| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Nystedt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 497:7451, s. 579-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Acute pancreatitis - costs for healthcare and loss of production.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 48:12, s. 1459-1465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) can vary from a mild to a fulminant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Cost analysis has, however, hitherto been sparse. The aim of this study was to calculate the cost of acute pancreatitis, both including hospital costs and costs due to loss of production. Material and methods. All adult patients treated at Skane University Hospital, Lund, during 2009-2010, were included. A severity grading was conducted and cost analysis was performed on an individual basis. Results. Two hundred and fifty-two patients with altogether 307 admissions were identified. Mean age was 60 ± 19 years, and 121 patients (48%) were men. Severe AP (SAP) was diagnosed in 38 patients (12%). Thirteen patients (5%) died. Acute biliary pancreatitis was more costly than alcohol induced AP (p < 0.001). Total costs for treating mild AP (MAP) in patients ≤65 years old was lower (p = 0.001) and costs for SAP was higher (p = 0.024), as compared to older patients. The overall hospital cost and cost for loss of production was per person in mean €5,100 ± 2,400 for MAP and €28,200 ± 38,100 for SAP (p < 0.001). The costs for treating AP during the two-year-long study period were in mean €9,762 ± 19,778 per patient. Extrapolated to a national perspective, the annual financial burden for AP in Sweden would be ∼ €38,500,000; corresponding to €4,100,000 per million inhabitants. Conclusions. The costs of treating AP are high, especially in severe cases with a long ICU stay. These results highlight the need to optimize care and continue the identification and focus on SAP, in order to try to limit organ failure and infectious complications.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in adiponectin levels correlates to growth response in growth hormone-treated children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0046 .- 0301-0163. ; 71:4, s. 213-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is secreted by adipose tissue and circulates in human plasma at high levels. Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum adiponectin levels are related to the growth response, insulin levels and insulin resistance during growth hormone (GH) treatment.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolbränder och skolbrandsprevention : Underlag för planerade insatser enligt ”Karlstadsmodellen”
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan man förebygga anlagda bränder och annan skadegörelse i skolor med miljöinriktade åtgärder? Den bedömningen gör man i Karlstads kommun med stöd i kriminologisk teori och erfarenheter från andra sektorer. Den traditionella ansatsen är annars är att kombinera brandtekniska åtgärder med ett mer individorienterat perspektiv riktat mot gärningspersoner. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att ge en djupare belysning av den teoretiska grundvalen för en bredare miljöinriktad strategi, samt att peka på möjligheter att följa och utvärdera effekter av en lokal tillämpning. I bilaga redovisas även en forskningsöversikt kring den vetenskapliga evidens som idag föreligger beträffande miljöinriktad brottsprevention.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Trestad2 : Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013.
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, David Emanuely, et al.
(författare)
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The geography of science in 12 European countries : a NUTS2-level analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer Nature. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 124:2, s. 1099-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has a long history as a global center of scientific research, but not all European regions are alike. Regions such as ile de France and the corridor that stretches from Cambridge to Oxford via London produce a disproportionate share of Europe's science output. An econometric analysis sheds light on the factors that explain the spatial distribution of European science. One result is that the regional volume of Web of Science publications depends on the regional number of researchers in higher education institutions. This is however not the only cause of high output. Universities and their surrounding regions are slowly evolving institutional structures. Some regions host universities that are more than 500 years old. A second key result is that an increase in the age of a region's oldest university is associated with greater output, other things being equal. Third, interregional accessibility via road, rail, and air networks is important for small regions, but not for large ones. Conversely, regional high-tech R&D employment is important for large but not for small regions.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Unemployment in European regions: structural problems versus the Eurozone hypothesis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - Oxford University Press : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 15:5, s. 883-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unemployment rates differ dramatically across European regions. This article analyses these differences by integrating institutional and spatial perspectives into a unified dynamic framework distinguishing between slow and fast processes of change. The framework forms the basis for an econometric model that is used to analyse labour market differences among European Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques 2 regions. The results of random-effects models indicate that four key factors—all of which are of the slowly changing type—explain a large part of the variation in unemployment as well as employment rates. Flexible labour market regulations and above-average levels of interpersonal trust are institutional factors that reduce unemployment. Accessibility factors such as inter-regional transport connectivity and local access to skilled workers have similarly substantial effects. Whether a region belongs to the Eurozone or not seems to be less important.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Guided Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1743-6095 .- 1743-6109. ; 8:10, s. 2800-2809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Men with erectile dysfunction are often worried about their condition, have interpersonal difficulties, and have a reduced quality of life. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been shown effective for a number of health problems but evidence is limited concerning the treatment of erectile dysfunction. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAim. The study investigated the effects of ICBT for erectile dysfunction. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods. Seventy-eight men were included in the study and randomized to either ICBT or to a control group, which was an online discussion group. Treatment consisted of a 7-week Web-based program with e-mail-based therapist support. Each therapist spent an average of 55 minutes per participant. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMain Outcome Measure. The International Index of Erectile Functioning five-item version was administered via the telephone at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 6 months after receiving ICBT. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. At post-treatment, the treatment group had significantly greater improvements with regard to erectile performance compared with the control group. Between-group differences at post-treatment were small (d = 0.1), but increased at the 6-month follow-up (d = 0.88). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions. This study provides support for the use of ICBT as a possible treatment format for erectile dysfunction.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 11:215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent and is associated with a substantial economic burden. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in treating IBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a new treatment alternative, internet-delivered CBT based on exposure and mindfulness exercises. Methods: Participants (N = 85) with IBS were recruited through self-referral and were assessed via a telephone interview and self-report measures on the internet. Participants were randomized to internet-delivered CBT or to a discussion forum. Economic data was assessed at pre-, post- and at 3-month and 1 year follow-up. Results: Significant cost reductions were found for the treatment group at $16,806 per successfully treated case. The cost reductions were mainly driven by reduced work loss in the treatment group. Results were sustained at 3-month and 1 year follow-up. Conclusions: Internet-delivered CBT appears to generate health gains in IBS treatment and is associated with cost-savings from a societal perspective.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: A pilot study
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 11:125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as an effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), but access to CBT therapists is limited. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is a way to increase access to CBT but has not been developed or tested for OCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate ICBT for OCD. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethod: An open trial where patients (N = 23) received a 15-week ICBT program with therapist support consisting of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring and exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), which was assessed by a psychiatrist before and immediately after treatment. Secondary outcomes were self-rated measures of OCD symptoms, depressive symptoms, general functioning, anxiety and quality of life. All assessments were made at baseline and post-treatment. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: All participants completed the primary outcome measure at all assessment points. There were reductions in OCD symptoms with a large within-group effect size (Cohens d = 1.56). At post-treatment, 61% of participants had a clinically significant improvement and 43% no longer fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of OCD. The treatment also resulted in statistically significant improvements in self-rated OCD symptoms, general functioning and depression. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: ICBT with therapist support reduces OCD symptoms, depressive symptoms and improves general functioning. Randomized trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this new treatment format.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Helena M, et al.
