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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Emil)

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2.
  • Andersson, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Internet-Based Extinction Therapy for Worry : A Randomized Controlled Trial
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 48:3, s. 391-402
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Worry is a common phenotype in both psychiatric patients and the normal population. Worry can be seen as a covert behavior with primary function to avoid aversive emotional experiences. Our research group has developed a treatment protocol based on an operant model of worry, where we use exposure -based strategies to extinguish the catastrophic worry thoughts. The aim of this study was to test this treatment delivered via the Internet in a large-scale randomized controlled trial. We randomized 140 high-worriers [PSWQ]) to either Internet-based extinction therapy (IbET) or to a waiting-list condition (WL). Results showed that IbET was superior to WL with an overall large between-group effect size of d 1.39 (95% confidence interval [1.04,1.73]) on the PSWQ. In the IbET group, 58% were classified as responders. The corresponding figure for WL participants was 7%. IbET was also superior to the WL on secondary outcome measures of anxiety, depression, meta-cognitions, cognitive avoidance, and quality of life. Overall treatment results were maintained for the IbET group at 4- and 12-month follow-up. The results from this trial are encouraging as they indicate that worry can be targeted with an accessible and novel intervention for worry. Replication trials with active control group are needed.
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3.
  • Ansari, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Single-institution experience with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 46:12, s. 1492-1497
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Objective. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare clinical entity. The objective of this study was to review a single institution's experience with this uncommon tumor, as well as review the literature. Material and Methods. Consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPN between 1991 and 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. A PubMed search (January 1980-June 2011) was conducted to identify risk factors for death among SPN patients. Results. The institutional review identified 16 patients with SPN. Thirteen patients were female and three patients were male (median age 34 years). All patients underwent radical resection. Two patients had metastatic disease at the time of operation as evident by the presence of lymph node metastasis and gallbladder metastasis. One developed liver metastasis 4 months postoperatively and subsequently died. The other patient received adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine and capecitabine), and 23 months after the initial operation, no tumor recurrence was detected and the patient is still alive. All other patients remain disease-free. Analysis of 29 fatalities reported in the English literature (including the present case) revealed several atypical features including male gender, old age, tumor size >5 cm, diffuse growth pattern, cellular or nuclear atypia, high mitotic rate, extensive necrosis, extrapancreatic invasion, metastasis and incomplete resection. Conclusions. SPN is not always indolent. Male patients and those with old age, atypical histopathology (large tumors, diffuse growth, cellular/nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis, invasion/metastasis) and incomplete resection may have a higher risk of recurrence and death, deserving particular attention.
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4.
  • David, Jennifer, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Design and Development of a Hexacopter for the Search and Rescue of a Lost Drone
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Search and rescue with an autonomous robot is an attractive and challenging task within the research community. This paper presents the development of an autonomous hexacopter that is designed for retrieving a lost object, like a drone, from a vast-open space, like a desert area. Navigating its path with a proposed coverage path planning strategy, the hexacopter can efficiently search for a lost target and locate it using an image-based object detection algorithm. Moreover, after the target is located, our hexacopter can grasp it with a customised gripper and transport it back to a destined location. It is also capable of avoiding static obstacles and dynamic objects. The proposed system was realised in simulations before implementing it in a real hardware setup, i.e. assembly of the drone, crafting of the gripper, software implementation and testing under real-world scenarios. The designed hexacopter won the best UAV design award at the CPS-VO 2018 Competition held in Arizona, USA.
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  • Wallén-Mackenzie, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Restricted cortical and amygdaloid removal of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in preadolescent mice impacts dopaminergic activity and neuronal circuitry of higher brain function.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. - 1529-2401 .- 0270-6474. ; 29:7, s. 2238-51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A major challenge in neuroscience is to resolve the connection between gene functionality, neuronal circuits, and behavior. Most, if not all, neuronal circuits of the adult brain contain a glutamatergic component, the nature of which has been difficult to assess because of the vast cellular abundance of glutamate. In this study, we wanted to determine the role of a restricted subpopulation of glutamatergic neurons within the forebrain, the Vglut2-expressing neurons, in neuronal circuitry of higher brain function. Vglut2 expression was selectively deleted in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of preadolescent mice, which resulted in increased locomotor activity, altered social dominance and risk assessment, decreased sensorimotor gating, and impaired long-term spatial memory. Presynaptic VGLUT2-positive terminals were lost in the cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, and a downstream effect on dopamine binding site availability in the striatum was evident. A connection between the induced late-onset, chronic reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmission and dopamine signaling within the circuitry was further substantiated by a partial attenuation of the deficits in sensorimotor gating by the dopamine-stabilizing antipsychotic drug aripiprazole and an increased sensitivity to amphetamine. Somewhat surprisingly, given the restricted expression of Vglut2 in regions responsible for higher brain function, our analyses show that VGLUT2-mediated neurotransmission is required for certain aspects of cognitive, emotional, and social behavior. The present study provides support for the existence of a neurocircuitry that connects changes in VGLUT2-mediated neurotransmission to alterations in the dopaminergic system with schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits as a major outcome.
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7.
  • Aggestam, Emil, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-objective design optimisation of transition zones between different railway track forms
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/wheel Systems, CM 2018. - : TU Delft. - 2590-0609. - 9789461869630 ; , s. 1-6
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The vertical dynamic interaction between vehicle and railway track is simulated in the time domain using an extended state space vector approach. The track model includes a transition zone between slab track on a bridge and ballasted track on an embankment. By considering a multi-objective optimisation problem, solved using a genetic algorithm, selected vehicle and track responses are simultaneously minimised by optimising the distributions of rail pad stiffness and sleeper spacing in the transition zone. It is shown that the magnitudes of the maximum dynamic loads in the optimised transition zone can be reduced to be similar as the magnitudes far away from the transition zone.
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9.
  • Andersson, Charlotte, et al. (författare)
  • Noncardiac Surgery in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Contemporary Study on Outcomes in a Matched Sample From the Danish Health Care System
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 1932-8737 .- 0160-9289. ; 37:11, s. 680-686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundPast research has identified aortic stenosis (AS) as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in noncardiac surgery; however, more contemporary studies have questioned the grave prognosis. To further our understanding of this, the risks of a 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all-cause mortality were investigated in a contemporary Danish cohort. HypothesisAS is not an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in noncardiac surgery. MethodsAll patients with and without diagnosed AS who underwent noncardiac surgery in 2005 to 2011 were identified through nationwide administrative registers. AS patients (n=2823; mean age, 75.5years, 53% female) were matched with patients without AS (n=2823) on propensity score for AS and surgery type. ResultsIn elective surgery, MACE (ie, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death) occurred in 66/1772 (3.7%) of patients with AS and 52/1772 (2.9%) of controls (P=0.19), whereas mortality occurred in 67/1772 (3.8%) AS patients and 51/1772 (2.9%) controls (P=0.13). In emergency surgery, 163/1051 (15.5%) AS patients and 120/1051 (11.4%) controls had a MACE (P=0.006), whereas 225/1051 (21.4%) vs 179/1051 (17.0%) AS patients and controls died, respectively (P=0.01). Event rates were higher for those with symptoms (defined as use of nitrates, congestive heart failure, or use of loop diuretics), compared with those without symptoms (P<0.0001). ConclusionsAS is associated with high perioperative rates of MACE and mortality, but perhaps prognosis is, in practice, not much worse for patients with AS than for matched controls. Symptomatic patients and patients undergoing emergency surgery are at considerable risks of a MACE and mortality.
