| 1. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kristensen, Frederik Pagh Bredahl, et al.
(författare)
-
The Prevalence of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups Based on HOMA2 Indices of b-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - 0149-5992. ; 46:8, s. 1546-1555
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome components may cumulatively increase the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, driven by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. We investigated the prevalence of DPN in three T2DM subgroups based on indices of b-cell function and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We estimated b-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) in 4,388 Danish patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Patients were categorized into subgroups of hyperinsulinemic (high HOMA2-B, low HOMA2-S), classical (low HOMA2-B, low HOMA2-S), and insulinopenic (low HOMA2-B, high HOMA2-S) T2DM. After a median follow-up of 3 years, patients filled the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (MNSIq) to identify DPN (score ‡ 4). We used Poisson regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for DPN, and spline models to examine the association with HOMA2-B and HOMA2-S. RESULTS A total of 3,397 (77%) patients filled in the MNSIq. The prevalence of DPN was 23% among hyperinsulinemic, 16% among classical, and 14% among insulinopenic pa-tients. After adjusting for demographics, diabetes duration and therapy, lifestyle behaviors, and metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, triglycer-ides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and HbA1c), the PR of DPN was 1.35 (95% CI 1.15–1.57) for the hyperinsulinemic compared with the classical patients. In spline analyses, we observed a linear relation of higher DPN prevalence with increasing HOMA2-B, independent of both metabolic syndrome components and HOMA2-S. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia marked by high HOMA2-B is likely an important risk factor for DPN beyond metabolic syndrome components and insulin resistance. This should be considered when developing interventions to prevent DPN.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wolf, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
PHOTO-STABILITY OF SUPER-HYDROGENATED PAHs DETERMINED BY ACTION SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENTS
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 832:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the photo-stability of pristine and super-hydrogenated pyrene cations (C16H10+m+, m = 0, 6, or 16) by means of gas-phase action spectroscopy. Optical absorption spectra and photoinduced dissociation mass spectra are presented. By measuring the yield of mass-selected photo-fragment ions as a function of laser pulse intensity, the number of photons (and hence the energy) needed for fragmentation of the carbon backbone was determined. Backbone fragmentation of pristine pyrene ions (C16H10+) requires absorption of three photons of energy just below 3 eV, whereas super-hydrogenated hexahydropyrene (C16H16+) must absorb two such photons and fully hydrogenated hexadecahydropyrene (C16H26+) only a single photon. These results are consistent with previously reported dissociation energies for these ions. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that the increased heat capacity from the additional hydrogen atoms does not compensate for the weakening of the carbon backbone when pyrene is hydrogenated. In photodissociation regions, super-hydrogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed to serve as catalysts for H-2 formation. Our results indicate that carbon backbone fragmentation may be a serious competitor to H-2 formation at least for small hydrogenated PAHs like pyrene.
|
|
| 4. |
- Zettergren, Henning, et al.
(författare)
-
Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal D. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 75:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen contributions by scientists with leading expertise in complementary experimental and theoretical techniques to probe the dynamics on timescales spanning twenty order of magnitudes, from attoseconds to minutes and beyond, and for systems ranging in complexity from the smallest (diatomic) molecules to clusters and nanoparticles. Combining some of these techniques opens up new avenues to unravel hitherto unexplored reaction pathways and mechanisms, and to establish their significance in, e.g. radiotherapy and radiation damage on the nanoscale, astrophysics, astrochemistry and atmospheric science.
|
|
| 5. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
-
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 329-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
|
|
| 6. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
-
Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersen, Henning Haahr, et al.
(författare)
-
Category O for quantum groups
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Mathematical Society (Print). - 1435-9855 .- 1435-9863. ; 17:2, s. 405-431
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the BGG-categories O-q associated to quantum groups. We prove that many properties of the ordinary BGG-category O for a semisimple complex Lie algebra carry over to the quantum case. Of particular interest is the case when q is a complex root of unity. Here we prove a tensor decomposition for simple modules, projective modules, and indecomposable tilting modules. Using the known Kazhdan-Lusztig conjectures for O and for finite-dimensional U-q-modules we are able to determine all irreducible characters as well as the characters of all indecomposable tilting modules in O-q. As a consequence, we also recover the known result that the generic quantum case behaves like the classical category O.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersen, Julie Swartz, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic comparison of mass timber and concrete construction in the nordic region
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering, WCTE 2023. ; 7, s. 4360-4369
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The timber sector has been growing strongly in various regions of the world. Yet, the construction industry is still far from being sustainable. One barrier is the economic concern in planning and construction works of timber constructions. This study aims to provide insights on the cost performance of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) constructions for stakeholders to make an informed decision. It analysed the production cost of multi-story residential buildings with CLT in comparison to concrete in Norway and Sweden. The production cost data of various construction projects with either CLT or concrete was collected and analysed. Interviews with stakeholders were conducted to complement the interpretation of the cost data. The result showed that each project had its individual conditions in the economic background and requirements by client, and thus it was difficult to formulate a general tendency on the cost performance. The variability of the cost was larger and the average production cost was higher in CLT cases. Yet, there are high incentives of contractors and clients for a more sustainable alternative in general. The incentive is also reinforced by the general experience of contractors that the construction cost is better optimized as the contractor gains more experiences.
|
|
| 10. |
- Blauenfeldt, Rolf Ankerlund, et al.
