| 1. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Resenär - inte turist!
- 2002
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Ingår i: Resenär - inte turist!: Om ungdomar, resor och drömmar. - 0283-2976. ; årsbok 2003, s. 26-42
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Bindestrecksvänner i den relationella ekonomin
- 2023
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Ingår i: Den empiriska glädjen. En vänbok till Malin Åkerström. - 9789172674769 - 9789172674776 ; , s. 187-197
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Espersson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Creative Work in the Digital Games Industry
- 2024
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Ingår i: Creative work : Conditions, Contexts and Practices - Conditions, Contexts and Practices. - 9781032509792 ; , s. 225-240
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Creative Work and Social Innovation : The Case of Innovating in an Open-Air Museum
- 2024
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Ingår i: Creative Work : Conditions, Contexts and Practices - Conditions, Contexts and Practices. - 9781003855538 - 9781032509792 ; , s. 46-61
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The public management of urban space is an everyday practice that requires development. But how is creative work done in a public context? The idea of offering outdoor offices and outdoor conferences is being implemented in an open-air museum, owned by a middle-sized city in Sweden. This chapter focuses on their ambitions to be innovative, and the practices officials engage in, to innovate. The ethnographic material comprises interviews texts and observations. The study draws on theory on social innovation practice and on sociologist Hartmut Rosa’s concept resonance, forming an analysis of a municipality’s innovation practices as responses to change. The study finds that innovation work is presented as a more efficient use of existing resources, while it promises improved work health for the public. One conclusion is that innovation work requires communicating a culture of courage. The explored case shows the different ways in which outdoor offices and conferences are expected to create efficiency and health experiences as new potential values, proposed for citizens and visitors in the innovation practices. Doing social innovation, based on the case of outdoor offices and conferences and the concept of resonance, constitutes a response to new societal norms, such as the free choice of office workplace and place independence.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- O'Dell, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Risken att bli kvar
- 2002
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Ingår i: Resenär - Inte turist! Om ungdomar, resor och drömmar. - 0283-2976. ; , s. 154-173
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Arbete som vara eller arbete som gåva? : Om självexploatering och reproduktion av prekära arbetsförhållanden
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InledningÄven om passion för sitt arbete i allmänhet ses som något positivt, finns det en växande debatt om nackdelarna med en sådan hängivenhet. Studier av arbete inom de kreativa och kulturella sektorerna har visat hur otrygga villkor kan dölja sig bakom det övergripande epitetet "passionerat arbete", vilket ofta omfattar kreativt arbete. Fenomenet har lyfts fram som en av de dimensioner som kan dölja självexploatering och förstärka en kanske redan pågående exploatering från arbetsgivares och arbetsmarknadens sida. Denna dubbla exploatering har främst visat sig i arbete som beskrivs som personligt meningsfullt. Den här studien belyser självexploatering i passionsdrivet arbete i den svenska dataspelsindustrin. Tidigare forskning visar hur passionen för det kreativa arbetet maskerar hårda arbetsförhållanden, med ett pressat tempo och långa arbetsdagar. Även om tidigare studier har identifierat tvetydigheten i passionsdrivet arbete, vet vi fortfarande lite om hur en sådan tvetydighet upprätthålls och kanske förstärks. Vi har också begränsad kunskap om det motstånd som kan förekomma i detta sammanhang.SyfteSyftet med studien är att förstå hur kombinationen av exploatering och självexploatering (re)produceras och motverkas genom att analysera hur arbete och arbetsrelationer beskrivs av anställda inom dataspelsindustrin. MetodDet empiriska materialet består av semistrukturerade intervjuer med 23 spelutvecklare anställda i den svenska dataspelsbranschen, varav 11 kvinnor och 12 män. Därutöver har vi utfört ytterligare 6 intervjuer med personer som har god insikt i branschen, såsom representanter från fackföreningar och branschorganisationer.ResultatMed utgångspunkt i ett relationellt perspektiv inom ekonomisk sociologi identifierar analysen förväntningar och subtila normer i olika socioekonomiska utbytessystem, samt tvetydigheter och obalanser när normerna för gåvoutbyte och marknadsutbyte ställs mot varandra. Genom det analytiska begreppsparet "arbete som gåva kontra arbete som vara" belyser studien de interaktiva sociala processer genom vilka självexploatering upprätthålls samt ifrågasätts och motarbetas. Resultatet visar att även om arbete som utförs inom ramen för en anställning kan betraktas som en vara i en strukturell mening, bör det inte enbart betraktas som en vara. Ömsesidighet i vänskap och utbyte av tjänster finns såväl inom som bortom de formella arbetsrelationerna. I studien belyses den interaktiva dynamiken i vänskaps- och kollegiala utbyten, genom berättelser om gåvor i form av tjänster som återgäldas respektive inte återgäldas, samt självanklagelser och skuldbeläggande. Obalansen mellan olika former av socioekonomiskt utbyte väcker kritiska reflektioner kring arbetets värde, vilket i sin tur kan leda till att anställda protesterar mot arbetsförhållandena och eventuellt också lämnar branschen.