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11.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • A Theory of Justice – en radikal vision om det fullständigt rättvisa samhället
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - Stockholm : Thales. - 1402-2710 .- 2002-3383. ; 25:2-3, s. 4-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • John Rawls A Theory of Justice har haft ett monumentalt inflytande på den moderna politiska filosofin. Jag försöker här genom några nedslag i den nutida diskussionen förmedla en bild av detta inflytande, och av bokens fortsatta filosofiska relevans. Jag inleder med en kort presentation av huvuddragen i Rawls rättviseteori. Efter det går jag igenom, och bemöter, kritiken mot idealteori. Jag diskuterar sedan förhållandet mellan rättvisa och ekonomisk ojämlikhet, och förklarar varför teorin är radikalare än vad många kritiker insett. Slutligen går jag igenom hur en kontraktsteori av detta slag kan hantera frågan om rättvisa mellan generationer.
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13.
  • Andersson, Emil (författare)
  • Angiogenetic and hereditary factors in endometrial disease
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The endometrium is a unique tissue in the adult human body because it is the only site where physiological renewal of vessels, angiogenesis, occurs. The regulation of this process under normal conditions is not fully understood. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding of endometrial origin (HMB-E) and Endometrial Cancer (EC) are two diseases which can neither occur nor be sustained without the process of angiogenesis. Clinically, both diseases are also associated with a strong hereditary component where female relatives of affected patients demonstrate a high incidence of the same condition. The aim of this thesis is to further elucidate the angiogenic and hereditary components of these diseases. The first part of this project (studies I and II) explores HMB-E and its relationship to angiogenesis, while the second part (studies III and IV) examines the association between incidence of EC in relation to previously known and unknown hereditary factors. Study I explored the relationship between expression of the pro-angiogenic factor SDF-1 and the number of circulating epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in peripheral blood in 10 women with a confirmed diagnosis of HMB-E, and compared these results with those of 10 healthy controls using flow cytometry and cell culture. The results showed a significant decrease of SDF-1 throughout the entire menstrual cycle, a 16% decrease overall, with the most substantial decline noted during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle in women with HMB-E, compared with controls. The number of EPCs in peripheral blood was also significantly reduced in HMB-E patients, showing a significant positive correlation between number of EPCs and SDF-1 levels. These findings are consistent with the literature, which has shown that SDF-1 is essential for recruitment of EPCs from bone marrow into the bloodstream, and further suggests that this signaling axis is important for physiological angiogenesis in the endometrium. Study II addressed microvascular morphology within the endometrium among 17 women with HMB-E and compared the results with 10 controls, using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. We found a significant decrease in pericyte coverage of microvessels during the mid-proliferative phase, as well as an increase in vessel perimeter among women with HMB-E. We also found a negative correlation between vascular expression of the known pro-angiogenic factor VEGF-A and pericyte coverage. These findings indicate that HMB-E may be caused by altered microvessel maturation and that the overexpression of VEGF-A seen in HMB-E might be the underlying cause. Study III examined the clinical challenge of reducing EC risk in women with Lynch Syndrome (LS), who collectively have a 42-54% lifetime risk of developing this disease. Sweden has no national guidelines regarding surveillance of these women for gynecological cancers. Therefore, we took a retrospective look at the modalities and screening intervals that are currently used in Sweden for known LS carriers. In all, 86 women had a known LS mutation and participated in various screening programs. Of the 41 women who decided to have prophylactic hysterectomy while under screening, EC/complex hyperplasia was found in the uterus of 4 of them postoperatively. The remaining 45 women opted for annual surveillance without prophylactic surgery. In this group, 9 women developed EC, 2 complex endometrial hyperplasia and 2 ovarian cancers, both of which were found at an early stage by ultrasound. Among these 9 EC cases, 5 were detected through endometrial biopsy during regular surveillance at an asymptomatic stage, as were the two hyperplasias. Ultrasonography failed to detect any of these cases. The remaining 4 EC cases were associated with occult bleeding between screening visits. No difference in tumor stage was noted between the ECs found because they were symptomatic and those found through routine surveillance. No mortality resulted from the gynecological cancers found in the study group as a whole. The results did not reveal any clear benefit from conducting annual gynecological screening for women with LS if the endpoint is to reduce mortality. The single most important factor may be knowledge and awareness among doctors and patients of LS and the associated increased risk of cancer, which should trigger prompt investigation if symptoms develop. However, when screening is undertaken, endometrial biopsy seems to be the diagnostic modality of choice to detect asymptomatic ECs or hyperplasia. Study IV investigated additional genetic risk factors that help to explain the twofold increase in relative risk of developing EC among women with a first or second degree relative who have the disease, even when known single gene mutations are excluded. After genotype studies and quality control, a total of 332,906 SNPs among genotypes derived from 1116 EC cases and 5021 controls were compared. The results showed five haplotypes located on chromosomes no. 2, 10, 13, 15 and 20 that were significantly more common among EC patients than controls. The frequency of these haplotypes in the EC population ranged between 1.58-3.69% and the odds ratio for EC ranged between 1.58-3.05 for the five haplotypes. The five haplotypes were found in regions of the genome with no previously known link to EC development and without close proximity to any genes known to be involved with this disease. These findings add to our knowledge about the genetic risk factors associated with EC and may offer one explanation for why the incidence and clinical course of this disease differs among people of different ethnic backgrounds. Nevertheless, other risk factors must be taken into account when interpreting these results, including known environmental risk factors for EC and those that could potentially be inherited, such as obesity. In conclusion, this thesis provides new information concerning the angiogenic and hereditary factors involved in development of both HMB-E and EC. The papers add to our knowledge about how the SDF-1 axis is involved in endometrial vascular regeneration during physiological endometrial angiogenesis and how vascular maturation appears to be inadequate in HMB-E. The thesis also confirms the knowledge about the role of known inherited cancer syndromes in development of EC, and finds that gynecological surveillance per se does not seem to reduce mortality from gynecological cancer; instead, the most important protective factor appears to be knowledge and awareness of the cancer syndrome among both carriers of the syndrome and the care providers. Additionally, this thesis found five haploptypes that are overrepresented in a Swedish cohort of EC cases, which may explain some of the risk of inheriting EC. The future challenge will be to examine the potential link between HMB-E and EC from the perspective of both clinical and basic research.