(författare)
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Elite football on artificial turf versus natural grass : movement patterns, technical standards, and player impressions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 26:2, s. 113-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine the movement patterns, ball skills, and the impressions of Swedish elite football players during competitive games on artificial turf and natural grass. Time - motion analyses (36 observations) and technical analyses (16 team observations) were performed and 72 male and 21 female players completed a questionnaire. No differences were observed between artificial turf and natural grass in terms of total distance covered (mean 10.19 km, s = 0.19 vs. 10.33 km, s = 0.23), high-intensity running (1.86 km, s = 0.10 vs. 1.87 km, s = 0.14), number of sprints (21, s = 1 vs. 22, s = 2), standing tackles (10, s = 1 vs. 11, s = 1) or headers per game (8, s = 1 vs. 8, s = 1), whereas there were fewer sliding tackles (P < 0.05) on artificial turf than natural grass (2.1, s = 0.5 vs. 4.3, s = 0.6). There were more short passes (218, s = 14 vs. 167, s = 12) and midfield-to-midfield passes (148, s = 11 vs. 107, s = 8) (both P < 0.05) on artificial turf than natural grass. On a scale of 0-10, where 0 = "better than", 5 = "equal to", and 10 = "worse than", the male players reported a negative overall impression (8.3, s = 0.2), poorer ball control (7.3, s = 0.3), and greater physical effort (7.2, s = 0.2) on artificial turf than natural grass. In conclusion, the running activities and technical standard were similar during games on artificial turf and natural grass. However, fewer sliding tackles and more short passes were performed during games on artificial turf. The observed change in playing style could partly explain the male players' negative impression of artificial turf.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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OR-processen : En arbetsmetod för bättre arbetsmiljö genom Ordning & Reda
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2005 och 2006 har Tema Arbetsliv inom Högskolan Dalarna genomfört ett tillämpat forskningsprojekt inom ramen för projektet ”Attraktivt Arbete”. Projektet har haft arbetsnamnet OR - 2005 och har genomförts med syfte att pröva hur en arbetsmetod för ”ordning och reda”, en metod som utvecklats för verkstadsindustrin, kan anpassas för annan verksamhet. Tio företag/organisationer har medverkat i projektet. Processarbetet hos dessa har genomförts under perioden april till november 2005. Sammanlagt har ca 65 personer aktivt medverkat i projektet. Det totala antalet personer som berörts, direkt och indirekt av processarbetet uppgår till drygt 300 personer. Resultaten visar att metoden och arbetssättet är generellt och kan användas inom många olikartade verksamheter. Den skillnad som finns, och som metodens arbetssätt stöder, är de områden och faktorer som berörs av processen inom olika branscher. Samtliga medverkande företag/organisationer har kunnat använda metoden och även uppnått en bättre ordning & reda i sitt arbetssätt och/eller sin fysiska arbetsmiljö (lokaler och verktyg). Flera av företagen/organisationerna har även beskrivit att OR-processen förbättrar det dagliga arbetet som nu löper mer effektivt efter att processen genomförts. En viktig framgångsfaktor i OR-processen ligger i det att beslutade rutiner utgår från vad man på arbetsplatsen kan vara överens om. En annan viktig framgångsfaktor bygger på det engagemang som växer ur mätningen av framåtskridandet. Detta är även en av metodens styrkor – att resultatet av processen är kopplats till engagemanget hos chef och medarbetare. OR-processen kan i sig inte beskrivas som en metod för att specifikt hantera arbetsmiljöfrågor men det visar sig att många av de rutiner som tagits upp och som man på arbetsplatserna kommit överens om ligger inom arbetsmiljöområdet. OR-processen är lätt att använda, ger tydliga och snabba resultat som uppskattas av såväl ledning som medarbetare. Nyttan uppväger väl den insats som behövs i form av tid och engagemang.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Regeringsuppdrag synfält : utredning om förutsättningar för undantag från de medicinska kraven för individer med synfältsbortfall
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I regeringsuppdraget (I2021/ 02412) framgår att VTI, i samarbete med Trafikverket och Transportstyrelsen, ska utreda förutsättningarna för undantagshantering från de medicinska föreskrifterna med avseende på synfältsbortfall (B-körkort). Vidare ska tre aspekter beaktas: hur andra länder gör, konsekvenser för den enskilde samt samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser. Slutrapporten påvisar att Sverige med gällande rättsligt ramverk inte kan genomföra de förslag som slutrapporten föreslår. Det innebär att det kommer att krävas juridiska förändringar. Givet att dessa förändringar genomförs och att ett nytt förfaringssätt nyttjas visar slutrapporten på att a) positiva effekter för den enskilde individen uppstår, b) samhällsekonomiska vinster uppstår och c) en rättssäker och rättvis prövning är möjlig. Slutrapporten redovisar dessutom hur ett urval av andra länder har hanterat handläggningen av individer med synfältsbortfall givet samma EU-direktiv som Sverige regleras av. Det framgår också av undersökningen att samtliga länder, som en förutsättning för undantag från de föreskrivna kraven avseende synfält, tillämpar krav eller rekommendationer om att ett praktiskt körprov ska utgöra del i underlaget för bedömning av körförmågan. Kunskapsläget med avseende på körförmågebedömningar för individer med synfältsbortfall redovisas och där framgår med tydlighet att perimetrin som Sverige utnyttjar som underlag för återkallelse av körkort inte kan predicera individers körförmåga. Perimetrin är dock viktig eftersom individer med synfältsbortfall som grupp kan vara olämpliga förare. Slutsatsen som forskningslitteraturen enstämmigt lyfter är att det behövs förarprov (på väg eller i en simulator) för att kunna genomföra en valid bedömning. Slutligen innehåller slutrapporten vilka problem (aktiviteter) som kvarstår för att skapa en lämplig och kvalitetssäkrad process. Dessutom presenteras den kronologiska ordning på aktiviteter som behöver genomföras. Kronologin krävs eftersom resultatet av lämplig metod och aktör påverkar det vidare arbetet med avseende på utformning av körprov och rättsligt ramverk. Slutrapportens slutsats är att Sverige har möjligheten att genomföra en förändring med avsevärda nyttor. Detta eftersom de valda aktörerna och de valda metoderna existerar idag och därför endast behöver utvecklas i viss mån för att säkerställa att individer med synfältsbortfall erbjuds en kvalitetssäkrad, rättssäker och rättvis process som dessutom bedöms vara samhällsekonomiskt lönsam.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Colloidal rare earth elements in a boreal river: Changing sources and distributions during the spring flood