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| 12. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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Art as a "thing-in-between": Negotiating boundaries and values in an art circuit event
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tourist Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-7976 .- 1741-3206. ; 9:1, April, s. 42-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By introducing the analytical concept ‘thing-in-between’, in other words a mediating entity acting from a border position between dual categories, the dynamics and processes of value creation and boundary work in an art circuit event in the south of Sweden is analysed. Drawing on nondualistic notions of the social-material world and more specifically on two paths of the works of Georg Simmel — his sociological theory of value and his concept of the triad as a social form — it is argued that art objects act as the third part in the art circuit experience. As intermediaries with subjective as well as objective qualities, they (re)order boundaries in the cultural/economic nexus of the art-trail: between the commercial and non-commercial; the public and private; between and among consumers and visitors, and between gazing and doing/touching modes of experiencing. Through the boundary work of the art circuit, three types of value emerge: ‘aesthetic consumption’, ‘vicarious life style consumption’, and ‘the value of being together’. It is further argued that these values are more or less socially consolidated, and more or less articulated in different communicative contexts, thus pointing at the situated, performative character of value construction.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Att leva och sälja sin dröm - livsstilsföretagaren mellan familjeliv, marknad och politisk retorik
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. - : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 2002-066X .- 0038-0342. ; 51:2, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article focuses on lifestyle entrepreneurship, characterised by a balancing work between personal lifestyle motives and economic motives. It builds on a qualitative study of business owners who have realized a life dream of starting a countryside business in the tourism and hospitality industry in Sweden. Through the notion of "balancing work", the analysis focuses on the tension between a personal life sphere and a market. In particular, the analysis highlights how the notion of "the life dream" emerges as a narrative practice of self-realization, simultaneously as it is offered as an experience product. The analysis demonstrates how the entrepreneurs balance between personal stories of togetherness and marketing practices, between images of right and wrong commodification, and between constraining working conditions and a popular image of the successful entrepreneur, reinforced by a political discourse on rural entrepreneurship. It is concluded that balancing work between personal identities and economic practices is a practice of valuation, offering new insights into working conditions and markets situated in the intersection between markets and personal life spheres.
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| 15. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Bed, Breakfast and Friendship: Intimacy and Distance in Small-scale Hospitality Businesses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. Journal of Current Cultural Research. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 2, s. 365-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through an analysis of the narrative of a Bed and Breakfast (B & B) and art gallery owner, the emergence of intimacy as a commercial value in the hospitality industry is illustrated. This is a formation of economic value where economic rationality as a motive for commercial activity is rejected. Simultaneously though, a different set of market attitudes are performed by hospitality practitioners in the course of everyday interactions with customers, and a tension between emotional, spatial and temporal intimacy and distance is uncovered and discussed. It is concluded that commercial friendship is a more complex issue than what has been acknowledged so far in the hospitality literature. A continued discussion of intimacy in hospitality will therefore affect the cultural understanding of emotions, identity and lifestyle values on the one hand, and business strategy, value creation and markets on the other.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Commodification of recreational hunting in Sweden : hunting tourism experiences as ‘peculiar goods’
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper is based on a study of hunting tourism enterprising in Sweden. The study examines how hunting tourism businesses in Sweden navigate in a complex social, economic and moral environment. The aim of the present paper is to identify how tensions between a market- oriented value sphere and a value sphere based on friendship- and community reciprocity are played out in hunting tourism entrepreneurship. In particular, the study focuses on the ambiguous character of the hunting experience product and the different narratives and discourses framing what is considered, by the actors themselves, to be a ‘good’ hunting tourism experience.
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| 18. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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De gränslösa svinen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gränsløs: med fokus på gränser, regioner och Öresund. - 2001-4961. ; :11, s. 42-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Decommodification as a socially embedded practice: The example of lifestyle enterprising in animal-based tourism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Degrowth and Tourism : New Perspectives on Tourism Entrepreneurship, Destinations and Policy - New Perspectives on Tourism Entrepreneurship, Destinations and Policy. - 9780367335656
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of degrowth in tourism have shed light on the phenomenon of lifestyle entrepreneurship, often highlighting these businesses as examples of alternative, non-growth oriented production. This chapter focuses on two examples of lifestyle oriented animal-based tourism in Sweden: horse-related tourism and hunting tourism. It is argued that these enterprises are engaged in decommodification practices, although the individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily identify with an ideologically or politically ‘alternative’ or non-growth position. It is argued that decommodification, or resistance to commodification, is a socially embedded practice. The analysis demonstrates how a non-growth orientation is related to the way passion and responsibility for animals, nature and professional skill is narrated and performed, and how economic valuation and exchange is socially organized and culturally understood within the enterprise and in the operators´ social network. The analysis sheds light on the role of favour exchanges in friendship networks and how gift-economic exchanges are intertwined with market relationships.