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14.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Autonomy, Community, and the Justification of Public Reason
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Canadian journal of philosophy. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0045-5091 .- 1911-0820.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, there have been attempts at offering new justifications of the Rawlsian idea of public reason. Blain Neufeld has suggested that the ideal of political autonomy justifies public reason, while R.J. Leland and Han van Wietmarschen have sought to justify the idea by appealing to the value of political community. In this paper, I show that both proposals are vulnerable to a common problem. In realistic circumstances, they will often turn into reasons to oppose, rather than support, public reason. However, this counterintuitive result can be avoided if we conceive of autonomy and community differently.
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15.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • CELLoGeNe - An energy landscape framework for logical networks controlling cell decisions
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Experimental and computational efforts are constantly made to elucidate mechanisms controlling cell fate decisions during development and reprogramming. One powerful computational method is to consider cell commitment and reprogramming as movements in an energy landscape. Here, we develop Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks (CELLoGeNe), which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. CELLoGeNe removes inadvertent symmetries in the energy landscapes normally arising from standard Boolean operators. Furthermore, CELLoGeNe provides tools to visualize and stochastically analyze the shapes of multi-dimensional energy landscapes corresponding to epigenetic landscapes for development and reprogramming. We demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks. CELLoGeNe is a general framework that can be applied to various biological systems offering a broad picture of intracellular dynamics otherwise inaccessible with existing methods.
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16.
  • Andersson, Emil (författare)
  • Computational modelling in systems biology: from rewriting cell fates to detecting tumours
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Computational modelling is becoming an increasingly important tool in biological research. By performing computer simulations of models, it becomes possible to test theories about a biological system against experimental data. Simulations can also be used as a replacement for experiments otherwise unattainable. Well-constructed models have great predictive power which helps improve experimental protocols. All four papers included in this thesis concern the development of computational models of different nature and in different application areas.In Paper I, we develop CELLoGeNe, a software tool which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. Within this framework, cell commitment and reprogramming are considered as movements in an energy landscape. As a part of CELLoGeNe, we develop a tool for visualising multi-dimensional energy landscapes in more than three dimensions. Furthermore, we provide a tool for stochastically analysing the shape of the energy landscape by simulating cell reprogramming in the form of weighted random walks in a landscape. Finally, we demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks.In Paper II, we develop a multi-scale model for early T-cell development. This multi-scale model contains a transcriptional level, an epigenetic level and a proliferation level. The model is tuned to experimental data and predicts state-switching kinetics validated with clonal data. In Paper III, we further develop this model by placing it into an agent-based framework. We use the full model to dissect the mechanism of when T-cell progenitors decide to commit the T-cell lineage and what role inheritance plays in the decision.In Paper IV, we develop a machine learning tool that automatically detects skin tumour borders, which could provide useful aid to surgeons. We use data from hyperspectral images, training artificial neural networks only on spectra from small regions representing either healthy tissue or tumour. Then, the trained networks are used to generate prediction. Thereafter, a segmentation algorithm determines the skin tumour borders. Our approach therefore circumvents the need for a complete ground truth image. A separate model instance is trained for each individual patient which makes our approach interesting for emerging precision skin tumour diagnostics where adaptability toward the individual is key.
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17.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Constructivist Contractualism and Future Generations
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Intergenerational Ethics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780190881962 - 9780190881931
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In constructivist contractualist theories, such as Rawls’, principles of justice should mirror beliefs that we all, in some sense, share. One would then arrive at principles that everybody could, in that sense, accept. These principles should specify, among other things, to whom to distribute the relevant benefits and burdens and to whom to assign responsibility for the distribution. In addition to this classical assignment problem, however, constructivist contractualism must also deal with a new, and quite different, assignment problem since what to count as beliefs that we all share depends on how the set of people that make up the “we” is delimited. Thus, for constructivist contractualism, the questions of whom to assign a part in the justification procedure and whom to exclude, and how to justify these inclusions and exclusions, are of crucial importance. In this chapter we consider the inclusion or exclusion of future generations, and how this case illuminates a general problem for constructivist contractualism.
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18.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Distributive Justice, Social Cooperation, and the Basis of Equality
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Theoria. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-5825 .- 1755-2567. ; 88:6, s. 1180-1195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper considers the view that the basis of equality is the range property of being a moral person. This view, suggested by John Rawls in his A Theory of Justice (1971), is commonly dismissed in the literature. By defending the view against the criticism levelled against it, I aim to show that this dismissal has been too quick. The critics have generally failed to fully appreciate the fact that Rawls's account is restricted to the domain of distributive justice. On Rawls's view distributive justice is a matter of the fair terms of cooperation among the participants of a system of social cooperation. I argue that this understanding of distributive justice can provide a compelling rationale for considering moral personality as the basis of equality for this domain of morality. That moral persons are indeed equal is further supported by an intuitive argument concerning the irrelevance of morally arbitrary factors, giving us reasons to believe that varying capacities among moral persons does not result in an unequal moral status. The dismissal of Rawls's account of equality has thus been premature, and it remains an important view to consider.
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19.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • ESG investment: What do we learn from its interaction with stock, currency and commodity markets?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International journal of finance and economics. - : WILEY. - 1076-9307 .- 1099-1158. ; 27, s. 3623-3639
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines ESG portfolios causal relationship with conventional and ethical equity prices, exchange rates and commodity prices. Using multi-scale wavelet decomposition, asset returns are decomposed into three timescales (short-, medium- and long-term), and a three-step filtered framework is used to explore dynamic non-linear linkages. We document significant bidirectional causal relationship between ESG, conventional and ethical equity portfolio returns. While the causality persists from the short- to medium-term, it is relatively weaker in the long-term. We further observe statistically significant causality running from ESG portfolio returns to currency and commodity returns. This causality is strongest in the short-term, turns weaker in the medium-term and, in some instances, disappears in the long-term. These results are generally robust for the use of original returns and VAR-filtered returns. However, as we control for conditional heteroskedasticity in the return series, the causality appears weaker particularly between ESG portfolio and commodity returns. Our results have important implications for planning portfolio allocation and devising hedging and diversification strategies.
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20.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Facilitating clinically relevant skin tumor diagnostics with spectroscopy-driven machine learning
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the dawning era of artificial intelligence (AI), health care stands to undergo a significant transformation with the increasing digitalization of patient data. Digital imaging, in particular, will serve as an important platform for AI to aid decision making and diagnostics. A growing number of studies demonstrate the potential of automatic pre-surgical skin tumor delineation, which could have tremendous impact on clinical practice. However, current methods rely on having ground truth images in which tumor borders are already identified, which is not clinically possible. We report a novel approach where hyperspectral images provide spectra from small regions representing healthy tissue and tumor, which are used to generate prediction maps using artificial neural networks (ANNs), after which a segmentation algorithm automatically identifies the tumor borders. This circumvents the need for ground truth images, since an ANN model is trained with data from each individual patient, representing a more clinically relevant approach.
