| 1. |
- Agnér, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Bredäng : Miljonprogrammets föregångare
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 2. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Alternative descriptions of roughness for cylinder liner production
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 209:4, s. 1936-1942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The roughness of stratified surfaces such as cylinder liners, produced by plateau honing, is functionally important in their tribology but is notoriously difficult to characterise. An issue in manufacturing quality control related to their tribological function is the comparative ability of various roughness characterisation systems. In this paper the Rk family of parameters is compared with the Rq family as regards stability and discrimination. When coefficients of variation of the two parameter families are compared as a measure of stability, CVs of individual parameters vary between 8% and 20% but do not seem to indicate a clear advantage to either family. When the correlation of parameters within and between the two groups is computed as a measure of relative discriminative ability, many parameters are found to be highly correlated, to the point where values of Rpk and Rpq are effectively indistinguishable. The relative robustness of the parameters is also established by simulation of surface or measurement artefacts: outlying peaks and valleys, high-frequency noise, changes in stylus or skid radius, changes in high-pass filter and in assessment length. Outlying peaks cause a large increase in Rpk, while outlying valleys have little effect. The Rq parameters are more sensitive to high-frequency noise than the Rk parameters. Increasing the stylus radius reduced the valley parameters, while adding a 25 mm radius skid increased Rk and Rpq by as much as 15%. Increasing the short-wavelength cut-off from 2.5 m to 8 m reduced most parameters, particularly the peak parameters, while replacing the robust Gaussian filter used throughout by a valley-suppression filter had little effect. Finally reducing the assessment length from 17 mm to 4 mm decreased the values of many parameters by up to 11%. Increasing plateau honing time decreased plateau roughness, while increasing pressure during coarse honing increased valley roughness, but these changes could not be correlated with roughness parameters. This suggests that the optimum parameter set has not yet been found. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Combined SEM and Stylus Profiling Sensoring for Improved Cylinder Liner Honing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Austrib 06 - International Tribology Conference. - Brisbane : Queensland University of Technology. ; , s. 6-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands on decreased environmental impact from vehicles are resulting in a strong push for decreased engine oil and fuel consumption.Recent engine tests have shown a promising reduction in oil consumption when using cylinder liners with a smoother finish than the current plateau honing.One approach to produce smoother liner surfaces is to replace SiC ceramic honing stones with diamond tools. However, even though the diamond honing process results in higher productivity, improved quality control is needed to monitor the degree of cold worked material - “blechmantel” (German), and the resulting risk of increased wear and scuffing.A number of petrol and diesel engine cylinder liners have been mapped to be able to verify the quality and consequences, in terms of wear and function, of the honing process. A new mapping method, combining SEM images and quantitative image analysis with traditional 2D profilometry has been developed and tested in this study. The surface mapping method developed was employed before and after the test to study effect of running-in wear on the surface, features characterized with the SEM- and the 2D profilometer.The results show that combining SEM- and profilometric methods gives a good picture of the effects of varying the cylinder liner pressure and roughness. The core roughness decreases more for diesel liners than for petrol liners.. A probable cause is that the more severe diesel high pressure run-in conditions are able to effectively “truncate” the plateaux and remove residing plastically deformed un-cut honing residues while the less severe petrol liner conditions do not manage to remove the blechmantel and irregularities to an important extent.
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| 4. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Cylinder Liners and Consequences of Improved Honing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Nordtrib conference 2006, Helsingor, Danemark. ; , s. 13-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands on decreased environmental impact from vehicles are resulting in a strong push for decreased engine oil and fuel consumption. Engine oil and fuel consumption are to a great extent controlled by the topography of the cylinder liner surface.Recent engine tests have shown a promising reduction in oil consumption when using cylinder liners with a smoother finish than the current plateau honing.One approach to produce smoother liner surfaces is to replace SiC ceramic honing stones with diamond tools. However, event though the diamond honing process results in higher productivity, improved demands of quality control is needed to monitor the degree of cold worked material - “blechmantel” (German), and the resulting risk of increased wear and scuffing.A number of petrol and diesel engine cylinder liners have been mapped to be able to verify the quality and consequences, in terms of wear and function, of the honing process. A new mapping method, combining SEM images and quantitative image analysis with traditional 2D profilometry has been developed and tested in this study. The liners where tested in a reciprocating rig of 8 mm stroke and with a frequency of 10 Hz, simulating the top-dead center conditions in a running engine.The tests where carried out in high- and low pressure conditions with smooth respectively rough liner roughnesses against PVD coated piston rings. The developed surface mapping method was employed before and after the test to study effect of running-in wear on the surface, features characterized with the SEM- and the 2D profilometer.The results show that combining SEM- and profilometric methods gives a good picture of the effects of varying the cylinder liner pressure and roughness. The core roughness decrease more for diesel liners than for petrol liners. In average (rough and smooth liners) the diesel core roughness decrease 265% while the petrol liners average on a 60% decrease. Blechmantel- and Irregularities ratio show a high sensitivity to varying conditions and decrease 1180% to 100% for the diesel liners while the parameters increase between 106% to 18% for all the petrol liners. A probable cause is the more severe diesel high pressure run-in conditions are able to effectively “truncate” the plateaux and remove residing plastically deformed un-cut honing residues while the less severe petrol liner conditions not manage to remove the blechmantel and irregularities in an important extent.
