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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Wave-breaking-free pulses in nonlinear-optical fibers
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics. - 1520-8540 .- 0740-3224. ; 10:7, s. 1185-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A qualitative as well as quantitative investigation is made of the conditions for avoiding wave breaking during pulse propagation in optical fibers. In particular, it is shown that pulses having a parabolic intensity variation are approximate wave-breaking-free solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the high-intensity limit. A simple expression for the compression factor of a fiber-grating compressor based on parabolic pulses is also derived.
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| 5. |
- Agrawal, Tarun, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Automating Loading and Unloading for Autonomous Transport: Identifying Challenges and Requirements with a Systems Approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. ; Part III, s. 332-345
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The logistics industry has undergone significant changes due to high demand, competition, cost pressures, interruptions, and labor market limitations affecting supply chains. As a result, there has been a significant adoption of automation in internal logistics such as warehousing, stock control, and material handling, leading to increased organizational competitiveness by reducing manual labor costs and time spent on these operations. The use of autonomous road transport holds potential to improve transport performance within areas of safety, sustainability, and efficiency. However, for autonomous transport to be fully ealized, loading and unloading processes at shipping and receiving facilities must also be automated. This paper takes a systems approach to identify the challenges and requirements for automated loading and unloading in a setting of autonomous truck transport potentially within a production setting. By addressing these challenges and meeting the necessary requirements, it may be possible to fully realize the benefits of autonomous transport and improve overall transport performance.
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| 6. |
- Amiri, Haleh, 1966-
(författare)
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Patterns and Processes of Molecular Evolution in Rickettsia
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Species of the genus Rickettsia are obligate intracellular parasites of the a-proteobacterial subdivision. It has been suggested that obligate intracellular bacteria have evolved from free-living bacteria with much larger genome sizes. Transitions to intracellular growth habitats are normally associated with radical genomic alterations, particularly genome rearrangements and gene losses.This thesis presents a comparative study of evolutionary processes such as gene rearrangements, deletions and duplications in a variety of Rickettsia species. The results show that early intrachromosomal recombination events mediated by duplicated genes and short repeats have resulted in deletions as well as rearrangements. For example, an exceptional organization of the elongation factor genes was found in all species examined, suggesting that this rearrangement event occurred at the early stage of the evolution of Rickettsia. Likewise, it was found that a repetitive element, the so-called Rickettsia Palindromic Element (RPE) flourished prior to species divergence in Rickettsia. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis shows that the duplication events that gave rise to the five genes encoding ATP/ADP transporters occurred long before the divergence of the two major groups of Rickettsia. Taken together, this suggests that Rickettsia have been intracellular parasites for an extensive period of time.A detailed analysis of the patterns of nucleotide changes in genes and intergenic regions among the different species provides evidence for a gradual accumulation of short deletions. This suggests that different distributions of genes and repeated sequences in modern Rickettsia species reflect species-specific differences in rates of deterioration rather than variation in rates of intra-genomic sequence proliferation.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A TOTAL COST TOOL FOR INTERNALISING LOGISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 Logistics Research. - 9781904564478
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: It is becoming increasingly important to analyze the environmental impact and overall effectiveness of goods transport systems. When making decisions that will have short or long term effects on these systems there is a need to understand their consequences thereby it is necessary to measure and evaluate different options. The impact of transport on the environment, climate, health and other factors can be calculated as external costs and be internalized. Also in logistics there are a number of costs that are intangible and very hard to calculate, for instance service deficiency costs which also needs to be internalized and become a part of the total cost. The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a tool that can be used to analyse the potential effect of different ways to improve transport of goods on the overall logistics system performance. The tool should combine both economical and environmental performance objectives by providing estimates and corresponding uncertainties of: 1) transport efficiency and effectiveness, expressed as total logistics cost, and 2) environmental and other external interference, expressed as external costs.Research approach: The calculation tool is used in a case study to in in order understand the need for and availability of data needed