- 2006
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Ingår i: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 70:13, s. 3261-3274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variations in the physico-chemical speciation of the rare earth elements (REE) have been investigated in a subarctic boreal river during an intense spring flood event using prefiltered (< 100 mu m) samples, cross-flow (ultra)filtration (CFF), flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF), and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). This combination of techniques has provided new information regarding the release and transport of the REE in river water. The colloidal material can be described in terms of two fractions dominated by carbon and iron, respectively. These two fractions, termed colloidal carrier phases, showed significant temporal changes in concentration and size distribution. Before the spring flood, colloidal carbon concentrations were low, the colloids being dominated by relatively large iron colloids. Colloidal concentrations increased sharply during the spring flood, with smaller carbon colloids dominating. Following the spring flood, colloidal concentrations decreased again, smaller carbon colloids still dominating. The REE are transported mainly in the particulate and colloidal phases. Before the spring flood, the REE composition of all measured fractions was similar to local till. During the spring flood, the REE concentrations in the colloidal and particulate fractions increased. The increase was most marked for the lighter REE, which therefore showed a strong enrichment when normalized to local till. Following the spring flood, the REE concentrations decreased again and reverted to a distribution similar to local till. These changes in the concentration and distributions of carbon iron and REE are interpreted in terms of changing hydrological flow paths in soil and bedrock which occur during the spring flood. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Reproduktion, pollination och spridning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Botanik - systematik, evolution, mångfald. - 9789144043043 ; , s. 233-276
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan om genomströmning
- 2012
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Ingår i: NU 2012. - Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avhopp och genomströmning är viktiga faktorer för högre utbildning. Studenter som börjar en utbildning bör också känna sig motiverade att fortsätta, lyckas och nå sina mål. Olika mått på avhopp och genomströmning kan också ses som indikatorer på utbildningens kvalitet (Högskoleverket, 2009). Detta är mycket viktigt för hela högre utbildningssystemet, men ses som kritiskt inom naturvetenskaplig och teknisk utbildning (Teknikdelegationen, 2010). Det finns ett uttalat behov av fler personer med civilingenjörsexamen, men andelen studenter som når examen har minskat under många år (Andersson, 2011). Denna trend har också observerats för flera andra programutbildningar (Högskoleverket & SCB, 2011).Vi har medverkat i flera olika samarbetsprojekt med mål att bland annat förstå och förbättra genomströmningen på utbildningsprogram (Marklund, 2009; Andersson, Gelin och Marklund, 2011; Andersson Chronholm och Andersson, 2011). Utifrån våra erfarenheter från dessa projekt vill vi diskutera erfarenheter och möjligheter för framtida samverkan med andra som delar vårt intresse för denna viktiga fråga. Inom de olika projekten har vi särskilt intresserat oss för tre områden:• Att mäta och visualisera genomströmningHur mäter vi genomströmning på bästa sätt? Vilka mått är viktiga? Hur kan vi visualisera genomströmning? Hur kan visualiseringen hjälpa utvecklingsarbete?• Att utforska och beskriva faktorer som påverkar genomströmningVilka verktyg använder vi för att utforska de faktorer som kan påverka genomströmning? Vilka beskrivningsmodeller finns kring genomströmning? Vilka möjligheter och begränsningar finns med dessa modeller?• Att genomföra framgångsrika insatser för att förbättra genomströmningVad kan man göra för att förbättra genomströmning på utbildningar? Hur kan insatser förbättras utifrån forskning och annan information?Vår förhoppning är att en diskussion kring dessa områden kan leda till värdefullt erfarenhetsutbyte. Vi vill också lyfta den övergripande frågan om hur olika lärosäten kan samverka kring dessa frågor och vad vi kan lära av varandra.Referenser:Andersson, S. (2011). “Identitetsresan", I Fler som kan s. 63-77. Stockholm: SkolverketAndersson, S., Gelin, B. och Marklund, B. (2011). ATTRACT - International collaboration to help students succeed. Proceedings from Utvecklingskonferens för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar 2011.Andersson Chronholm, J. & Andersson, S. (2011). Lär för din framtid - Så lyckas du med högskolestudier Lund:StudentlitteraturHögskoleverket (2009). Mått för genomströmning i utbildning på grund- och avancerad niva, Högskoleverkets rapportserie 2009:29Högskoleverket och SCB (2011). Universitet och högskolor Genomströmning och resultat på grundnivå och avancerad nivå till och med 2009/2010 Statistiska meddelanden UF20SM1103, Stockholm: SCBMarklund, B. (2009). “Hur kan genomströmningen i våra program- utbildningar mätas, presenternas och analyseras? Vilka hinder och kritiska framgångsfaktorer finns för en god genomströmning?" Proceedings from Utvecklingskonferens för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar 2009.Teknikdelegationen (2010). Vändpunkt Sverige - ett ökat intresse för matematik, naturvetenskap och IKT, Statens Offentliga Utredningar 2010:28, Stockholm
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Åke E., et al.
