| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Organoid technology for personalized pancreatic cancer therapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cellular Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-3428 .- 2211-3436. ; 44:2, s. 251-260
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has the lowest survival rate among all major cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The stagnant survival statistics and dismal response rates to current therapeutics highlight the need for more efficient preclinical models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) offer new possibilities as powerful preclinical models able to account for interpatient variability. Organoid development can be divided into four different key phases: establishment, propagation, drug screening and response prediction. Establishment entails tailored tissue extraction and growth protocols, propagation requires consistent multiplication and passaging, while drug screening and response prediction will benefit from shorter and more precise assays, and clear decision-making tools. Conclusions: This review attempts to outline the most important challenges that remain in exploiting organoid platforms for drug discovery and clinical applications. Some of these challenges may be overcome by novel methods that are under investigation, such as 3D bioprinting systems, microfluidic systems, optical metabolic imaging and liquid handling robotics. We also propose an optimized organoid workflow inspired by all technical solutions we have presented.
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| 2. |
- Hasse, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of the Homodimeric Glycine Decarboxylase P-protein from Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 Suggests a Mechanism for Redox Regulation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 288:49, s. 35333-35345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycine decarboxylase, or P-protein, is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme in one-carbon metabolism of all organisms, in the glycine and serine catabolism of vertebrates, and in the photorespiratory pathway of oxygenic phototrophs. P-protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is an (2) homodimer with high homology to eukaryotic P-proteins. The crystal structure of the apoenzyme shows the C terminus locked in a closed conformation by a disulfide bond between Cys(972) in the C terminus and Cys(353) located in the active site. The presence of the disulfide bridge isolates the active site from solvent and hinders the binding of PLP and glycine in the active site. Variants produced by substitution of Cys(972) and Cys(353) by Ser using site-directed mutagenesis have distinctly lower specific activities, supporting the crucial role of these highly conserved redox-sensitive amino acid residues for P-protein activity. Reduction of the 353-972 disulfide releases the C terminus and allows access to the active site. PLP and the substrate glycine bind in the active site of this reduced enzyme and appear to cause further conformational changes involving a flexible surface loop. The observation of the disulfide bond that acts to stabilize the closed form suggests a molecular mechanism for the redox-dependent activation of glycine decarboxylase observed earlier.
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| 3. |
- Horst, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Compound-specific bromine isotope analysis of methyl bromide using gas chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma multiple-collector mass spectrometry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 0951-4198 .- 1097-0231. ; 25:17, s. 2425-2432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methyl bromide is the most important natural bromine contributor to stratospheric ozone depletion, yet there are still large uncertainties regarding quantification of its sources and sinks. The stable bromine isotope composition of CH(3)Br is potentially a powerful tool to apportion its sources and to study both its transport and its reactive fate. A novel compound-specific method to measure (81)Br/(79)Br isotope ratios in CH3Br using gas chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma multiple-collector mass spectrometry (GC/MCICPMS) was developed. Sample amounts of >40 ng could bemeasured with a precision of 0.1 parts per thousand (1 sigma, n=3). The method results are reproducible over the long term as shown with 36 analyses acquired over 3 months, yielding a standard deviation ( 1s) better than 0.4 parts per thousand. This new method demonstrates for the first time Br isotope ratio determination in gaseous brominated samples. It is three orders of magnitude more sensitive than previously existing isotope ratio mass spectrometry methods for Br isotope determination of other organobromines, thus allowing applications towards ambient atmospheric samples.
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| 4. |
- Alffram, Per-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Implantation of the Femoral Stem into a Bed of Titanium Granules Using Vibration: A pilot study of a new method for prosthetic fixation in 5 patients followed for up to 15 years
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Uppsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 112:2, s. 183-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes a new method for the fixation of titanium hip stem prostheses based on interdigitation of irregularly shaped porous titanium granules onto bone tissue. The granules were distributed into the prepared femoral cavity using a vibrating tool, and the stem was vibrated and tapped into the bed of granules. In this pilot study, 5 patients were followed between 9 and 15 years. The clinical results were excellent and the prostheses remained stable. Autopsy (one specimen) and computer tomography (three patients) show that the granules become incorporated by bone ingrowth.
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| 5. |
- Anderberg, Rozita H, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with RNase alleviates brain injury but not neuroinflammation in neonatal hypoxia/ischemia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 102:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for new treatments to reduce brain injuries derived from neonatal hypoxia/ischemia. The only viable option used in the clinic today in infants born at term is therapeutic hypothermia, which has a limited efficacy. Treatments with exogenous RNase have shown great promise in a range of different adult animal models including stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, or experimental heart transplantation, often by conferring vascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, any neuroprotective function of RNase treatment in the neonate remains unknown. Using a well-established model of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, we evaluated the influence of RNase treatment on RNase activity, gray and white matter tissue loss, blood-brain barrier function, as well as levels and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the brain up to 6 h after the injury using multiplex immunoassay and RT-PCR. Intraperitoneal treatment with RNase increased RNase activity in both plasma and cerebropinal fluids. The RNase treatment resulted in a reduction of brain tissue loss but did not affect the blood-brain barrier function and had only a minor modulatory effect on the inflammatory response. It is concluded that RNase treatment may be promising as a neuroprotective regimen, whereas the mechanistic effects of this treatment appear to be different in the neonate compared to the adult and need further investigation.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-
(författare)
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A Hero for the Atomic Age : Thor Heyerdahl and the Kon-Tiki Expedition
- 2010