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21.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Freedom, Equality, and Justifiability to All : Reinterpreting Liberal Legitimacy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Ethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1382-4554 .- 1572-8609. ; 26, s. 591-612
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • According to John Rawls’s famous Liberal Principle of Legitimacy, the exercise of political power is legitimate only if it is justifiable to all citizens. The currently dominant interpretation of what is justifiable to persons in this sense is an internalist one. On this view, what is justifiable to persons depends on their beliefs and commitments. In this paper I challenge this reading of Rawls’s principle, and instead suggest that it is most plausibly interpreted in externalist terms. On this alternative view, what is justifiable to persons is not in any way dependent on, or relativized to, their beliefs and commitments. Instead, what is justifiable to all in the relevant sense is what all could accept as free and equal. I defend this reinterpretation of the view by showing how it is supported by Rawls’s account of the freedom and equality of persons. In addition, a considerable advantage of this suggestion is that it allows for an inclusive account of to whom the exercise of political power must be made justifiable.
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22.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Ian Shapiro The State of Democratic Theory
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - 1402-2710 .- 2002-3383. ; 14:3, s. 55-63
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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23.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Lena Andersson Om falsk och äkta liberalism
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - 1402-2710 .- 2002-3383. ; 23:2, s. 49-56
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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24.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Likvärdighet som filosofiskt problem
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Demokratin som bildningsväg. - : Carlssons Bokförlag. - 9789189065444 ; , s. 45-54
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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25.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Low pericyte coverage of endometrial microvessels in heavy menstrual bleeding correlates with the microvessel expression of VEGF-A.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-244X .- 1107-3756. ; 35:2, s. 433-438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A prospective clinical study was carried out to investigate whether endometrial microvessels in patients with idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) of endometrial origin (HMB-E) are fragile due to low pericyte coverage. Idiopathic HMB-E is characterized by large endothelial cell gaps related to the microvascular overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF receptors 1-3. A total of 10 women with a normal menstrual cycle and a history of HMB of <5 years, and 17 healthy women with a normal menstrual cycle were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital. Blood samples were obtained for hormone analysis and coagulation tests. Endometrial biopsies were collected in the proliferative or in the secretory phase. Pericyte coverage was assessed using immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin-α (SMAα) and by image analysis (microvascular density) of endometrial biopsies from 10 patients with HMB-E and 17 healthy ovulating women (control subjects). Previously published data on endothelial cell gap size and the expression of VEGF receptors were used. Although microvascular density did not differ between the patients with HMB-E and the control subjects, the number of SMAα-positive microvessels in the proliferative phase was significantly (P=0.005) lower in the patients with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Moreover, the number of SMAα-positive microvessels in the control subjects was significantly fewer in the secretory (P=0.04) than in the proliferative phase, whereas this number did not differ among the patients with HMB-E regardless of phase. A significant negative correlation was observed between the number of VEGF-A-positive microvessels and microvessels with pericyte coverage (r=0.8; P=0.04). Finally, the endothelial cell layer was significantly thicker in the patients with HMB-E than in the control subjects. Thus, the upregulation of VEGF-A in idiopathic HMB-E is associated with a low pericyte coverage during the proliferative phase of intense angiogenesis, which may confer vessel fragility, possibly leading to excessive blood loss.
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26.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Per Bauhn Leva fritt och leva väl
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Filosofisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm. - 0348-7482. ; :3
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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28.
  • Andersson, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Projected sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter of next-generation semiconductor detectors
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; 2020:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We compute the projected sensitivity to dark matter (DM) particles in the sub-GeV mass range of future direct detection experiments using germanium and silicon semiconductor targets. We perform this calculation within the dark photon model for DM-electron interactions using the likelihood ratio as a test statistic, Monte Carlo simulations, and background models that we extract from recent experimental data. We present our results in terms of DM-electron scattering cross section values required to reject the background only hypothesis in favour of the background plus DM signal hypothesis with a statistical significance, Z, corresponding to 3 or 5 standard deviations. We also test the stability of our conclusions under changes in the astrophysical parameters governing the local space and velocity distribution of DM in the Milky Way. In the best-case scenario, when a high-voltage germanium detector with an exposure of 50 kg-year and a CCD silicon detector with an exposure of 1 kg-year and a dark current rate of 1×10-7 counts/pixel/day have simultaneously reported a DM signal, we find that the smallest cross section value compatible with Z=3 (Z=5) is about 4×10-42 cm2 (6×10-42 cm2) for contact interactions, and 2.5×10-41 cm2 (4×10-41 cm2) for long-range interactions. Our sensitivity study extends and refine previous works in terms of background models, statistical methods, and treatment of the underlying astrophysical uncertainties.
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29.
  • Andersson, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification of chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and N-glycans in synovial fluid – A technical performance study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open. - 2665-9131. ; 5:3, s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveTo validate a quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid, and to analyze glycan-patterns in patient samples.DesignSynovial fluid from osteoarthritis (OA, n ​= ​25) and knee-injury (n ​= ​13) patients, a synovial fluid pool (SF-control) and purified aggrecan, were chondroitinase digested and together with CS- and HA-standards fluorophore labelled prior to quantitative HPLC analysis. N-glycan profiles of synovial fluid and aggrecan were assessed by mass spectrometry.ResultsUnsaturated uronic acid and sulfated-N-acetylgalactosamine (ΔUA-GalNAc4S and ΔUA-GalNAc6S) contributed to 95% of the total CS-signal in the SF-control sample. For HA and the CS variants in SF-control the intra- and inter-experiment coefficient of variation was between 3–12% and 11–19%, respectively; tenfold dilution gave recoveries between 74 and 122%, and biofluid stability test (room temperature storage and freeze-thaw cycles) showed recoveries between 81 and 140%. Synovial fluid concentrations of the CS variants ΔUA-GalNAc6S and ΔUA2S-GalNAc6S were three times higher in the recent injury group compared to the OA group, while HA was four times lower. Sixty-one different N-glycans were detected in the synovial fluid samples, but there were no differences in levels of N-glycan classes between patient groups. The CS-profile (levels of ΔUA-GalNAc4S and ΔUA-GalNAc6S) in synovial fluid resembled that of purified aggrecan from corresponding samples; the contribution to the N-glycan profile in synovial fluid from aggrecan was low.ConclusionsThe HPLC-assay is suitable for analyzing CS variants and HA in synovial fluid samples, and the GAG-pattern differs between OA and recently knee injured subjects.
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30.
