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| 7. |
- Andershed, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving evidence-based social work practice with youths exhibiting conduct problems through structured assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 19:6, s. 887-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key task in evidence-based case management of youth is the assessment of research-based risk and protective factors. In the present study we compare assessments of social workers using a structured assessment instrument with assessments of social workers not using such an instrument. Assessments of the exact same case—a vignette about a 14-year-old boy—conducted by 30 social workers using a structured assessment instrument and 30 social workers not using such an instrument were compared. The 60 assessments were also rated by independent researchers and senior social services managers, blind to whether an instrument had been used in the assessments or not. As hypothesized, using a structured assessment instrument resulted in the identification of a greater number of research-based risk and protective factors, and the assessments were rated as better in terms of general adequacy, quality, accuracy and potential treatment effectiveness, than when an instrument was not used. The present study demonstrates that social workers’ assessments of youth become more evidence-based, adequate and potentially more treatment effective when a structured assessment instrument is used as compared to when it is not.
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| 10. |
- Andershed, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk and protective factors among preschool children : integrating research and practice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work. - : Routledge. - 2376-1407 .- 2376-1415. ; 12:4, s. 412-424
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article the authors present a review of previous reviews and meta-analyses, identifying and summarizing the empirical research base on risk and protective factors for future psychosocial problems-specifically externalizing and internalizing problems-among preschool children. The authors also discuss risk and protective factors in the framework of concepts such as evidence-based practice, risk-focused prevention and treatment, and the Risk, Need, and Responsivity principles. They conclude that there is an extensive amount of research on risk and protective factors for preschool children that could and should be used by well educated professionals to help children to a better life.
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| 13. |
- Andershed, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of cumulative risk and protection for violent offending
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 45, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Risk and protective factors for antisocial behavior have been shown to act in a cumulative manner. The purpose of this article is to examine the predictive power of risk factors and protective indices predicting violent offending.Methods: We used longitudinal data across 25 years to predict violent offenses for 475 males. Cumulative childhood risk factors (age 10), and-cumulative individual, family, peer and school protective factors (ages 13, 15) were analyzed.Results: The likelihood for a conviction for violent offenses showed a fivefold increase with an increase in risk factors from 0 to 3. This increase was markedly reduced when controlling for protective factors. Similarly, controlling for risk factors, the likelihood for a conviction was almost ameliorated, showing a tenfold decrease, with an increase in protective factors from 0 to 10. Interactions between cumulative risk and protective factors were also found. Total number of protective factors significantly decreased the likelihood of violent offenses for those with and without childhood behavioral risk factors, however the decrease was significantly greater for those with no childhood risk factors.Conclusions: Analyses of antisocial behavior should not be restricted to risk factors, but include protective factors, if the purpose is to better tailor interventions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Andershed, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The SOFIA-study : A prospective longitudinal study on social adjustment
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SOFIA-study is a prospective longitudinal study of approximately 2,000 children in a mid-sized Swedish community. SOFIA is the acronym of Social and Physical Development, Interventions and Adaptation in Swedish, and the main focus of the study is on understanding developmen-tal trajectories of norm breaking, criminal behavior, and the risk and pro-tective factors for the various trajectories. The aim is to answer question such as Which risk factors are the most important in the development of norm breaking behavior? What protects children from a negative devel-opment? Which interventions are given to children with difficulties? The study was initiated in 2010 by professors H. Andershed and A-K. Ander-shed, and has since then assessed the participants in four data collection waves, in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015. At base-line, the children were 3-5 years old, attending public preschools in the community. Questionnaires have been completed by caregivers, preschool and elementary school teachers, as well as principals and headmasters. The purpose has been to collect information both on the children – their behaviors and charac-teristics, the families – parent-child relationships, caregiver attributes, as well as preschool/school relationships, environment, and conditions. The papers presented in this panel are examples of papers using data from the SOFIA-study.