for the using the analysis tool. In order to capture the intrinsic uncertainties in these types of models, uncertainty calculations are made.Findings and Originality: The result is a total cost analysis model, which takes uncertainty into account when analyzing the environmental impact and overall effectiveness of goods transport systems. By internalizing external effects it is possible to give a certain indication of the effect of different proposed logistics changes.Practical Impact: The new tool can be helpful for decision makers at different hierarchical levels in an organization. From tactical decisions regarding goods transports but also strategic decision making regarding for instance localization of production units and warehouses. There is a need for better understanding of the long-term effects of transport decision and how these will be influenced if the full cost of environmental effects is considered. By improving this understanding the environmental impact caused by goods transport may be reduced at the same time as the competitiveness of the companies may be increased.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinate to enhance third party logistics relationships
- 2007
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Integrated Supply Management. - 1477-5360 .- 1741-8097. ; 3:1, s. 69-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article emphasise the importance of coordination in Third Party Logistics (TPL) and describes how coordination can be managed. This is inspired by Key Account Management (KAM) literature and supported by empirical evidence. Buyers of TPL services currently perceive KAM as focusing on making sales and on negotiating contracts. This article proposes that KAM may have a material impact on TPL relationships and that this function can be developed further, primarily by having a coordination role. The article contains a coordination model based on both internal and external coordination of activities within a dyad, divided into operational, functional, geographic, and development coordination. The model explains how these types of coordination can integrate functions and contents in different alliance phases to build successful TPL relationships. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Developing Dry Ports Through the Use of Value-Added Services
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Logistics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-8925 .- 2194-8917. ; , s. 191-204
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth of containerised sea transport has caused a demand for improved efficiency and increased capacity in the transit through seaports as well as in the transport to and from seaports in the hinterland. To stimulate the development of those seamless intermodal transport chains, the concept of dry ports has been established. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how value-added services can support the transformation of a conventional inland terminal into a dry port and how an existing dry port can be further developed through the use of value-added services. This conceptual paper combines literature from the field of dry ports with literature addressing value-added services, with data obtained through interviews with actors in the transport system. The conclusions indicate that the development of dry ports and their viability may depend on different value-added services being available at the dry port, however only once the infrastructure and basic services are in place. Furthermore, the availability of value-added services may increase the dry port’s attractiveness. This paper provides a platform for further research on the importance of value-added services for dry ports’ development.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-
(författare)
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Dynamics of a TPL Relationship - A Swedish case study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Third Party Logistics - A Nordic Research Approach. - Åbo : Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. - 9515641381 - 9789515641380 ; , s. 94-115
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper gives a status of the Third Party Logistics (TPL) research in the Nordic countries. The objective is to investigate whether there is a 'Nordic School of TPL research', which has some distinctive characteristics in terms of definition of the phenomenon, research methodology, and theoretical approaches. To achieve this, the contributions of Nordic TPL researchers to the international research agenda (articles in logistics journals, PhD theses and papers at refereed logistics conferences) are reviewed. Although this approach may only provide an incomplete picture, we conclude that the evidence supports the overall presumption that it makes sense to talk about a 'Nordic Research Approach' to TPL. This is mainly related to the use of theoretical frameworks and research methodology.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-
(författare)
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Logistics Alliances and Structural Change
- 1995