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- In English and many other languages the name «Kon-Tiki» is a byword for adventure and the exotic. The journey of the Kon-Tiki from Peru to Polynesia in 1947 became one of the founding myths of the postwar world. In the voyage of six Scandinavians and a parrot on a balsa raft across the Pacific Ocean the classic journey of discovery was re-invented for generations to come. Kon-Tiki spoke of heroism, masculinity, free-spirited rebellion against scientific dogmatism, and the promise of an attainable exotic world, while it updated these mythological staples to fit the times. After years of relentless media exploitation of the 101-day raft journey, Heyerdahl emerged as the protagonist in a legend that helped to create a new postwar West. A Hero for the Atomic Age tells the story of how Heyerdahl organized an expedition to sail a balsa raft from Callao in Peru to the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia, and explains how he turned this physical crossing into an epic narrative that became imbued with a universal appeal. The book also addresses the problematic nature of Heyerdahl’s theory that a white culture-bearing race had initiated all the world’s great civilizations.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-
(författare)
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Absolut farmakon : Kärnavfall och evighet som tanke och konst
- 2019. - 400
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det använda kärnbränslet kommer att vara giftigt i 100 000 år en evighet med mänskliga mått mätt. Samtidigt står planeten inför flera andra spektakulära effekter av mo dernitetens självskadebeteenden. Kärnvapenkrigets ome delbara utplåning har återetablerats som ett hot och klimat krisen har blivit en ny suicidal horisont i närtid. Men är vårt värsta gift kanske också vårt största hopp? Något måste göras med det som återstår efter att dagens kulturer för svunnit. Konstruktionen av slutförvar för kärnavfallet ger möjligheter till att anamma en extrem långsiktighet. Den ger oss kanske en chans att ånyo ställa tanken och konsten inför evigheten. Absolut farmakon exponerar en bild av vår egen tid i ljuset av kärnavfallet och kärnvapenkriget. Ämnen som det messianska, omsorgsetiken, det moderliga tänkandet och klimatkrisen behandlas genom läsningar av Jacques Derrida, Bernard Stiegler, Carol Gilligan, Sara Ruddick, James Acord, Lina Selander och Mierle Laderman Ukeles.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Axel
(författare)
-
An Analytical Neighborhood Enrichment Score for Spatial Omics
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The neighborhood enrichment test is commonly used to quantify spatial enrichment or depletion between spatial points with categorical labels — a data type frequently occurring in spatial omics. Traditionally, it is performed via permutation-based Monte Carlo methods, which can be computationally expensive. This study presents an analytical solution to the neighborhood enrichment problem. This direct calculation strongly correlated with traditional tests, offering substantially faster processing times across eight spatial omics datasets. Further validation on an extensive Xenium dataset highlighted the method’s ability to rapidly analyze large-scale data, making it a valuable tool for advancing spatial omics research. The implementation is publicly available.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-
(författare)
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Atlantvärlden : En historia om när Nordamerika erövrades, Europa upptäcktes och en ny värld uppstod däremellan
- 2018. - -
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När nordamerikanska urbefolkningar upptäcker Europa via européernas koloniala sjövägar, träder en ny värld fram. Axel Andersson skildrar den norra Atlantvärlden genom att följa sändebud och fångar från de nord ameri kanska urbefolkningarna såväl som europeiska kolonisa törer. Tjugoen Atlantkorsningar och sex livsöden illustrerar världarnas möten under perioden mellan femton- och sextonhundratalens början, innan etablerandet av beständiga europeiska bosättningar. Tjugosju nedslag i migrationens och kolonialismens historia som fortsätter att hemsöka de båda världs delarnas självbilder.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Cell Segmentation of in situ Transcriptomics Data using Signed Graph Partitioning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031427947 - 9783031427954 ; , s. 139-148
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The locations of different mRNA molecules can be revealed by multiplexed in situ RNA detection. By assigning detected mRNA molecules to individual cells, it is possible to identify many different cell types in parallel. This in turn enables investigation of the spatial cellular architecture in tissue, which is crucial for furthering our understanding of biological processes and diseases. However, cell typing typically depends on the segmentation of cell nuclei, which is often done based on images of a DNA stain, such as DAPI. Limiting cell definition to a nuclear stain makes it fundamentally difficult to determine accurate cell borders, and thereby also difficult to assign mRNA molecules to the correct cell. As such, we have developed a computational tool that segments cells solely based on the local composition of mRNA molecules. First, a small neural network is trained to compute attractive and repulsive edges between pairs of mRNA molecules. The signed graph is then partitioned by a mutex watershed into components corresponding to different cells. We evaluated our method on two publicly available datasets and compared it against the current state-of-the-art and older baselines. We conclude that combining neural networks with combinatorial optimization is a promising approach for cell segmentation of in situ transcriptomics data. The tool is open-source and publicly available for use at https://github.com/wahlby-lab/IS3G.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Axel
(författare)
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Computational Methods for Image-Based Spatial Transcriptomics
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why does cancer develop, spread, grow, and lead to mortality? To answer these questions, one must study the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms — cells. Like a well-calibrated manufacturing unit, cells follow precise instructions by gene expression to initiate the synthesis of proteins, the workforces that drive all living biochemical processes.Recently, researchers have developed techniques for imaging the expression of hundreds of unique genes within tissue samples. This information is extremely valuable for understanding the cellular activities behind cancer-related diseases. These methods, collectively known as image-based spatial transcriptomics (IST) techniques, use fluorescence microscopy to combinatorically label mRNA species (corresponding to expressed genes) in tissue samples. Here, automatic image analysis is required to locate fluorescence signals and decode the combinatorial code. This process results in large quantities of points, marking the location of expressed genes. These new data formats pose several challenges regarding visualization and automated analysis.This thesis presents several computational methods and applications related to data generated from IST methods. Key contributions include: (i) A decoding method that jointly optimizes the detection and decoding of signals, particularly beneficial in scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratios or densely packed signals; (ii) a computational method for automatically delineating regions with similar gene compositions — efficient, interactive, and scalable for exploring patterns across different scales; (iii) a software enabling interactive visualization of millions of gene markers atop Terapixel-sized images (TissUUmaps); (iv) a tool utilizing signed-graph partitioning for the automatic identification of cells, independent of the complementary nuclear stain; (v) A fast and analytical expression for a score that quantifies co-localization between spatial points (such as located genes); (vi) a demonstration that gene expression markers can train deep-learning models to classify tissue morphology.In the final contribution (vii), an IST technique features in a clinical study to spatially map the molecular diversity within tumors from patients with colorectal liver metastases, specifically those exhibiting a desmoplastic growth pattern. The study unveils novel molecular patterns characterizing cellular diversity in the transitional region between healthy liver tissue and the tumor. While a direct answer to the initial questions remains elusive, this study sheds illuminating insights into the growth dynamics of colorectal cancer liver metastases, bringing us closer to understanding the journey from development to mortality in cancer.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-