(författare)
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Location and spatial clustering of artists
- 2014
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Ingår i: Regional Science and Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0462 .- 1879-2308. ; 47:1, s. 128-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveys of artists' location choices show that they disproportionately reside in large cities. This paper introduces a model that attempts to explain this urban preference. The model includes four factors: access to other artists; access to consumer demand; access to service jobs; and housing affordability. These four factors are combined in a spatial equilibrium model. An equilibrium spatial distribution of artists is derived from the model and is correlated with the actual distribution among Swedish municipalities. Subsequently, the model is used for an econometric estimation of factor effects. The results show that access to other artists and local access to service jobs are important localization factors. Educated labor used as a proxy for consumer demand has a significant effect on artists' location choices.
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| 24. |
- Berglund, Anders, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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THE PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPERS INITIATIVE : SYSTEMATIC SHIFTS, SERENDIPITIES, AND SETBACKS
- 2017
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Ingår i: 13th International CDIO Conference in Calgary, Canada, June 18-22, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedagogical projects have often, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as well as elsewhere, been initiated and managed by individual enthusiasts rather than dedicated teams. This generally decreases the possibility of successful implementation of more ambitious ideas, e.g., changing educational programs, implementing the CDIO syllabus, or strengthening the pedagogical development of larger parts of the faculty. To enable wider and more effective change, KTH top management therefore launched a universityencompassing three-year project in 2014, in which a group of highly motivated teachers from all schools at KTH were appointed part-time pedagogical developers (PDs). The PDs were given the task of promoting pedagogical development and facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among faculty members, as described in two previous papers at CDIO conferences. From 2017, the outcomes of this project are supposed to be integrated parts of the KTH line organization. The project has led to numerous actions, which would have been difficult to set in motion unless given the freedom in time to explore and to develop into a collective effort rather than a myriad of individual “stand-alone” examples. By addressing key areas for pedagogical development, our group of dedicated faculty have tried to surpass the suboptimal "lock-in" of strict individual reasoning and to deal with surfaced questions and relevant issues in a broader collective manner. A major insight confirmed by the project and its many sub-projects has indeed been the fundamental importance of collegial discussions and the creation of processes that facilitate and support teacher cooperation. We have also, through discussions with faculty at KTH, confirmed the need for clearly defined, tangible incentives for teachers, motivating them to participate in pedagogical development activities, even if this means less time left for the traditional pathway to rewards within academia, i.e. research. In this paper, we chart changes that have occurred in the educational practices at KTH by describing and discussing the project’s focus on pedagogical development of faculty, actual execution of changes in the engineering educations, lessons learned along the way, and visions yet to be realised.
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| 25. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The Pedagogical Developers Initiative – Changing Educational Practices and Strengthening CDIO skills
- 2015
-
Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu, China, June 8-11 2015</em>.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper put emphasis on change agents within the universities and how local initiatives can be systematically approached and ramped up. Rooted in the challenges and constraints that have been addressed in past educational program initiatives, the case consists of specific focus areas to leverage impact. Universities continuously strives to provide the best conditions for an inspiring and prosperous learning environment, and to provide educational programs with teaching of excellent educational quality. KTH is no exception and therefore the university management has initiated a pedagogical program starting in 2014. One of the first thing initiated within the framework of this pedagogical program is the creation of a group of 24 pedagogical developers.The focus for the pedagogical developers is to facilitate the opportunities for KTHs faculty to work together and create consensus on educational development in different teaching teams. This paper presents the University's pedagogical developers' initiative as a whole and how this has been outlined in detail to reach specific redesign targets. The School of Industrial Engineering and Management pedagogical group consists of five practicing teachers that besides this new role also engage heavily in various courses of the School's departments. Since the pedagogical initiative is aligned with several important CDIO aspects, e.g. the learning environment, formats of formative feedback, assessment and examination there is also importance to reassure this in the existing Master level programs.At KTH the five-year comprehensive Master of Science in Engineering programs concern distinct vocational educations in which the CDIO aspects are very important. At the same time the programs has been divided in a basic level (B.Sc. in Engineering) of three years and a advanced level (M.Sc.) of two years. This has for instance made it harder to align the progression between first cycle level and second cycle level regarding for instance the CDIO efforts (e.g. oral and written communication, teamwork). This paper will therefore discuss and enhance how the pedagogical programme, we as pedagogical developers, can support and strengthen the initiation and implementation of the CDIO aspects in the education.