  • Andersson, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification of chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and N-glycans in synovial fluid – A technical performance study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open. - 2665-9131. ; 5:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To validate a quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid, and to analyze glycan-patterns in patient samples. Design: Synovial fluid from osteoarthritis (OA, n = 25) and knee-injury (n = 13) patients, a synovial fluid pool (SF-control) and purified aggrecan, were chondroitinase digested and together with CS- and HA-standards fluorophore labelled prior to quantitative HPLC analysis. N-glycan profiles of synovial fluid and aggrecan were assessed by mass spectrometry. Results: Unsaturated uronic acid and sulfated-N-acetylgalactosamine (ΔUA-GalNAc4S and ΔUA-GalNAc6S) contributed to 95% of the total CS-signal in the SF-control sample. For HA and the CS variants in SF-control the intra- and inter-experiment coefficient of variation was between 3–12% and 11–19%, respectively; tenfold dilution gave recoveries between 74 and 122%, and biofluid stability test (room temperature storage and freeze-thaw cycles) showed recoveries between 81 and 140%. Synovial fluid concentrations of the CS variants ΔUA-GalNAc6S and ΔUA2S-GalNAc6S were three times higher in the recent injury group compared to the OA group, while HA was four times lower. Sixty-one different N-glycans were detected in the synovial fluid samples, but there were no differences in levels of N-glycan classes between patient groups. The CS-profile (levels of ΔUA-GalNAc4S and ΔUA-GalNAc6S) in synovial fluid resembled that of purified aggrecan from corresponding samples; the contribution to the N-glycan profile in synovial fluid from aggrecan was low. Conclusions: The HPLC-assay is suitable for analyzing CS variants and HA in synovial fluid samples, and the GAG-pattern differs between OA and recently knee injured subjects.
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31.
  • Andersson, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification of chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronan in synovial fluid using high performance liquid chromatography
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 30:Suppl 1, s. 106-106
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Extracellular proteins such as aggrecan may be primed with specific glycan-patterns which result in their degradation, and hence may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). To be able to use glycans as molecular biomarkers, the method of analysis of these molecules needs to be validated. The primary aim of this study was to validate quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan (HA) in synovial fluid samples. The secondary aim was to examine the glycan-pattern in different subject groups, and the correlation between age and the concentration of specific glycans.Methods: OA (n=25, age=36-86 years, 40% women) and recent knee injury patients (0-5 days from injury; n=13, age=36-64 years, 46% women) were selected from a cross-sectional convenience cohort. Individual synovial fluid samples, a synovial fluid pool (SF-control; n=7) and a CS quality control sample (CS-QC; Sigma #C2905) were digested with chondroitinase ABC overnight. Samples and glycan standards (CS [n=8] and HA [n=1] standards from Iduron) were labelled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and analyzed using a quantitative HPLC assay. Aggrecan from synovial fluid samples (n=6) was purified using density centrifugation (D1 mini-prep). Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) were quantified using Alcian blue precipitation. Since the CS, HA and sGAG data were not normally distributed, non-parametric analyses for group comparisons were done. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Synovial fluid samples were digested with varying concentrations of chondroitinase ABC and analyzed with the HPLC assay; 5 mU chondroitinase ABC per μg sGAG gave the highest CS- and HA-signals and were chosen for the rest of the study (data not shown).The CS profiles in synovial fluid and on aggrecan purified from corresponding synovial fluids were assessed from six knee injury patients. Of the six CS-markers that were detected, uronic acid (UA)-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was only present in aggrecan samples, while UA2S-GalNAc and UA2S-GalNAc6S were found only in the synovial fluids. Similar proportions of UA-GalNAc4S and UA-GalNAc6S were found in synovial fluids and aggrecan samples (Figure 1), and these CS-glycans accounted for 95% of all glycans in the SF-control sample (Table 1).The technical performance of CS- and HA-markers using HPLC-assay were evaluated (Table 1). Of the nine markers, five were present in the majority of the synovial fluid samples (N=20-38) and included in the investigation of the technical performance. The mean intra coefficient of variation (CV) for the synovial fluid samples was between 1.2 and 12.9%. For the SF-control sample, the mean intra CV was 3.3-12.1% and the inter CV was 11.0-18.5%. For the CS-QC sample, the mean intra CV was 2.5-9.5% and the mean inter CV was 3.3-31.7%. For the glycan standards, the mean intra CV was 0.2-7.0%. With dilution of the SF-control sample up to 1:10, the dilution recovery rate for the five CS- and HA-markers was mainly between 75 and 125%.The synovial fluid concentration of biomarkers UA-GalNAc6S and UA2s-GalNAc6s and sGAG were approximately 2 to 3 times higher for the recent injury group compared to the age-matched OA group, while the HA levels were 3.7 times lower for the recent injury group (data not shown). No difference in biomarker concentrations were found between the sexes in any of the patient groups (data not shown). For correlation assessments, the two patient groups were merged (total N=38, assessment N = between 20 and 38). Synovial fluid concentrations of HA and UA-GalNAc4S,6S correlated positively with age (rS=0.420 and 0.532, respectively) while UA-GalNAc6S and sGAG correlated negatively with age (rS=-0.333 and -0.528, respectively). HA correlated negatively with UA-GalNAc6S (rS=-0.462) and sGAG (rS=-0.472) and positively with UA-GalNAc4S,6S (rS=0.868).Conclusions: The technical performance of the HPLC-assay indicates that the method is suitable for analyzing CS and HA markers in synovial fluid samples. Our results suggest that: the vast majority of CS in synovial fluid derives from aggrecan, the glycan pattern differs between OA and knee injured subjects and that the concentrations of some of the CS-markers seem to be associated with HA and age.
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32.
  • Andersson, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification Of Glycosaminoglycans In Knee Synovial Fluid From Different Patient Groups And Knee-Healthy Subjects Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 31:Suppl 1, s. 109-109
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are important for the normal function of articular cartilage, and changes of their sulfation and concentration may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, these glycans may be clinically useful as biomarkers in OA management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CS and HA pattern in knee synovial fluid from different subject groups.Methods: OA patients (n=20, age=34-75 years, 45% women), recently knee-injured patients (0-77 days from injury, n=46, age 15-64 years, 15% women), previously knee-injured patients (88 days-21 years from injury, n=30, age 25-65 years, 17% women) and knee-healthy subjects (n=22, age 17-48 years, 23% women) were selected from a cross-sectional convenience cohort. CS and HA in individual synovial fluid samples, a synovial fluid quality control sample (SF-QC; a pool of synovial fluids) and a CS quality control sample (CS-QC) were digested with chondroitinase ABC and glucose oxidase overnight. Samples and glycan standards (CS [n=6] and HA [n=1] standards) were labelled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and analyzed using a quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. In total, 118 synovial fluid samples were run, whereof 34 in duplicates. SF-QC, CS-QC and standards were run in duplicates.Since the CS and HA data were not normally distributed, non-parametric analyses for group comparisons were done (Student’s T-test for age analysis, Chi-square test for sex analysis and Mann-Whitney U test for CS and HA analysis). The significance level was set at pResults: HPLC assay validation: The intra experiment coefficient of variation (CV) for the synovial fluid samples (n=36; including SF-QC) was 0.03-36.9% (median 5.4%) for CS and 0.4-44.9% (median 7.6%) for HA; intra CV for the CS-QC sample was 0.01-3.7%, and for the standards it was 0.2-6.7% for CS and 1.9-7.1% for HA. The inter experiment CV for SF-QC (n=5 experiments) was 9.8-17.5% for CS and 15.1% for HA; the inter CV for CS-QC (n=4 experiments) was 3.4-6.1%, and for the standards (n=5 experiments) it was 0.01-0.07% for CS and 0.1% for HA. Glucose oxidase was added to remove glucose that otherwise co-elutes with non-sulfated CS; it did not affect the CS and HA standards (data not shown). Group comparisons: Comparisons were made between the knee-healthy control group and the OA, recent injury and previous injury groups respectively, as well as between the recent injury and previous injury groups. There was no difference in sex between either of the groups (p=0.074-0.866). There was no difference in age between the knee-healthy group and the recent injury group (p=0.330), but the knee-healthy group was younger than the previous injury group and the OA group (pConclusions: Our data suggests that the groups with knee pathologies have higher concentrations of some CS variants and HA than the knee-healthy group. We also see a trend of higher levels of CS variants in the recent knee injury group compared to the previous knee injury group. This indicates that there is both an acute and chronic increase in the concentrations of CS variants and HA in synovial fluid following knee injury and/or cartilage damage.