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| 5. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Liner surface improvements for low friction piston ring packs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Surface Topography : Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2051-672X. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of engine components in the automotive industry is governed by several constraints such as environmental legislation and customer expectations. About a half of the frictional losses in an internal combustion engine come from the interactions between the piston assembly and cylinder liner surface. The tribological considerations in the contact between the piston ring and cylinder liner have attracted much attention over the past few decades. Many non-conventional cylinder liner finishes have been, and are being, developed with the aim to reduce friction losses and oil consumption, but the effects of the surface finish on piston ring pack performance is not well understood. One way of reducing friction in the cylinder system is to reduce the tangential load from the piston ring pack, focusing on the oil control ring. However, the side-effect of this is a disappointingly increased oil consumption. In this study a number of different cylinder liner surface specifications were developed and implemented in test engines with the aim of maintaining the level for oil consumption when decreasing the tangential load for the piston ring pack. To improve our understanding of the result, the same surfaces were evaluated in elastic and elasto-plastic rough contact and hydrodynamic flow simulation models. It is shown that oil consumption is strongly related to surface texture on the cylinder liners and at lower speeds (900–1200 rpm), a 'rougher surface' with a high core (e.g. Sk) and valley roughness (e.g. Svk) results in higher oil consumption. At the medium speed range (1200–3600 rpm), oil consumption continues to dominate for the 'rough' surfaces but with a visible influence of a lower oil consumption for a decreased roughness within the 'rough' surface group. 'Smooth' surfaces with a 'smooth' core (Sk), irrespective of the valley component (Svk), show similar oil consumption. For engine speeds above 3600 rpms, an increase in plateau roughness results in higher oil consumption. Throughout the study, standard roughness parameters were computed to compare with the results from engine testing and simulation. Future work will be directed to continuous optimization between oil consumption and friction. Improving the understanding of the functional cylinder system surfaces' ability to form oil films in the cylinder system opens up opportunities, not only in reducing the tangential load of piston ring packs but also in optimizing oil viscosity in order to reduce friction.
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| 6. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Liner Surface Improvements for Low Friction Piston Ring Packs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers annual meeting & exhibition 2009. - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781615674374 ; , s. 455-459
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Low friction and emission cylinder liner surfaces and the influence of surface topography and scale
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - Kidlington : Pergamon Press. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 133, s. 224-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low friction piston ring pack, with tangential load halved, was tested in engines with four different cylinder liner finishes. Oil consumption, oil temperature and liner surface temperature were monitored at different load and speed levels, under similar test conditions. The two smoother surfaces generally kept lower oil consumption compared to the two rougher ones. Results were correlated using an area-fractal analysis. The relative area of the surface was calculated at different scales and the result was compared with the level of oil consumption for the different liner surfaces at different engine speeds. It was found that oil consumption was strongly correlated with scale for areas of above 1000 μm2 and below 20 μm2. © 2018
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| 8. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, 1963
(författare)
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Oil consumption and Friction in a Piston Ring-Cylinder Liner assembly.-A multifunctional Surface Approach
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- About a half of the frictional losses in an internal combustion engine come from the interactions between the piston assembly and cylinder liner surface. The tribological considerations in the contact between the piston ring and cylinder liner have attracted much attention over the past few decades. Many non-conventional cylinder liner finishes have been, and are being, developed with the aim to reduce friction losses and oil consumption, but the effects of the surface finish on piston ring pack performance is not well understood. One way of reducing friction in the cylinder system is to reduce the tangential load from the piston ring pack, focusing on the oil control ring that is the largest contributor to friction losses among the three piston rings. However, the side effect of this is disappointingly increased oil consumption. To counteract the increase of oil consumption a number of different cylinder liner surface specifications were developed and implemented in test engines with the aim of maintaining a sufficiently low level for oil consumption when decreasing the tangential load for the piston ring pack. The cylinder liner surface and piston ring profile interaction has a function working in the micro scale area and therefore manufacturing of the surfaces is a delicate task. By choosing wrong characterization parameters or wrong manufacturing methods the delicate equilibrium in the interaction between liner surface and ring surface can be broken. An algorithm to assess and quantify the presence of blechmantel was developed. The relative success of the Rq and Rk families of parameters in quantifying liner surfaces were compared and several parameters were found to be so highly correlated as to be redundant. No convincing correlation could be obtained with honing parameters. Topological diagrams helped to distinguish the robustness of parameters. Simulation suggested that low roughness reduces oil consumption but increases friction, while higher roughness produces the opposite effects, and this finding was confirmed by engine tests over a range of speeds. Finally a area scale fractal analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between liner surface areal scale and oil consumption results in order to investigate the scale of functional occurrence. The analysis has given some promising results in finding scale range with good correlations with functional data and ability to discriminate properties in surface geometries.
