sapotaceae to determine the evolution of this character among different clades. The floral morphology and development of nine species from eight genera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, floral characters related to merism were mapped onto a phylogenetic tree to analyse the distribution and evolutionary significance of merism in the family. Developmental evidence shows that changes in merism are linked to a concerted multiplication of organs among whorls and an increase in whorls through the displacement of organs. Although pentamery is reconstructed as the ancestral condition, a reduction to tetramery or an increase to a higher merism (mainly hexamery or octomery) has evolved at least five times in the family. Fluctuations in merism between different whorls are not random but occur in a coordinated pattern, presenting strong synapomorphies for selected clades. Octomery has evolved at least twice, in Isonandreae from tetramery and in Sapoteae-Mimusopinae from pentamery. Hexamery has evolved at least three times, independently in Northia, the Palaquium clade of Isonandreae and derived from octomery in Sapoteae-Mimusopinae. Three possibilities of merism increase have been identified in Sapotaceae: (1) a concerted increase affecting all organs more or less equally (Palaquium clade of Isonandreae, Sapoteae); (2) a coordinated increase in petals, stamens and mostly carpels without effect on sepals (Labourdonnaisia, Payena–Madhuca clade of Isonandreae); (3) an increase in carpels independently of other organs (Burckella, Letestua, Labramia, etc.). A major shift affecting all Sapotaceae, except Isonandreae, is the sterilization or loss of the antesepalous stamen whorl. The presence of two fertile stamen whorls in Isonandreae indicates a possible reversal or a retained plesiomorphy. In a number of genera, stamens are secondarily increased independently of changes in merism. Descriptions of flowers listing only organ numbers are thus misleading in the inference of evolutionary relationships, as they do not differentiate between changes in merism affecting the number of perianth whorls and other changes affecting the androecium, such as sterilization, loss or occasional doubling of antepetalous stamens.
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| 6. |
- Monge, M., et al.
(författare)
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Nomenclatural novelties in Tessaria (Asteraceae, Inuleae): a new species from the Andes and uncovering the identity of T. boliviensis.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 43:2, s. 591-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the study of Brazilian genera of the Inuleae-Plucheinae (Asteraceae), we have encountered a specimen representing an undescribed species, here described as Tessaria andina. The new species is characterized by having puberulous, tomentose, lanate, or glabrescent indumentum on its branches, a tomentose abaxial leaf surface, leaves with an apically serrate margin, corymbiform inflorescences, a cream to yellowish involucre, erect inner involucral bracts, and the corolla of male flowers with short-stalked glands and trichomes. So far, only one collection of this new species has been made, and that was more than forty years ago. The new species is described, illustrated, and its affinities are discussed. Furthermore, during this investigation we found out that the name Tessaria boliviensis is a nomen nudum, applied to material here shown tobelongto Tessaria fastigiata. An identification key to the species of Tessaria is also presented.
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| 7. |
- Monge, Marcelo, et al.
(författare)
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Tribo Inuleae Cass.
- 2017
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Ingår i: A familia Asteraceae no Brasil classificacão e diversidade.. - Salvador, Bahia : Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFDB). - 9788523216641 ; , s. 153-158
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Monge, Marcelo, et al.
(författare)
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Two new records of Lactuca L. (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from South America.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brasilian Journal oof Biosciences. ; 14:2, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactuca indica and Lactuca canadensis have been recorded for the first time in the Americas and in South America, respectively. Lactuca indica is native to Eastern Asia, and L. canadensis to North America. In Brazil, L. indica is used as a substitute for lettuce in some communities. The leaf shape in the Brazilian plants of the two species is less variable than in Asiatic or North American populations. This could possibly be a result of a single introduction to Brazil of each species. Both species are weeds, occurring in disturbed habitats in south and south-eastern Brazil. The two species are described, illustrated and their affinities are discussed. An identification key is provided to the six species of Lactuca (all introduced) in South America.