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| 26. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The pedagogical developers initiative - development, implementation and lessons learned from a systematic approach to faculty development
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016. - : Turku University. - 9789522166104 ; , s. 497-508
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic, university--wide approach to creating an encompassing movement towards faculty development. In 2014, KTH Royal Institute of Technology launched the pedagogical developers initiative, appointing part--time pedagogical developers among teachers from all schools of KTH, to implement and strengthen good teaching and learning practices among faculty and students. They are teachers active in different educational programmes, with experience of, and interest in, pedagogical issues. In line with CDIO standard 10, the purpose of the pedagogical developers’ initiative is to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange between faculty members, and to establish communities of practice. The paper presents the activities, processes for developing these activities and preliminary results from the initiative’s second year, which focused much on supporting faculty development by putting into place a series of workshops, a format chosen for its combination of active community-building learning and time efficiency. The topics of the workshops emerged to meet faculty needs identified by the pedagogical developers during the first year. The workshops were created by smaller teams of pedagogical developers from different schools of KTH. This enabled a wide array of experiences and perspectives to be incorporated into the workshops. Main focuses of the workshops have been on creating internal discussions in dynamic communities of practice on specific subjects of interest, and on creating forums for exchange of ideas, open to the whole faculty. During Autumn 2015, the workshops have been offered as voluntary add-on parts of the basic course in teaching and learning offered to faculty at KTH. This first round of workshops generated a positive interest from teachers, and participant feedback indicates that they particularly appreciated the opportunity to work directly with their own courses and the opportunity to discuss pedagogical aspects with peers.
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| 27. |
- Bjarnason, Ragnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increases in serum after the start of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:10, s. 5156-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both GH and IGF-I stimulate bone growth, but the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on the growth plate are not fully understood. We measured gene expression by microarray analysis in primary cultured human chondrocytes treated with either GH or IGF-I. One of the genes found to be up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I was that encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). This protein is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Mutations in the COMP gene have been associated with syndromes of short stature. To verify that COMP is regulated by GH in vivo, we measured COMP levels in serum in short children treated with GH. The study included 113 short prepubertal children (14 girls and 99 boys) with a mean (+/- sd) age of 8.84 +/- 2.76 yr, height sd score of -2.74 +/- 0.67, and IGF-I sd score of -1.21 +/- 1.07 at the start of GH administration. Serum levels of COMP were 1.58 +/- 0.28, 1.83 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.91 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.78 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001), and 1.70 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05) microg/ml at baseline and after 1 wk and 1, 3, and 12 months, respectively.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COMP expression is up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I in primary cultured human chondrocytes. Furthermore, serum levels of COMP increase after the start of GH treatment in short children.
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| 28. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 29. |
- Bringert, Björn, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Student Paper: HaskellDB Improved
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Haskell '04: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell. - 1581138504 ; , s. 108-115
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an improved version of the HaskellDB database library. The original version relied on TRex, a Haskell extension supported only by the Hugs interpreter. We have replaced the use of TRex by a record implementation which uses more commonly implemented Haskell extensions. Additionally, HaskellDB now supports two different cross-platform database backends. Other changes include database creation functionality, bounded string support, performance enhancements, fixes to the optimisation logic, transaction support and more fine grained expression types.
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| 30. |
- Bäckstrand, Jenny, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for customer-driven purchasing
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Operations Management at the Heart of the Recovery. - : International Annual EurOMA Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
The face you recognize may not be the one you saw : Memory conjunction errors in individuals with or without learning disability
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47:3, s. 177-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Memory conjunction errors, that is, when a combination of two previously presented stimuli is erroneously recognized as previously having been seen, were investigated in a face recognition task with drawings and photographs in 23 individuals with learning disability, and 18 chronologically age-matched controls without learning disability. Compared to the controls, individuals with learning disability committed significantly more conjunction errors, feature errors (one old and one new component), but had lower correct recognition, when the results were adjusted for different guessing levels. A dual-processing approach gained more support than a binding approach. However, neither of the approaches could explain all of the results. The results of the learning disability group were only partly related to non-verbal intelligence.
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| 32. |
- Dettmann, Tobias, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Startup Methodology for Production Flow Simulation Projects Assessing Environmental Sustainability
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2013 Winter Simulation Conference. - 9781479920761 ; , s. 1926-1937
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental impact assessments for companies and products are important to increase sales and reduceenvironmental impact. To support improvements and detailed analyses, researchers have extended the useof simulation of production flows to include sustainability performance indicators. The research casesperformed until recently lack standardized methodology and thus have comparability issues and an increasenumber of common faults. By using a common methodology and gathering best practice, futurecases can gain a lot. Especially noted by the authors is that the project startup phase is critical for success.This paper proposes a methodology to support the startup phases of simulation projects with sustainabilityaspects in production flows. The methodology is developed and applied in an automotive industry studypresented in this paper. Using a rigid project startup, such as the proposed methodology, reduces iterationsduring modeling and data collection and decreases time spent on modeling.