(författare)
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Den koloniala simskolan
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- . Den koloniala simskolan tecknar simningens globala historia. Axel Andersson rör sig mellan simkulturer, likt de som existerat hos nordamerikanska urbefolkningar, västafrikaner i frihet och slaveri och de vattennära polynesierna. Parallellt undersöker han hur förmedlingen av kroppstekniker medialiserades under främst 1900-talet och hur en traditionell simkultur likt den japanska anpassade sig till en för den ny simteknik i globaliseringens tidevarv.Västerländska historieskrivningar skildrar ofta Väst som en lärare för resten av världen, på bekostnad av flödet av kunskap i motsatt riktning. I en bok som utforskar mötet mellan natur- och teknikbegrepp återvänder Axel Andersson till vad den franske antropologen Marcel Mauss kallade "kroppstekniker": hur vi rör våra kroppar. Genom Mauss och filosofen Gilbert Simondons teser om kunskapsförmedling liksom postkoloniala teorier om zoner av kulturkontakt tecknar Andersson konturerna av en ny transnationell teknikhistoria med fokus på utvecklingen av simning i modern tid.Vid den tidigmoderna periodens början kunde få i västvärlden simma. Kristendomens prydhetsideal, medeltida uppfattningar om medicin, undermåliga avloppssystem i städerna och stora epidemier bidrog till att människor helst stannade på torra land. Tekniker som existerat under antiken, såsom crawlet, hade glömts bort. Med den romantiska rörelsen i Europa och USA återvände simmandet, men denna gång med bröstsimmet som rådande modell. Samtidigt simmades det på ett flertal andra ställen i världen betydligt bättre, bland annat med crawl, vilket uppdagades för Väst i möten mellan de koloniserade och kolonisatörerna. Under 1900-talets början slog crawlet igenom i den nya simsporten, främst genom att idrottsmän och -kvinnor som kom från den västvärld som också dikterade sportvärldens villkor hämtade tekniska kunskaper från kolonialiserade länder och gjorde simningen till en "vit" sport. De områden som låg under kolonial kontroll gick samtidigt igenom en teknikförlust vad gäller simning som liknade den europeiska under medeltiden.Anderssons bok är en uppgörelse med det västerländska naturbegreppet som, i romantikens ledspår, skiljts från det maskinella och tekniska. En teoretisk diskussion som här sätts i sitt konkreta sammanhang, och som på en global nivå ofta inbegriper den komplicerade koloniala historien.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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End-to-end Multiple Instance Learning with Gradient Accumulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665480451 - 9781665480468 ; , s. 2742-2746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being able to learn on weakly labeled data and provide interpretability are two of the main reasons why attention-based deep multiple instance learning (ABMIL) methods have become particularly popular for classification of histopathological images. Such image data usually come in the form of gigapixel-sized whole-slide-images (WSI) that are cropped into smaller patches (instances). However, the sheer volume of the data poses a practical big data challenge: All the instances from one WSI cannot fit the GPU memory of conventional deep-learning models. Existing solutions compromise training by relying on pre-trained models, strategic selection of instances, sub-sampling, or self-supervised pre-training. We propose a training strategy based on gradient accumulation that enables direct end-to-end training of ABMIL models without being limited by GPU memory. We conduct experiments on both QMNIST and Imagenette to investigate the performance and training time and compare with the conventional memory-expensive baseline as well as a recent sampled-based approach. This memory-efficient approach, although slower, reaches performance indistinguishable from the memory-expensive baseline.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens kritik : Två essäer
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det kritiska verket står inför ett epokskifte. På väg in i den post digitala offentligheten möter vi förhållanden där bekanta kategori er, som vi lärt oss att betrakta som dikotomier, inte längre utgör varandras motsatser. I kölvattnet träder nya hybridformer och gränssnitt fram. Framtidens kritik är ett essäistiskt utforskande i två delar av den offentliga kritiken i skärningspunkten mellan estetik, ekonomi och teknik. I essäerna »Kritiken om 100 år« och »De blödande nätverken« reflekterar författarna över allt från redaktionen och medborgarkritik till Augmented Reality och digital aktivism. Med förord av Magnus William-Olsson.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Axel G, et al.
(författare)
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High Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-an Observational Study in Adults from Ronneby, Sweden.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 131:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used, environmentally ubiquitous, and stable chemicals that have been associated with lower vaccine-induced antibody responses in children; however, data on adults are limited. The drinking water from one of the two waterworks in Ronneby, Sweden, was heavily contaminated for decades with PFAS from firefighting foams, primarily perfluorohexane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 offered a unique opportunity to investigate antibody responses to primary vaccination in adults who had been exposed to PFAS.Our objective was to evaluate associations between PFAS, across a wide range of exposure levels, and antibody responses in adults 5 wk and 6 months after a two-dose vaccination regime against SARS-CoV-2.Adults age 20-60 y from Ronneby (n=309, median PFOS serum level 47ng/mL, fifth to 95th percentile 4-213ng/mL) and a group with background exposure (n=47, median PFOS serum level 4ng/mL) received two doses of the Spikevax (Moderna) mRNA vaccine. The levels of seven PFAS were measured in serum before vaccination. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen (S-Abs) were measured before vaccination and at 5 wk (n=350) and 6 months (n=329) after the second vaccine dose. Linear regression analyses were fitted against current, historical, and prenatal exposure to PFAS, adjusting for sex, age, and smoking, excluding individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2-infection.PFAS exposure, regardless of how it was estimated, was not negatively associated with antibody levels 5 wk [current PFOS: -0.5% S-Abs/PFOS interquartile range (IQR); 95% confidence interval (CI): -8, 7] or 6 months (current PFOS: 3% S-Abs/PFOS IQR; 95% CI: -6, 12) after COVID-19 vaccination.Following a strict study protocol, rigorous study design, and few dropouts, we found no indication that PFAS exposure negatively affected antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination for up to 6 months after vaccination. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11847.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Axel G, et al.