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| 20. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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Det extraordinäras lockelse : Luffarturistens bilder och upplevelser
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation, The Attraction of the Extraordinary - Images and Experiences Among Backpacker Tourists, is a study based on informal interviews with predominantly Swedish independent travellers, as well as observations and documentary analysis of the backpacker subculture. Backpacking is a type of tourism which has been gradually institutionalized. Through the institutionalization of the backpacker culture, social norms and typifications are crystallized and an image of the ideal trip is constructed, embracing experiences of adventure and participation in local cultures. Implicit in these qualities are the search for "the authentic" (in an existential as well as an essential sense). The "pure and unspoiled" is one aspect of authenticity, which seems to have a mythical, undisputed, quality. It is suggested that this mythical quality is maintained through the ritual, playful, nature of the tourist trip. However, the backpacker´s search for the ideal travel experience is continually frustrated through the institutionalization and commodification of this type of tourism. Such conditions are the points of departure of the analysis. The classical works of Georg Simmel have been a main theoretical source of inspiration. The trip is described and analysed as an extraordinary life sphere, continually contrasted to the traveller´s ordinary home-bound life. The main purpose of the study is to analyse how, in their talk and actions, the travellers reproduce this dichotomy. By this contrasting activity, a distance to the extraordinary sphere is maintained, even though, paradoxically, the travellers seek to overcome the distance through their quest for authentic experiences. The contradictory conditions of the traveller are analysed in three contrasting pairs of terms: the "Planned unexpectedness", the "Attraction of hardship" and "Intimacy at a distance". Another purpose of the study is to analyse how the image of the extraordinary - with the quest for authenticity as an example - is socially constructed. A specific type of social interaction - the triad - is analysed, consisting of "the traveller", "the 'other' tourists" and "the locals". The symbolic value of money, as an important means in the interaction of the triad, is discussed. The role of photography is analysed as an other important means for the traveller to frame the extraordinary sphere. The framing occurs on two levels: in the situation where the traveller takes the photograph, and when showing the photos back home, when the trip is over. Another way for the traveller to reproduce the dichotomy analysed in this study, is the collector´s attitude. The traveller´s search for new and unique experiences is encouraged by other travellers - often within a competitive framework - as well as within a larger social framework.
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| 21. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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Effective emotions - the enactment of a work ethic in the Swedish meeting industry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. Journal of Current Cultural Research. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 2, s. 381-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The meeting industry – an encompassing term for services related to various kinds of professional meetings, from mega-conventions to the ordinary work meetings – is increasingly consolidated and legitimated as a specific sector in the service in-dustry. New professions such as meeting designers, meeting facilitators and meet-ing consultants are emerging, promoting new knowledge in this field. By focuss-ing on processes and social interaction, and highlighting emotional dimensions of meetings, these professions pave the way for new modes of conceptualising and practising professional relationships. The intangible, emotional and playful di-mensions of social interactions are promoted as effective means to achieve eco-nomic goals, thus highlighting a professional ideal that is here called “effective emotions”. The aim of this article is to show how the work ethic promoted by the meeting industry encourages new intersections, and tensions, between the ideali-sation of the tangible/measurable/rational on the one hand and the intangi-ble/emotional/magical on the other hand, and between working life and intimate spheres. Through a discourse analysis of a Swedish corporate meeting magazine, it is shown how the distinction between work and leisure is dissolved in this specific work culture, and by this, it is discussed how the meeting profession acts as a normative regulator by reinforcing ideal ways of being and interacting with others. Creativity, personal growth, reflexivity and flexibility are enacted as idealised personal assets as well as moral imperatives in the discourse of the meeting pro-fession and through the practices of various meeting techniques, thus reinforcing not merely a professional ethic but cultural ideals of being as a person as well. It is also suggested that this reinforcement may, under certain circumstances, turn into its opposite and undermine the promoted ideals, thus pointing at the importance to pinpoint the dynamic and situated tension between economic rationality and emotional intensity.
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| 22. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Resonance
- 2015
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Ingår i: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Quality and the Service Economy. - 9781452256726 ; , s. 195-197
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Framing sustainability in recreational hunting