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| 33. |
- Drobin, Kimi, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted Analysis of Serum Proteins Encoded at Known Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Loci
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 25:2, s. 306-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have investigated the blood proteome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We characterized the serum abundance of proteins encoded at 163 known IBD risk loci and tested these proteins for their biomarker discovery potential.Methods: Based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) antibody availability, 218 proteins from genes mapping at 163 IBD risk loci were selected. Targeted serum protein profiles from 49 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 51 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 50 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals were obtained using multiplexed antibody suspension bead array assays. Differences in relative serum abundance levels between disease groups and controls were examined. Replication was attempted for CD-UC comparisons (including disease subtypes) by including 64 additional patients (33 CD and 31 UC). Antibodies targeting a potentially novel risk protein were validated by paired antibodies, Western blot, immuno-capture mass spectrometry, and epitope mapping.Results: By univariate analysis, 13 proteins mostly related to neutrophil, T-cell, and B-cell activation and function were differentially expressed in IBD patients vs healthy controls, 3 in CD patients vs healthy controls and 2 in UC patients vs healthy controls (q < 0.01). Multivariate analyses further differentiated disease groups from healthy controls and CD subtypes from UC (P < 0.05). Extended characterization of an antibody targeting a novel, discriminative serum marker, the laccase (multicopper oxidoreductase) domain containing 1 (LACC1) protein, provided evidence for antibody on-target specificity.Conclusions: Using affinity proteomics, we identified a set of IBD-associated serum proteins encoded at IBD risk loci. These candidate proteins hold the potential to be exploited as diagnostic biomarkers of IBD.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Edling, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Positron emission tomography studies of healthy volunteers : No effects on the dopaminergic terminals and synthesis after short-term exposure to toluene
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Human and Experimental Toxicology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0960-3271 .- 1477-0903. ; 16:3, s. 171-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research, the mechanisms for the effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system are still unknown. One mechanism proposed is that solvents interfere with the synthesis of neurotransmitters. In the present study 11 male healthy volunteers were exposed during 15 min to 100 p.p.m. toluene at light physical exercise, and the dopamine decarboxylase activity and number of terminals in putamen were measured before and after exposure by positron emission tomography. Two different tracers were used [beta-11C]L-DOPA for decarboxylase activity during the in vivo synthesis of dopamine, and [11C]nomifensine to estimate the number of terminals. Although there was a slight increase in the rate of dopamine synthesis in the putamen after the exposure, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.4). No effect was observed with regard to the uptake of nomifensine. There was no significant relationship between the dose of toluene and rate of dopamine synthesis, and no significant correlation between the time from end of exposure to start of the PET-camera and DOPA. Our findings indicate that short term exposure to 100 p.p.m. of toluene does not affect the rate of dopamine synthesis or the number of presynaptic terminals.
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| 36. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Can treatment with ACE-inhibitors in elderly patients with moderate to severe heart failure be improved by a nurse-monitored structured care program?
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - 0147-9563. ; 32:1, s. 3-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in elderly patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure be improved by a nurse-monitored structured care program? A randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a nurse-monitored structured care program resulted in a more effective use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in elderly patients compared with standard care in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Hospitalized patients were screened to identify individuals with CHF, age more than 65 years, New York Heart Association classification III to IV, and no contraindications to ACE inhibitor treatment. One hundred forty-five patients were randomized to a nurse-monitored structured care program that included uptitration of enalapril to a target dose of 10 mg twice a day or to standard care. Six-month follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the randomized patients was 81 years. Although the proportion of patients treated with an ACE inhibitor did not differ between structured care (70%) and standard care (64%), the number of patients with the target ACE inhibitor dose was significantly higher in the structured care group (26% versus 11% in the standard care group; P <.018). Treatment had to be discontinued in 26% of the patients because of adverse effects. CONCLUSION: The patients in this study were older than in previous intervention studies and had considerable comorbidity and reduced tolerance for ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitor treatment was underused but improved with the structured care program, although achieved treatment levels were below those in the large intervention trials in patients with CHF.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ekström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
-
Glucose-lowering treatment and clinical results in 163 121 patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish national diabetes register
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 14:8, s. 717-726
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To analyse clinical characteristics and treatment results in unselected type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with non-pharmacological treatment as well as the most commonly used pharmacological glucose-lowering treatment regimens, in everyday clinical practice. Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, information was linked from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Prescribed Drug Register and Patient Register. T2DM patients with non-pharmacological treatment and T2DM patients continuously using the 12 most common pharmacological treatment regimens were included in the study (n = 163121). Results: There were statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics between the groups. Patients with insulin-based treatment regimens had the longest duration of diabetes and more cardiovascular risk factors than the T2DM-population in general. The proportion of patients reaching HbA1c =7% varied between 70.1% (metformin) and 25.0% [premixed insulin (PMI) + SU) in patients with pharmacological treatment. 84.8% of the patients with non-pharmacological treatment reached target. Compared to patients on metformin, patients on other pharmacological treatments had a lower likelihood, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.540.63 to 0.97;0.940.99, of having HbA1c =7% (adjusted for covariates). Patients on insulin-based treatments had the lowest likelihood, while non-pharmacological treatment was associated with an increased likelihood of having HbA1c =7%. Conclusion: This nation-wide study shows insufficiently reached treatment goals for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in all treatment groups. Patients on insulin-based treatment regimens had the longest duration of diabetes, more cardiovascular risk factors and the highest proportions of patients not reaching HbA1c target.
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| 39. |
- Ericsson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical validation of a novel automated cell-free DNA screening assay for trisomies 21, 13, and 18 in maternal plasma.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Prenatal diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 1097-0223 .- 0197-3851. ; 39:11, s. 1011-1015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate clinical performance of a new automated cell-free (cf)DNA assay in maternal plasma screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and to determine fetal sex.Maternal plasma samples from 1200 singleton pregnancies were analyzed with a new non-sequencing cfDNA method, which is based on imaging and counting specific chromosome targets. Reference outcomes were determined by either cytogenetic testing, of amniotic fluid or chorionic villi, or clinical examination of neonates.The samples examined included 158 fetal aneuploidies. Sensitivity was 100% (112/112) for trisomy 21, 89% (32/36) for trisomy 18, and 100% (10/10) for trisomy 13. The respective specificities were 100%, 99.5%, and 99.9%. There were five first pass failures (0.4%), all in unaffected pregnancies. Sex classification was performed on 979 of the samples and 99.6% (975/979) provided a concordant result.The new automated cfDNA assay has high sensitivity and specificity for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and accurate classification of fetal sex, while maintaining a low failure rate. The study demonstrated that cfDNA testing can be simplified and automated to reduce cost and thereby enabling wider population-based screening.