(författare)
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Large difference but high correlation between creatinine and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate in Mesoamerican sugarcane cutters.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 79:7, s. 497-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the relationship between creatinine and cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in actively working sugarcane cutters.This cohort study included 458 sugarcane cutters from Nicaragua and El Salvador. Serum samples were taken before and at end of harvest seasons and analysed for creatinine and cystatin C. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formulas were used to calculate eGFRs based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys) and both creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcrcys) at each time point. Bland-Altman plots and paired t-tests were used to compare the difference between eGFRcr and eGFRcys, and the difference in eGFRs between before and at end of the harvest seasons.The mean eGFRcr was higher than eGFRcys in both cohorts; absolute difference 22mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI 21 to 23) in Nicaragua and 13mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI 11 to 15) in El Salvador. Correlations between eGFRcr and eGFRcys were high, with r=0.69, 0.77 and 0.67 in Nicaragua at pre-harvest, end-harvest and cross-harvest, and r=0.89, 0.89 and 0.49 in El Salvador.Creatinine increases among heat-stressed workers reflect reduced glomerular filtration as estimated using eGFRcys, a marker independent of muscle mass and metabolism. The discrepancy between eGFRcr and eGFRcys may indicate reduced glomerular filtration of larger molecules and/or systemic bias in CKD-EPI performance in this population.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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In-hospital versus out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : Characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after return of spontaneous circulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 176, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiac arrest is characterized depending on location as in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Strategies for Post Cardiac Arrest Care were developed based on evidence from OHCA. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after IHCA and OHCA. Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study of adult survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to intensive care in southern Sweden between 2014–2018. Data was collected from registries and medical notes. The primary outcome was neurological outcome according to the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale at 2–6 months. Results: 799 patients were included, 245 IHCA and 554 OHCA. IHCA patients were older, less frequently male and less frequently without comorbidity. In IHCA the first recorded rhythm was more often non-shockable, all delay-times (ROSC, no-flow, low-flow, time to advanced life support) were shorter and a cardiac cause of the arrest was less common. Good long-term neurological outcome was more common after IHCA than OHCA. In multivariable analysis, witnessed arrest, age, shorter arrest duration (no-flow and low-flow times), low lactate, shockable rhythm, and a cardiac cause were all independent predictors of good long-term neurological outcome whereas location of arrest (IHCA vs OHCA) was not. Conclusion: In patients admitted to intensive care after cardiac arrest, patients who suffered IHCA vs OHCA differed in demographics, co-morbidities, cardiac arrest characteristics and outcomes. In multivariable analyses, cardiac arrest characteristics were independent predictors of outcome, whereas location of arrest (IHCA vs OHCA) was not.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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In the Wake of a Postwar Adventure : Myth and Media Technologies in the Making of Kon-Tiki
- 2017
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Ingår i: Small country, long journeys. - Oslo : Nasjonalbiblioteket. - 9788279653455 ; , s. 178-211
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kon-Tiki stands out as the most internationally successful and popular documentary ever produced by the Scandinavian film industry. Its box office success and 1951 Academy Award ensured this spectacular and risky sea crossing, a reenactment of a prehistoric voyage, would be seen around the world. In 1947, Thor Heyerdahl and five crewmembers covered the 8000 kilometres of ocean between Peru and a Polynesian island on a balsa raft that was constructed almost entirely without the benefit of modern tools, ropes, or nails. Heyerdahl undertook this voyage to prove his theory that prehistoric white people, who had initiated the great civilizations of the Americas, had sailed on to Polynesia. Basing his theory on pseudoscientific studies on “race” developed by writers like Arthur de Gobineau in the 19th century and further elaborated by the eugenicist movement of the early 20th, Heyerdahl proposed a constitutive link between whiteness and civilization. To bolster his argument, he interwove it with idiosyncratic interpretations of myths from the Americas and Polynesia. The Kon-Tiki project was designed to explore “non-western myths”, but the supposed verification provided by the expedition was based on colonial preconceptions, which were themselves expressions of racist and mythical assumptions of whiteness. The project also provided a new narrative that enshrined the event, including the word “Kon-Tiki”, in popular post-war culture.In this chapter, we argue that the Kon-Tiki as a historical expedition and a film deserves renewed attention beyond merely Norwegian film history. Most importantly, it reveals a transnational production history that in compelling ways yields new insights into the expedition film as media culture, screen event, and intercultural narrative in the post-war era. In the following chapter, we propose a critical reassessment of the Kon-Tiki to illuminate some historiographic aspects of myth and myth-making, and to look more closely at the international interests, transnational influences, and media technologies involved in how Heyerdahl created this narrative.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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ISTDECO : In Situ Transcriptomics Decoding by Deconvolution
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Situ Transcriptomics (IST) is a set of image-based transcriptomics approaches that enables localisation of gene expression directly in tissue samples. IST techniques produce multiplexed image series in which fluorescent spots are either present or absent across imaging rounds and colour channels. A spot’spresence and absence form a type of barcoded pattern that labels a particular type of mRNA. Therefore, the expression of agene can be determined by localising the fluorescent spots and decode the barcode that they form. Existing IST algorithms usually do this in two separate steps: spot localisation and barcode decoding. Although these algorithms are efficient, they are limited by strictly separating the localisation and decoding steps. This limitation becomes apparent in regions with low signal-to-noise ratio or high spot densities. We argue that an improved gene expression decoding can be obtained by combining these two steps into a single algorithm. This allows for an efficient decoding that is less sensitive to noise and optical crowding. We present IST Decoding by Deconvolution (ISTDECO), a principled decoding approach combining spectral and spatial deconvolution into a single algorithm. We evaluate ISTDECOon simulated data, as well as on two real IST datasets, and compare with state-of-the-art. ISTDECO achieves state-of-the-art performance despite high spot densities and low signal-to-noise ratios. It is easily implemented and runs efficiently using a GPU.ISTDECO implementation, datasets and demos are available online at: github.com/axanderssonuu/istdeco
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-
(författare)
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Negative Geology : A Cultural and Technical History of Early European Mountaineering
- 2021. - -
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Mountains mesmerise. Mediated by painters, writers and thinkers, or viewed in person: rock and voluminous air tend to exercise an unsettling pull.” Negative Geology: A Cultural and Technical History of Early European Mountaineering traces the interconnect ed developments in literature, visual arts, philosophy and technics contributing to the continent’s intense interest in mountains. It searches for the early phases of a movement in which peaks became places of both ecstatic engagement and spiritual detachment in the mountaineering before Romanticism. Mountains were shaped into privileged sites of modernity by experiments with infrastructure and instruments occurring alongside aesthetic, political, religious, and scientific upheavals. “To depart earlier, is [Negative Geology’s] most pressing suggestion—just like the mountaineer who sets off at the crack of dawn.” Swedish historian and critic Axel Andersson writes about nature, colonialism and art. His recent books include Den koloniala simskolan, Atlantvärlden and Absolut farmakon.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Points2Regions : Fast, interactive clustering of imaging-based spatial transcriptomics data
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics techniques generate image data that, once processed, results in a set of spatial points with categorical labels for different mRNA species. A crucial part of analyzing downstream data involves the analysis of these point patterns. Here, biologically interesting patterns can be explored at different spatial scales. Molecular patterns on a cellular level would correspond to cell types, whereas patterns on a millimeter scale would correspond to tissue-level structures. Often, clustering methods are employed to identify and segment regions with distinct point-patterns. Traditional clustering techniques for such data are constrained by reliance on complementary data or extensive machine learning, limiting their applicability to tasks on a particular scale. This paper introduces 'Points2Regions', a practical tool for clustering spatial points with categorical labels. Its flexible and computationally efficient clustering approach enables pattern discovery across multiple scales, making it a powerful tool for exploratory analysis. Points2Regions has demonstrated efficient performance in various datasets, adeptly defining biologically relevant regions similar to those found by scale-specific methods. As a Python package integrated into TissUUmaps and a Napari plugin, it offers interactive clustering and visualization, significantly enhancing user experience in data exploration. In essence, Points2Regions presents a user-friendly and simple tool for exploratory analysis of spatial points with categorical labels.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Axel, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Reportage