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| 9. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, 1963
(författare)
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Towards functional characterisation for cylinder liner surfaces
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The demands on decreased environmental impact from vehicles force the automotive industry to develop engines with reduced engine oil and fuel consumption. Frictional losses in the piston ring cylinder liner system accounts for approximately 20 % of the total frictional losses within an engine. Engine oil consumption is recognized to be a significant source of pollutant emissions. Unburned or partially burned oil in the exhaust gases contribute directly to hydrocarbon and particulate emissions. Engine oil and fuel consumption are to a great extend controlled by the topography of the cylinder liner surface.The tribological considerations in the contact between the piston ring and cylinder liner have attracted much attention over several decades. Many non-conventional cylinder liner finishes has been and are being developed with the aim to reduce oil- and fuel consumption, but the effects of surface finish on piston ring pack performance is not well understood.To enable the study of impact from cylinder liner topography on cylinder system performance, an improvement in liner finish characterisation is needed to be able to discriminate surface features important for function. Also in manufacturing quality control issues there is a need for surface characterisation methods that are robust and reasonably fast.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate different roughness characterisation systems stability and ability to discriminate surface features. One seemingly obvious useful characterisation method for plateau honed surfaces is the Rk parameter family based on the bearing area curve. But there is a interdependency between the parameters within the parameter family which makes it very difficult to specify a surface that is possible to manufacture in a controlled way. The Rxq family is more promising in describing the different stages in the honing process.Liner surfaces with finer finish show a decrease in oil consumption in engine tests. To be able to produce finer surfaces an introduction of diamond honing tools is required. Honing with diamond tools gives a more robust manufacturing process in terms of surface roughness but there is a increased risk of cold worked material, blechmantel, due to higher honing pressure. A manufacturing quality control method based on SEM pictures and 2D profilometry of cylinder liner surfaces is developed and evaluated. The method is capable of discriminating surface quality but SEM pictures are not optimal for usage in manufacturing plants due to the complexity to obtain comparable pictures of the surfaces.
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| 10. |
- Anderberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Wear Resistance of Smooth Automotive Cylinder Liner Surfaces
- 2005
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Ingår i: World Tribology Congress III, Volume 2. - New York, NY : ASME Press. - 0791842029 ; , s. 603-604
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demands for decreased environmental impact from vehicles are resulting in a strong push for decreased engine oil, fuel consumption and weight. New machining and coating technologies have offered ways to attack these problems. Engine oil and fuel consumption are to a great extent controlled by the topography of the cylinder liner surface and it is therefore important to optimise this surface. Recent engine tests have shown a reduction in oil consumption when using cylinder liners with a smoother finish than that given by the current plateau honing. However, engine manufacturers are hesitant to introduce smoother liner surfaces because of fears of severe wear and scuffing. There is also the possibility that smoother liner surfaces may be more sensitive to the choice of piston ring finishes. This paper therefore seeks to investigate the functional performance and resistance to wear of these smooth cylinder liners and the mating top ring surfaces. Copyright © 2005 by ASME
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| 11. |
- Anderberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Suicide Risk in Anxiety-The Lundby Study 1947-2011
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 20:3, s. 75-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to calculate the long-term risk of accomplished suicide in anxiety disorders, and to compare this with a healthy population. The Lundby Study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on a population of 3,563 subjects. Between 1947 and 1997, anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 300 subjects. Up to 2011 there were 68 suicides in all. The suicide risk was 3.3% for anxiety. For only anxiety, risk was increased (p = 0.008), but other diagnoses had a higher risk (p = 0.0001) compared with no diagnosis. Mean time from onset to suicide was 27 years. Risk of suicide in anxiety disorders seems elevated at an intermediate level. Suicide often occurs many years after onset of the disorder.