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| 40. |
- Franzen, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
-
Draft genome sequencing of Giardia intestinalis assemblage B isolate GS : is human giardiasis caused by two different species?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 5:8, s. e1000560-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and two major Giardia genotypes, assemblages A and B, infect humans. The genome of assemblage A parasite WB was recently sequenced, and the structurally compact 11.7 Mbp genome contains simplified basic cellular machineries and metabolism. We here performed 454 sequencing to 16 x coverage of the assemblage B isolate GS, the only Giardia isolate successfully used to experimentally infect animals and humans. The two genomes show 77% nucleotide and 78% amino-acid identity in protein coding regions. Comparative analysis identified 28 unique GS and 3 unique WB protein coding genes, and the variable surface protein (VSP) repertoires of the two isolates are completely different. The promoters of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of the cyst-wall lack binding sites for encystation-specific transcription factors in GS. Several synteny-breaks were detected and verified. The tetraploid GS genome shows higher levels of overall allelic sequence polymorphism (0.5 versus <0.01% in WB). The genomic differences between WB and GS may explain some of the observed biological and clinical differences between the two isolates, and it suggests that assemblage A and B Giardia can be two different species.
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| 41. |
- Fuxelius, Hans-Henrik, 1968-
(författare)
-
Methods and Applications in Comparative Bacterial Genomics
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comparative studies of bacterial genomes, now counting in the hundreds, generate massive amounts of information. In order to support a systematic and efficient approach to genomic analyses, a database driven system with graphic visualization of genomic properties was developed - GenComp. The software was applied to studies of obligate intracellular bacteria. In all studies, ORFs were extracted and grouped into ORF-families. Based on gene order synteny, orthologous clusters of core genes and variable spacer ORFs were identified and extracted for alignments and computation of substitution frequencies. The software was applied to the genomes of six Chlamydia trachomatis strains to identify the most rapidly evolving genes. Five genes were chosen for genotyping, and close to a 3-fold higher discrimination capacity was achieved than that of serotypes. With GenComp as the backbone, a massive comparative analysis were performed on the variable gene set in the Rickettsiaceae, which includes Rickettsia prowazekii and Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agents of epidemic and scrub typhus, respectively. O. tsutsugamushi has the most exceptional bacterial genome identified to date; the 2.2 Mb genome is 200-fold more repeated than the 1.1 Mb R. prowazekii genome due to an extensive proliferation of conjugative type IV secretion systems and associated genes. GenComp identified 688 core genes that are conserved across 7 closely related Rickettsia genomes along with a set of 469 variably present genes with homologs in other species. The analysis indicates that up to 70% of the extensively degraded and variably present genes represent mobile genetic elements and genes putatively acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This explains the paradox of the high pseudogene load in the small Rickettsia genomes. This study demonstrates that GenComp provides an efficient system for pseudogene identification and may help distinguish genes from spurious ORFs in the many pan-genome sequencing projects going on worldwide.
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| 42. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome of Radical Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections Comparing Extra-anatomic Bypass with In Situ Reconstruction : A Nationwide Multicentre Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 62:6, s. 918-926
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infection (AGI) is primarily treated by resection of the infected graft and restoration of distal perfusion through extra-anatomic bypass (EAB) or in situ reconstruction/repair (ISR). The aim of this study was to compare these surgical strategies in a nationwide multicentre retrospective cohort study.Methods: The Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) was used to identify surgically treated abdominal AGIs in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017. The primary aim was to compare short and long term survival, as well as complications for EAB and ISR.Results: Some 126 radically surgically treated AGI patients were identified – 102 graft infections and 24 endograft infections – treated by EAB: 71 and ISR: 55 (23 neo-aorto-iliac systems, NAISs). No differences in early 30 day (EAB 81.7% vs. ISR 76.4%, p =.46), or long term five year survival (48.2% vs. 49.9%, p =.87) were identified. There was no survival difference comparing NAIS to other ISR strategies. The frequency of recurrent graft infection during follow up was similar: EAB 20.3% vs. ISR 17.0% (p =.56). Survival and re-infection rates of the new conduit did not differ between NAIS and other ISR strategies. Age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, confidence interval [CI] 1.1 – 14.8), coronary artery disease (OR 4.2, CI 1.2 – 15.1) and post-operative circulatory complications (OR 5.2, CI 1.2 – 22.5) were associated with early death. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy (> 3 months) was associated with reduced long term mortality (HR 0.3, CI 0.1 – 0.9).Conclusion: In this nationwide multicentre study comparing outcomes of radically treated AGI, no differences in survival or re-infection rate could be identified comparing EAB and ISR.
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| 43. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Semi-Conservative Treatment Versus Radical Surgery in Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 66:3, s. 397-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infections (AGIs) are rare complications following aortic surgery. Radical surgery (RS) with resection of the infected graft and reconstruction with extra-anatomical bypass or in situ reconstruction is the preferred therapy. For patients unfit for RS, a semi-conservative (SC), graft preserving strategy is possible. This paper aimed to compare survival and infection outcomes between RS and SC treatment for AGI in a nationwide cohort.Methods: Patients with abdominal AGI related surgery in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017 were identified. The Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration (MAGIC) criteria were used for the definition of AGI. Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.Results: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with surgically treated abdominal AGI were identified, comprising 43 SC (14 endografts; 53% with a graft enteric fistula [GEF] in total) and 126 RS (26 endografts; 50% with a GEF in total). The SC cohort was older and had a higher frequency of cardiac comorbidities. There was a non-significant trend towards lower Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC vs. RS (30.2% vs. 48.4%; p = .066). A non-significant trend was identified towards worse Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC patients with a GEF vs. without a GEF (21.7% vs. 40.1%; p = .097). There were significantly more recurrent graft infections comparing SC with RS (45.4% vs. 19.3%; p < .001). In a Cox regression model adjusting for confounders, there was no difference in five year survival comparing SC vs. RS (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 -1.5).Conclusion: In this national AGI cohort, there was no mortality difference comparing SC and RS for AGI when adjusting for comorbidities. Presence of GEF probably negatively impacts survival outcomes of SC patients. Rates of recurrent infection remain high for SC treated patients.