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of why and in what way shippers outsource logistics operations into partnerships with logistics service providers. These relationships are called "operational alliances in logistics" (OALs). Furthermore the effects of the OALs have been studied from a shipper's point of view.In previous research the focus has been on analysing the shippers' attitudes towards outsourcing of logistics. In this study, I have tried to go one step further and document and analyse results of actual OALs. The focus is on the materials flow from the shipper via a logistics service provider to the customer.The logistics service provider could be a transport operator, forwarder, public warehousing company etc .. A quarter of the shippers were from the consumer package goods sector and the rest of the companies were distributed over various industry sectors.The research methodology used in this study is an integration of a quantitati ve anda qualitative approach, based on a combination of a European survey of 47 shippers in five countries and a multiple case studies of four Swedish companies. The survey gave answers to quantifiable questions like "what", and "how much" etc .. The case studies were used to explain some of the results from the survey, e.g. the interrelationship between structural changes and operational alliances in logistics.The study identifies three major groups of driving forces for the set-up of an operational alliance in logistics, from the shipper's point of view:reduction of costs/investments and improvement of serviceimproved strategic flexibilityneed for structural changeAccording to this study cost as a driving force has not the dorninating role as indicated by previous studies. All case companies were involved in structural changes, and the OAL was considered to be a tool to change distribution structures and change them fast, as well as reduce investment needs.According to the survey most of the barriers to an OAL are related to the service provider, e.g. "inadequate knowledge by the provider of the shipper's business particulars", "inadequate IT systems" and the risk of having "all eggs in one basket".In the case studies the shippers did not indicate the same barriers, and those indicated were primarily connected to intemal problems, e.g. "loss of employment", "no acceptance by management and employees" In previous research, the barrier "loss of control" has often been indicated as the mo st important. However, in this study there was no indication that this barrier was of any importance. Instead, the results show that an OAL leads to improved control of cost and performance.According to the survey the activities within an operational alliance in logistics are usually restricted to basic logistics services, such as warehousing and transport. However the shippers investigated in the casestudies, do not quite fit into this description. In all four cases the providers take care of all of the materials flow from the producer to the customer. In one case all logistics activities have been outsourced. In addition to transport and warehousing services, activities such as daily contacts with suppliers, inventory control and order processing are included.This study supports previous research that claims that a good shipperprovider relationship is essential for an operational alliance in logistics. In order to achieve a successful alliance there must also be good communications and exchange of information. In the companies studied the most frequent information exchange and visits take place at the operational management level. But there are also regular contacts at both logistics management level and top management level.OALs are almost always based on a written contract, which in general is quite flexible even though detailed specifications and performance targets are included.The identified effects of the OALs have been divided into four areas:Cost: long term reductions but sometimes short term increasesService performance: long term increase but sometimes short term decreaseStructural change: changed or new distribution structuresControl: improved control of cost and perf ormanceThe shippers assess the relative importance of the actual economic benefits expressed in reduced costs and improved service perf ormance as equal. The main reason for the cost advantages is believed to be economies of scale and scope, and the main reason for the service advantage is believed to be on-time delivery. However, in some cases the costs increased and service performance decreased during the start-up period.OALs improve service performance and reduce costs. At the same time OALs facilitate structural changes and this indirectly improves the overall performance of the shippers This important link between operational alliances and structural change, which is also reflected in the driving forces, is something that has largely been neglected by previous research. The total effects of an OAL should lead to improved competitiveness and even to an improved ability to handle increased globalisation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Outsourcing Advanced Logistics : A Shipper's and Provider's Perspective on Risks
- 2004
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Ingår i: Supply Chain Risk. - Aldershot : Ashgate Publishing Ltd. - 0754639029 - 9780754639022 ; , s. 160-174
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This collection, written by international scholars from the UK, US and Scandinavia, provides empirical case studies within services and manufacturing in both large and SME organizations. The findings represent a robust cross-disciplinary view of supply chains, articulating policies and strategies for organizations. This work provides the foundation for future research in this expanding area and the impact it has on managing risk within the supply chain