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| 12. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Surface design methodology : challenge the steel
- 2013
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Ingår i: Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces, 2013. - Bristol, UK : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). ; 483:1, s. Art. no. 012013-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The way a product or material is experienced by its user could be different depending on the scenario. It is also well known that different materials and surfaces are used for different purposes. When optimizing materials and surface roughness for a certain something with the intention to improve a product, it is important to obtain not only the physical requirements, but also the user experience and expectations. Laws and requirements of the materials and the surface function, but also the conservative way of thinking about materials and colours characterize the design of medical equipment. The purpose of this paper is to link the technical- and customer requirements of current materials and surface textures in medical environments. By focusing on parts of the theory of Kansei Engineering, improvements of the companys' products are possible. The idea is to find correlations between desired experience or «feeling» for a product, -customer requirements, functional requirements, and product geometrical properties -design parameters, to be implemented on new improved products. To be able to find new materials with the same (or better) technical requirements but a higher level of user stimulation, the current material (stainless steel) and its surface (brushed textures) was used as a reference. The usage of focus groups of experts at the manufacturer lead to a selection of twelve possible new materials for investigation in the project. In collaboration with the topical company for this project, three new materials that fulfil the requirements -easy to clean and anti-bacterial came to be in focus for further investigation in regard to a new design of a washer-disinfector for medical equipment using the Kansei based Clean ability approach CAA. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 13. |
- Brantmark, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsa, sysselsättningoch levnadsvanor : Brukarundersökning av funktionshinder och funktionsnedsättningar och dess stödresurser i Blekinge 3 (BUFUS 3)
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BakgrundFolkhälsan i Sverige har blivit bättre men det finns skillnader i hälsa mellan olika grupper. Tobak, alkohol, fysisk aktivitet och kostvanor är levnadsvanor som har betydelse för hälsan. Personer som tillhör någon av de tre personkretsarna inom Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS) blir ofta exkluderade från studier varför det är svårt att beskriva hälsa och skillnader i levnadsvanor som har betydelse för hälsan i denna grupp. En tidigare brukarundersökning (BUFUS 1) beskriver förekomsten av sysselsättning och hälsa hos personer som har personlig assistans varför syftet med denna undersökning var att skapa en ökad förståelse kring eventuella samband mellan hälsa, sysselsättning och levnadsvanor i en större grupp dvs. personer med funktionsnedsättning som har beslut om LSS-insatser i Blekinge. Syftet var också att få kunskap om hur personer (LSS 1 och 2) beskrev områden som var betydelsefulla för hälsan.MetodTotalundersökning bland vuxna (18-64 år) och äldre (65 år och äldre) med beslut om LSS-insats, innefattande en tvärsnittstudie (n=574) och en kvalitativ intervjustudie (n=27). Data har analyserats med beskrivande statistik och regressionsanalys samt innehållsanalys.ResultatHälsan skilde sig signifikant mellan de tre LSS-grupperna. Färre personer som tillhör LSS 3 skattade sin hälsa som bra jämfört med övriga (LSS 1 och 2). Bland vuxna som tillhör LSS 1 och 2 hade sysselsättning och fysisk aktivitet betydelse för hälsan medan för vuxna som tillhör LSS 3 hade enbart fysisk aktivitet betydelse för hälsan. Fler personer, som tillhör LSS 3 hade fler läkarkontakter jämfört med övriga men oavsett grupp hade läkarkontakt en betydelse för hälsan.SlutsatsFysisk aktivitet har storbetydelse för hälsa hosvuxna personer oavsett LSS-tillhörighet. Det finns en medvetenhet om vad som behövs för att må bra och att ha någonstans att gå till utanför bostaden har positiv inverkan på hälsan. Det finns skillnader i självskattad hälsa i de olikaLSS-grupperna, och förekommande skillnader i den självskattade hälsa kan vara möjlighet till aktivitet. Modellen som visade att aktivitet förklarar hälsa i grupperna, förklarade dock enbart en liten del av variationen av hälsa. Det behövs fler studier som tar hänsyn tillandra faktorer än de som använts i denna undersökning för att kunna förstå vad som är av betydelse för personernas hälsa i olika ålders-och LSS grupper.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Chivukula, Indira V, et al.
(författare)
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Decoding breast cancer tissue-stroma interactions using species-specific sequencing.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decoding transcriptional effects of experimental tissue-tissue or cell-cell interactions is important; for example, to better understand tumor-stroma interactions after transplantation of human cells into mouse (xenografting). Transcriptome analysis of intermixed human and mouse cells has, however, frequently relied on the need to separate the two cell populations prior to transcriptome analysis, which introduces confounding effects on gene expression.
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| 16. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of Cylinder Liner Honing Textures for Production Control
- 2013
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Ingår i: Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642364570 - 9783642364587 ; , s. 281-302
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is of common interest to reduce oil consumption and frictional losses in internal combustion engines, which are heavily influenced by the quality of the cylinder liner surface. The plateau cross-hatch topography of a cylinder liner consists of a system of grooves of different density, width and depth, some parts covered by folded metal, and some parts totally interrupted and unbalanced as a result of imperfection in the honing process. These grooves are critical for good liner function, and need to be quickly and objectively quantified for an efficient surface finish development. A suitable way to do this is to use 3D interference measurements and to combine profile and image analysis. Thus, the features/parameters, such as honing angle, balance of honing texture, groove interrupts, width, height, and distance between grooves, are successively quantified. Here, these parameters, along with areal surface texture parameters in the published ISO specification standard were used in two case studies. The first case study is on the effect of the folded metal on the surfaces of run truck liners and the second is an evaluation of the improvements of the surface quality introduced by the diamond honing in production of car liners. In addition, based on the significant parameters of the surface, a general characterisation tool for qualifying the surface quality and determination of the required number of measurements is presented. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved.
