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- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Abe, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 365:9472, s. 1687-1717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5-year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxombicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modem aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50-69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0 . 0001 for recurrence, 2p<0 . 00001 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than CMF chemotherapy. Few women of age 70 years or older entered these chemotherapy trials. For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age (<50, 50-69, &GE; 70 years), progesterone receptor status, or other tumour characteristics. 5 years is significantly (2p<0 . 00001 for recurrence, 2p=0 . 01 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than just 1-2 years of tamoxifen. For ER-positive tumours, the annual breast cancer mortality rates are similar during years 0-4 and 5-14, as are the proportional reductions in them by 5 years of tamoxifen, so the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis. These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1-2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1-2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age <50 years) and 20% (age 50-69 years) from such chemotherapy were followed by a further reduction of 31% from tamoxifen in the risks that remain, the final mortality reductions would be 57% and 45%, respectively (and, the trial results could well have been somewhat stronger if there had been full compliance with the allocated treatments). Overall survival would be comparably improved, since these treatments have relatively small effects on mortality from the aggregate of all other causes. Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.
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- Anderson, GC, et al.
(författare)
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TMD Pain, Physical, and Emotional Functioning Related to Headache Frequency
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Temporormandibular disorders (TMD) and tension-type headaches (TTHA) share many signs and symptom and several studies have demonstrated an overlap between these conditions. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of headache frequency with patient-reported TMD pain intensity, physical functioning, and emotional functioning in subjects with TTHA attributed to TMD. Methods: The RDC/TMD Validation Project, as a subset of 633 TMD cases, identified 153 subjects with concurrent TMD pain diagnoses (RDC/TMD myofascial pain or TMJ arthralgia) and TTHA (International Classification of Headache Disorders-II / ICHD-II) presenting in the temporal region. These subjects also demonstrated pain similar to their headache on provocation by palpation of the temporalis muscle. The headache diagnoses were sub-divided into infrequent episodic, frequent episodic, and chronic TTHA according to the ICHD-II. Outcomes of the study were self-report measures of jaw pain intensity (average pain intensity), physical functioning (Jaw Function Limitation Scale/JFLS, Ohrbach et al, 2008; Graded Chronic Pain Scale/GCPS, von Korff et al, 1992; Short Form -12/SF-12, Ware et al, 1996) and emotional functioning (depression, somatization, anxiety as measured by the Symptom Checklist-90/SCL-90). Differences in outcomes among the three headache subgroups were investigated using ANOVA. Results: Pain intensity in the temple and jaw regions was significantly associated with increased frequency of headache (p<0.01). Physical functioning as assessed with the JFLS (p<0.05) and the GCPS (p<0.01) were also significantly associated with headache frequency. Emotional functioning as assessed with the SCL-90 in terms of depression, somatization, and anxiety were all associated with frequency of headache (p<0.05). In general, the more frequent a subject's TTHA the more severe the levels of outcome. Conclusion: TMD pain intensity, physical functioning, and emotional functioning were associated with the frequency of TMD-related tension-type headache.
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- Kupers, LK, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1893-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birthweight is associated with health outcomes across the life course, DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. In this meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we find that DNA methylation in neonatal blood is associated with birthweight at 914 sites, with a difference in birthweight ranging from −183 to 178 grams per 10% increase in methylation (PBonferroni < 1.06 x 10−7). In additional analyses in 7,278 participants, <1.3% of birthweight-associated differential methylation is also observed in childhood and adolescence, but not adulthood. Birthweight-related CpGs overlap with some Bonferroni-significant CpGs that were previously reported to be related to maternal smoking (55/914, p = 6.12 x 10−74) and BMI in pregnancy (3/914, p = 1.13x10−3), but not with those related to folate levels in pregnancy. Whether the associations that we observe are causal or explained by confounding or fetal growth influencing DNA methylation (i.e. reverse causality) requires further research.
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| 18. |
- List, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of clinical signs in patients with episodic and chronic tension-type headache attributed to temporomandibular disorders. Preliminary results
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study assessed (1) the sensitivity at trigeminal and non-trigeminal site in TMD patients with episodic (ETTH) and chronic tension type headache (CTTH) compared with healthy controls and (2) the relationship between familiar headache in the temples and provocation tests of the masticatory system in TMD patients with ETTH and CTTH. Materials and Methods: 153 TMD pain subjects and 84 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criterion for the TMD subjects was a RDC/TMD pain diagnosis (group I and III) and ETTH or CTTH diagnosed according to IHS criteria. Assessment variables were mandibular range of motion, masticatory muscle and TMJ tenderness, referred pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and provocation tests of the jaw. Results: PPT differed significantly between controls and TMD (ETTH and CTTH) patients at trigeminal and non-trigeminal sites (p < 0.001). Number of painful muscle sites increased significantly with headache frequency (p < 0.001). CTTH patients had significantly more sites with referred pain in the temples than ETTH patients (p < 0.03). Overall, 31% of ETTH and 57% of CTTH patients reported familiar headache in one or more of the provocation tests. Conclusion: TMD patients with ETTH and CTTH had increased sensitivity at trigeminal and non-trigeminal sites and more muscle tenderness compared with controls, which suggests involvement of peripheral and central sensitization. Overall, one-third of ETTH and over half of CTTH patients exhibited a causal temporal relationship with familiar headache in the temples following provocation tests.
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| 21. |
- Murray, AJ, et al.
(författare)
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Uncoupling proteins in human heart
- 2004
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Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - 1474-547X. ; 364:9447, s. 1786-1788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Peck, CC, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the taxonomy of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 41:1, s. 2-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need to expand the current temporomandibular disorders' (TMDs) classification to include less common but clinically important disorders. The immediate aim was to develop a consensus-based classification system and associated diagnostic criteria that have clinical and research utility for less common TMDs. The long-term aim was to establish a foundation, vis-à-vis this classification system, that will stimulate data collection, validity testing and further criteria refinement. A working group [members of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), members of the Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group (SIG) of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), and members from other professional societies] reviewed disorders for inclusion based on clinical significance, the availability of plausible diagnostic criteria and the ability to operationalise and study the criteria. The disorders were derived from the literature when possible and based on expert opinion as necessary. The expanded TMDs taxonomy was presented for feedback at international meetings. Of 56 disorders considered, 37 were included in the expanded taxonomy and were placed into the following four categories: temporomandibular joint disorders, masticatory muscle disorders, headache disorders and disorders affecting associated structures. Those excluded were extremely uncommon, lacking operationalised diagnostic criteria, not clearly related to TMDs, or not sufficiently distinct from disorders already included within the taxonomy. The expanded TMDs taxonomy offers an integrated approach to clinical diagnosis and provides a framework for further research to operationalise and test the proposed taxonomy and diagnostic criteria
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