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recreational hunting evokes emotions and could be described as a contested space. The paper presents a study of recreational hunting in Sweden, focusing on accounts and narratives from ethnographic interviews with hunting tourism operators. It discusses how the notion of sustainability permeates and frames moral accounts of hunting practices, game meat, wildlife management, business ethics, animal welfare and human well-being.Through the analytical lens of ‘moral gatekeeper’, the hunting tourism operators are depicted as acting from a social position where they navigate in a space of tensions. By focusing on accounts, we focus on the mode in which the social reality is explained, narrated and justified. In this mode, we can discern different voices or counternarratives in the operators’ accounts as they relate to various positions (sometimes conflicting) and opinions of other stakeholders within the hunting community as well as in the general public.The analysis demonstrates how the operators balance different norms and practices of recreational hunting, wildlife management, and how they talk about ‘good business’. It shows how the notion of sustainability is used in an amorphous way, as an undercurrent or explicitly articulated. For instance, it is discernible in accounts of the culture of ‘Allmogejakt’ as a traditional, democratic form of hunting and how it relates to commercial hunting; in the valuation and critical negotiation of different forms of hunting styles and practices related to the game meat; in ideals and norms of hunting business ethics, and in accounts of human well-being and the role of nature.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Gränsdragning och ansvarsförskjutning i dataspelsbranschen
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En av de snabbast växande kreativa branscherna i Sverige är dataspelsbranschen. En konsekvens av den snabba tillväxten är att branschen upplever stora utmaningar med sin kompetensförsörjning. I branschen finns därför en risk att arbetsbelastningen blir hög och att rimliga arbetsvillkor frångås. I Nordamerika och Storbritannien där branschen etablerades tidigare än i Sverige har ett antal studier gjorts på spelutvecklares arbetsvillkor. Studierna pekar på en arbetsintensiv bransch i kombination med otrygga anställningsvillkor, därutvecklarnas kreativitet och egna intressen i dataspel används som argument för långa arbetsdagar och en förväntad hängivenhet åt pågående projekt. Forskningen visar vidare att det finns förväntningar på ett ökat individualiserat ansvar, arbetsintensifiering, otrygga anställningar och förväntningar på de anställdas personligheter. Det finns en normerande föreställning om det "passionerade arbetet", där ideal om kreativ frihet och personlig utveckling legitimerar arbete utan eller med ringa ekonomisk kompensation. Att belysa dataspelsbranschen har en generell relevans för att förstå dagens arbetsliv, i synnerhet för den kreativa sektorn men också för branscher där normer och strukturer omförhandlas. Analyser av normerande faktorer kring arbetet, arbetsvillkoren, och branschen kan visa hur vissa arbetsuppgifter synliggörs eller osynliggörs; hur formella respektive informella strukturer formas och blir styrande; hur balansen mellan arbete och ledighet förstås och förhandlas; hur gränser mellan individualiserat arbete och kollektivt skapande och arbetsgemenskaper dras.Syftet med föreliggande paper är att fördjupa kunskapen om den svenska dataspelsbranschens arbetsvillkor och arbetskultur. Materialet består av djupintervjuer med spelutvecklare som är verksamma i Sverige. Vi studerar hur det kreativa arbetet värderas av spelutvecklarnas själva, hur kreativt arbete och den kreativa processen beskrivs, samt hur det ställs i relation till förväntningar om ekonomiska förutsättningar och lönsamhet. Med utgångspunkt i Viviana Zelizers begrepp "relational work" analyseras vilka gränsdragningar som markeras eller suddas ut mellan olika värdesfärer – moraliska och ekonomiska. Vi belyser även hur upplevelsen av ansvar för arbetet förhandlas och förflyttas till eller från den anställda själv. Det synliggör den kontextbundna dynamiken kring individualisering av ansvar, illustrerat genom begreppet ”ansvarsgörande” eller ”responsibilization”.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Jaktturism : avvägningar, utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jaktturism anses ofta spela en viktig roll i hållbar landsbygdsutveckling. Turismen kan skapa arbeten, samt bidra till att traditioner och miljöer bevaras. En kommersiell jakt som riktar sig till lokala såväl som inresande jägare kan innebära att viltet kan användas som resurs på flera och nya sätt. När jakten ramas in och paketeras som turismprodukt, där boende, måltider och guidning ingår, kan jaktens värde som holistisk naturupplevelse bli mer uttalat. Att arbeta med och utveckla kommersiell jaktturism innebär emellertid en del utmaningar. Det är en typ av verksamhet som är inflätad i relationer och sociala sammanhang som inte främst karaktäriseras av en marknadslogik, utan av ett ansvar för förvaltning av både natur och kulturarv, samt ett upprätthållande av sociala relationer och ömsesidiga utbyten. Den som bedriver en jaktturismverksamhet behöver därför navigera på en komplex arena. Jaktturismen karaktäriseras av ständiga etiska och moraliska överväganden, i relation till viltet men också till kunder, andra företagare, grannar och markägare. Det här synliggör ideologiska, politiska och ekonomiska spänningar, både bland jägare själva och mellan jägare och andra aktörer i samhället. Den här studien visar vilka betydelser och värden jaktturismföretagare själva tillskriver sitt företag och sin produkt, samt hur de arbetar med service, relationer och iscensättning av jaktupplevelser. Projektet är framför allt baserad på ett heterogent urval av 30 samtalsintervjuer med 28 företagare från olika delar av Sverige med fokus på företagarnas egna berättelser och redovisningar. Studien lyfter fram begreppen ”balansarbete” och ”moralisk ekonomi” vilket synliggör jaktföretagandets relationsarbete i en komplex ekonomi, där många hänsyn och avvägningar – ekonomiska, moraliska och sociala – görs i det vardagliga arbetet. Resultatet av analysen sammanfattas i följande teman: Jaktturismens olika värden, Att iscensätta en jaktupplevelse, Jaktföretagandets relationsarbete. Avslutningsvis diskuteras betydelsen av att förstå jaktturismen som en moralisk ekonomi, samt hur begreppet ”tjänstefiering” kan användas för att belysa jaktturismen som upplevelsenäring.