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| 17. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of worn cylinder liner surfaces by segmentation of honing and wear scratches
- 2011
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Ingår i: Wear. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 271, s. 548-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of the honing scratches/grooves in cylinder liner surfaces is intended and desired as they improve the lubrication and retain the debris reducing the piston assembly/liner friction and consequently improve the fuel economy and longevity of the internal combustion (IC) engines. Axial scratches caused by the abrasive wear between the tribological partners and/or entrained wear particles are undesired since they are correlated with increased oil consumption and noxious emissions of the IC engines. Due to the imperfection of the manufacturing process, the honing grooves, especially the deep ones, are smeared and interrupted by folds. A portion of the folds would eventually detach during the running process and act as abrasive particles increasing the wear in the cylinder. To closely examine the influence of all these features on the liner's function, it emerges a need to objectively quantify the axial wear scratches, plateau honing grooves, deep honing grooves and their interrupts. The existing techniques fail to segment a groove containing interrupts as they usually appear as summits at several locations in the course of the groove. Combining the profile and image analyses, the deep grooves and their interrupts were successfully identified and quantified in earlier works of the authors. In this paper those algorithms are extended, so that the deep honing grooves, plateau honing grooves and axial scratches crossing different depth levels are sequentially segmented in three levels/steps in an immersing way. A number of parameters derived from this method were utilised to compare 3D interference measurements from the top dead centre, middle and bottom region of a liner run in a truck engine test whereas the three regions represent different wear regimes due to the different running conditions. The results show that: (i) the axial scratches are densest in the top dead centre and about the same size as the plateau grooves in all three regions, while in the bottom region there are only few scratches; (ii) the presence of plateau grooves in the top region clearly decreases, (iii) the deep groove interrupt and coverage are lowest in the top region, and (iv) the groove height and distance between grooves spread mostly.
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| 18. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of Worn Cylinder Liner Surfaces by Segmentation of Honing and Wear Scratches
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces. - Rzesow, Poland : Rzeszow University of Technology. - 9788371995453 ; , s. 187-192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of the honing scratches/grooves in cylinder liner surfaces is intended and desired as they improve the lubrication and retain the debris reducing the piston assembly/liner friction and consequently improve the fuel economy and longevity of the internal combustion (IC) engines. Axial scratches caused by the abrasive wear between the tribological partners and/or entrained wear particles are undesired since they are correlated with increased oil consumption and noxious emissions of the IC engines. Due to the imperfection of the manufacturing process, the honing grooves, especially the deep ones, are smeared and interrupted by folds. A portion of the folds would eventually detach during the running process and act as abrasive particles increasing the wear in the cylinder. To closely examine the influence of all these features on the liner's function, it emerges a need to objectively quantify the axial wear scratches, plateau honing grooves, deep honing grooves and their interrupts. The existing techniques fail to segment a groove containing interrupts as they usually appear as summits at several locations in the course of the groove. Combining the profile and image analyses, the deep grooves and their interrupts were successfully identified and quantified in earlier works of the authors. In this paper those algorithms are extended, so that the deep honing grooves, plateau honing grooves and axial scratches crossing different depth levels are sequentially segmented in three levels/steps in an immersing way. A number of parameters derived from this method were utilised to compare 3D interference measurements from the top dead centre, middle and bottom region of a liner run in a truck engine test whereas the three regions represent different wear regimes due to the different running conditions. The results show that: (i) the axial scratches are densest in the top dead centre and about the same size as the plateau grooves in all three regions, while in the bottom region there are only few scratches; (ii) the presence of plateau grooves in the top region clearly decreases, (iii) the deep groove interrupt and coverage are lowest in the top region, and (iv) the groove height and distance between grooves spread mostly. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, et al.