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Management in Outsourced Logistics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annual NOFOMA Conference for Nordic Researchers in Logistics: Challenging Boundaries with Logistics.,2004. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. ; , s. 35-, s. 35-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The transport service triad: a key unit of analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - 0885-8624. ; 34:1, s. 253-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of the paper is to identify and discuss the transport service triad (TST) as a key unit of analysis to understand the operations and conditions for change in freight transport systems at the micro level, i.e. at the level of analysis where business decisions and change interaction take place. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framing is rooted in the IMP approach and in the literature on triads. A case study approach is used to illustrate the TST by analyzing a case involving a wholesaler of installation products, tools and supplies, a main construction company and a transport service provider. Findings The paper shows how the connections between the business relationships in the TST, influenced by connections to relationships outside the triad, impact on the efficiency in freight transport. The paper illustrates how analysis of TSTs can be applied in micro-level studies of change in freight transport systems and in supply networks. Research limitations/implications The triadic approach is instrumental to understand change in the transport system because it includes all relevant parties and relationships of concern, as well as the logic framing of their actions. However, while arguing that TSTs are generic to their nature, each TST is unique and needs to be identified and analyzed in its specific context. Practical implications The suggested framework may contribute to an understanding of the embeddedness of transport services in supply/business networks. The framework may support the development of new ways of operating and creating value for customers and offering sustainable transport solutions. Originality/value From the transport policy makers’ perspective, micro-level analysis is important to understand behavioral adjustments to new policies
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-
(författare)
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Third Party Logistics : Outsourcing Logistics in Partnerships
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute the body of knowledge of the outsourcing of logistics services in integrated relationships between a shipper ( e.g. a manufacturer) and a logistics service provider (e.g. a transport firm).My two studies cover the scope of third-party logistics and the interaction between the shipper and the service provider as well as the set-up of the partnerships. The focus of the dissertation could be expressed by the following questions:• Why do service buyers outsource logistics activities in the form of partnerships?• What are the long-term effects of logistics partnerships?• How are the effects of the logistics partnerships achieved?• Which factors influence the success of a logistics partnership?The method used has been a combination of four case studies and surveys of 47 European shippers and 59 US shippers. The empirical material has been analysed primarly by the use of transaction cost theory.Expected positive cost and service effects are important driving forces for the outsourcing of logistics. Linked to the cost aspects is also a desire to reduce investments. It could be a question of transforming fixed costs to variable, or to facilitate fast and radical restructuring of supply chains. Finally one of the single most important driving forces is the shipper's ambition to concentrate on core business.Logistics partnerships have been observed to have a positive effect on the following four areas at the shippers: cost, service, restructuring of supply chains, and control. The shippers believe that efficient operations, economies of scale and scope, and provider knowledge, have had positive effects on costs and service. A structural change could be achieved in a short time, as the shipper has to make only small investments in the distribution system, which can facilitate greater changes, also gaining the shipper flexibility in capacity. By outsourcing logistics activities it might also be possible to improve the measurability of cost and service performance.The success of logistics partnerships will, according to the shippers' opinions, be positively influenced by well-defined requirements and procedures, and by communication on all levels. From an operational point of view, the success of logistics partnerships is positively influenced by a low level of uncertainty and/or a high dedication of resources used.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Trafikslagsövergripande databas för godstransporter
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många anser att nuvarande statistikproduktionen inom godstransportområdet inte är tillräcklig för att tillgodose alla intressenters olika behov och en komplettering av den officiella statistiken har diskuterats under en låg tid. Syftet med denna förstudie är att identifiera myndigheters och transportbranschens databehov samt krav och önskemål avseende en gemensam godstransportdatabas. Dessutom skall den direkta eller indirekta påverkan från andra intressenter beaktas. Förstudien belyser också de sekretesskrav som påverkar uppbyggnaden av en databas.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Trafikslagsövergripande databas för godstransporter : Traffic mode generic database for freight transport
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många anser att nuvarande statistikproduktionen inom godstransportområdet inte är tillräcklig för att tillgodose alla intressenters olika behov och en komplettering av den officiella statistiken har diskuterats under en låg tid. Syftet med denna förstudie är att identifiera myndigheters och transportbranschens databehov samt krav och önskemål avseende en gemensam godstransportdatabas. Dessutom skall den direkta eller indirekta påverkan från andra intressenter beaktas. Förstudien belyser också de sekretesskrav som påverkar uppbyggnaden av en databas.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Transport service procurement – initial findings and a research agenda
- 2016