(författare)
-
Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Stroke : The RESIST Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JAMA. - 0098-7484. ; 330:13, s. 1236-1246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Despite some promising preclinical and clinical data, it remains uncertain whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) with transient cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion is an effective treatment for acute stroke. Objective: To evaluate the effect of RIC when initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital on functional outcome in patients with acute stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 stroke centers in Denmark that included 1500 patients with prehospital stroke symptoms for less than 4 hours (enrolled March 16, 2018, to November 11, 2022; final follow-up, February 3, 2023). Intervention: The intervention was delivered using an inflatable cuff on 1 upper extremity (RIC cuff pressure, ≤200 mm Hg [n = 749] and sham cuff pressure, 20 mm Hg [n = 751]). Each treatment application consisted of 5 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff inflation followed by 5 minutes of cuff deflation. Treatment was started in the ambulance and repeated at least once in the hospital and then twice daily for 7 days among a subset of participants. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was improvement in functional outcome measured as a shift across the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 90 days in the target population with a final diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results: Among 1500 patients who were randomized (median age, 71 years; 591 women [41%]), 1433 (96%) completed the trial. Of these, 149 patients (10%) were diagnosed with transient ischemic attack and 382 (27%) with a stroke mimic. In the remaining 902 patients with a target diagnosis of stroke (737 [82%] with ischemic stroke and 165 [18%] with intracerebral hemorrhage), 436 underwent RIC and 466 sham treatment. The median mRS score at 90 days was 2 (IQR, 1-3) in the RIC group and 1 (IQR, 1-3) in the sham group. RIC treatment was not significantly associated with improved functional outcome at 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.20, P =.67; absolute difference in median mRS score, -1; -1.7 to -0.25). In all randomized patients, there were no significant differences in the number of serious adverse events: 169 patients (23.7%) in the RIC group with 1 or more serious adverse events vs 175 patients (24.3%) in the sham group (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.11; P =.68). Upper extremity pain during treatment and/or skin petechia occurred in 54 (7.2%) in the RIC group and 11 (1.5%) in the sham group. Conclusions and Relevance: RIC initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital did not significantly improve functional outcome at 90 days in patients with acute stroke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03481777.
|
|
| 11. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
-
Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
|
|
| 12. |
- Christensen, Mette M H, et al.
(författare)
-
The pharmacogenetics of metformin and its impact on plasma metformin steady-state levels and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 21:12, s. 837-850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic variations in OCT1, OCT2, MATE1, MATE 2, and PMAT on the trough steady-state plasma concentration of metformin and hemoglobin A1c (Hb1Ac). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethod The South Danish Diabetes Study was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. One hundred and fifty-nine patients received 1 g of metformin, twice daily continuously, and 415 repeated plasma metformin measurements were obtained after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The mean trough steady-state metformin plasma concentration was estimated to be 576 ng/ml (range, 54-4133 ng/ml, rho = 0.55) and correlated to the number of reduced function alleles in OCT1 (none, one or two: 642, 542, 397 ng/ml; P = 0.001). The absolute decrease in Hb1Ac both initially and long term was also correlated to the number of reduced function alleles in OCT1 resulting in diminished pharmacodynamic effect of metformin after 6 and 24 months. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion In a large cohort of type 2 diabetics, we either confirm or show for the first time: (a) an enormous 80-fold) variability in trough steady-state metformin plasma concentration, (b) OCT1 activity affects metformin steady-state pharmacokinetics, and (c) OCT1 genotype has a bearing on HbA1c during metformin treatment.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ejlertsen, Bent, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved outcome from substituting methotrexate with epirubicin : results from a randomised comparison of CMF versus CEF in patients with primary breast cancer
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 43:5, s. 877-884
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared the efficacy of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil) against CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) in moderate or high risk breast cancer patients. We randomly assigned 1224 patients with completely resected unilateral breast cancer to receive nine cycles of three-weekly intravenous CMF or CEF. Patients were encouraged to take part in a parallel trial comparing oral pamidronate 150 mg twice daily for 4 years versus control (data not shown). Substitution of methotrexate with epirubicin significantly reduced the unadjusted hazard for disease-free survival (DFS) by 16% (hazard ratio 0.84; 95% CI; 0.71-0.99) and for overall survival by 21% (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% CI; 0.66-0.94). The risk of secondary leukaemia and congestive heart failure was similar in the two groups. Overall CEF was superior over CMF in terms of DFS and OS in patients with operable breast cancer without subsequent increase in late toxicities.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hansen, Henning Gram, et al.