(författare)
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Complementing 3D Roughness Parameters for Monitoring of Improved Honing of Cylinder Bores
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Swedish Production Symposium (SPS) - 2008. - 9783939026952
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is of common interest to reduce the oil consumption and frictional losses in the internal combustion engines which are in a great deal influenced by the quality of the cylinder liner surface. Its criss-cross patterned topography consists of a communicating system of grooves of different density, width, and depth, somewhere covered by folded metal, and somewhere totally interrupted and unbalanced as a result of the honing process imperfections. These features are crucial for a good liner’s function and are inspected from scanning electron microscope images by experts, which is subjective and time consuming process. Today, a fast automatic quality control is possible by using optical instruments to measure the liner’s topography, and a computer to calculate and check if the standard roughness and groove parameters are in tolerance. Therefore, combining the profile and image analysis, algorithms were developed to compute liner’s groove parameters from 3D interference measurements taken from three different types of cylinder bore surfaces of passenger cars. One of the surface types was a result of a test of an improved honing and the other two being currently in use. Then, the standard and new parameters (groove interruption, number of grooves, holes, etc) were incorporated in a characterisation tool to objectively and quickly evaluate the improvement of the liner’s quality for an updated monitoring in production.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Cylinder Liner Honed Surface Optimisation - a Manufacture-Characterisation-Function Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Swedish production symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to comply with increasingly stringent emission standards, engine manufacturers strive to reduce the oil consumption and frictional losses. One of the major contributors to it is the cylinder liner surface. Therefore, it is important to investigate what are the optimal machining parameters to manufacture liner topography with an optimal function. Numerous liners were slide honed, varying the base honing pressure and plateau honing time. The samples of the liners were measured on stylus and interferometer, and characterized by 2D and 3D parameters. The interference measurements were inputted in a flow simulation program and the mean oil flow and hydrodynamic shear stress were calculated for different nominal separations between the ring and liner. The analytical results show that a relatively low base honing pressure and longer plateau honing time give a surface with the lowest mean oil flow and the highest shear stress. A good correlation among the oil flow, shear stress, base honing pressure, Sa, Sk, Svk, and other roughness parameters was also found.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, et al.
(författare)
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Optimisation of Cylinder Liner Surface Finish by Slide Honing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part B, journal of engineering manufacture. - London : Mechanical Engineering Publ.. - 0954-4054 .- 2041-2975. ; 226:4, s. 575-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cylinder liner surface finish controls the frictional losses, oil consumption, and emissions of internal combustion engines to a large extent. In order to minimize such losses, it is important to optimize the liner surface topography by a consistent and more productive finishing process such as slide honing. This process employs diamond abrasives and has been recently introduced in the automotive industry. In this study, its potentials are explored, especially the winning combination of its key process parameters: the base honing pressure and plateau honing time that would yield an optimal liner surface finish. A number of truck engine liners were slide-honed by using different process parameters, samples of the liners were cut, and three-dimensional (3D) surface measurements were taken on a white light interferometer. Then, among others, the (deep honing) groove parameters, specific for liner surfaces, were computed from the measurements for building a large database for comparison and correlation. By simulating the contact and fluid mechanics between the measured liner topographies and a twin land oil control ring under mixed lubrication conditions, the friction mean effective pressure and oil passage rate for a range of engine speeds were calculated. These two parameters represent the liner's function associated with the engine's friction and oil consumption respectively. The results show that the lowest friction and oil flow are highly correlated with surfaces having smoother plateaus and smaller valleys, finished by using lower base honing pressure and longer plateau honing time. High correlations between the 3D roughness parameters were also found, enabling the selection and use of more stable and robust parameters in the quality control of the liner's surface finish. © IMechE 2012.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of Blechmantel Effect on Wear of Cylinder Bore Microtopography
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Symposium on Tribology, Nordtrib 2008. - Tampere : Tampere University Press. - 9789521519611 ; , s. 13-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of cold work material (blechmantel) smeared out on cylinder liners by faulty honing is undesirable as it seals the oil-bearing honing grooves. It is also believed to correlate with increased bore wear, presumably due to its loosening and together with the carbon build-up from the piston’s top land form an increased quantity of abrasive particles. An attempt has been made to estimate the extent of removal of blechmantel for different wear regimes present at the middle and top region (near the top dead centre) of the liner surface using the unworn bottom region as a reference for comparison. A number of truck cylinder liners were axially sectioned after varying periods of engine running under similar conditions of load, engine speed and lubrication. 3D surface measurements were taken at the three regions and a range of standard parameters was extracted. Combining the profile and image analysis, an algorithm was developed to identify and quantify the blechmantel covering the grooves that is most likely to break and act as abrasive wear particles and at the same time it represents the part of blechmantel which covers the most of the surface. It was found out that a mere portion of the blechmantel from the middle and bottom section was removed, while the blechmantel from the top section was greatly removed and thereby it represents one of the possible causes for wear. Axial wear scratches more emphasized on the thrust side of the liner were observed not only through the whole stroke area, but also in the bottom region. The fact that the most of the blechmantel is not removed from the running surface of the liner (except for the very small portion of the polished areas at the dead centres), points out that the blechmantel plays only a minor role on wear of the cylinder liner surfaces.