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| 15. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Bokens bakgrund, syfte, innehåll och målgrupp
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Ungdomar som begår brott. - Stockholm : Gothia Förlag AB. - 9789172056664 ; , s. 13-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial test of the new risk-need assessment instrument for youths with or at risk for conduct problems : ESTER-assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 488-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESTER-assessment is a new assessment instrument for youths (0-18 years), and includes 19 empirically-derived risk and protective factors for conduct problems. This study tests the inter-rater reliability of the five-point rating scale used to assess the 19 factors in ESTER-assessment on 30 institutionalized girls and their file information. Exact agreement between raters varied from 38 to 72 percent on the 19 individual factors, a result much better than chance. Intra-class correlations of the two independent raters on the majority of the 19 individual factors were fair to good. In conclusion, the results lend support to the inter-rater reliability of ESTER-assessment.
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| 24. |
- Andershed, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Normbrytende atferd hos barn : Hva sier forskningen?
- 2007. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Normbrytende atferd hos barn er internasjonal forskning gjort tilgjengelig for et bredt publikum. Forfatterne gir en oversikt over nordisk praksis, forskningsfeltet forøvrig og de vurderer validiteten i ulike forskningsresultater. Risikofaktorer og beskyttende forhold hos barnet selv, i familien og i det sosiale nettverket påvirker barns atferdsutvikling, og forfatterne har fokuset rettet mot forebygging og behandling av normbrytende atferd hos barn under 12 år.På lengre sikt kan alvorlige atferdsproblemer hos barn og unge føre til misbruk av alkohol og andre rusmidler, depresjon, lovbrudd, ekteskapskonflikter og arbeidsledighet. Kvaliteten i utdanningen av dem som skal jobbe med disse barna må sikres, og denne boken gir både et godt grunnlag for videre studier og forskning, samtidig som den gir et kunnskapsgrunnlag for å forbedre praksis i hjelpetjenester som barneverntjenesten, psykisk helsevern og pp-tjenesten.
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| 25. |
- Andershed, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Om normbrytande beteende bland barn
- 2010
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Ingår i: Projekt Pinocchio. - Stockholm : Sveriges kommuner och landsting. ; , s. 23-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic personality works better than CU traits for predicting fearlessness and ADHD symptoms in children with conduct problems
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children with early-onset conduct problems (CP) are at great risk for future behavior problems, and this risk seems to increase when CP co-occur with psychopathic traits. Even though studies are indicating that the entire psychopathic personality construct may be more useful in designating a meaningful subgroup of children with CP, research on psychopathic traits and CP in childhood have mainly focused on the role of callous unemo-tional (CU) traits. Prospective longitudinal data of 1,867 3- to 5-year-olds (47% girls) followed annually for two years was used to compare groups of children with different combinations of CP and psychopathic traits on fearlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symp-toms. Children with CP and psychopathic personality had higher baseline and stable levels of fearlessness and ADHD symptoms than children with CP only or children with CP and concurrent CU traits. They were also more likely to display stable levels of the very risky combination of CP and ADHD symptoms. Results were similar for boys and girls. Findings indicate that there are reasons to consider other traits and behaviors as specifiers for subgroups of children with CP over and above CU traits, in order to optimize both diagnostic practice and treatment outcomes.
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| 29. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-need assessment for youth with or at risk for conduct problems : introducing the assessment system ESTER
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces ESTER, a research based and computerized risk-need assessment system for youths (0-18 years) with or at risk for conduct problems. The ESTER-system includes a screening tool/questionnaire (ESTER-screening) and a professional structured risk-need assessment instrument (ESTER-assessment). This article briefly presents the background and purpose of ESTER, and the risk and protective factors assessed. It also illustrates how the computerized system effectively helps in presenting results of single as well as repeated assessments, assisting the practitioner in tailoring suitable interventions.
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| 34. |
- Bergman, Lars R., et al.