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| 9. |
- Nylinder, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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From Namib around the world: biogeography of the Inuleae-Plucheinae (Asteraceae)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43, s. 1705-1716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the historical biogeography of the Inuleae–Plucheinae (Asteraceae), a group of arid-adapted plants with partly unresolved generic circumscriptions, in order to understand its origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary history in relation to the Cenozoic climate shifts. Location Global, with highest species diversity in the Southern Hemisphere. The spatiotemporal biogeography of the Plucheinae was estimated by both a discrete method using a set of general distribution areas, and a relaxed random walk based on extant species distributions. The topology was time calibrated using a combination of secondary node ages and secondary derived rates for included loci. Our results indicate the median age of the Plucheinae to be approximately 15.4 Ma. The biogeographical analyses infer an ancestral origin in southern Africa, with the relaxed random walk analysis narrowing the uncertainty down to an area reaching from coastal Namibia to the western Kalahari. Africa was colonized in a (south)western–(north)eastern direction following the spread of arid habitats. Ancestral representatives of the Plucheinae colonized South America on at least three separate occasions (13.0–4.0, 4.3–3.1 and 4.1–3.7 Ma), with one subsequent spread to North America. Australia was colonized three times between 3.6 and 0.4 Ma. Madagascar and the Mascarenes were colonized at least seven times. The origin of the Plucheinae is estimated to the Namib region, with early speciations and radiations concurring with the timing of aridification of southern Africa, following the increase in strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and subsequent formation of the Benguela Upwelling at c. 11.8 Ma. The current biogeographical distribution of the Plucheinae is best explained by several Neogene long-distance dispersal events from tropical Africa.
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| 10. |
- Nylinder, Stephan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Inuleae (Asteraceae) with special emphasis on the Inuleae-Plucheinae.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 64:1, s. 110-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Inuleae (Asteraceae, sunflower family) are elucidated based on a concatenated set of nuclear (ETS, ITS), and chloroplast data (ndhF, trnL-F, trnH-psbA), analysed by Bayesian and parsimony methods. Extensive sampling of representatives from both subtribes Inuleae-Inulinae and Inuleae-Plucheinae establish their reciprocal monophyly, and result in the first-ever resolved molecular phylogeny of the Inuleae-Plucheinae with new insights into the relationships and morphological character distributions between genera and among species. Of the 31 accepted genera in the Inuleae-Plucheinae, only Pseudoblepharispermum is not represented in this study, 12 monotypic genera are placed in the phylogeny, 13 genera are shown to be monophyletic, and only 5 of the remaining 18 genera are revealed to be polyphyletic. The implications for the nomenclature status of the monotypic and polyphyletic genera are discussed, together with a descriptive review of morphological characters traditionally used to circumscribe the genera in this subtribe.
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| 11. |
- Shekar, S., et al.
(författare)
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The genus Duhaldea in India
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rheedea. - Calicut, India. ; 30:2, s. 257-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the field and herbarium data, six species of the genus Duhaldea (sensu stricto) are recognized in India. A key to the Indian species, brief descriptions and illustrations are provided along with data on phenology, distribution, ecology, chromosome numbers and ethnobotanical uses.
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| 12. |
- Stångberg, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Intergeneric relationships in the Gorteria clade of Arctotidae-Gorteriinae (Asteraceae), with description of a new genus, Roessleria.
- 2018
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 118, s. 216-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous phylogenetic studies in the Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Asteraceae) have found support for a Gorteria clade. The results also indicated Hirpicium to be paraphyletic, whereas Gorteria and Gazania were found to be monophyletic. Previous investigations at the genus level on this group have focused only on relationships in Gazania and Gorteria, respectively, with only a few Hirpicium species included. In the present study we include more taxa than in any previous investigation, including all species of Hirpicium, all species of Gorteria and almost all taxa of Gazania. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from non-coding (rps16, trnL–trnF, and psbA–trnH) as well as coding (ndhF) regions from the plastid genome resolved three major clades, but DNA sequence data from the ribosomal regions (ETS and ITS) from the nuclear genome did not support two of the three clades. The genus Hirpicium, as presently circumscribed, was paraphyletic with one group of four species nested within Gorteria and all remaining species of Hirpicium formed a monophyletic group with two clades, morphologically well-defined. As the name Hirpicium is a synonym of Gorteria, new names for the remaining Hirpicium species are proposed. For one of the Hirpicium clades, comprising Hirpicium echinus, we resurrect the genus Berkheyopsis O. Hoffm., and for the five species belonging to the second clade a new generic name, Roessleria Stångb. & Anderb., is proposed. The necessary new combinations, 12 in total, are made, as well as four lectotypifications and one neotypification. A key to the newly circumscribed genera is presented.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Torices, R., et al.