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| 26. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the cold worked material inside the deep honing grooves on cylider liner surfaces and its effect on wear
- 2009
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Ingår i: Wear. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 267:12, s. 2235-2242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased presence of cold work material on cylinder liners due to the introduction of the diamond honing is undesirable as it seats the oil-bearing honing grooves. The most of it is a smeared metal inside the deep honing grooves (blechmantel) that may break and act as abrasive wear particles increasing the bore wear. An attempt has been made to estimate the extent of removal of blechmantel for different wear regimes present at the middle and top region (near the top dead centre) of the liner surface using the least worn bottom region as a reference for comparison. A number of truck grey iron cylinder liners were axially sectioned after varying periods of engine running under similar conditions of load, engine speed and lubrication. 3D surface measurements were taken at the three regions and a range of standard parameters was extracted. Combining the profile and image analysis, an algorithm was developed to identify and quantify the blechmantel. The algorithm has successfully identified/quantified the blechmantel and can be used for automatic surface quality and process control. It was found that the amount of the blechmantel in the middle section was approximately the same (though slightly lower) as that in the bottom section, while there was a considerable dislocation and removal of blechmantel in the top section and thereby it represents one of the possible causes for wear. Axial wear scratches of different size and distribution were observed not only through the whole stroke area, but also in the bottom region. All engines and liners performed well throughout the tests, and the observed quantities of blechmantel and axial scratches are acceptable for the time being.
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| 27. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards 3D Characterisation of Cylinder Liner Surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings / XII. International Colloquium on Surfaces January 28th and 29th, 2008, Chemnitz, Germany = XII. Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium. - Aachen : Shaker Verlag. - 9783832269128 ; , s. 15-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cylinder liner surface has a direct impact on the oil consumption and frictional losses in the internal combustion engines which are in common interest to be as lower as possible. Thus, the optimisation of the liner surface, its function and manufacture is often on the agenda of the automotive industry. Since the liner surface finish is a subject of improving, there is a need of improving and facilitating of its 3D characterisation preliminary when the parameter control limits are unknown, as well as later when it is experimentally verified and the limits are better determined. For that purpose a method for quality control in 3D of cylinder liners is proposed here. A tool was developed and implemented for rating of cylinder liner surfaces, computing of 3D groove parameters (groove width, height and distance between grooves) and determination of a needed number of measurements.
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Staffan G., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of the cylinder liner surface for reduction of oil consumption
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Tribology Congress III. - 0791842029 - 9780791842027 ; , s. 559-560
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A decrease of oil consumption in the modern truck engine would mean decrease of particulate matter and hydrocarbon emissions. This decrease has a positive impact on the environment. One important source of oil consumption is the piston/piston-ring/liner system. One way of decreasing oil consumption is to optimize the surface topography of the liner. In this study different liner surfaces and different piston rings were investigated. The investigation shows that it is possible to decrease both the oil film thickness and the friction without sacrificing wear properties of the piston-liner system. A new surface parameter for quick wear estimation of this system is presented. Copyright © 2005 by ASME.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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New cylinder liner surfaces for low oil consumption
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 41:9-10, s. 854-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anticipated emission legislation and reduced fuel consumption are the main driving forces when developing new engines. Optimization of the active surfaces in the piston system is one possible way to meet the above demands. In this study the effects of surface topography and texture direction of the ring/liner contact on oil film thickness and friction were simulated and experimentally tested. "Low wear" results from the experimental wear tests with "glide honed" smooth liner surfaces supported the "low friction" simulation results. In addition a new wear volume sensitive surface roughness parameter, Rktot, based on the Abbot-Firestone bearing area curve was introduced.
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| 30. |
- Reddy, Vijeth Venkataram, 1990
(författare)
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On Deterministic feature-based Surface Analysis
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing sector is continuously identifying opportunities to streamline production, reduce waste and improve manufacturing efficiency without compromising product quality. Continuous improvement has been the primary objective to produce acceptable quality products and meet dynamic customer demands by using advanced techniques and methods. Considering the current demands from society on improving the efficiency with sustainable goals, there is considerable interest from researchers and industry to explore the potential, to optimize- and customize manufactured surfaces, as one way of improving the performance of products and processes. Every manufacturing process generate surfaces which beholds certain signature features. Engineered surfaces consist of both, features that are of interest and features that are irrelevant. These features imparted on the manufactured part vary depending on the process, materials, tooling and manufacturing process variables. Characterization and analysis of deterministic features represented by significant surface parameters helps the understanding of the process and its influence on surface functional properties such as wettability, fluid retention, friction, wear and aesthetic properties such as gloss, matte. In this thesis, a general methodology with a statistical approach is proposed to extract the robust surface parameters that provides deterministic and valuable information on manufactured surfaces. Surface features produced by turning, injection molding and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are characterized by roughness profile parameters and areal surface parameters defined by ISO standards. Multiple regression statistics is used to resolve surfaces produced with multiple process variables and multiple levels. In addition, other statistical methods used to capture the relevant surface parameters for analysis are also discussed in this thesis. The selected significant parameters discriminate between the samples produced by different process variables and helps to identify the influence of each process variable. The discussed statistical approach provides valuable information on the surface function and further helps to interpret the surfaces for process optimization. The research methods used in this study are found to be valid and applicable for different manufacturing processes and can be used to support guidelines for the manufacturing industry focusing on process optimization through surface analysis. With recent advancement in manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing, new methodologies like the statistical one used in this thesis is essential to explore new and future possibilities related to surface engineering.