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| 28. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Jaktturism - ett delikat balansarbete i en komplex ekonomi
- 2022
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Ingår i: RIG Kulturhistorisk Tidskrift. - 0035-5267. ; :3, s. 129-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recreational hunting in Sweden can be depicted as being embedded in two different but overlapping cultural and socio-economic contexts. One is the traditional stewardship-oriented form of hunting, in Swedish called ‘allmoge’ hunting. Another form is the commercial form of hunting, where hunting is packaged and offered to visitors, quite often with different types of services included. These two forms of organising hunting are based on different logics of exchange. The ‘allmoge’ hunting is in general terms organised by local communities of hunters or through ‘friendship hunting’, a reciprocal relationship encompassed by the local hunting team and invited guests. The other is market-oriented, with differing range of price depending on the segment. These two systems represent different value spheres that both intersect and collide, creating tensions and ambiguity, which serves as the context and backdrop of this study. The study is based on interviews with commercial hunting tourism operators, observations of hunting events, and documentary material. The article focuses on how these commercial actors navigate in this complex social and cultural economy. Through the theoretical concept “balancing work” narratives and accounts related to the following themes are being analysed: 1) Gift economic exchanges and how they intersect with market relations, 2) the tension between wildlife management and commerce, 3) the different and often seemingly contradictory meanings of “the good hunting experience”, and 4) the dramaturgy involved in the balancing work of the hunting event. The paper concludes with a synthesising analysis, theorizing around the hunting tourism product as a form of “peculiar goods”, that is, a type of product that comprises moral ambiguity and hence must be legitimised as a “product”. This points at a complex economy where economic arguments are always embedded in social and moral considerations, evoking an ongoing and dynamic balancing work.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Letter from Erika Andersson Cederholm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Women's voices in tourism research : Contributions to knowledge and letters to future generations - Contributions to knowledge and letters to future generations. - 9781742723570 ; , s. 477-478
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle enterprising in tourism and hospitality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Women's voices in tourism research : Contributions to knowledge and letters to future generations - Contributions to knowledge and letters to future generations. - 9781742723570 ; , s. 69-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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Lifestyle enterprising: the "ambiguity work" of Swedish horse-farmers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Community, Work and Family. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 18:3, s. 317-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article introduces the concept of ambiguity work as a specific form of work-life balancing performed when making a livelihood based on leisure interests and a personal lifestyle. The study focuses on female self-employed horse-farmers in Sweden involved in service work with and through horses. Through an analysis of narratives and practices of this service work, based on ethnographic interviews and observations, boundary negotiations of various social spheres are discernible: Work and life, and the commercial and the personal. The analysis shows that the horse-farmers perform a delicate and ongoing balancing act between family interests, individual leisure and paid work. Drawing on the notion of sociological ambivalence, it is suggested that this balancing act does not strive for demarcations, but rather to stay betwixt-and-between social spheres. It is argued that lifestyle enterprising is enacted and confirmed through ongoing boundary negotiations, or ambiguity work, that sustains a tension between keeping and blurring social boundaries. It is further argued that ambiguity work in this type of lifestyle enterprising both reinforces and questions ideals and norms concerning small business management and professional versus non-professional relationships.
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| 33. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle Entrepreneurship and Commercial Home
- 2015
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Ingår i: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Quality and the Service Economy. - 9781452256726 ; , s. 380-383
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Moraliska gränsdragningar i arbetet som spelutvecklare
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dataspelsbranschen beskrivs som både en kulturell näring och som en del av tech-industrin. De olika beskrivningarna ger skilda associationer och illustrerar branschens många sidor. Det är också illustrativt för arbetet som spelutvecklare, vilket ofta beskrivs som en skärningspunkt mellan såväl konstnärligt arbete och teknik, som mellan kultur och kommers. I ett pågående forskningsprojekt om spelutvecklares arbetsvillkor har vi visat hur spelutvecklare drivs av passion och av hängivenheten av att få skapa spel, och hur det ”rena” skapandet framhålls som viktigare än att tjäna pengar. Det kreativa arbetet tillskrivs ofta ett egenvärde och värderas högre än kommersiella värden, vilket kan förstås som en slags moralisk gränsdragning. I det här pappret utforskar vi vilka ytterligare moraliska gränsdragningar som görs i relation till skapandet av spel och arbetets organisatoriska förutsättningar, för att bidra med fördjupad förståelse för spelutvecklares arbetsvillkor. Vårt material består av djupintervjuer med 25 spelutvecklare och i analysen fokuserar vi på vilka moraliska dilemman som framträder och hur spelutvecklarna navigerar och förhåller sig till dessa. Resultatet visar att gränsförhandlingar sker såväl i relation till vilken typ av spel som man vill skapa som under vilka förhållanden och villkor som arbetet utförs. Det handlar dels om hur man förhåller sig till att skapa så kallade ”pengar- eller casinospel” eller ”first personshooter” spel; dels om under vilka villkor man är beredd att arbeta, exempelvis övertidsarbete, bristande jämställdhet eller avsaknad av kollektivavtal.
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| 36. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Pengar och turism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pengar - människan och hennes betalningsmedel. - 9144019688 ; , s. 95-117
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Performing ambiguous policy : How innovation events simultaneously perform change and collaborative order
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sociological Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0038-0261 .- 1467-954X. ; 68:6, s. 1403-1419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyse how innovation policy is staged and legitimised through the dramatised social process of an event. The context is taken from an annual event, Skåne Innovation Week, which is arranged by the regional innovation system in Skåne, Sweden. Innovation systems often organise similar events internationally, which appear to play a key role in performing inter-organisational collaboration between actors from the public sector, industry and research, as well as manifesting belief in the globalised imaginaries of innovation systems. Through the analytical lens of the event as a social drama, the article examines how the event – and thus, innovation policy – is represented in commemorative films and website documents through which three meeting practices are identified: mingling and hanging out, scripted meeting models and spatial staging. The article argues that these meeting practices and their performed interactive social forms sustain the vagueness and ambiguity inherent in innovation policy, particularly between stability and change. The event can be viewed as a form of performative government that maintains a political order while simultaneously hailing its practices as transformative.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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Relational Work in Lifestyle Enterprising : Sustaining the Tension Between the Personal and the Commercial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Kultura i Spoleczenstwo. - 0023-5172. ; :4, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the negotiated distinction between commercial and non-commercial spheres of life through the phenomenon of lifestyle entrepreneurship. Lifestyle entrepreneurship is a concept used for a form of self-employment, based on the business owner´s own hobby or lifestyle. The article is based on a study of lifestyle enterprising in the tourism and hospitality industries in southern Sweden. The study comprises ethnographic interviews, field observations, and go-alongs with owners of small businesses that can be described as commercial homes, such as bed & breakfast and farm stay. The article uses the context of lifestyle entrepreneurs to theorize and discuss the dynamics of blurring and/or marking the distinction between personal and commercial relations. The theoretical point of departure is the notion of relational work in combination with the notion of sociological ambivalence. By combining these two strands of literature it is argued that the business owners´ narrative practices sustain ambiguity and blurred boundaries, rather than draw lines, between commercial and non-commercial spheres. It is also argued that lifestyle-oriented work identity constructs a friendship-oriented form of service encounter, reinforced by a market where emotional closeness emerges as an experience product.