(författare)
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Individual development and adaptation (IDA) : A life-span longitudinal program suited for person-oriented research
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - : The Scandinavian Society for Person-Oriented Research (SPOR). - 2002-0244 .- 2003-0177. ; 4:2, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we give a presentation of the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA) that can be helpful as a template for researchers considering to launch their own longitudinal studies, and that opens the door to IDA for researchers looking for suitable data to be analyzed within their own project or in collaboration with IDA. We also introduce the holistic-interactionistic theoretical framework of IDA and the associated person-oriented approach – an approach that is especially suited for analyzing the rich IDA data set with its broad coverage of different areas of adjustment and related factors. The paper provides an overview of the essential features of the IDA database, as well as of ongoing and planned IDA research
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| 35. |
- Bergman, Lars R., et al.
(författare)
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Types and continua in developmental psychopathology : problem behaviors in school and their relationship to later antisocial behavior
- 2009
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 21:3, s. 975-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study of developmental psychopathology a dimensional, variable-oriented approach dominates over a typological approach. With the person-oriented research paradigm providing the metatheoretical framework, pros and cons of these two approaches are discussed, and it is pointed to different methodological realizations of the typological approach, and to the contexts where they might be appropriate. It is also pointed out that the two important and underused concepts of equifinality and multifinality with advantage can be incorporated in a person-oriented approach. An empirical example is given of the study of the structure of early adolescent problem behaviors and their relationship to later criminality where dimensional as well as typological analyses are carried out. The usefulness of the typological approach in studying the development and early manifestations of the personality disorder psychopathy is also discussed. It is concluded that the usefulness of a typological approach appears to be underestimated.
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| 36. |
- Bergstrøm, Henriette, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic traits during early childhood : Stable over time or rapidly changing?
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although research has shown psychopathic traits to be moderately to highly stable in late childhood and adolescence, little is known about stability in early childhood, specifically in preschool age. The current study was designed to fill this knowledge gap by assessing stability of psychopathic traits in a large community sample (n = 2,121) of three- to five-year-olds (47% girls) across a two-year time span. The sample displayed stable levels of Grandiose-Deceitful (GD), Callous-Unemotional (CU) and Impulsivity, Need for Stimulation (INS) traits. However, the degree of stability varieda cross these three traits dimensions, and by level of analysis, age, and gender. Rank-order stability ranged from low to very high, but effect sizes indicated less stability than on the mean level, where changes were detected but with small effect sizes, thus demonstrating high stability. This trend emerged for both genders, across development, and age. At an individual level, the great majority of the sample displayed stable levels of psychopathic traits to a large extent, with small gender and age differences. The current study is one of the first that investigates stability in children as young as three years old, and it highlights the possibility of measuring psychopathic traits in early childhood.
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| 38. |
- Cater, Åsa K., 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Victimized as a child or youth : To whom is victimization reported and from whom do victims receive professional support?
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 22:2, s. 179-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being victimized as a child or youth increases the risk of emotional and behavioural problems, and may call for a report to authorities and professional support. This study investigates how often young adult males and females in a randomly selected general population in Sweden (n=2,500) reported different types of victimization as a child or youth and to whom, from whom they received professional support, whether it was more common to receive professional support among those victimized multiple times by different types of crime, and whether there was a connection between report and support. Analyses reveal that the participants more often responded that they had not reported their victimization, than that they had reported it. For those who had, the police was the most common institution to which the victimization was reported. It was significantly more common for victimized females to both report and receive professional support than for males. There was a trend towards a greater likelihood of receiving professional support after higher levels of victimization. In all however, of those whose victimization had been reported to the authorities, only 22.4% had received professional support to deal with their experiences of victimization. We conclude that the relatively low prevalence of reporting victimization and receiving support documented in this study calls for reflection upon how well society meets the needs of victims.