- 2023. - -
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kombinationen är klassisk: En skribent, en tecknare. Så reste DN:s Jan Olof Olsson, signaturen Jolo, och hans äldre bror Per-Olof till Leningrad för att göra reportage om den sovjetiska metropol som varit det tsarryska S:t Petersburg. Så reste Expressenredaktören Ivar Harrie tillbaka till sitt Skåne med Edward Lindahl, och Henrik Tikkanen (som tecknare) tillsammans med Göran Schildt till Egypten. Dit reste också, närmare vår tid, Niklas Rådström och Stig Claesson, känd som Slas, även han här i rollen som bildskapare. Resorna var upptäcktsresor, oavsett om målet var känt sedan tidigare eller en förstagångsdestination. Det gällde att i text och bild förmedla upplevelserna så ofiltrerat som möjligt, att placera sig mitt i ett landskap eller en stad och låta notisboken och teckningsblocket agera lackmuspapper. Med samma enkla utrustning, block och pennor, reste Axel Andersson och Claes Tellvid till Edinburgh i september 2018. Deras texter och teckningar från det veckolånga uppehållet speglar just en gemensam produktiv nollställning inför resmålet, en mottaglighet för syn-, hörsel-, doft-, smak- och känselintryck som paradoxalt nog kräver såväl konstnärlig erfarenhet som förmågan att i ögonblicket helt glömma bort all sådan tidigare samlad kunskap.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptome-Supervised Classification of Tissue Morphology Using Deep Learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). - 9781538693308 - 9781538693315 ; , s. 1630-1633
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep learning has proven to successfully learn variations in tissue and cell morphology. Training of such models typically relies on expensive manual annotations. Here we conjecture that spatially resolved gene expression, e.i., the transcriptome, can be used as an alternative to manual annotations. In particular, we trained five convolutional neural networks with patches of different size extracted from locations defined by spatially resolved gene expression. The network is trained to classify tissue morphology related to two different genes, general tissue, as well as background, on an image of fluorescence stained nuclei in a mouse brain coronal section. Performance is evaluated on an independent tissue section from a different mouse brain, reaching an average Dice score of 0.51. Results may indicate that novel techniques for spatially resolved transcriptomics together with deep learning may provide a unique and unbiased way to find genotype phenotype relationships
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Common Business Ontology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Open Interop Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and Ontologies for Interoperability (Interop-EMOI'06). - Luxembourg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a common ontology for a business domain : Issues and possible solutions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Open Interop Workshop onEnterprise Modelling and Ontologies for Interoperability. - : CEUR-WS.org.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To create an understanding of enterprises and the ways they do business, a starting point could be to identify the main actors and the values transferred between them. Business models are created in order to make clear who the business actors are in a business case and to make their relations explicit. The relations are formulated in terms of values exchanged between the actors. The purpose of the work reported in this paper is to create a better understanding of business models by identifying basic notions used in such models. It does so by constructing a common ontology based on three established business model ontologies: e3-value, REA, and BMO. By means of a careful analysis of these ontologies a conceptual schema is created that defines the common concepts. An example is worked out that explains how the common ontology should be understood.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a reference ontology for business models
- 2006
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Ingår i: Conceptual Modeling - ER 2006, Proceedings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 354047224X ; , s. 482-496, s. 482-496
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ontologies are viewed as increasingly important tools for structuring domains of interests. In this paper we propose a reference ontology of business models using concepts from three established business model ontologies; the REA, BMO, and e3-value. The basic concepts in the reference ontology concern actors, resources, and the transfer of resources between actors. Most of the concepts in the reference ontology are taken from one of the original ontologies, but we have also introduced a number of additional concepts, primarily related to resource transfers between business actors. The purpose of the proposed ontology is to increase the understanding of the original ontologies as well as the relationships between them, and also to seek opportunities to complement and improve on them.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Reference Ontology for Business Models
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2006). - Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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"You can't be up there" - youth cultural participation and appropriation of space.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung. - : Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH. - 1862-5002. ; 14:1, s. 5-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the relationship between youth cultural practices and young people’s spatial appropriation. For this purpose, we analyse case studies into groups of young people involved in two forms of practices that are marked by particular perceptions of the (urban) space: two Parkour groups and a Scouts group. The questions we are dealing with concern the way to which young members of these groups are appropriating ‘free space’ through participating in activities like the Scouts or Parkour. Furthermore, this article also explores important questions concerning processes of how young people’s participation in urban areas should be understood and what consequences this understanding has for youth policy.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Interactive Voice Response (IVR) and postal survey in follow-up of children and adolescents discharged from psychiatric outpatient treatment : a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: SpringerPlus. - : Springer. - 2193-1801. ; 3:77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematic evaluation of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient treatment is important but time-consuming. The aim of this paper was to study whether Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a more effective method than a questionnaire sent by post when following up outpatient treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry. Eighty patients were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient unit in Sweden. One parent of each of the patients was randomized to complete the BCFPI follow-up form, using either IVR (n = 40) or postal survey (n = 40) one month after discharge. The response rate for complete answers was 65% in the IVR group and 38% in the postal survey group (p = 0.014). There was less need for reminders in the IVR group (p = 0.000). IVR is a promising and cost-effective method for evaluating evidence-based treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric care.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Andersson, E. Axel
(författare)
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Blood Vessels, Biomarkers, and Broken Barriers: lnvestigations of the Brain Vasculature in Models of Neonatal Brain lnjuries
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Brain injury during the perinatal period can lead to lifelong impairment in cognitive and motor function, or an early death. Term neonatal encephalopathy and preterm germinal matrix haemorrhage are two conditions that can irreversibly injure the brain, but clinical tools for diagnosing and treating these pathologies are lacking. It is known that the cerebrovasculature, i.e. the blood vessels of the brain and blood/brain barrier (BBB) plays a role during the course and recovery of injury. This thesis investigated the cerebrovascular involvement in two animal models of neonatal brain injury in an attempt to elucidate injury mechanisms, find potential new treatments, and identify biomarkers for brain vascular dysfunction. Using rodent models for hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage (GM‐IVH) we found raised levels of tight‐junction proteins claudin‐5 and occludin, two integral components of the BBB, in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at different time points. In the HIE model, levels of tight‐junction proteins in the circulation were sex‐dependent and the amount of claudin‐5 in CSF correlated with the severity of brain injury. These proteins thus have potential as biomarkers for early detection of cerebrovascular insults. In addition, we did in‐depth assessments of the BBB function in both models and detailed the temporal and regional increases of barrier permeability after injury by measuring the extravasation of radiolabelled sucrose, visible dyes, and molecular tracers. Studies of the cerebral vasculature and angiogenesis after HI showed that the density of proliferating endothelial cells were largely unaffected after injury, but the number of growing endothelial tip cells were strongly reduced in the entire brain, accompanied by changes in the expression of angiogenesis genes. The thesis also includes the first trial of endogenous RNAse A as a neuroprotective treatment for neonatal brain injury, a treatment that has shown promise in adult models of other pathologies with cardiovascular aspects. We found significant reductions of grey and white matter tissue loss after RNAse A administration in HI animals, but no protection of BBB function or evidence for a reduced neuroinflammatory response. Taken together, this thesis contains new insights into several aspects of the vascular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of two major forms of injury that can occur in the neonatal brain.