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33.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982- (författare)
  • Reinterpreting Liberal Legitimacy
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis is an inquiry into the Liberal Principle of Legitimacy, formulated by John Rawls in his later writings. According to this principle, the exercise of political power is legitimate only if it is justifiable to all citizens. This view can be interpreted in different ways, and I argue that the presently most popular way of doing so faces serious problems. The aim is to identify and defend a more plausible version of the principle, which overcomes these problems, and yet preserves the most essential and appealing features of the approach. Among the most central issues for how to interpret the principle are how to understand the notion of justifiability to a person, and who should be included in the group of persons referred to as "all citizens". On the currently received view, only justifiability to those who count as "reasonable" matter, and justifiability to these persons is understood in non-moral terms, as being determined by what is accessible to them, given the beliefs that they happen to hold. I argue that we have good reasons to reject both of these suggestions. We should instead spell out justifiability to a person in terms of what could be reasonably accepted in a moral sense, which allows us to retain the appealing idea that legitimacy is dependent on justifiability to all citizens over whom political power is exercised. I further suggest that we can use the original position – Rawls’s version of the social contract – to determine what is justifiable to all in this sense. I defend this suggestion against the expected objection that it will not be able to take reasonable pluralism – the assumption of deep disagreement between citizens – into account, by explaining why we should sharply distinguish this principle of political legitimacy from the theory of Political Liberalism. This distinction also contributes to my response to the objection, raised against this principle, that it is self-defeating. That my suggested interpretation allows us to convincingly respond to this line of criticism is yet another reason as to why it is preferable to the standard view.
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34.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • T-cell commitment inheritance—an agent-based multi-scale model
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: npj Systems Biology and Applications. - 2056-7189. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • T-cell development provides an excellent model system for studying lineage commitment from a multipotent progenitor. The intrathymic development process has been thoroughly studied. The molecular circuitry controlling it has been dissected and the necessary steps like programmed shut off of progenitor genes and T-cell genes upregulation have been revealed. However, the exact timing between decision-making and commitment stage remains unexplored. To this end, we implemented an agent-based multi-scale model to investigate inheritance in early T-cell development. Treating each cell as an agent provides a powerful tool as it tracks each individual cell of a simulated T-cell colony, enabling the construction of lineage trees. Based on the lineage trees, we introduce the concept of the last common ancestors (LCA) of committed cells and analyse their relations, both at single-cell level and population level. In addition to simulating wild-type development, we also conduct knockdown analysis. Our simulations predicted that the commitment is a three-step process that occurs on average over several cell generations once a cell is first prepared by a transcriptional switch. This is followed by the loss of the Bcl11b-opposing function approximately two to three generations later. This is when our LCA analysis indicates that the decision to commit is taken even though in general another one to two generations elapse before the cell actually becomes committed by transitioning to the DN2b state. Our results showed that there is decision inheritance in the commitment mechanism.
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35.
  • Andersson, Emil, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • The Repugnant Conclusion : An Overview
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Intergenerational Ethics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780190881931 - 9780190881962
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The repugnant conclusion can be formulated as follows: For any population consisting of people with very high positive welfare, there is a better population in which everyone has a very low positive welfare, other things being equal. As the name indicates, this conclusion appears unacceptable. Yet it has proven to be surprisingly difficult to find a theory that avoids it without implying other very counterintuitive conclusions. Moreover, the conclusion is a problem not just for total utilitarians or those committed to welfarism but for all moral theories according to which welfare matters at least when all other things are equal, which arguably is a minimal adequacy condition for any moral theory. And, not the least, how to deal with it has implications for the present generations’ duties to future generations and intergenerational justice. The question as to how the repugnant conclusion should be dealt with has thus become one of the cardinal challenges of modern ethics, and the inquiry into what it shows about the nature of ethics has opened up many new avenues for research. This chapter covers the different suggestions in the literature on how to do deal with the conclusion, both on the axiological and on the normative levels. Moreover, the conclusion and different ways of deriving it are explained in detail.
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36.
  • Andersson, Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Vortex filament method 3D analysis of design parameters for counter-rotating axis floating tilted turbine
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: EERA DeepWind conference 2023. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Counter-Rotating Axis Floating Tilted turbine (CRAFT) is a new design for floating off-shore wind power, which utilizes a low center of gravity and allows the tower to tilt to mitigate costs for platforming.In this study, 3D simulations of the CRAFT have been performed to investigate the effect from the tower's tilt angle on the aerodynamics of the turbine using a vortex filament method. Due to lack of empirical data of the CRAFT, the method has been benchmark tested against a previous project on a vertical axis wind turbine.Using this method, the blades' twist angle has been set to achieve good lift-to-drag ratio along the entire blade. Furthermore, the blades' chord length has been determined for optimal Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) 6 when the tower is tilted 30 degrees from vertical position.The CRAFT has been simulated vertically and tilted 15°, 30° and 45°, for TSRs ranging between 4 and 9. The power coefficients (CP) and normal forces have been determined, and velocity plots are presented to show how the near-wake develops.The results from this study serves as a basis for further development and design of the CRAFT.
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37.
  • Andersson, Kasper G, et al. (författare)
  • Revision of deposition and weathering parameters for the ingestion dose module (ECOSYS) of the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of environmental radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1700 .- 0265-931X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ECOSYS model is the ingestion dose model integrated in the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems for nuclear emergency management. The parameters used in this model have however not been updated in recent years, where the level of knowledge on various environmental processes has increased considerably. A Nordic work group has carried out a series of evaluations of the general validity of current ECOSYS default parameters. This paper specifically discusses the parameter revisions required with respect to the modelling of deposition and natural weathering of contaminants on agricultural crops, to enable the trustworthy prognostic modelling that is essential to ensure justification and optimisation of countermeasure strategies. New modelling approaches are outlined, since it was found that current ECOSYS approaches for deposition and natural weathering could lead to large prognostic errors.