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| 39. |
- Cater, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth victimization in Sweden : prevalence, characteristics and relation to mental health and behavioral problems in young adulthood
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 38:8, s. 1290-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines multiple types of victimization simultaneously, their preva-lence and characteristics in childhood and adolescence, and it examines the associationsbetween victimization and poly-victimization on the one hand and single and multiplemental health and behavioral problems on the other. The sample consisted of 2,500 Swedishyoung adults (20–24 years) who provided detailed report of multiple types of lifetime vic-timization and current health and behaviors via an interview and a questionnaire. Resultsshowed that it was more common to be victimized in adolescence than in childhood andmore common to be victimized repeatedly rather than a single time, among both malesand females. Males and females were victimized in noticeably different ways and par-tially at different places and by different perpetrators. With regard to mental health andbehavioral problems, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, and criminality were clearlyoverrepresented among both males and females who had experienced any type of victim-ization. Poly-victimization was related to single and multiple mental health and behavioralproblems among both males and females. We conclude that professionals need to conductthorough evaluations of victimization when completing mental health assessments amongtroubled youths, and that youth might benefit from the development of interventions forpoly-victimized youth.
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| 40. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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A New Measure to Assess Psychopathic Personality in Children : The Child Problematic Traits Inventory
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 36:1, s. 4-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the development of psychopathic personality from childhood to adulthood is crucial for understanding the development and stability of severe and long-lasting conduct problems and criminal behavior. This paper describes the development of a new teacher rated instrument to assess psychopathic personality from age three to 12, the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). The reliability and validity of the CPTI was tested in a Swedish general population sample of 2,056 3- to 5-year-olds (mean age = 3.86; SD = .86; 53 % boys). The CPTI items loaded distinctively on three theoretically proposed factors: a Grandiose-Deceitful Factor, a Callous-Unemotional factor, and an Impulsive-Need for Stimulation factor. The three CPTI factors showed reliability in internal consistency and external validity, in terms of expected correlations with theoretically relevant constructs (e.g., fearlessness). The interaction between the three CPTI factors was a stronger predictor of concurrent conduct problems than any of the three individual CPTI factors, showing that it is important to assess all three factors of the psychopathic personality construct in early childhood. In conclusion, the CPTI seems to reliably and validly assess a constellation of traits that is similar to psychopathic personality as manifested in adolescence and adulthood.
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| 41. |
- Colins, Olivier F., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic Traits in Early Childhood : Further Validation of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Assessment (Odessa, Fla.). - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 24:5, s. 602-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to further test the reliability and validity of a newly developed instrument designed to assess psychopathic personality traits in children, the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). Data from the Preschool Twin Study in Sweden were used, a national general population study of 5-year-old twins (n = 1,188, 50.3% girls). Both preschool teachers and parents were used as informants. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the intended three-factorial structure of the 28 items of the CPTI. Overall, our findings demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent validity, with all the teacher-rated CPTI scores being associated with teacher and parent ratings of externalizing psychopathology, aggressive behavior, fearlessness, and prosocial peer involvement. In conclusion, the CPTI hold promise as a teacher-rated tool for assessing psychopathic traits in childhood, though more research is needed to see if these findings can be generalized to other countries, settings, and older children.