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Ingår i: 25th IPSERA Conference, Dortmund, March 20-23, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology alone will not be sufficient to cope with emission reduction challenges. Transport procurement requires attention for individual firms as well as the transport industry to tackle environmental challenges. The aim of this paper is to identify practice, perceptions and outlook of transport buyers in order to present a research agenda that informs the advancement of current practice, on the basis of surveys, capturing practice among Swedish transport buyers. The direction for future research comprise levels of analysis ranging from the service level to industry-level, and suggest a mixed-method, wherein surveys are combined with in-depth case studies and workshops.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bask, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Development of seaport–dry port dyads: two cases from Northern Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923. ; Volume 39:July 2014, s. 85-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in sea freight flows generates an almost proportional increase in inland freight flows, and what takes place inland will influence the ability of intermodal transport systems to further accommodate the growth of international trade. This could be facilitated by dry ports, which have been developed to support seaport operations as well as the overall operations of intermodal transport systems. The aim of this paper is to develop the Wilmsmeier et al. (2011) framework of directional development by taking into account development over time. The purpose is to contribute to the understanding of the development of seaport–dry port dyads by the analysis of two in-depth case studies from Northern Europe. A qualitative research strategy is applied to increase understanding of the development. The results contribute to earlier studies of spatial development of seaport–dry port development by taking into account development over time and by increasing the understanding of the actors, the types of dry ports and the services influencing the development of the dyads.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bask, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Seaport–Dry Port Dyads Cases from Sweden and Finland
- 2013
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Ingår i: 25th NOFOMA conference 2013. - 9789198097337
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Dry ports have been developed, among other, to support seaport operations and sustainable development of international transport systems. The purpose of the paper is to increase understanding of service systems of seaport-dry port dyads by describing their development and service offerings. Design/methodology/approachQualitative research strategy was applied to provide in-depth analysis of two seaport-dry port dyads. The data for the cases was collected through face-to-face and phone interviews. FindingsIn the two cases the roles of dyads vary, in the Finnish case the dyad serves Russian markets and Trans-Siberian Landbridge, while in the Swedish case the dyad mainly facilitates domestic hinterland operations and relives congestion. The results show that development of the dyad could also be a two-way collaboration between seaport and dry port.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical data was collected from two seaport–dry port pairs. This is a first step for development and service system analysis of seaport-dry port dyad concept. In the future, a more comprehensive view of the seaport-dry port service systems could be obtained through additional case studies.Originality/valueIn this study we introduce a new approach of seaport – dry port dyad having focus on the dyadic relationship. Thus, this study contributes to theory of development and understanding of the concept of seaport – dry port dyads through the description of their service systems and thereby adds to knowledge on the development of the concept.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Boen, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the global brain differences : intraindividual variability differences in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 bp1-bp2 deletion carriers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:2, s. 147-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference.Results: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.Conclusions: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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| 39. |
- Bokrantz, Jon, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A Methodology for Continuous Quality Assurance of Production Data
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; 2016-February, s. 2088-2099
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High quality input data is a necessity for successful Discrete Event Simulation (DES) applications, and there are available methodologies for data collection in DES projects. However, in contrast to standalone projects, using DES as a day-to-day engineering tool requires high quality production data to be constantly available. Unfortunately, there are no detailed guidelines that describes how to achieve this. Therefore, this paper presents such a methodology, based on three concurrent engineering projects within the automotive industry. The methodology explains the necessary roles, responsibilities, meetings, and documents to achieve a continuous quality assurance of production data. It also specifies an approach to input data management for DES using the Generic Data Management Tool (GDM-Tool). The expected effects are increased availability of high quality production data and reduced lead time of input data management, especially valuable in manufacturing companies having advanced automated data collection methods and using DES on a daily basis.