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38.
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39.
  • Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of central versus peripheral effects of estradiol in ovariectomized mice
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: J Endocrinol. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 187:2, s. 303-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is generally believed that estrogens exert their bone sparing effects directly on the cells within the bone compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate if central mechanisms might be involved in the bone sparing effect of estrogens. The dose-response of central (i.c.v) 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration was compared with that of peripheral (s.c.) administration in ovariectomized (ovx) mice. The dose-response curves for central and peripheral E2 administration did not differ for any of the studied estrogen-responsive tissues, indicating that these effects were mainly peripheral. In addition, ovx mice were treated with E2 and/or the peripheral estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. ICI 182,780 attenuated most of the estrogenic response regarding uterus weight, retroperitoneal fat weight, cortical BMC and trabecular bone mineral content (P<0.05). These findings support the notion that the primary target tissue that mediates the effect of E2 on bone is peripheral and not central.
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40.
  • Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Versican in inflammation and tissue remodelling: the impact on lung disorders.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 25:3, s. 243-251
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Versican is a proteoglycan that has many different roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. The biochemical structure is comprised of four different types of the core protein with attached glycosaminoglycans that can be sulphated to various extents and has the capacity to regulate differentiation of different cell types, migration, cell adhesion, proliferation, tissue stabilization and inflammation. Versican's regulatory properties are of importance during both homeostasis and changes that lead to disease progression. The glycosaminoglycans that are attached to the core protein are of the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate type and are known to be important in inflammation through interactions with cytokines and growth factors. For a more complex understanding of versican it is of importance to study the tissue niche, where the wound healing process in both healthy and diseased conditions take place. In previous studies our group has identified changes in the amount of the multifaceted versican in chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which could be a result of pathologic, transforming growth factor β driven, on-going remodelling processes. Reversely, the context of versican in its niche is of great importance since versican has been reported to have a beneficial role in other contexts e.g. emphysema. Here we explore the vast mechanisms of versican in healthy lung and in lung disorders.
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41.
  • Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of statins on mortality and cardiovascular disease in primary care hypertensive patients without other cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - 2047-4881. ; 30:17, s. 1883-1894
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies in primary health care (PHC) assessing the effect of primary prevention with statins on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the effect of statins on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in individuals in PHC with hypertension without CVD or diabetes.Using the Swedish PHC quality assurance register QregPV, the study included 13 193 individuals with hypertension without CVD or diabetes, who had filled a first statin prescription between 2010 and 2016, and 13 193 matched controls without a filled statin prescription at index date. Controls were matched on sex and propensity score using clinical data and data from national registers on co-morbidities, prescriptions, and socioeconomic status. The effect of statins was estimated in Cox regression models.During a median of 4.2 years of follow-up, 395 individuals in the statin group versus 475 in the control group died, 197 versus 232 died of cardiovascular disease, 171 versus 191 had a MI, and 161 versus 181 had a stroke. The treatment effect of statins was significant for all-cause mortality (HR 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.93) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72-0.998). Overall, no significant treatment effect of statins was seen for MI (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.74-1.07), but there was a significant interaction with sex (p=0.008) with decreased risk of MI for women but not for men (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.88 versus HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.38).Primary prevention with statins in PHC was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and in women, lower risk of MI.
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42.
  • Bager, Johan-Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Acute blood pressure levels and long-term outcome in ischemic stroke.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Brain and behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279. ; 8:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Elevated blood pressure (BP) is common in acute ischemic stroke, but its effect on outcome is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the association of baseline BP and BP change within the first day after stroke with stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality.Patients admitted to hospital with acute ischemic stroke (IS) from 15 February 2005 through 31 May 2009 were consecutively included. Acute stroke severity and functional outcome at three and twelve months were investigated using multivariate regression analysis; the association between BP and all-cause mortality at one, three, and twelve was investigated by Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.A total of 799 patients (mean age 78.4±8.0, 48% men) were included. Higher decreases in systolic and mean arterial blood pressure (ΔSBP and ΔMAP) were associated with decreased 1-month mortality (ΔSBP: hazard ratio, HR: 0.981; 95% CI: 0.968 - 0.994; p=.005), 3-month mortality (ΔSBP: HR 0.989; 95% CI 0.981 - 0.998; p-value .014), and twelve-month mortality (ΔSBP: HR 0.989; 95% CI 0.982 - 0.996; p-value .003). Stroke severity was associated with ΔMAP (B coefficient -.46, p-value .011). Higher SBP and MAP on admission were associated with better functional outcome at three (SBP: OR 0.987; 95% CI 0.978 - 0.997; p-value .008 - MAP: OR 0.985; 95% CI 0.971 - 1; p-value .046) and twelve (SBP: OR 0.988; 95% CI 0.979 - 0.998; p-value .015 - MAP: OR 0.983; 95% CI 0.968 - 0.997; p-value .02) months.In this elderly population, higher BP on arrival to the emergency room (ER) and decrease in BP after the patients' arrival to the ward were associated with improved functional outcome and reduced mortality, respectively. These results may reflect a regulatory situation in which elevated initial blood pressure indicates adequate response to cerebral tissue ischemia while subsequent blood pressure decrease instead may be a consequence of partial, successful reperfusion.
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43.
  • Bager, Johan-Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Hypertension: sex-related differences in drug treatment, prevalence and blood pressure control in primary care.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of human hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5527. ; 37, s. 662-670
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Antihypertensive treatment is equally beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk in both men and women. Despite this, the drug treatment, prevalence and control of hypertension differ between men and women. Men and women respond differently, particularly with respect to the risk of adverse events, to many antihypertensive drugs. Certain antihypertensive drugs may also be especially beneficial in the setting of certain comorbidities - of both cardiovascular and extracardiac nature - which also differ between men and women. Furthermore, hypertension in pregnancy can pose a considerable therapeutic challenge for women and their physicians in primary care. In addition, data from population-based studies and from real-world data are inconsistent regarding whether men or women attain hypertension-related goals to a higher degree. In population-based studies, women with hypertension have higher rates of treatment and controlled blood pressure than men, whereas real-world, primary-care data instead show better blood pressure control in men. Men and women are also treated with different antihypertensive drugs: women use more thiazide diuretics and men use more angiotensin-enzyme inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers. This narrative review explores these sex-related differences with guidance from current literature. It also features original data from a large, Swedish primary-care register, which showed that blood pressure control was better in women than men until they reached their late sixties, after which the situation was reversed. This age-related decrease in blood pressure control in women was not, however, accompanied by a proportional increase in use of antihypertensive drugs and female sex was a significant predictor of less intensive antihypertensive treatment.