(författare)
-
Versatile microscale screening platform for improving recombinant protein productivity in Chinese hamster ovary cells
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used as cell factories for the production of biopharmaceuticals. In contrast to the highly optimized production processes for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biopharmaceuticals, improving productivity of non-mAb therapeutic glycoproteins is more likely to reduce production costs significantly. The aim of this study was to establish a versatile target gene screening platform for improving productivity for primarily non-mAb glycoproteins with complete interchangeability of model proteins and target genes using transient expression. The platform consists of four techniques compatible with 96-well microplates: lipid-based transient transfection, cell cultivation in microplates, cell counting and antibody-independent product titer determination based on split-GFP complementation. We were able to demonstrate growth profiles and volumetric productivity of CHO cells in 96-half-deepwell microplates comparable with those obtained in shake flasks. In addition, we demonstrate that split-GFP complementation can be used to accurately measure relative titers of therapeutic glycoproteins. Using this platform, we were able to detect target gene-specific increase in titer and specific productivity of two non-mAb glycoproteins. In conclusion, the platform provides a novel miniaturized and parallelisable solution for screening target genes and holds the potential to unravel genes that can enhance the secretory capacity of CHO cells.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hansson, Nicolaj C., et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of calcium volume and distribution in aortic root injury related to balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- 2015
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1934-5925. ; 9:5, s. 382-392
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A detailed assessment of calcium within the aortic root may provide important additional information regarding the risk of aortic root injury during transcatheter heart valve replacement (TAVR). Objective: We sought to delineate the effect of calcium volume and distribution on aortic root injury during TAVR. Methods: Thirty-three patients experiencing aortic root injury during TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve were compared with a control group of 153 consecutive TAVR patients without aortic root injury (as assessed by post-TAVR multidetector CT). Using commercial software to analyze contrast-enhanced pre-TAVR CT scans, caltium volume was determined in 3 regions: (1) the overall left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), extending 10 mm down from the aortic annulus plane; (2) the upper LVOT, extending 2 mm down from the annulus plane; and (3) the aortic valve region. Results: Calcium volumes in the upper LVOT (median, 29 vs 0 mm(3); P less than .0001) and overall LVOT (median, 74 vs 3 mm(3); P = .0001) were higher in patients who experienced aortic root injury compared with the control group. Calcium in the aortic valve region did not differ between groups. Upper LVOT calcium volume was more predictive of aortic root injury than overall LVOT calcium volume (area under receiver operating curve [AUG]; 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.86 vs AUC, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.82; P = .010). Upper LVOT calcium below the noncoronary cusp was significantly more predictive of aortic root injury compared to calcium underneath the right coronary cusp or the left coronary cusp (AUC, 0.81 vs 0.68 vs 0.64). Prosthesis oversizing greater than20% (likelihood ratio test, P = .028) and redilatation (likelihood ratio test, P = .015) improved prediction of aortic root injury by upper LVOT calcium volume. Conclusion: Calcification of the LVOT, especially in the upper LVOT, located below the noncoronary cusp and extending from the annular region, is predictive of aortic root injury during TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve. (C) 2015 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hansted Andersen, Julie, et al.