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| 42. |
- Corovic, Jelena, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Criminal pathways : key findings from the Swedish IDA-program concerning early predictors and adulthood adjustment outcomes
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current talk, a chapter from a 2014 upcoming European Hand-book of Criminal Careers and Life-course Criminology will be present-ed. The chapter is a summary of the key findings concerning criminality from a Swedish large scale prospective longitudinal research program: the IDA-program (Individual Development and Adaptation; previously named The Örebro Project). It is an ongoing longitudinal research program in which individuals have been followed from 1965, when they were at the age of 10, in a mid-sized Swedish municipality. Crime has been assessed from childhood to adulthood primarily by using official registers. The program has been listed as a key longitudinal criminological study and has thus far contributed with many original research studies on both the description and explanation of the development of criminal behavior. In this chapter, the focus is on the nature and prevalence of crime, stability of criminal behavior over developmental age-spans, early individual and social school age risk factors predicting registered criminality in general (through age 35), and criminal pathways more specifically, and the type of adulthood maladjustments associated with the different criminal path-ways, among both males and females. Results will be presented in relation to the theoretical assumptions of Moffitt’s life-course theory and Thorn-berry and Krohn’s Interactional theory. Several studies from the IDA-pro-gram are unique and have often been cited because of the holistic-inter-actionistic theoretical perspective on crime and the novel person-oriented methodological approaches to study crime, and not the least because both males and females are studied
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Dobrosavljevic, Maja, 1986-
(författare)
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Beyond the Young Age : Investigation of the Prevalence of ADHD in Older Adults and the Risk of Age-related Disorders
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairing levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD, which typically emerge in childhood, may persist until older age with a substantial adverse impact on health and functionality. Yet there is a notable knowledge gap in research on ADHD in older age and the potential associations of adult ADHD with disorders that are common in older age (i.e., age-related disorders). Thus, this thesis aimed to investigate the prevalence rates of ADHD in older age and whether ADHD in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of age-related disorders. Study I, a systematic review and meta-analysis, suggests that a considerable number of older adults report elevated levels of ADHD symptoms, while the prevalence of treated ADHD is less than half of the prevalence of clinically diagnosed ADHD. In Studies II, III, and IV, we used data from Swedish population registers. We found that ADHD is associated with an increased risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (Study II), which substantially attenuates after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity. Further, ADHD symptoms in adulthood are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cardiometabolic disorders (Study III). The associations attenuate after controlling for educational attainment, psychiatric comorbidity, and lifestyle factors, and they are confounded by genetic factors. Finally, the prediction of cardiovascular risk in adults initiating pharmacological treatment for ADHD may improve by considering novel risk factors (i.e., psychiatric comorbidity and use of other psychotropic medications) in addition to traditional predictors (Study IV). Overall, the findings indicate that a substantial number of older adults have increased levels of ADHD symptoms and that ADHD in adults is associated with an increased risk of age-related disorders. Further longitudinal studies, based on both community samples and epidemiological data, are needed to explore the risk of age-related disorders in ADHD, and the underlying mechanisms, until a more advanced older age.
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| 45. |
- Dobrosavljevic, Maja, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment : a population-based register study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk for dementia, but studies are scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between ADHD, and dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, we aimed to investigate the impact of comorbid conditions, educational attainment, head injuries, other developmental disorders, and sex on the association.Methods: The study population consisted of 3,591,689 individuals born between 1932 and 1963, identified from Swedish population-based registers. Cases of ADHD, dementia and MCI were defined according to ICD diagnostic codes and ATC codes for medication prescriptions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the associations between ADHD, and dementia and MCI.Results: Individuals with ADHD had an increased risk for dementia and MCI. After adjusting for sex and birth year, a hazard ratio (HR) was 2.92 (95% confidence interval 2.40-3.57) for dementia, and 6.21 (5.25-7.35) for MCI. Additional adjustment for psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and bipolar disorder) substantially attenuated the associations, HR = 1.62 (1.32-1.98) for dementia, and 2.54 (2.14-3.01) for MCI. Common metabolic disorders (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), sleep disorders, head injuries, educational attainment, and other developmental disorders, had a limited impact on the association. The association between ADHD and dementia was stronger in men.Conclusions: ADHD is a potential risk factor for dementia and MCI, although the risk significantly attenuates after controlling for psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms of the associations.
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| 46. |
- Dobrosavljevic, Maja, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 118, s. 282-289
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a significant knowledge gap in research on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in older adults. Via a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD in older adults, considering different assessment methods. We searched five electronic databases up to June 26, 2020. We identified 20 relevant studies with 32 datasets providing a total sample size of 20,999,871 individuals (41,420 individuals with ADHD). The pooled prevalence estimates differed significantly across assessment methods: 2.18 % (95 % CI = 1.51, 3.16) based on research diagnosis via validated scales, 0.23 % (0.12, 0.43) relying on clinical ADHD diagnosis, and 0.09 % (0.06, 0.15) based on ADHD treatment rates. Heterogeneity was significant across studies for all assessment methods. There is a considerable number of older adults with elevated levels of ADHD symptoms as determined via validated scales, and the prevalence of treated ADHD is less than half of the prevalence of clinically diagnosed ADHD. This highlights the need for increased awareness of ADHD clinical diagnosis and treatment in older adults.
