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| 10. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 12. |
- Abe, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 365:9472, s. 1687-1717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5-year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxombicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modem aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50-69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0 . 0001 for recurrence, 2p<0 . 00001 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than CMF chemotherapy. Few women of age 70 years or older entered these chemotherapy trials. For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age (<50, 50-69, &GE; 70 years), progesterone receptor status, or other tumour characteristics. 5 years is significantly (2p<0 . 00001 for recurrence, 2p=0 . 01 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than just 1-2 years of tamoxifen. For ER-positive tumours, the annual breast cancer mortality rates are similar during years 0-4 and 5-14, as are the proportional reductions in them by 5 years of tamoxifen, so the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis. These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1-2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1-2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age <50 years) and 20% (age 50-69 years) from such chemotherapy were followed by a further reduction of 31% from tamoxifen in the risks that remain, the final mortality reductions would be 57% and 45%, respectively (and, the trial results could well have been somewhat stronger if there had been full compliance with the allocated treatments). Overall survival would be comparably improved, since these treatments have relatively small effects on mortality from the aggregate of all other causes. Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.
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| 14. |
- ANDERSEN, JN, et al.
(författare)
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SURFACE CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS OF INAS(110)
- 1990
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 41:6, s. 3844-3846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- ANDERSEN, JN, et al.
(författare)
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SURFACE RELATED CORE LEVEL SHIFTS FOR THE SI(111)SQUARE-ROOT-3X SQUARE-ROOT-3 - AL SYSTEM
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1071-1023 .- 1520-8567. ; 9:4, s. 2384-2387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Si(111) square-root 3 x square-root 3:Al reconstruction has been studied by surface sensitive high resolution core level spectroscopy. It is shown that three components are needed to fit the Si 2p spectra. The Al2p emission is found to consist of more than one component and it is argued that this is related to defects in the overlayer.
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| 16. |
- ANDERSSON, CBM, et al.
(författare)
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SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF INAS(110)
- 1993
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 47:4, s. 2427-2430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the InAs(I 10) cleavage surface has been studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The bulk band structure has been calculated utilizing the augmented plane-wave method and then the bulk bands have been projected along the lines GAMMA-XBARBAR and GAMMA-YBARBAR of the surface Brillouin zone (SBZ). Three surface-related structures have been found and their initial state versus k parallel-to dispersion along the line GAMMA-XBARBAR and the line GAMMA-YBARBAR of the SBZ has been determined. The structures are identified as A5, A4, and A3 along GAMMA-XBARBAR and as A5, A4, and C2 along GAMMA-YBARBAR.
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- Jaworowski, AJ, et al.
(författare)
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CO dissociation on Mo(110) studied by high-resolution core-level spectroscopy
- 2001
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Ingår i: SURFACE SCIENCE. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0039-6028. ; 492:1-2, s. 185-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the CO/Mo(1 1 0) adsorption system at different sample temperatures by high-resolution core-level spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements. We demonstrate that CO molecules having different tilt angles with r
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| 23. |
- Lundgren, E., et al.
(författare)
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Alkali core level binding energy shifts from buried interfaces between alkali films and metallic substrates with different surface index
- 1995
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - 0042-207X. ; 46:8-10, s. 1159-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Core level binding energy shifts from approximately three layers of different alkali metals deposited on Pd(111), Pd(100), Rh (111), and Rh (110) are presented in order to demonstrate how the packing of the substrate surface affects the layer-resolved alkali core level binding energy shifts. It is found that a more open surface induces a larger alkali core level binding energy shift. It is shown that this behaviour can be explained as a consequence of the higher coordination of the alkali metal atom to the substrate on a more open surface than on a more closed packed surface.
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| 24. |
- Qvarford, M, et al.
(författare)
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Doping dependence of the O 1s is core-level photoemission in bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors
- 1996
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B-CONDENSED MATTER. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0163-1829. ; 53:22, s. 14753-14756
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The O 1s core level of three different Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors has been studied by means of high-resolution x-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The O 1a XPS spectra could be decomposed into three component
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| 27. |
- Wang, HD, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 388:10053, s. 1725-1774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- WIGREN, C, et al.
(författare)
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GROWTH AND EPITAXY OF YB SILICIDES ON SI(111)
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 9:3, s. 1942-1945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yb silicides have been grown epitaxially on the Si(111) surface using solid-state epitaxy with annealing to 400-degrees-C. The amount of deposited Yb was varied from parts of a monolayer to films being about 40 monolayer thick. Auger- and photoelectron spectroscopy showed that Si segregates into the Yb overlayer at room temperature and that a strong reaction occurs during annealing to 400-degrees-C leading to the formation of thick silicides. The epitaxial silicides showed a 1 x 1 or a unroofed-radical 3 x unroofed-radical 3 low-energy electron diffraction pattern depending on the detailed preparation procedure. The composition of the silicide was found to be YbSi2-x.
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