(författare)
-
Construction cost of timber buildings
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are increasing interests and practices in modern large timber constructions globally for the renewability and carbon storage function of wood. However, many stakeholders with limited knowledge and experience with timber still feel uncertain on how to carry out construction projects with timber. The common notion is that timber constructions would become more costly than a conventional alternative such as concrete. In order to inform wide spectrum of construction stakeholders in Scandinavia, this report presents a study on construction cost of cross laminated timber (CLT) buildings compared with concrete/steel buildings in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The study investigated the actual cost of 9 recent multi-storey residential buildings, 5 constructed with a load-bearing system in primarily CLT and 4 constructed in primarily concrete in Norway and Sweden. Due to the nature of the chronological and geographical differences of market conditions, the cost data were evaluated separately for Norway and Sweden. In addition to the case building analysis, interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the case building projects as well as those from the industry with experiences with CLT buildings. The interviews contributed to a broader perspective of the cost analysis, with explanations of the projects and experiences of advantages and disadvantages for CLT building and concrete buildings. The results showed a tendency that the construction cost of the Norwegian CLT projects were higher than the Norwegian concrete projects. For the Swedish projects the concrete building had a higher cost compared to the CLT projects, however it can't be concluded as a tendency for the Swedish projects, since investigation only included one concrete project and two CLT projects. The results showed that often the material-related costs were higher for CLT buildings than concrete buildings. Such costs are for example the material cost itself and transportation cost for a long distance. Furthermore, the fire protection and measures for the finalized building according to fire safety resulted in a higher cost in the CLT cases. However, the construction time is often shorter for CLT buildings than concrete buildings, and CLT buildings are lighter and therefore the foundation can be dimensioned smaller. Although such observations were made, throughout the interviews it was stated that one should be careful comparing the cost of two buildings since the cost is very much depended on the specific project. Thus, the results shown in this report must be seen as tendencies and not as a forecast for specific cost difference between CLT building and concrete buildings. This study was an investigation of construction costs and advantages and disadvantages of CLT buildings in relation to the construction cost up till 2022. When there is a major change in the economy and legislations of the construction sector, the cost structure may be substantially affected. One of such factors may be the increasing focus on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the construction industry. The availability of resource might be also a key factor for the future cost development for both CLT and concrete.
|
|
| 17. |
- Jelenkovic, Aline, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood : An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 120, s. 53-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14–4.25 cm and 0.18–0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
|
|
| 18. |
- Jelenkovic, Aline, et al.
(författare)
-
Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 18:5, s. 557-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Kristensen, Bent, et al.
(författare)
-
Bisphosphonate treatment in primary breast cancer : results from a randomised comparison of oral pamidronate versus no pamidronate in patients with primary breast cancer
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 47:4, s. 740-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE AND PATIENTS: During the period from January 1990 to January 1996 a total of 953 patients with lymph node negative primary breast cancer were randomised to oral pamidronate (n=460) 150 mg twice daily for 4 years or no adjuvant pamidronate (n=493) in order to investigate whether oral pamidronate can prevent the occurrence of bone metastases and fractures. The patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, loco-regional radiation therapy, but no endocrine treatment. RESULTS: During the follow-up period the number of patients with pure bone metastases was 35 in the control group and 31 in the pamidronate group. The number of patients with a combination of bone and other distant metastases were 22 in the control group and 20 in the pamidronate group. The hazard rate ratio for recurrence in bone in the pamidronate group compared to the control group was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.75-1.40) and p=0.86. No effect was observed on overall survival. In a small subgroup of 27 patients from the study, 12 of whom were treated with pamidronate a significant bone preserving effect was observed on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, but not in the proximal femur. CONCLUSION: The results from the trial do not support a beneficial effect of oral pamidronate on the occurrence of bone metastases or fractures in patients with primary breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
|
|
| 21. |
- Kåhrström, Johan, 1980-
(författare)
-
Tensor Products on Category O and Kostant's Problem
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of a summary and three papers, concerning some aspects of representation theory for complex finite dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras with focus on the BGG-category O.Paper I is motivated by the many useful properties of functors on category O given by tensoring with finite dimensional modules, such as projective functors and translation functors. We study properties of functors on O given by tensoring with arbitrary (possibly infinite dimensional) modules. Such functors give rise to a faithful action of O on itself via exact functors which preserve tilting modules, via right exact functors which preserve projective modules, and via left exact functors which preserve injective modules.Papers II and III both deal with Kostant's problem. In Paper II we establish an effective criterion equivalent to the answer to Kostant's problem for simple highest weight modules, in the case where the Lie algebra is of type A. Using this, we derive some old and new results which answer Kostant's problem in special cases. An easy sufficient condition derived from this criterion using Kazhdan-Lusztig combinatorics allows for a straightforward computational check using a computer, by which we get a complete answer for simple highest weight modules in the principal block of O for algebras of rank less than 5.In Paper III we relate the answer to Kostant's problem for certain modules to the answer to Kostant's problem for a module over a subalgebra. We also give a new description of a certain quotient of the dominant Verma module, which allows us to give a bound on the multiplicities of simple composition factors of primitive quotients of the universal enveloping algebra.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lindblad, Marléne, 1963-