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| 40. |
- Broman, Karolina, Universitetslektor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Ability in Organic Chemistry : Can Virtual and Augmented Reality be Valuable?
- 2019
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Ingår i: 7:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - : Luleå tekniska universitet.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, the roles of digital technologies as Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR), are discussed to explore how biotechnology engineering students develop their spatial ability in organic chemistry. We have, through stereochemistry workshops, followed how students, in specific, visualise and rotate molecular representations and how the use of digital tools influences the students’ interest.
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| 41. |
- Browne, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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MIND THE GAP: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose Using autonomous vehicles in goods transport has potential benefits. However, the transition to a future autonomous (and electric) freight system needs to take account of the interface between the vehicle and other parts of the logistics system in order to exploit potential benefits and overcome challenges related to the absence of a driver. The purpose of the research is to identify the prerequisites for achieving automated loading, unloading, related information handling and in-plant transport at these interfaces. Research Approach Cases studies consider senders and receivers of various products as well as organisations that have a role including real estate companies that develop warehouses and terminals. The case studies consider vehicle and handling equipment technology alongside the processes that may need to change if the efficiency gains of an autonomous vehicle are to be realised. Research questions are addressed at the logistics system level. The cases studies combine questions about logistics process and technology alongside those concerned with underlying business models. Findings and Originality Results presented are at the half way stage of a two-year project and will be based on the initial series of interviews for four case studies. Findings so far include: (1) lack of development in this topic compared with interest in autonomous and automated transport (2) importance of organisational ssues in the logistics chain e.g. contractual relationships (3) importance of taking a broad view of the companies that need to be involved (4) product type and characteristics are important but other factors may have more influence on the scope to develop initiatives in this area. Research Impact The research provides insights into the complexity of the interfaces in autonomous and automated transport and logistics systems. The empirical findings enrich the discussion of this field. Combining insights from logistics, technology, materials handling and business has demonstrated the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach. Practical Impact Autonomous transport systems may bring many commercial benefits. However, the scale of these benefits will be significantly diminished if questions about the interface points in the logistics system are not addressed. The outputs of the research will provide important insights for managers addressing these challenges.
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| 42. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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| 43. |
- Dong, Chuanwen, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of emerging and disruptive technologies on freight transportation in the digital era: current state and future trends
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Management. - 0957-4093 .- 1758-6550. ; 32:2, s. 386-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - With various challenges in the digital era, stakeholders are expressing growing interests in understanding the impact of emerging and disruptive technologies on freight transportation. This paper provides a systematic literature review of the current state of affairs as well as future trends and aims to support stakeholders' decision-making in logistics management in the era of disruptive technologies. Design/methodology/approach - Several recent and representative articles from academic, industrial and governmental perspectives were investigated to set the scene for this research and to serve as a baseline for electing nine emerging technologies, which were then used to conduct a systematic literature review covering the literature within the area during the past twelve years. Findings - 3D printing, artificial intelligence, automated robots, autonomous vehicles, big data analytics, blockchain, drones, electric vehicles and the Internet of Things were identified as the emerging technologies. The current state of existing research and potential future opportunities were analyzed. Research limitations/implications - Since the potential literature body is almost impossible to fully cover, a tradeoff between the number of emerging technologies and the related literature reviewed has been performed. However, the paper provides a novel approach to select the emerging and disruptive technologies and a systematic literature review to fill the identified research gap in the related literature. Practical implications -The research support various stakeholders to better capture the current status of and the future opportunities in freight transportation and gain a clearer understanding of the disruptive technologies as well as to guide them in how to deploy these initiatives in future decision-making. Originality/value - By providing a systematic literature review on the trends, themes and research opportunities in the era of disruptive technologies, the papers bring about broad and comprehensive review on the impact of disruptive technologies on logistics and transportation as well as opportunities to support management decision support in the logistics industry.