(författare)
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Architectural traits constrain the evolution of unisexual flowers and sexual segregation within inflorescences: an interspecific approach.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PCI Evolutionary Biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male and female unisexual flowers have repeatedly evolved from the ancestral bisexual flowers in different lineages of flowering plants. This sex specialization in different flowers often occurs within inflorescences. We hypothesize that inflorescence architecture may impose a constraint on resource availability for late flowers, potentially leading to different optima in floral sex allocation and unisexuality. Under this hypothesis we expect that inflorescence traits increasing the difference in resource availability between early and late flowers would be phylogenetically correlated with a higher level of sexual specialization. To test this hypothesis, we performed a comparative analysis of inflorescence traits (inflorescence size, number of flowers and flower density) in the sunflower family, which displays an extraordinary variation in floral sexual specialization at the inflorescence level, i.e. hermaphroditic, gynomonoecious and monoecious species. We found that species with a complete sex separation in unisexual flowers (monoecy) had significantly denser inflorescences. Furthermore, those species arranging their flowers in denser inflorescences also showed greater differences in the size of early and late fruits, a proxy of resource variation between flowers. Our findings support the idea that floral sexual specialization and consequently sexual segregation may be the consequence of different floral sex allocation optima driven by the sequential development of flowers that results in a persistent resource decline from earlier to later flowers.
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| 15. |
- Urtubey, Estrella, et al.
(författare)
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New circumscription of the genus Gamochaeta (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110 .- 2199-6881. ; 302, s. 1047-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamochaeta (tribe Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) is composed of ca. 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Within the tribe Gnaphalieae, the genus is characterized by capitula arranged in spikes or head-like clusters, few hermaphroditic central florets, truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes, pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring falling as a unit, and achenes with globose twin trichomes. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested the paraphyly of the genus, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem, DNA sequences from the plastid (trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS and ITS) genomes were analyzed from a broad taxon sample representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results affirm that Gamochaeta is paraphyletic as presently circumscribed. Two clades can be recognized: one clade that includes the majority of the species currently assigned to Gamochaeta and a second clade that includes Gamochaetopsis, Stuckertiella and seven species of Gamochaeta. We present here a new circumscription of Gamochaeta, including two new combinations, Gamochaeta alpina and Gamochaeta peregrina, and the resurrection of Gamochaeta capitata. Our results also show Omalotheca supina, O. norvegica and O. sylvatica, which were placed by some authors in Gamochaeta or in Gnaphalium, form a monophyletic group distantly related to both genera.
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| 16. |
- Yan, Hai-Fei, et al.
(författare)
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What explains high plant richness in East Asia? Time anddiversification in the tribe Lysimachieae (Primulaceae)
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 219, s. 436-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What causes the disparity in biodiversity among regions is a fundamental question in bio-geography, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Evolutionary and biogeographic processes(speciation, extinction, dispersal) directly determine species richness patterns, and can bestudied using integrative phylogenetic approaches. However, the strikingly high richness ofEast Asia relative to other Northern Hemisphere regions remains poorly understood from thisperspective. Here, for the first time, we test two general hypotheses (older colonization time,faster diversification rate) to explain this pattern, using the plant tribe Lysimachieae (Primu-laceae) as a model system.We generated a new time-calibrated phylogeny for Lysimachieae (13 genes, 126 species),to estimate colonization times and diversification rates for each region and to test the relativeimportance of these two factors for explaining regional richness patterns.We find that neither time nor diversification rates alone explain richness patterns amongregions in Lysimachieae. Instead, a new index that combines both factors explains global rich-ness patterns in the group and their high East Asian biodiversity.Based on our results from Lysimachieae, we suggest that the high richness of plants in EastAsia may be explained by a combination of older colonization times and faster diversificationrates in this region
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