(författare)
-
Exploring patient safety in home healthcare : a resilience engineering approach
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the thesis is to increase knowledge and understanding of patient safety in home healthcare.This thesis has an explorative mixed-methods design, with both qualitative (Papers І and ІІ) and quantitative (Papers ІІІ, ІV and V) methods. Data for Papers І and ІІ were collected at three specialised home healthcare units. The aim for Paper І was to explore patient safety in home healthcare from the multidisciplinary teams and clinical managers’ perspective. Data collection for the study was done through seven individual and nine focus group interviews, a total of 51 participants, and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The aim of Paper ІІ was to explore the medication management process. The data collection was done by observing the medication management process for 27 days, 9 days per unit, and through interviews with the healthcare professionals who had been observed. Data was collected in iterative phases and analysed with grounded theory.The aim of Paper ІІІ was to develop a trigger tool for structured retrospective record review to identify adverse events and no-harm incidents and their preventability that affect adult patients admitted into home healthcare. Another aim was to describe how the development was conducted. During the development, the trigger tool was tested twice, using 60 and 600 records, respectively, from ten different organisations from nine different regions across Sweden. The same 600 randomised home healthcare records were used for Papers ІV and V. The aim of Paper ІV was to explore the incidence, types and preventability of adverse events using the trigger tool. For Paper V the aim was to explore cumulative incidence, preventability, types and potential contributing causes of no-harm incidents using the trigger tool. Studies ІІІ, ІV and V were analysed with descriptive statistics.The results showed that the clinical managers and the multidisciplinary teams considered patient safety as associated with their common mind-set of safe care, based on a well-established care ideology. This mindset included the establishment of a trustworthy relationship with patients and relatives. At the same time, provision of care in a home was characterised by weighing values against each other, between risks and patients’ and relatives’ autonomy and wishes. Other typical contradictory values were between collecting measurements for different quality registers (directives from policy-makers as a measure of quality and safety), or taking time for patient needs. Strategies and behaviours, such as not following routines, to get around problematic processes were the result of conflicting goals that either promoted or prevented patient safety (Papers І and ІІ). Results from Study ІІІ showed that the empirically tested triggers identified more triggers compared to several other studies and thus formed a rich material for validation. More than a third of the patients in home healthcare were affected by adverse events (37.7%), most of which were deemed preventable (71.6%). Most adverse events (69.1%) were temporary and led to that the patient required extra healthcare visits or led to a prolonged period of healthcare. The most common adverse events were “healthcare-associated infections, falls and pressure ulcers (Study ІV). Almost every third patient (29.5%) was affected by a no-harm incident, one-fifth of which were deemed preventable (21.2%). The most common types of no-harm incidents were “fall without harm,” “deficiencies in medication management,” and “moderate pain”. “Deficiencies in medication management” were deemed to have a preventability rate (98.4%) twice as high as “fall without harm” (40.9%) and “moderate pain” (50.0%). The most common potential contributing cause of “fall without harm” was “deficiencies in nursing care, i.e., delayed, erroneous, omitted or incomplete care”. For “deficiencies in medication management” and “moderate pain” the most common contributing cause was “delayed, erroneous, omitted or incomplete treatment”. Of the total number of no-harm incidents, the most common contributing causes were “deficiencies in nursing care, treatment or diagnosis” and “deficiencies in communication, information or collaboration” (Paper V).The conclusion is that patient safety is generally strengthened by the fact that clinical managers and multidisciplinary teams have a common approach to safety built on an internationally and national well-established care ideology, which forms a “dyad” with safe care. In home healthcare, patient safety is formed by the team creating a trustworthy relationship with patients and their families and involving them as partners in their own care. Additionally, the trigger tool and associated manual adapted for home healthcare may be a valid method for identifying cumulative incidence, types, preventability and contributing causes for adverse events and no-harm incidents. Such patient safety knowledge can be used to develop valid process indicators for systemic failures, as well as outcome indicators for structured evaluation and lead to proactive patient safety work in home healthcare.
|
|
| 23. |
- Long, Manhai, et al.
(författare)
-
Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Environmental Health. - 1476-069X. ; 5:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides can cause a series of adverse effects on e.g. reproduction in animals and humans, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of the present study was to compare the integrated serum level of AhR mediated activity among European and Inuit populations, and evaluate whether the activity was associated to the selected POP markers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE). METHODS: The study included 338 males from Greenland (Inuit's), Sweden, Warsaw (Poland) and Kharkiv (Ukraine). The AhR transactivity of serum extracts alone (AhRag) and competitive AhR activity (AhRcomp) upon co-exposure with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were determined in the lipophilic serum fraction containing the POPs using the AhR mediated luciferase reporter Hepa1.12cR cell assay. RESULTS: The European groups showed higher median level of AhR-TEQ (TCDD toxic equivalents) compared to the Inuit's, whereas higher incidence of Inuits sample further induced AhRcomp activity. Neither AhRag nor AhR-TEQ were correlated to CB-153 or p,p'-DDE for any of the study groups. Multiple regressions showed a significant heterogeneity of association between the CB-153 and the AhRcomp across the study groups, and accordingly a negative association between AhRcomp and CB-153 was found for the Kharkiv group. CONCLUSION: No consistent correlation between AhR activities and two POP markers was found. Although the difference of AhRag between European and Inuit men could not be explained by CB-153 or p,p'-DDE levels alone, we believe that the variation of AhR serum activity reflects different pattern of POP exposure, genetics and/or life style factors.