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| 44. |
- Gripenberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Trestad2: Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014. Rapporten publiceras av Malmö Högskola efter överenskommelse med medverkande städer för att möjliggöra citering av rapportens innehåll vid kommande slutrapport samt för att göra dess innehåll tillgängligt för andra intressenter.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Genome analysis and comparative genomics of a Giardia intestinalis assemblage E isolate.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 11, s. 543-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that causes diarrhea in a wide range of mammalian species. To further understand the genetic diversity between the Giardia intestinalis species, we have performed genome sequencing and analysis of a wild-type Giardia intestinalis sample from the assemblage E group, isolated from a pig. Results We identified 5012 protein coding genes, the majority of which are conserved compared to the previously sequenced genomes of the WB and GS strains in terms of microsynteny and sequence identity. Despite this, there is an unexpectedly large number of chromosomal rearrangements and several smaller structural changes that are present in all chromosomes. Novel members of the VSP, NEK Kinase and HCMP gene families were identified, which may reveal possible mechanisms for host specificity and new avenues for antigenic variation. We used comparative genomics of the three diverse Giardia intestinalis isolates P15, GS and WB to define a core proteome for this species complex and to identify lineage-specific genes. Extensive analyses of polymorphisms in the core proteome of Giardia revealed differential rates of divergence among cellular processes. Conclusions Our results indicate that despite a well conserved core of genes there is significant genome variation between Giardia isolates, both in terms of gene content, gene polymorphisms, structural chromosomal variations and surface molecule repertoires. This study improves the annotation of the Giardia genomes and enables the identification of functionally important variation.
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| 47. |
- Jonsson, Björn
(författare)
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Graffitins spänningsfält. En studie av graffitikultur och interventioner på en lokal arena
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the thesis is to explore and analyse graffiti in a translocal context, by asking questions about the actors' view on activity, meaning and interaction. The study has been located to a physical place, Jönköping, where actors with different interest perform graffiti-related activity. The study is based on qualitative data where participant observation and interviews form the two main methods. The study also utilizes other materials, such as newspaper articles and municipal documents. Central for the theoretical orientation is that empirical data has been collected that is first-hand information on how the actors themselves find meaning in graffiti. This implies a constructivist perspective on knowledge where meaning shifts depending on whose perspective is analysed. Theoretically, the study also is linked to Becker and his arguments that research in deviance must take notice of the interaction between actors who are perceived to deviate and those actors who respond to the deviant group.The actors consist of two main groups; graffiti writers and interveners. Graffiti writers mainly consist of young men who describe themselves as belonging to a global graffiti culture. The word “interveners” has bee selected as a generic name for actors who are involved in graffiti issues due to professional duties. Similar to the graffiti writers' interveners find the meaning in graffiti by actively select information from an “outside”, which corresponds with their professional commitment. The analysis links different approaches to perspectives of combating crime, confirming art and caring for the young men's socialisation. From those different understandings, three parallel patterns of interaction are observed. Interaction developed around graffiti as a crime has elements of a battle situation. From the graffiti writers' perspective, this fight is important when designing the local scene as an integral part of a global graffiti context. At the same time there are disadvantages managing an enemy. On a personal level, individual graffiti writers have to make an estimate how graffiti writing will affect life in the long term. Interaction developed around graffiti as an art form unites graffiti writers and interveners in an ideological consensus where graffiti can be seen as an art form that adds creative qualities to urban space. One significant difference is that the graffiti writers find the local arena as an important place. This local orientation is not necessary when actors from a cultural sector put attention on graffiti. Youth workers way of caring for graffiti writers follows a tradition of social work. This approach focuses the graffiti writers themselves and how to redirect them to accepted forms of artistic expression. The youth workers have good potential to make contact, but it seems difficult to establish long-term relations because graffiti writers themselves do not find it necessary to formalize graffiti as a scheduled activity.A conclusion made is that there is something locked up about graffiti issues because actors see graffiti from their "own" perspective, and at the same time they remain critical of alternative approaches. Somewhat contradictory to an interaction structured around distinctive perceptions, the study shows that actors express uncertainty about what they are doing. Such critical self-reflections seem to be perceived as personal objections and are not shared with others. This, together with the fact that interest in graffiti comes and goes in waves, adds ambivalence to the conflictual field of graffiti. The thesis ends with a hypothetical discussion of how the conflict level could change if graffiti would be met with a differentiated policy.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 50. |
- Kaur-Kahlon, G., et al.
(författare)
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Response of a coastal tropical pelagic microbial community to changed salinity and temperature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Aquatic Microbial Ecology. - 0948-3055 .- 1616-1564. ; 77:1, s. 37-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on the responses of tropical microbial communities to changing hydrographic conditions are presently poorly represented. We present here the results from a mesocosm experiment conducted in southwest (SW) coastal India to investigate how changes in temperature and salinity may affect a coastal tropic microbial community. The onset of algal and bacterial blooms, the maximum production and biomass, and the interrelation between phytoplankton and bacteria were studied in replicated mesocosms. The treatments were set up featuring ambient conditions (28 °C, 35 PSU), hyposalinity (31 PSU), warming (31 °C) and a double manipulated treatment with warming and hyposalinity (31 °C, 31 PSU). The hyposaline treatment had the most considerable influence manifested as significantly lower primary production, and the most dissimilar microphytoplankton species community. The increased temperature acted as a catalyst in the double manipulated treatment and higher primary production was maintained. We investigated the dynamics of the microbial community with a structural equation model approach, and found a significant interrelation between phytoplankton biomass and bacterial abundance. Using this methodology, it became evident that temperature and salinity changes, individually and together, mediate direct and indirect effects that influence different compartments of the microbial loop. In the face of climate change, we suggest that in relatively nutrient replete tropical coastal zones, salinity and temperature changes will affect nutrient assimilation with subsequent significant effects on the quantity of microbial biomass and production.
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