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| 40. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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”Samverkan är ju hela tiden, överallt” : samverkan som gränsobjekt i akademin
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk, Nordic Open Scholarly Publishing (NOASP). - 2535-7697. ; 14:1, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hur och i vilken omfattning högre lärosäten (universitet och högskolor) i Sverige samverkar med samhället har debatterats i media såväl som i forskningen. Denna artikel belyser den formaliseringsprocess som skett i kölvattnet av nya regleringar och politiska krav på samverkan. I studien analyseras officiella dokument och intervjuer med universitetsanställda vid två svenska lärosäten. Analysen fokuserar på begreppet samverkan som ett gränsobjekt och belyser den mångtydighet som kännetecknar den rådande formaliseringen. Strävan efter definitioner och operationaliseringar av samverkan ger upphov till många specifika och lokala tolkningar; av begreppet som sådant, hur samverkanskompetens ska definieras och hur samverkans genomslag ska mätas. I artikeln diskuteras nackdelarna med formaliseringsprocesser som drivs för långt och som kan bidra till att samverkan förvandlas till ett självändamål.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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The seduction of an event : Hospitality in the regional innovation system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fika, Hygge and Hospitality : The Cultural Complexity of Service Organisation in the Öresund Region - The Cultural Complexity of Service Organisation in the Öresund Region. - 9789170613029 ; :39, s. 131-150
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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The Service Triad: Modelling Dialectic Tensions in Service Encounters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 30:2, s. 265-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY: Models of service encounters are often fraught by reductionism, describing business relationships as mathematical combinations of dyadic constellations. Metaphors of ideal social relationships (marriages or friendships) are highlighted to stress normative aspects of equal, balanced and long-term business partnerships. However, these approaches are limited in their analytical sensitivity, as they cannot address the complexity of multipart relationships, where meanings, roles and relationships are continuously constructed and reconstructed. In order to understand the ambivalent quality of business interactions, this article analyses the corporate travel market by applying Georg Simmel’s depiction of the triad as a specific social form. Triadic constellations and more complex service networks involve dialectic tensions, simultaneously exhibiting loyalty and disloyalty, trust and distrust, empowerment and disempowerment. It is argued that a qualitative methodology is more adequate approach to grasp such dynamic and contextual social realities, because (opposed to a quantitative approach) it is not confined to operate with mutually exclusive analytical categories.
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| 45. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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The servitization of game meat: recreational hunting in-between wildlife care and holistic tourist experiences
- 2023
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Ingår i: 31st Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research – Book of Abstracts. - 9789189786370
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim The paper is based on a study of hunting tourism enterprising in Sweden. The paper demonstrates how game meat is ascribed different, sometimes conflicting values in the moral economy of commercial hunting and identifies an emerging process of servitization of the game meat. Recreational hunting in Sweden can be described as embedded in two different but overlapping cultural and socio-economic contexts. One is the traditional non-commercial and stewardship-oriented form of hunting, folk hunting or ‘allmoge’ hunting. It is characterised by a democratic hunting tradition, where the local hunting team is ascribed a main role in wildlife management. These teams often include the landowner, or the landowner may receive either monetary compensation or a proportion of the meat as payment. Another form is the commercial form of hunting, where hunting is packaged and offered to visiting hunters, quite often with services such as accommodation and food included. These different contexts underpin how the value of hunting is being described by hunters themselves; as wildlife care, subsistence hunting (for meat), community togetherness, cultural heritage, recreation, sport, holistic nature experience, or as a sustainable lifestyle consumption (where the game meat is the main ingredient). The differing values and descriptions of hunting reflects the increasingly multifaceted social characteristics of hunters. Due to demographic factors and urbanization, an increasing number of hunters do not have hunting family background and do not have access to land based on ownership or personal networks. New groups of hunters (including an increasing number of women) form a potential tourism market since they are travelling elsewhere for recreational hunting and are often consuming hunting experiences in a packaged form. Consequently, an increasing proportion of hunters may not be socialized in a subsistence-oriented form of recreational hunting where taking care of the meat is a locally based tradition and common knowledge. The tradition of consuming and circulating game meat, which is common in traditional community hunting, may be facing a social and cultural shift, in line with new hunting traditions and practices emerging with new groups of hunters, and a potential marketization of game meat experiences.The aim of the paper is to highlight different values related to game meat in connection to hunting, and to discuss the tensions embedded in these values. In particular, the study focuses on the ambiguous character of the hunting experience product, the