|
|
| 24. |
- Mancini, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Physical properties and transmission spectrum of the WASP-74 planetary system from multiband photometry
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 485:4, s. 5168-5179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present broad-band photometry of 11 planetary transits of the hot Jupiter WASP-74 b, using three medium-class telescopes and employing the telescope-defocusing technique. Most of the transits were monitored through I filters and one was simultaneously observed in five optical (U, g', r', i', z') and three near-infrared (J, H, K) passbands, for a total of 18 light curves. We also obtained new high-resolution spectra of the host star. We used these new data to review the orbital and physical properties of the WASP-74 planetary system. We were able to better constrain the main system characteristics, measuring smaller radius and mass for both the hot Jupiter and its host star than previously reported in the literature. Joining our optical data with those taken with the HST in the near infrared, we built up an observational transmission spectrum of the planet, which suggests the presence of strong optical absorbers, as TiO and VO gases, in its atmosphere.
|
|
| 25. |
- Nilsson, Karin H., et al.
(författare)
-
RSPO3 is important for trabecular bone and fracture risk in mice and humans
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic association signals for fractures have been reported at the RSPO3 locus, but the causal gene and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here, the authors show that RSPO3 exerts an important role for vertebral trabecular bone mass and bone strength in mice and fracture risk in humans. With increasing age of the population, countries across the globe are facing a substantial increase in osteoporotic fractures. Genetic association signals for fractures have been reported at the RSPO3 locus, but the causal gene and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here we show that the fracture reducing allele at the RSPO3 locus associate with increased RSPO3 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels, increased trabecular bone mineral density and reduced risk mainly of distal forearm fractures in humans. We also demonstrate that RSPO3 is expressed in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts and that osteoblast-derived RSPO3 is the principal source of RSPO3 in bone and an important regulator of vertebral trabecular bone mass and bone strength in adult mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that RSPO3 in a cell-autonomous manner increases osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, RSPO3 regulates vertebral trabecular bone mass and bone strength in mice and fracture risk in humans.
|
|
| 26. |
- Nøst, Therese Haugdahl, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased levels of microRNA-320 in blood serum and plasma is associated with imminent and advanced lung cancer
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 17:2, s. 312-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer (LC) incidence is increasing globally and altered levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood may contribute to identification of individuals with LC. We identified miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood at LC diagnosis and evaluated, in pre-diagnostic blood specimens, how long before diagnosis expression changes in such candidate miRNAs could be detected. We identified upregulated candidate miRNAs in plasma specimens from a hospital-based study sample of 128 patients with confirmed LC and 62 individuals with suspected but confirmed negative LC (FalsePos). We then evaluated the expression of candidate miRNAs in pre-diagnostic plasma or serum specimens of 360 future LC cases and 375 matched controls. There were 1663 miRNAs detected in diagnostic specimens, nine of which met our criteria for candidate miRNAs. Higher expression of three candidates, miR-320b, 320c, and 320d, was associated with poor survival, independent of LC stage and subtype. Moreover, miR-320c and miR-320d expression was higher in pre-diagnostic specimens collected within 2 years of LC diagnosis. Our results indicated that elevated levels of miR-320c and miR-320d may be early indications of imminent and advanced LC.
|
|
| 27. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of wind-induced vibrations in high-rise buildings
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 7650-7661
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buildings are getting taller due to increased urbanisation and densification of cities. More advanced construction methods and the desire to construct impressive buildings is also supporting the trend. Due to their inherent slenderness resulting in low eigenfrequencies, these buildings are susceptible to wind-induced vibrations which can be highly disturbing for occupants. Already barely perceivable acceleration levels within the low-frequency range relevant to whole-body vibrations can cause nausea and discomfort, while high acceleration levels can cause alarm and fear amongst the occupants. The paper summarises acceptable acceleration levels in high-rise buildings (here referred to as buildings over 200 m in height) stated in different building codes and previous work on the subject. Accelerations of a high-rise building subjected to wind-loads are evaluated using a full numerical model and one reduced with Ritz-vectors and the results are compared. The paper focusses on wind-load dynamics in early stages of the design process, with an intent to give an indication of the dynamic properties of a building.