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| 36. |
- Andersson, E. Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating tight-junction proteins are potential biomarkers for blood-brain barrier function in a model of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Neonatal encephalopathy often leads to lifelong disabilities with limited treatments currently available. The brain vasculature is an important factor in many neonatal neurological disorders but there is a lack of diagnostic tools to evaluate the brain vascular dysfunction of neonates in the clinical setting. Measurement of blood-brain barrier tight-junction (TJ) proteins have shown promise as biomarkers for brain injury in the adult. Here we tested the biomarker potential of tight-junctions in the context of neonatal brain injury. Methods The levels of TJ-proteins (occluding, claudin-5, and zonula occludens protein 1) in both blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as blood-brain barrier function via C-14-sucrose (342 Da) and Evans blue extravasation were measured in a hypoxia/ischemia brain-injury model in neonatal rats. Results Time-dependent changes of occludin and claudin-5 levels could be measured in blood and CSF after hypoxia/ischemia with males generally having higher levels than females. The levels of claudin-5 in CSF correlated with the severity of the brain injury at 24 h post- hypoxia/ischemia. Simultaneously, we detected early increase in blood-brain barrier-permeability at 6 and 24 h after hypoxia/ischemia. Conclusions Levels of circulating claudin-5 and occludin are increased after hypoxic/ischemic brain injuries and blood-brain barrier-impairment and have promise as early biomarkers for cerebral vascular dysfunction and as a tool for risk assessment of neonatal brain injuries.
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| 37. |
- Andersson, E. Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Function and Biomarkers of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Neonatal Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage Model
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Germinal matrix haemorrhage (GMH), caused by rupturing blood vessels in the germinal matrix, is a prevalent driver of preterm brain injuries and death. Our group recently developed a model simulating GMH using intrastriatal injections of collagenase in 5-day-old rats, which corresponds to the brain development of human preterm infants. This study aimed to define changes to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to evaluate BBB proteins as biomarkers in this GMH model. Regional BBB functions were investigated using blood to brain C-14-sucrose uptake as well as using biotinylated BBB tracers. Blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluids were collected at various times after GMH and analysed with ELISA for OCLN and CLDN5. The immunoreactivity of BBB proteins was assessed in brain sections. Tracer experiments showed that GMH produced a defined region surrounding the hematoma where many vessels lost their integrity. This region expanded for at least 6 h following GMH, thereafter resolution of both hematoma and re-establishment of BBB function occurred. The sucrose experiment indicated that regions somewhat more distant to the hematoma also exhibited BBB dysfunction; however, BBB function was normalised within 5 days of GMH. This shows that GMH leads to a temporal dysfunction in the BBB that may be important in pathological processes as well as in connection to therapeutic interventions. We detected an increase of tight-junction proteins in both CSF and plasma after GMH making them potential biomarkers for GMH.
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| 38. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Screen printed digital circuits based on vertical organicelectrochemical transistors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been manufactured solely using screenprinting. The OECTs are based on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)), which defines the active material for both the transistor channel and the gateelectrode. The resulting vertical OECT devices and circuits exhibit low-voltage operation, relativelyfast switching, small footprint and high manufacturing yield; the last three parameters are explainedby the reliance of the transistor configuration on a robust structure in which the electrolyte verticallybridges the bottom channel and the top gate electrode. Two different architectures of the verticalOECT have been manufactured, characterized and evaluated in parallel throughout this report. Inaddition to the experimental work, SPICE models enabling simulations of standalone OECTs andOECT-based circuits have been developed. Our findings may pave the way for fully integrated, lowvoltageoperating and printed signal processing systems integrated with e.g. printed batteries, solarcells, sensors and communication interfaces. Such technology can then serve a low-cost basetechnology for the internet of things, smart packaging and home diagnostics applications.
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and function of a novel type of ATP-dependent Clp protease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 284:20, s. 13519-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clp protease is conserved among eubacteria and most eukaryotes, and uses ATP to drive protein substrate unfolding and translocation into a chamber of sequestered proteolytic active sites. The main constitutive Clp protease in photosynthetic organisms has evolved into a functionally essential and structurally intricate enzyme. The model Clp protease from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus consists of the HSP100 molecular chaperone ClpC and a mixed proteolytic core comprised of two distinct subunits, ClpP3 and ClpR. We have purified the ClpP3/R complex, the first for a Clp proteolytic core comprised of heterologous subunits. The ClpP3/R complex has unique functional and structural features, consisting of twin heptameric rings each with an identical ClpP3(3)ClpR(4) configuration. As predicted by its lack of an obvious catalytic triad, the ClpR subunit is shown to be proteolytically inactive. Interestingly, extensive modification to ClpR to restore proteolytic activity to this subunit showed that its presence in the core complex is not rate-limiting for the overall proteolytic activity of the ClpCP3/R protease. Altogether, the ClpP3/R complex shows remarkable similarities to the 20 S core of the proteasome, revealing a far greater degree of convergent evolution than previously thought between the development of the Clp protease in photosynthetic organisms and that of the eukaryotic 26 S proteasome.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W, et al.