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| 44. |
- Dong, Chuanwen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of emerging technologies on freight transportation in the digital era: trends, themes, and research opportunities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annual NOFOMA Conference Proceedings. ; , s. 62-90
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose With various challenges in the digital era, stakeholders are expressing growing interests in understanding the impact of the emerging technologies on freight transportation. The purpose of this paper is to fill the existing research gap by exploring the current merging technologies taking place in the logistics industry and analyze their impact on freight transportation. Design/methodology/approach Six representative recent articles from academic, industrial, and governmental perspectives are investigated to elect nine emerging technologies, which are then used as keywords to conduct a systematic literature review covering the literature in the past ten years. Findings 3D Printing, Artificial Intelligence, Automated Robots, Autonomous Vehicles, Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, Drones, Electric Vehicles, and Internet of Things are identified as emerging technologies. The state-of-the-art of the current research and potential future opportunities are then analyzed. Research limitations/implications The research could support various stakeholders to better capture the current status of and the future opportunities in freight transportation. Original/value The paper fills a gap in the literature on the impacts of emerging technologies on freight transportation.
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| 45. |
- Frangou, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness across the lifespan : Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 431-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and requirements in the introduction of automated loading and unloading
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research question The use of autonomous vehicles for road transport holds a potential to improve transport performance within areas such as safety, sustainability, driver shortage, and cost efficiency, and there is an increasing interest in the area (Sindi and Woodman, 2021). However, to fully realise the potential of autonomous transport, it seems that the interfaces with shipping and receiving facilities, in terms of loading and unloading, should be automated too, as argued below.In traditional setups, the truck driver is often responsible for loading and unloading the truck, as well as for securing the load. Hence, if there is no truck driver, a different solution is required. A straightforward solution would be for the personnel in the facilities to perform the loading and unloading. Increasingly, however, automation is applied also in production (Bortolini et al. 2021) and warehousing (Custodio and Machado 2020), and it is therefore not obvious that there will be personnel available at the pickup or delivery locations either. Moreover, it is not uncommon that facilities are manned only during daytime. Automated loading and unloading operations could make it possible to decouple the truck transports from the operations in the facilities, thereby enabling round the clock deliveries, regardless of the manning of the facilities. This could reduce congestion on the road. The application of automation often holds a potential to reduce operational cost, as the cost of man-hours may be reduced, which has been indicated in research on internal transport (Bechtsis et al. 2017), as well as the broader area of materials handling. There are several potential challenges that need to be overcome, and several requirements that need to be fulfilled, to enable automated loading and unloading between the autonomous transport and the shipping and receiving facilities. The loading and unloading processes can be considered to take place in the interface between different systems, linking the shipping facilities with the external transport, and linking the external transport with the receiving facilities. In addition to moving the goods onto and off the truck, there are further activities that need to be undertaken, which are performed manually in most systems today. This includes for example opening and closing the hatch of the truck and, importantly, securing the load on the truck after loading it. Applying a systems approach, this paper addresses the question: which are the challenges and requirements of automated loading and unloading in a setting of autonomous freight road transport? Brief overview of the state of the art, including relevant references Significant research in past focused on simulating and automating loading and unloading operations on transportation system with truck driver (Shen et al. 2019; Cao and Dou 2021). They are primarily focused on planning of loading and unloading system and defining the working principles of systemsmodules compatible with multiple material, For instance, Xu et al. (2021). Stacking of standard pallets on truck with fully automated forklifts (Cao and Dou 2021), design and development of automatic cargo batch system for loading and unloading operations (Lee et al. 2014), design and development of automated guided vehicle for material handing in production (Thylén 2022) and application of digital twin technology in design and develop of an intelligent control system for automatic loading and unloading (Zhu, Xu, and Zhu 2021). Nevertheless, when it comes to unmanned fully autonomous transportation, studies on designing and realizing interfaces with shipping and receiving facilities, are