|
|
| 28. |
- Rosendahl, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
-
The risk of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer is related to inter-individual variations in chemotherapy-induced leukocyte nadir in young patients : Data from the randomised SBG 2000-1 study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 45:18, s. 3198-3204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study aim: Amenorrhoea is a common side-effect to chemotherapy of premenopausal women. We examine the association between chemotherapy-induced leucopaenia and the development of amenorrhoea in premenopausal women with breast cancer. Materials and methods: in a multi-centre, randomised, controlled study, 1016 premenopausal women received seven series of FEC (F: fluorouracil, E: epirubicin and C: Cyclophosphamide) for early stage breast cancer. In the first series, all patients received standard dose (F: 600 mg/m(2), E: 60 mg/m(2) and C: 600 mg/m(2)). Patients with leukocyte nadir 1.0-1.9 x 10(9)/l continued with standard dose for the remaining six series (STANDARD(REGISTERED), n = 279). Patients with leukocyte nadir >= 2 x 10(9)/l were randomised to standard (STANDARD(RANDOMISED), n = 373) or increased (TAILORED, n = 364) dose of E and C. After each series, leukocyte nadir was evaluated. Absent bleeding after the 5th-7th series of FEC was interpreted as amenorrhoea. Results: The risk of amenorrhoea increased with age. In age-stratified analysis of the STANDARD groups (equal dose, different initial leukocyte nadir) low leukocyte nadir was associated with amenorrhoea for patients in the age-group 25-39 years (P = 0.010). In age-stratified analysis in the randomised groups (different doses, same initial leukocyte nadir) a dose related increased risk of amenorrhoea was found for age-groups 25-39 (RR: 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.24) and 40 44 years (RR:1.21, 95% CI: 1.001-1.47). Conclusion: Age is the most important risk factor of amenorrhoea after FEC chemotherapy. However, for younger patients, lower leukocyte nadir in response to STANDARD FEC treatment or increased doses of C and E were associated with increased risk of amenorrhoea. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 29. |
- Schwartz, Franziska A., et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of a Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis simulation model
- 2022
-
Ingår i: APMIS. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 130:8, s. 515-523
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the inner surface of heart, resulting from minor lesions in the endocardium. The damage induces a healing reaction, which leads to recruitment of fibrin and immune cells. This sterile healing vegetation can be colonized during temporary bacteremia, inducing IE. We have previously established a novel in vitro IE model using a simulated IE vegetation (IEV) model produced from whole venous blood, on which we achieved stable bacterial colonization after 24h. The bacteria were organized in biofilm aggregates and displayed increased tolerance towards antibiotics. In this current study, we aimed at further characterizing the time course of biofilm formation and the impact on antibiotic tolerance development. We found that a S. aureus reference strain, as well as three clinical IE isolates formed biofilms on the IEV after 6h. When treatment was initiated immediately after infection, the antibiotic effect was significantly higher than when treatment was started after the biofilm was allowed to mature. We could follow the biofilm development microscopically by visualizing growing bacterial aggregates on the IEV. The findings indicate that mature, antibiotic-tolerant biofilms can be formed in our model already after 6h, accelerating the screening for optimal treatment strategies for IE.
|
|
| 30. |
- Severinsen, Kaare, et al.
(författare)
-
Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics and oxidative capacity in hemiparetic stroke survivors
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 53:5, s. 748-754
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Skeletal muscle is changed after stroke, but conflicting data exist concerning muscle morphology and oxidative enzyme capacity. Methods: In 36 chronic stroke patients bilateral rectus femoris muscle biopsies were analyzed, and fiber type proportions and cross-sectional areas were determined by ATPase histochemistry. Enzymatic concentrations of citrate synthase (CS) and 3-Hydroxyacyl-coenzymeA-dehydrogenase (HAD) were determined using freeze-dried muscle tissue. Findings were correlated with clinical outcomes. Results: In the paretic muscles the mean fiber area was smaller (P=0.0004), and a lower proportion of type 1 fibers (P=0.0016) and a higher proportion of type 2X fibers (P=0.0002) were observed. The paretic muscle had lower CS (P=0.013) and HAD concentrations (P=0.037). Mean fiber area correlated with muscle strength (r=0.43; P=0.041), and CS concentration correlated with aerobic capacity (r=0.47; P=0.01). Conclusions: In stroke survivors there is a phenotypic shift toward more fatigable muscle fibers with reduced oxidative enzymatic capacity that relates to clinical outcomes. Muscle Nerve53: 748-754, 2016
|
|
| 31. |
- Silventoinen, Karri, et al.
(författare)
-
The CODATwins Project : The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 18:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.
|
|
| 32. |
- Sunnerhagen, Torgny, et al.