(författare)
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Seeking opportunity or socio-economic status? Housing and school choice in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential choices and school choices are intimately connected in school systems where school admission relies on proximity rules. In countries with universal school choice systems, however, it remains an open question whether families’ residential mobility is tied to the choice of their children’s school, and with what consequences. Using administrative data on all children approaching primary-school age in Sweden, we study to what extent families’ financial and socio-economic background affects mobility between neighbourhoods and the characteristics of schools chosen by moving families. Our findings show that families do utilise the housing market as an instrument for school choice over the year preceding their firstborn child starting school. However, while families who move do ‘climb the social ladder’ by moving to neighbourhoods with more households of higher socio-economic status, their chosen schools do not appear to be of higher academic quality compared to those their children would otherwise have attended.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Country of birth and mortality risk in hypertension with and without diabetes: the Swedish primary care cardiovascular database.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 39:6, s. 1155-1162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension and diabetes are common and are both associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate associations between mortality risk and country of birth among hypertensive individuals in primary care with and without concomitant diabetes, which has not been studied previously. In addition, we aimed to study the corresponding risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.This observational cohort study of 62557 individuals with hypertension diagnosed 2001-2008 in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database assessed mortality by the Swedish Cause of Death Register, and myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke by the National Patient Register. Cox regression models were used to estimate study outcome hazard ratios by country of birth and time updated diabetes status, with adjustments for multiple confounders.During follow-up time without diabetes using Swedish-born as reference, adjusted mortality hazard ratios per country of birth category were Finland: 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.38), high-income European countries: 0.84 (0.74-0.95), low-income European countries: 0.84 (0.71-1.00) and non-European countries: 0.65 (0.56-0.76). The corresponding adjusted mortality hazard ratios during follow-up time with diabetes were high-income European countries: 0.78 (0.63-0.98), low-income European countries: 0.74 (0.57-0.96) and non-European countries: 0.56 (0.44-0.71). During follow-up without diabetes, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio of myocardial infarction was increased for Finland: 1.16 (1.01-1.34), whereas the results for ischemic stroke were inconclusive.In Sweden, hypertensive immigrants (with the exception for Finnish-born) with and without diabetes have a mortality advantage, as compared to Swedish-born.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality trends and cause of death in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes and controls: A 24-year follow-up prospective cohort study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetes research and clinical practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8227 .- 0168-8227. ; 138, s. 81-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to assess causes of death and temporal changes in excess mortality among patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes in Skaraborg, Sweden.Patients from the Skaraborg Diabetes Register with prospectively registered new-onset type 2 diabetes 1991-2004 were included. Five individual controls matched for sex, age, geographical area and calendar year of study entry were selected using population records. Causes of deaths until 31 December 2014 were retrieved from the Cause of Death Register. Adjusted excess mortality among patients and temporal changes of excess mortality were calculated using Poisson models. Cumulative incidences of cause-specific mortality were calculated by competing risk regression.During 24years of follow-up 4364 deaths occurred among 7461 patients in 90,529 person-years (48.2/1000 person-years, 95% CI 46.8-49.7), and 18,541 deaths in 479,428 person-years among 37,271 controls (38.7/1000 person-years, 38.1-39.2). The overall adjusted mortality hazard ratio was 1.47 (p<.0001) among patients diagnosed at study start 1991 and decreased by 2% (p<.0001) per increase in calendar year of diagnosis until 2004. Excess mortality was mainly attributed to endocrine and cardiovascular cause of death with crude subdistributional hazard ratios of 5.06 (p<.001) and 1.22 (p<.001).Excess mortality for patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes was mainly attributed to deaths related to diabetes and the cardiovascular system, and decreased with increasing year of diagnosis 1991-2004. Possible explanations could be temporal trends of earlier diagnosis due to lowered diagnostic thresholds and intensified diagnostic activities, as well as improved treatment.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of diabetes, education and income on mortality and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: A cohort study from the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database (SPCCD).
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aimed to estimate the effect of diabetes, educational level and income on the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in primary care patients with hypertension.We followed 62,557 individuals with hypertension diagnosed 2001-2008, in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database. Study outcomes were death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, assessed using national registers until 2012. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of outcomes according to diabetes status, educational level, and income.During follow-up, 13,231 individuals died, 9981 were diagnosed with diabetes, 4431 with myocardial infarction, and 4433 with ischemic stroke. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for diabetes versus no diabetes: mortality 1.57 (1.50-1.65), myocardial infarction 1.24 (1.14-1.34), and ischemic stroke 1.17 (1.07-1.27). Hazard ratios for diabetes and ≤9 years of school versus no diabetes and >12 years of school: mortality 1.56 (1.41-1.73), myocardial infarction 1.36 (1.17-1.59), and ischemic stroke 1.27 (1.08-1.50). Hazard ratios for diabetes and income in the lowest fifth group versus no diabetes and income in the highest fifth group: mortality 3.82 (3.36-4.34), myocardial infarction 2.00 (1.66-2.42), and ischemic stroke 1.91 (1.58-2.31).Diabetes combined with low income was associated with substantial excess risk of mortality, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke among primary care patients with hypertension.
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| 44. |
- Aronsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma versus pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Surgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1743-9191. ; 71, s. 91-99
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have indicated that there may be a difference in tumor biology between intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the data are still controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and compare the outcome of IPMC and PDAC after surgical resection. Methods: Studies comparing IPMC and PDAC were identified using Medline and Embase search engines. Primary outcomes of interest were survival and recurrence. Secondary outcomes were clinicopathological characteristics. Meta-analysis of data was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 14 studies were included. Pooled analysis revealed an improved 5-year overall survival (OS) for IPMC compared to PDAC (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.56). Both colloid and tubular IPMC showed improved 5-year OS compared to PDAC (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05–0.25 and OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26–0.54, respectively). Median survival time ranged from 21 to 58 months in the IPMC group compared to 12–23 months in the PDAC group. No meta-analysis could be performed on recurrence or on time-to-event data. Descriptive data showed no survival difference for higher TNM stages. IPMC was more often found at a TNM-stage of 1 (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.71–7.15) and had lower rates of lymph node spread (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32–0.57). Conclusion: Available data suggest that IPMC has a more indolent course with a better 5-year OS compared to PDAC. The histopathological features are less aggressive in IPMC. The reason may be earlier detection. However, for IPMC with higher TNM stages the survival seems to be similar to that of PDAC.
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| 45. |
- Bengtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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The actual 5-year survivors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on real-world data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survival data for pancreatic cancer are usually based on actuarial calculations and actual long-term survival rates are rarely reported. Here we use population-level data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for patients with microscopically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 1975 to 2011. A total of 84,275 patients with at least 5 years of follow-up were evaluated (follow-up cutoff date: December 31, 2016). Actual 5-year survival for pancreatic cancer increased from 0.9% in 1975 to 4.2% in 2011 in patients of all stages (p < 0.001), while in surgically resected patients, it rose from 1.5% to 17.4% (p < 0.001). In non-resected patients, the actual 5-year survival remained unchanged over the same time period (0.8% vs 0.9%; p = 0.121). Multivariable analysis of surgically resected patients diagnosed in the recent time era (2004–2011) showed that age, gender, grade, tumour size, TNM-stage and chemotherapy were significant independent predictors of actual 5-year survival, while age, grade and TNM-stage were significant independent predictors in non-resected patients. However, unfavourable clinicopathological factors did not preclude long-term survival. Collectively, our findings indicate that actual 5-year survival for pancreatic cancer is still below 5% despite improvement of survival for the subset of patients undergoing surgical resection.
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| 46. |
- Bjerke, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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On chemical interactions between an inclusion engineered stainless steel (316L) and (Ti,Al)N coated tools during turning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Wear. - 0043-1648. ; 532-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-metallic inclusions offer one of the most effective routes for improving the machinability of steels. However, the wear-reducing mechanisms activated by such inclusions are not fully understood. The interactions are notoriously difficult to predict due to the wide variety of steel grades, cutting conditions, and tool materials employed in industry. The interaction between PVD (Ti,Al)N coated cemented carbide tools, non-metallic inclusions, atmospheric oxygen, and the stainless steel 316L in a turning operation is therefore investigated here as a case study. The study includes turning experiments, nanometer resolution microscopy, and thermodynamic calculations. The paper explains how not only too high a contact pressures hinder the formation of protective deposits at the tool edge, but also how too low a contact pressure leads to excessive wear. A range of conditions specified in this paper must therefore be met for the two observed protective non-metallic inclusions Mg1Al2O4 and Al2Ca2Si1O7 to be preferentially deposited on a tool. Hence the coating wear is experimentally investigated, explained, and a thermodynamic calculation method for predicting the protective or degenerative potential of a deposit on the coating is presented.