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| 31. |
- Wickström, Hanna Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic prescription using a digital decision support system : a register-based study of patients with hard-to-heal ulcers in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate differences in antibiotic prescription for patients with hard-to-heal ulcers assessed using a digital decision support system (DDSS) compared with those assessed without using a DDSS. A further aim was to examine predictors for antibiotic prescription. DESIGN: Register-based study. SETTING: In 2018-2019, healthcare staff in primary, community and specialist care in Sweden tested a DDSS that offers a mobile application for data and photograph transfer to a platform for multidisciplinary consultation and automatic transmission of data to the Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). Register-based data from patients assessed and diagnosed using the DDSS combined with the RUT was compared with register-based data from patients whose assessments were merely registered in the RUT. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 117 patients assessed using the DDSS combined with the RUT (the study group) were compared with 1784 patients whose assessments were registered in the RUT without using the DDSS (the control group). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences in antibiotic prescription were analysed using the Pearson's χ2 test. A logistic regression analysis was used to check for influencing factors on antibiotic prescription. RESULTS: Patients assessed using a DDSS in combination with the RUT had significantly lower antibiotic prescription than patients entered in the RUT without using the DDSS (8% vs 26%) (p=0.002) (only healed ulcers included). Predictors for antibiotic prescription were diabetes; long healing time; having an arterial, neuropathic or malignant ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: A DDSS with data and photograph transfer that enables multidisciplinary communication appears to be a suitable tool to reduce antibiotic prescription for patients with hard-to-heal ulcers.
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| 32. |
- Wickström, Hanna L, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing video consultation with inperson assessment for Swedish patients with hard-to-heal ulcers : registry-based studies of healing time and of waiting time
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate differences in ulcer healing time and waiting time between video consultation and inperson assessment for patients with hard-to-heal ulcers. Setting Patients treated at Blekinge Wound Healing Centre, a primary care centre covering the whole of Blekinge county (150 000 inhabitants), were compared with patients registered and treated according to the Registry of Ulcer Treatment, a Swedish national web-based quality registry. Participants In the study for analysing ulcer healing time, the study group consisted of 100 patients diagnosed through video consultation between October 2014 and September 2016. The control group for analysing healing time consisted of 1888 patients diagnosed through inperson assessment during the same period. In the study for analysing waiting time, the same study group (n=100) was compared with 100 patients diagnosed through inperson assessment. Primary and secondary outcome measures Differences in ulcer healing time were analysed using the log-rank test. Differences in waiting time were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Median healing time was 59 days (95% CI 40 to 78) in the study group and 82 days (95% CI 75 to 89) in the control group (P<0.001). Median waiting time was 25 days (range: 1-83 days) in the study group and 32 days (range: 3-294 days) for patients diagnosed through inperson assessment (P=0.017). There were no significant differences between the study group and the control group regarding age, gender or ulcer size. Conclusions Healing time and waiting time were significantly shorter for patients diagnosed through video consultation compared with those diagnosed through inperson assessment.
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| 33. |
- Wickström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and analgaesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers : using telemedicine or standard consultations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound Care. - : MA Healthcare Ltd. - 0969-0700 .- 2052-2916. ; 29:Suppl 8, s. S18-S27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment. Method: This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (chi(2)). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses. Results: The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (chi(2), p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (chi(2), p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation. Conclusion: To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment.
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| 34. |
- Wickström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and analgesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers : using telemedicine or standard consultations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound Care. - : Mark Allen Group. - 0969-0700 .- 2052-2916. ; 30:Sup6, s. S23-S32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment.Method:This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses.Results:The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (χ2, p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (χ2, p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation.Conclusion:To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment.
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| 35. |
- Wickström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Pain and analgesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers : Using telemedicine or standard consultations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Wound Care. - : MA Healthcare Ltd. - 0969-0700 .- 2052-2916. ; 30:6, s. S23-S32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment. Method: This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (c2). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses. Results: The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (c2, p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (c2, p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation. Conclusion: To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment. Declaration of interest: This study was partly funded by the Scientific Committee of Blekinge County Council´s Research and Development Foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest. © 2021 MA Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved.
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