(författare)
-
External validation of the HANDOC score–high sensitivity to identify patients with non-beta-haemolytic streptococcal endocarditis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 52:1, s. 54-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Invasive infections with non-beta-haemolytic streptococci (NBHS) is quite common and presents the clinicians with difficulties regarding which patients are at risk for infective endocarditis (IE). The HANDOC score was developed to identify patients with NBHS bacteraemia who are at low risk of IE. This study was conducted to validate HANDOC in an external cohort. Methods: Patients with NBHS in blood cultures between March and September 2016 in a Danish centre were included as part of an on-going study. Patient characteristics were collected to classify bacteria according to Dukés criteria and the components of the HANDOC score were collected retrospectively from the patients’ medical records. Results: 68 patients were included in the cohort, of which 16 fulfilled Dukés criteria for IE. All patients with IE (16 of 16) had a HANDOC score above the predefined cut-off. Cases of IE were found in patients with. Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus anginosus, and Streptococcus sanguinis group streptococci. The HANDOC score thus had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 62% in this cohort. Conclusions: HANDOC has a sensitivity of 100% and a relatively high specificity (62%) also in a prospectively enrolled cohort of patients from another country than its origin. This indicates that HANDOC can be implemented in clinical practice to identify patients with a low risk of IE in whom echocardiography can be omitted.
|
|
| 33. |
- Wejse, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a West African population of tuberculosis patients and unmatched healthy controls
- 2007
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 1938-3207. ; 86:5, s. 1376-1383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known regarding vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in African populations and in tuberculosis (TB) patients. VDD has been shown to be associated with TB. Objective: We aimed to compare the degree of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) and VDD in TB patients and healthy adult controls in a West African population. Design: An unmatched case-control study was performed at a Demographic Surveillance Site in Guinea-Bissau. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 [25(OH)D-3] concentrations were measured in 362 TB patients and in 494 controls. Results: Hypovitammosis D [25(OH)D-3 <= 75 nmol/L] was more common in TB patients, but VDD [25(OH)D-3 <= 50 nmol/L] was more common and more severe in controls. We observed hypovitaminosis D in 467o (167/362) of the TB patients and in 39% (193/494) of the controls: the relative risk (RR) of hypovitaminosis D was 1.18 (95% Cl: 1.01. 1.38). VDD was observed in 8.5% (31/362) of the TB patients and in 13.2% (65/494) of the controls. The RR was 0.65 (95% Cl: 0.43,0.98), mainly because severe VDD [25(OH)D-3 <= 25 nmol/L] was observed in only I of 362 TB patients (0.2%) and in 24 of 494 controls (4.9%). After adjustment for background factors, hypovitaminosis D was not more frequent in TB patients than in healthy controls, but the mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentration remained lower. Conclusions: Hypovitammosis D was highly prevalent in TB patients and in healthy controls living at 12 degrees N; severe VDD was rare in TB patients. The finding indicates that the serum 25(OH)D3 concentration is associated with TB infection, but whether this role is a symptom or is causal was not established.
|
|
| 34. |
- Wejse, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitamin D as Supplementary Treatment for Tuberculosis A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 179:9, s. 843-850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale Vitamin D has been shown to be involved in the host immune response toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objectives: To test whether vitamin D supplementation of patients with tuberculosis (TB) improved clinical outcome and reduced mortality. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, place-bocontrolled trial in TB clinics at a demographic surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau. We included 365 adult patients with TB starting antituberculosis treatment; 281 completed the 12-month follow-up. The intervention was 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol or placebo at inclusion and again 5 and 8 months after the start of treatment. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was reduction in a clinical severity score (TBscore) for all patients with pulmonary TB. The secondary outcome was 12-month mortality. No serious adverse effects were reported; mild hypercalcemia was rare and present in both arms. Reduction in TBscore and sputum smear conversion rates did not differ among patients treated with vitamin D or placebo. Overall mortality was 15% (54 of 365) at I year of follow-up and similar in both arms (30 of 187 for vitamin D treated and 24 of 178 for placebo; relative risk, 1.19 [0.58-1.95]). HIV infection was seen in 36% (131 of 359): 21% (76 of 359) HIV-1, 10% (36 of 359) HIV-2, and 5% (19 of 357) HIV-1+2. Conclusions: Vitamin D does not improve clinical outcome among patients with TB and the trial showed no overall effect on mortality in patients with TB; it is possible that the dose used was insufficient. Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn (ISRCTN35212132).
|
|
| 35. |
- Yokoyama, Yoshie, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation : A pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 47:4, s. 1195-1206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods: Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results: The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions: The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.
|
|
| 36. |
- Ågerstrand, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
-
A call for action : Improve reporting of research studies to increase the scientific basis for regulatory decision-making
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 38:5, s. 783-785
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a call for action to scientific journals to introduce reporting requirements for toxicity and ecotoxicity studies. Such reporting requirements will support the use of peer-reviewed research studies in regulatory decision-making. Moreover, this could improve the reliability and reproducibility of published studies in general and make better use of the resources spent in research.
|
|
| 37. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2023
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