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| 47. |
- Björkenheim, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of hospitalization for heart failure and of all-cause mortality after atrioventricular nodal ablation and right ventricular pacing for atrial fibrillation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 16:12, s. 1772-1778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Atrioventricular junction ablation (AVJA) is a highly effective treatment in patients with therapy refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) but renders the patient pacemaker dependent. We aimed to analyse the long-term incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and all-cause mortality in patients who underwent AVJA because of AF and to determine predictors for HF and mortality.Methods and results: We retrospectively enrolled 162 consecutive patients, mean age 67 +/- 9 years, 48% women, who underwent AVJA because of symptomatic AF refractory to pharmacological treatment (n = 117) or unsuccessful repeated pulmonary vein isolation (n = 45). Hospitalization for HF occurred in 32 (20%) patients and 35 (22%) patients died, representing a cumulative incidence for hospitalization for HF and mortality over the first 2 years after AVJA of 9.1 and 5.2%, respectively. Hospitalization for HF occurred to the same extent in patients who failed pharmacological treatment as in patients with repeated pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), although the mortality was slightly higher in the former group. QRS prolongation >= 120 ms and left atrial diameter were independent predictors of hospitalization for HF, while hypertension and previous HF were independent predictors of death.Conclusion: The long-term hospitalization rate for HF and all-cause mortality was low, which implies that long-term ventricular pacing was not harmful in this patient population, including patients with unsuccessful repeated PVI.
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| 48. |
- Broström, Sander, et al.
(författare)
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Transitioning from child to adult-oriented HIV clinical care for adolescents living with HIV in Ethiopia: results from a retrospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pan African Medical Journal. - : Pan African Medical Journal. - 1937-8688. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Ethiopia has one of the largest number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). As these adolescents reach adulthood they need to transfer from pediatric to adult-oriented clinics. Clear implementation guidelines for transition are lacking and factors associated with successful transition are inadequately investigated. Our objective was to describe the rate and age of transition from child- to adult-oriented care and the factors associated with transition success among ALHIV in selected health facilities in Ethiopia. Methods: a retrospective cohort study of adolescents was conducted in eight health facilities in two regions of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples´ Region (SNNPR). The study was embedded within a broader study originally aimed at studying clinical outcomes of adolescents. The proportion of adolescents who transitioned was calculated and the association between baseline characteristics and transition was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: of 1072 adolescents, 8.7% transitioned to adult care. The most frequent age of transition was 15 (range: 10-22). Multivariate analysis generated two significant findings: adolescents from Addis Ababa were more to likely transitioned than adolescents from SNNPR (aOR: 2.18; 95% CI=1.17-4.06; p<0.01), as well as disclosed adolescents compared to those not disclosed of their HIV-status (aOR: 4.19; 95% CI=1.57-11.98; p<0.01). Conclusion: transition occurred in less than 10% of participants, in a wide range of age, indicating a lack of implementation policies regarding the transition process. Thereto, we found that adolescents from Addis Ababa and those disclosed of their disease, were more likely to transition. Further studies are needed to better understand factors associated with transition success.
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| 49. |
- Clements, C. C., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of patients with a severe major depressive episode treated with electroconvulsive therapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depressive disorder (MDD) have identified many significant loci, the SNP-based heritability remains notably low, which might be due to etiological heterogeneity in existing samples. Here, we test the utility of targeting the severe end of the MDD spectrum through genome-wide SNP genotyping of 2725 cases who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for a major depressive episode (MDE) and 4035 controls. A subset of cases (n = 1796) met a narrow case definition (MDE occurring in the context of MDD). Standard GWAS quality control procedures and imputation were conducted. SNP heritability and genetic correlations with other traits were estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Results were compared with MDD cases of mild-moderate severity receiving internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) and summary results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). The SNP-based heritability was estimated at 29-34% (SE: 6%) for the narrow case definition, considerably higher than the 6.5-8.0% estimate in the most recent PGC MDD study. Our severe MDE cases had smaller genetic correlations with neurodevelopmental disorders and neuroticism than PGC MDD cases but higher genetic risk scores for bipolar disorder than iCBT MDD cases. One genome-wide significant locus was identified (rs114583506, P = 5e-8) in an intron of HLA-B in the major histocompatibility locus on chr6. These results indicate that individuals receiving ECT for an MDE have higher burden of common variant risk loci than individuals with mild-moderate MDD. Furthermore, severe MDE shows stronger relations with other severe adult-onset psychiatric disorders but weaker relations with personality and stress-related traits than mild-moderate MDD. These findings suggest a different genetic architecture at the severest end of the spectrum, and support further study of the severest MDD cases as an extreme phenotype approach to understand the etiology of MDD.
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| 50. |
- Cooper, Michael W. D., et al.
(författare)
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Fission gas diffusion and release for Cr2O3-doped UO2 : From the atomic to the engineering scale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anticipated benefits of large grains in Cr2O3-doped UO2 pellets include improved mechanical and fission gas retention properties. To support the assessment of fission gas release (FGR) from doped pellets, the impact of doping on fission gas diffusivity for in-reactor conditions must be understood. In this work, we tackle this issue by informing the fission gas model within the BISON fuel performance code using material models developed at the atomic scale. The investigation of intra-granular fission gas diffusivity in Cr2O3-doped UO2 is carried out by adapting a cluster dynamics model that, accounting for UO2 thermochemistry, is capable of describing Xe diffusion under irradiation in undoped UO2 as the starting point. Using a thermodynamic analysis, it is shown that in stoichiometric UO2 with additions of Cr2O3, the oxygen potential is defined by the Cr-Cr2O3 two-phase equilibrium. Using the cluster dynamics model, the predicted Xe diffusivity in doped UO2 was significantly increased in both the intrinsic and irradiation-enhanced regimes compared to undoped UO2, as a result of higher concentrations of uranium and oxygen vacancies, respectively. This is a consequence of the more oxidizing conditions at high temperature, and more reducing conditions at low temperature, as a result of doping. Arrhenius functions have been fitted to the cluster dynamics results to enable implementation of the new diffusivities in the BISON fission gas behavior model. BISON simulations were carried out, showing the competing effects of the enlarged grains and the new fission gas diffusivity model, which act to suppress and enhance fission gas release, respectively. The new physics-informed model was validated against in-reactor experimental measurements under normal operation. Additionally, benchmarking was carried out for power ramp conditions. The predicted fission gas release agreed well with the experimental data, showing noticeable improvements over the standard UO2 model.
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