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44.
  • Bager, Johan-Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term risk-factor control and secondary prevention are insufficient after first TIA: Results from QregPV.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European stroke journal. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 9:1, s. 154-161
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Long-term risk-factor control and secondary prevention are not well characterized in patients with a first transient ischemic attack (TIA). With baseline levels as reference, we compared primary-care data on blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking, and use of antihypertensives, statins and antiplatelet treatment/oral anticoagulation (APT/OAC) during 5years after a first TIA.Patients in QregPV, a Swedish primary-care register for the Region of Västra Götaland, with a first TIA discharge diagnosis from wards proficient in stroke care 2010 to 2012 were identified and followed up to 5years. BP, LDL-C, smoking, use of antihypertensives, statins, APT/OAC, and achievement of target levels were calculated. We used logistic mixed-effect models to analyze the effect of follow-up over time on risk-factor control and secondary prevention treatment.We identified 942 patients without prior cerebrovascular disease who had a first TIA. Compared to baseline, the first year of follow-up was associated with improvements in concomitant attainment of BP <140/90mmHg, LDL-C<2.6mmol/L and non-smoking, which rose from 20% to 33% (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.38-3.13), but then stagnated in years 2-5. In the first year of follow-up, 47% of patients had complete secondary prevention treatment (antihypertensives, APT/OAC and statin), but continued follow-up was associated with a yearly decrease in secondary prevention treatment (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.94-0.98).Risk-factor control was inadequate, leaving considerable potential for improved secondary prevention treatment after a first TIA in Swedish patients followed up to 5years.
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45.
  • Bager, Johan-Emil, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in blood pressure, blood lipids, and smoking from 259 753 patients with hypertension in a Swedish primary care register: results from QregPV.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4881 .- 2047-4873. ; 29:1, s. 158-166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To describe 8-year trends in blood pressure (BP) control, blood lipid control, and smoking habits in patients with hypertension from QregPV, a primary care register in the Region of Västra Götaland, Sweden.QregPV features clinical data on BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and smoking habits in 392 277 patients with hypertension or coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus or any combination of the three diagnoses. Data from routine clinical practice have been automatically reported on a monthly basis to QregPV from all primary care centres in Västra Götaland (population 1.67 million) since 2010. Additional data on diagnoses, dispensed drugs and socioeconomic factors were acquired through linkage to regional and national registers. We identified 259 753 patients with hypertension, but without coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus, in QregPV. From 2010 to 2017, the proportion of patients with BP <140/90mmHg increased from 38.9% to 49.1%, while the proportion of patients with LDL-C <2.6mmol/L increased from 19.7% to 21.1% and smoking decreased from 15.7% to 12.3%. However, in 2017, only 10.0% of all patients with hypertension had attained target levels of BP <140/90mmHg, LDL-C<2.6mmol/L while being also non-smokers. The remaining 90.0% were still exposed to at least one uncontrolled, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.These regionwide data from eight consecutive years in 259 753 patients with hypertension demonstrate a large potential for risk factor improvement. An increased use of statins and antihypertensive drugs should, in addition to lifestyle modifications, decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in these patients.
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46.
  • Bergström, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Self-report tool for identification of individuals with coronary atherosclerosis : the Swedish cardiopulmonary bioimage study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly.CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
  •  
47.
  • Bergström, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; , s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
  •  
48.
  • Berron, David, et al. (författare)
  • Hippocampal subregional thinning related to tau pathology in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 18:S1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Subregions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are affected early by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and subject to grey matter atrophy. Measuring the earliest AD-related atrophy in the hippocampus is challenging as region-of-interest (ROI) analyses of hippocampal subregional volumes collapse across voxels within anatomical subregions. PET imaging studies, however, report accumulation of tau pathology between anatomical subregions in the earliest disease stages (Berron et al., 2021) fitting reports from the neuropathological literature (Lace et al., 2019; Ravikumar et al., 2021). Thus, sensitive in vivo methods of point-wise structural measures are needed in order to detect the earliest hippocampal thinning in AD along the anterior-posterior as well as the medial-lateral hippocampal axis. Method: Here we analyzed data from 76 amyloid-beta negative (Ab-) cognitively normal (CN), 46 Ab+ CN individuals and 25 Ab+ patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the BioFINDER-2 study, who underwent 7 Tesla T2-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging, tau positron emission tomography imaging (using 18F-RO-948) and cognitive assessments. First, we segmented hippocampal subfields and extrahippocampal subregions. Second, we calculated point-wise hippocampal thickness estimates (Diers et al.) of hippocampal subfields subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA)1, CA2 and CA3 on the level of the hippocampal body. Thirdly, we extracted local tau-PET SUVR from Area 35 (A35), entorhinal cortex and amygdala. Finally, we assessed relationships between hippocampal local thickness and tau accumulation as well as cognitive performance. Result: Our analyses revealed earliest hippocampal thinning associated with tau accumulation in an area spanning the boundary of subiculum and CA1 at the level of the anterior hippocampal body. Ab+ MCI patients showed more posterior thinning in comparison to Ab- CU participants. Median thickness in an ROI comprising vertices with A35 tau-related thinning (A35-TauThinning-ROI) was significantly lower in MCI Ab+ and tended to be lower in CU Ab+ compared to CU Ab-. Higher median thickness in the hippocampal A35-TauThinning-ROI, but not whole CA1 nor subiculum thickness, was associated with better 10-Word-Delayed-Recall and higher PACC scores. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tau-related thinning of hippocampal subregions can be observed already in early disease stages. Tau-related point-wise thickness measures were more sensitive compared to volumetric measures of anatomical subregions.
  •  
49.
  • Bhatt, Deepak L., et al. (författare)
  • Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the effect of ticagrelor on health outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients Intervention study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 42:5, s. 498-505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the setting of prior myocardial infarction, the oral antiplatelet ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced the risk of recurrent ischemic events, especially, in those with diabetes mellitus. Patients with stable coronary disease and diabetes are also at elevated risk and might benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy. The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS, NCT01991795) is a Phase 3b randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of ticagrelor vs placebo, on top of low dose aspirin. Patients >= 50 years with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic medications for at least 6 months with stable coronary artery disease as determined by a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention, bypass grafting, or angiographic stenosis of >= 50% of at least one coronary artery were enrolled. Patients with known prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke were excluded. The primary efficacy endpoint is a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The primary safety endpoint is Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding. A total of 19 220 patients worldwide have been randomized and at least 1385 adjudicated primary efficacy endpoint events are expected to be available for analysis, with an expected average follow-up of 40 months (maximum 58 months). Most of the exposure is on a 60 mg twice daily dose, as the dose was lowered from 90 mg twice daily partway into the study. The results may revise the boundaries of efficacy for dual antiplatelet therapy and whether it has a role outside acute coronary syndromes, prior myocardial infarction, or percutaneous coronary intervention.
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50.
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