process of commodifying hunting experiences and how the game meat are becoming servitized in this process. MethodologyThe study is based on ethnographic interviews with 30 operators/owners of hunting businesses based in Sweden, observations of hunting events, and document analysis of hunting media. By analysing the interviewees accounts, we focus on the mode in which the social reality is explained, narrated and justified (Scott & Lyman, 1968). In this mode, we can also discern many different voices or counternarratives in the interviewees’ accounts as they relate to various, sometimes conflicting, positions and opinions of other stakeholders, such as customers, competitors, authorities, landowners, as well as the public.Theory and preliminary results: The role of meat in the moral economy of recreational huntingIn the Nordic countries, such as Sweden and Denmark, the public is generally supportive of recreational hunting, particularly if it has a utilitarian dimension and if the meat is considered being taken care of (Gamborg & Söndergaard Jensen, 2017; Kagervall, 2014; Ljung, Riley, & Ericsson, 2015; Willebrand, 2009). However, commercialization of hunting is a controversial area, also among hunters themselves. Studies from Norway (Oian & Skogen, 2016) and Finland (Nygård & Uthardt, 2011) and a comparison between Finland and Scotland (Watts, Matilainen, Kurki, & Keskinarkaus, 2017) have shown a similar pattern of ‘frictional resistance’ (Watts et al., 2017) in the local and dominant hunting culture towards hunting tourism. Also studies in Swedish contexts (Dahl & Sjöberg, 2010; Gunnarsdotter, 2005; Kagervall, 2014; Willebrand, 2009) point at a similar direction and have highlighted an ambivalence among hunters towards commercial hunting tourism. In previous publications, we have analysed how these differing, sometimes oppositional, views and traditions among hunters is related to different logics and forms of exchange, highlighting a tension between different value spheres (Andersson Cederholm & Sjöholm, 2020, 2021, 2022). The ‘allmoge’ hunting is in general terms organised by local communities of hunters or through ‘friendship hunting’ a reciprocal relationship where friends are invited to hunt with a team, and the meat is circulated among the hunters and their families. The other is market-oriented, arranging hunting events for visitors/tourists, with differing range of price depending on the segment. These two systems represent different value spheres that both intersect and collide, creating tensions and ambiguity. This is a tension that may be even reinforced considering the circumstance that hunting, as a consumptive form of wildlife tourism (cf. Lovelock, 2008), highlights ethical aspects and can thus be considered to be a morally-contested area (Cohen, 2014; von Essen, 2018). The analysis departs from literature in economic sociology on the moral economy (cf. Thompson, 1971) and the notion of ‘peculiar goods’ – a specific type of commodity that evokes moral doubt or ambiguity when commodified (Fourcade, 2011). This is the kind of goods that must find legitimacy as ‘products’ (Beckert & Aspers, 2011). This present paper builds on previous analyses and investigates how experiences of game meat are being narrated and promoted by hunting operators as well as hunters themselves. In particular, the paper discusses how the notion of sustainable meat is being servitized, that is, promoted and packaged as an experience to be consumed. For instance, there are emerging entrepreneurial activities related to the game meat initiated by small businesses such as events and courses in cutting meat as well as meal experiences that includes hunting, preparing and cooking the meat. These initiatives can also be seen among non-commercial actors such as local hunting associations. It is demonstrated how the concept “servitization” (Vandermerwe & Rada, 1988) may explain and point at emerging forms of hunting tourism services with the meat as the focal point, while simultaneously shed light on the delicate balancing work and ongoing negotiations in a moral economy where economic values are intertwined and balanced towards social and moral values. ReferencesAndersson Cederholm, Erika & Carina Sjöholm (2022). Jaktturism – ett delikat balansarbete i en komplex ekonomi. RIG Kulturhistorisk tidskrift, nr 3: 129-146. Andersson Cederholm, E., & Sjöholm, C. (2021). The tourism business operator as a moral gatekeeper – the relational work of recreational hunting in Sweden. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1922425 Andersson Cederholm, E., & Sjöholm, C. (2020). Decommodification as a socially embedded practice: The example of lifestyle enterprising in animal-based tourism. In M. Hall, L. Lundmark, & J. J. Zhang (Eds.), Degrowth and Tourism: New Perspectives on Tourism Entrepreneurship, Destinations and Policy. London and New York: Routledge.Beckert, J., & Aspers, P. (Eds.). (2011). The Worth of Goods: Valuation and Pricing in the Economy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Cohen, E. (2014). Recreational Hunting: Ethics, Experiences and Commoditization. Tourism Recreation Research, 39(1). Fourcade, M. (2011). Cents and Sensibility: Economic Valuation and the Nature of “Nature”. American Journal of Sociology, 116(6), 1721-1777. Gamborg, C., & Söndergaard Jensen, F. (2017). Attitudes towards recreational hunting: A quantitative survey of the general public in Denmark. Journal of Outdoor Recreaton and Tourism, 17, 20-28. Gunnarsdotter, Y. (2005). Från Arbetsgemenskap till Fritidsgemenskap: Den svenska landsbygdens omvandling ur Locknevis perspektiv. (Doctoral thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. Kagervall, A. (2014). On the conditions for developing hunting and fishing tourism in Sweden. (Doctoral thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå. Ljung, P. E., Riley, S. J., & Ericsson, G. (2015). Game Meat Consumption Feeds Urban Support of Traditional Use of Natural Resources. Society & Natural Resources, 28(6), 657-669.Lovelock, B. (Ed.) (2008). Tourism and the Consumption of Wildlife: Hunting, Shooting and Sport Fishing. New York: Routledge. Nygård, M., & Uthardt, L. (2011). Opportunity or Threat? Finnish Hunters´ Attitudes to Hunting Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 383-401. Oian, H., & Skogen, K. (2016). Property and Possession: Hunting Tourism and the Morality of Landownership in Rural Norway. Society & Natural Resources, 29(1), 104-118. Scott, B. M., & Lyman, M. S. (1968). Accounts. American Sociological Review, 33(1), 46-62. Thompson, E. P. (1971). The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century. Past & Present (50), 76-136. Vandermerwe, S. & Rada, J. (1988). Servitization of Business: Adding Value by Adding Services. European Management Journal, 6(4), 314-324.von Essen, E. (2018). The impact of modernization on hunting ethics: Emerging taboos among contemporary Swedish hunters. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 23(1), 21-38. Watts, D., Matilainen, A., Kurki, S. P., & Keskinarkaus, S. (2017). Hunting cultures and the ´northern periphery´: Exploring their relationship in Scotland and Finland. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 255-265. Willebrand, T. (2009). Promoting hunting tourism in north Sweden: opinions of local hunt
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| 46. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
The tourism business operator as a moral gatekeeper : The relational work of recreational hunting in Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 31:5, s. 1126-1141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article analyses how hunting tourism businesses in Sweden navigate in the nexus between moral and economic value spheres. Through the analytical lens of ‘moral gatekeeper’, the business operators are depicted as acting from a position where they navigate in a contested space. The analysis demonstrates how the operators balance different norms and practices of recreational hunting, wildlife management, business ethics and customer expectations. The study is based on ethnographic interviews with business operators, observations of hunting arrangements, and document analysis of hunting media, with a focus on narratives and accounts of value. The findings show a complex moral economy where stewardship hunting and gift economics are both intertwined with and kept separate from market relations, which makes the hunting arrangements appear as a ‘peculiar’ form of commodity. The analysis demonstrates how moral arguments concerning wildlife management and human well-being are embedded in market relations and discourses on experiences, entailing seemingly opposite forms of commodification. One is related to calculable values, as in trophy hunting, and one is related to the embodied experience of nature. The study provides nuanced and contextual knowledge of the intertwinement of personal and market relationships in recreational hunting and the commodification of wildlife experiences.
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| 47. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika
(författare)
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The Use of Photo-elicitation in Tourism Research - Framing the Backpacker Experience
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 4:3, s. 225-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to elucidate the use of photo-elicitation as a method for data collection as well as a method for analysis. By using a study on backpacker tourism where the respondents’ own photographs were used in in-depth interviews as an example, the immersion of data collection and analysis is illustrated through the backpackers’ narratives and experiences of travel photography. The theoretical point of departure in the study on backpackers was the social construction of the travel experience as liminal, playful and extraordinary. Considering the phenomenon of backpacking tourism as a gradually institutionalized phenomenon, constructing the extraordinary – including authenticity as an important criterion – became, from the backpacker’s perspective, an act of balance between emphasizing individuality and simultaneously conforming to the ideals and norms of the backpacker culture. The contradictory conditions of the backpacker experience were highlighted through narratives on photography and the analysis was focussing on ambivalent experiences. Following Simmel’s dichotomy between individuality and social form, four analytical themes were developed: ‘‘Framing the unique’’, framing the local scene’’, ‘‘catching the moment’’ and ‘‘the deviants among backpackers’’. The first three indicates the photographic and experiental ideals of the backpackers, and the fourth underlines the norms of the backpacking culture through narratives on the deviants.
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| 48. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Tjänstens triad: Från ömsesidig harmoni till dialektisk spänning i tjänstemöten
- 2005
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Ingår i: Servicemötet - Multidisciplinära öppningar. - 9147075988 ; , s. 47-63
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Models of service encounters are often fraught by reductionism, describing business relationships as mathematical combinations of dyadic constellations. Metaphors of ideal social relationships (marriages or friendships) are highlighted to stress normative aspects of equal, balanced and long-term business partnerships. However, these approaches are limited in their analytical sensitivity, as they cannot address the complexity of multipart relationships, where meanings, roles and relationships are continuously constructed and reconstructed. In order to understand the ambivalent quality of business interactions, this article analyses the corporate travel market by applying Georg Simmel’s depiction of the triad as a specific social form. Triadic constellations and more complex service networks involve dialectic tensions, simultaneously exhibiting for example loyalty and disloyalty, trust and distrust, empowerment and disempowerment. It is argued that a qualitative methodology is more adequate approach to grasp such dynamic and contextual social realities, because (opposed to a quantitative approach) it is not confined to operate with mutually exclusive analytical categories.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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