limited and at nascent stage. Working towards addressing this research gap, this study identified challenges and requirements of automated loading and unloading in a setting of autonomous truck freight road transport. Method The paper is based on a case study at a production site where autonomous truck transport is currently applied in a pilot setup. In the pilot setup, goods are delivered by an autonomous truck from a production plant to a nearby warehouse, located a few hundred metres from the plant, although travelling partly on a public road. Connected to the pilot setup, preparations are also made for applying automated loading and unloading of the autonomous truck. The study is led by researchers from two universities and is conducted in cooperation with representatives from several companies. All the companies are participating in the preparations for automated loading and unloading at the production site: themanufacturing company operating the production plant and the warehouse, the company providing the autonomous truck, a company providing equipment for automated materials handling, and a company specializing in solutions for load securing. Data is collected through site visits and mapping of processes and material flows, as well as through interviews with the companies involved in the pilot setup and in the preparations for automated loading and unloading. Analysis and results The results from the first stage of the project have been used to prepare a base case with a conventional truck and driver used to move pallets between the production plant and the warehouse. A second case uses an autonomous truck to transport the pallets from the production plant to the warehouse. For the base case the truck is loaded by the driver using a forklift truck (FLT) and the driver secures the load. Unloading at the warehouse is done by FLT operated by someone working in receiving area. For the second case (autonomous truck) the vehicle is loaded by FLT operated by someone from the production plant. Unloading is the responsibility of the warehouse receiving the pallets and is therefore the same as the base case operation.Mapping the material flows and the steps involved has shown that the driver plays various roles beyond driving the truck between the plant and the warehouse. These roles include: opening the door/gate at the loading bay, loading the truck with pallets, securing the load, deciding when the truck is full and needs to leave the plant to go to the warehouse and informing the staff at the warehouse that the truck has arrived. After unloading the driver will determine whether the truck should go back to the production plant for another load or should be used for another activity at the production location. When the autonomous truck is used then the ancillary actions carried out by the driver (listed above) have to be done by someone else or a change has to be made to the processes – for example a sensor could indicate the arrival at the warehouse of the loaded truck. Mapping the processes has demonstrated the scale of the challenge in automating these activities and the requirements applying to an automated loading and unloading system. These include the dynamic environment of the loading/unloading area, non-uniformity of goods, scanning of goods (identification tag, ensuring even weight distribution and alignment of pallets, securing of the load). The accountability and responsibilities of different stakeholders in fully automated unmanned system and handling of claims must also be addressed in the change to more automated systems.
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| 48. |
- Holma, Anne Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing the supplier switching process: an example from public procurement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - 0885-8624. ; 37:7, s. 1530-1541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to develop a framework for switching a service supplier in a supply network. Design/methodology/approach: The study builds on existing literature in the field of purchasing and supply management, public procurement (PP) and the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing approach, as well as on an illustrative example case, from the PP context, of a supplier switch in a service delivery process. Findings: During a switching process, the buyer must simultaneously manage the ending of a relationship with the incumbent supplier and the beginning of a relationship with a new supplier. Collaboration with the focal suppliers to develop a service process with standardized components prevents disruptions in the service processes and reduces the impact of the switch on the wider network. Research limitations/implications: The conceptualization suggested in this paper needs to be further explored in different empirical contexts to assess its practical adequacy. Practical implications: Practitioners responsible for service procurement can use the findings to develop collaboration with suppliers, both when it comes to service process development and to the switching process. Furthermore, the authors highlight the importance of ending competencies and the development of an exit plan to conduct a “beautiful exit.” Originality/value: The paper integrates relationship initiation and ending studies, as well as procurement process models to develop a refined switching process framework. Many PPs rely on short-term relationships due to the legal obligation to frequently invite suppliers to tender, thus understanding the supplier switching process is important both for private and public sector actors.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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