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| 47. |
- Doyle, Maria, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of safety in the presence of the police, security guards and police volunteers
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 22:1, s. 19-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uniformed presence is commonly thought to create feelings of safety in people.However, do differently uniformed people contribute to an equal amount of safety and arethere situation-dependent differences? The present study examined the association betweenvarious types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaireamong 352 respondents (18–86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained picturesof situations perceived as relatively safe and unsafe with or without uniformed presence. Therespondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with nouniformed presence, two police officers, six police officers, a police vehicle, two securityguards, or two police volunteers. Results showed that uniformed presence did not increasefeelings of safety in a situation perceived as relatively safe, making patrol unnecessary. Insituations perceived as relatively unsafe however, all types of uniformed presence increasedfeelings of safety. Foot patrolling police contributed to the greatest increase in feelings ofsafety. Security guards and police volunteers created similar amounts of feelings of safetymaking police volunteers a cost-effective alternative. All types of foot patrol were better thanvehicle patrol, making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol. Some situational,gender, and age differences were found.
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| 48. |
- Drislane, Laura E., et al.
(författare)
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A triarchic model analysis of the youth psychopathic traits inventory
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Personality Disorders. - : Guilford Publications. - 0885-579X .- 1943-2763. ; 29:1, s. 15-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Triarchic model of psychopathy characterizes this complex condition in terms of distinct phenotypic constructs of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The current study evaluated the coverage of these constructs provided by a well-established inventory for assessing psychopathy in adolescents, the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). A consensus rating approach was used to identify YPI items relevant to each Triarchic model construct, and convergent and discriminant validity of the resulting YPI-Triarchic scales were examined in relation to criterion measures consisting of scores on other psychopathy measures and relevant personality trait variables (N = 618, M age = 18.8). The YPI-Triarchic scales showed good internal consistency and exhibited properties largely consistent with predictions based on the Triarchic model, aside from somewhat greater than expected covariance between boldness and other facet scales. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for interpreting scores on the YPI and for investigating distinctive components of psychopathy in youth.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Ida, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperamental and personality dimensions associated with stability and change of conduct problems and CU traits during childhood
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with early onset conduct problems are at risk for long lasting psychosocial problems, which is especially true for children who also dis-play Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits. Very few studies have investigated the co-development of conduct problems and CU traits across time and none have done so in preschool years. In this study, we examined joint tra-jectories/groups of conduct problems and CU traits and examine whether temperamental and personality dimensions are associated with stability and change of co-occurring conduct problems and CU traits during early childhood. A longitudinal data base (the SOFIA study) was used in which children (n = 2121) were followed longitudinally at ages 3–5 years, 4–6 years, and 5–7 years. The Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) was used as the measure of psychopathic traits. Results suggested that children exhibiting high conduct problems and CU traits over time were charac-terized by deviations in temperament (fearlessness and low levels of easy temperament) and psychopathic personality dimensions. Children with decreasing or increasing conduct problems and CU traits were character-ized by marked decreases and increases respectively on temperamental and personality dimensions. In contrast, children with high conduct problems but low CU traits over time were characterized by less deviation on tem-peramental and personality dimensions compared to all other groups of children except the children with low conduct problems and low CU traits. In conclusion, specific temperamental and personality dimensions seem to be closely associated with stability and change of conduct problems and CU traits during the preschool years. Temperamental and personali-ty dimensions associated with the development of conduct problems and CU traits are changeable over time and may constitute key dimensions in preventive efforts.
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