| 1. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial banking, insurance and economic growth in Sweden between 1830 and 1998
- 2009
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Ingår i: Accounting Business and Financial History. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0958-5206 .- 1466-4275. ; 19:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine empirically the dynamic historical relation between commercial bank lending, insurance and economic (income) growth in Sweden using time-series data from 1830 to 1998 and performing tests for Granger causality. Because of the non-stationary nature of the time series examined the procedure of Toda andYamamoto (1995) is used. Our results, which have accounted for possible regime changes due to different exchange rate mechanisms over time, indicate that insurance has Granger-caused economic growth and bank lending. Therefore, we conclude that insurance is an important prerequisite for stimulating economic growth and that this could have important implications for contemporary developing economies.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Road Friction Estimation
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project is part of the Swedish IVSS program. The aim of IVSS is to stimulate research and development for the road safety of the future. Road conditions with low friction have been identified as a frequent cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, technology to automaticallydetect changes in road conditions and alert the driver or take proper actions with active driver support systems would be a key contribution to increased road safety.The aim of this project was to investigate the possibilities to estimate the tire to road friction.Three different approaches have been developed and evaluated, from concept to early prototypes in test vehicles. In the first method, the estimation of the coefficient of friction is based on the forces and torques that are produced at the front tires at cornering maneuvers.The second method is based on a physical model of the tire behavior and estimates road friction from information on the forces that are produced at straight driving. The third method is based on an optical sensor that classifies the road surface ahead of the vehicle.The three methods have been successfully evaluated in proving ground and public road tests in summer and winter conditions with different tires, and have been compared with reference measurements. The conclusion is that all three methods can be used for tire to road frictionestimation and are recommended for further development and industrialization.
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| 3. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Meirelles, Luiz, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Bone reaction to nano hydroxyapatite modified titanium implants placed in a gap-healing model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal Biomedical MAterials Research - A. - : Wiley. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 87:3, s. 624-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanohydroxyapatite materials show similar chemistry to the bone apatite and depending on the underlying topography and the method of preparation, the nanohydroxyapatite may simulate the specific arrangement of the crystals in bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and other CaP materials have been indicated in cases in which the optimal surgical fit is not achievable during surgery, and the HA surface properties may enhance bone filling of the defect area. In this study, very smooth electropolished titanium implants were used as substrata for nano-HA surface modification and as control. One of each implant (control and nano HA) was placed in the rabbit tibia in a surgical site 0.7 mm wider than the implant diameter, resulting in a gap of 0.35 mm on each implant side. Implant stability was ensured by a fixating plate fastened with two side screws. Topographical evaluation performed with an optical interferometer revealed the absence of microstructures on both implants and higher resolution evaluation with AFM showed similar nanoroughness parameters. Surface pores detected on the AFM measurements had similar diameter, depth, and surface porosity (%). Histological evaluation demonstrated similar bone formation for the nano HA and electropolished implants after 4 weeks of healing. These results do not support that nano-HA chemistry and nanotopography will enhance bone formation when placed in a gap-healing model. The very smooth surface may have prevented optimal activity of the material and future studies may evaluate the synergic effects of the surface chemistry, micro, and nanotopography, establishing the optimal parameters for each of them.
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| 7. |
- Meirelles, Luiz, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of hydroxyapatite and titania nanostructures on early in vivo bone response
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley. - 1708-8208 .- 1523-0899. ; 10:4, s. 245-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Hydroxyapatite or titania nano structures were applied on smooth titanium implant cylinders. The aim was to investigate whether nano HA may result in enhanced osseointegration compared to nano titania structures. Material and Methods: Surface topography evaluation included detailed characterization of nano size structures present at the implant surface combined with surface roughness parameters at the micro- and nano- meter level of resolution. Microstructures were removed from the surface to ensure that bone response observed was dependent only on the nanotopography and/or chemistry of the surface. Early in vivo bone response (4 weeks) evaluation was investigated in a rabbit model. Results: In the present study, nano titania coated implants showed an increased coverage area and feature density, forming a homogenous layer compared to nano HA implants. Bone response observed at 4 weeks could not be explained by the surface chemistry. New formed bone connected to the original cortical bone demonstrated an increase of 24% for the nano titania compared to the nano HA implant, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus, no evidence of enhanced bone formation to nano hydroxyapatite modified implants was observed compared to nano titania modified implants. The presence of specific nano structures; dependent on the surface modification exhibiting different size and distribution did modulate in vivo bone response.
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| 8. |
- Svanborg, Lory Melin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of bone healing on sandblasted and Acid etched implants coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite: an in vivo study in rabbit femur
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Dentistry. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8728 .- 1687-8736. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at investigating if a coating of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals would enhance bone healing over time in trabecular bone. Sandblasted and acid etched titanium implants with and without a submicron thick coat of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (nano-HA) were implanted in rabbit femur with healing times of 2, 4, and 9 weeks. Removal torque analyses and histological evaluations were performed. The torque analysis did not show any significant differences between the implants at any healing time. The control implant showed a tendency of more newly formed bone after 4 weeks of healing and significantly higher bone area values after 9 weeks of healing. According to the results from this present study, both control and nano-HA surfaces were biocompatible and osteoconductive. A submicron thick coating of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals deposited onto blasted and acid etched screw shaped titanium implants did not enhance bone healing, as compared to blasted and etched control implants when placed in trabecular bone.
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| 9. |
- Thorsson, Sofia, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting cities to climate induced risks - a coordinated approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate and Construction. ; , s. 173-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an era of changing climate there is a growing interest to create resilient cities, which can absorb and manage climate induce risks, such as heat waves and natural hazards (flooding, landslides etc). The increased frequencies and magnitudes of these climate hazards are expected to have a major impact on society. In order to maintain risks to society at acceptable levels, measures to reduce the vulnerability need to be taken. Such measures may, however, have significant non-expected and non-wanted impacts elsewhere on society. The need of holistic planning strategies becomes apparent. The overall aim of this new transdisciplinary research project is to develop knowledge and methods that enable an integrated assessment of the impact of climate induced risks on society. The free-port area in Gothenburg, Sweden, will has been selected for a case study that will sharpen both the individual scientific methods and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation and integration. The project brings together experts in urban climate, atmospheric science, natural risk assessment, stratified vulnerability and multi-criteria analyses with local city planners in an integrated research effort. Strategic plans for climate adaptation will be developed and proposed. The stakeholder involvement will promote transfer of knowledge and applicability of results.
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| 10. |
- Abdul Kader, Hale, et al.
(författare)
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The determinants of reinsurance in the Swedish property fire insurance market during the interwar years, 1919–39
- 2010
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 52:2, s. 268-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing a framework from agency theory, we use a panel data design to examine the factors motivating the level of demand for reinsurance in the rapidly developing Swedish property fire insurance market during the interwar period 1919–39. We find that as hypothesised, reinsurance enabled Swedish fire insurers to mitigate underwriting and solvency risks and thus increased their capacity to underwrite new business in uncertain economic times. This in turn helped to increase the supply of indemnity coverage for property (buildings) fire risks in the Swedish insurance market. We also find that as expected, investment earnings are inversely related to reinsurance purchases. However, contrary to what was hypothesised, reinsurance appears to be positively related to liquidity levels, suggesting that over our period of analysis, fire insurers could have been reinsuring to ‘protect’ earnings and accumulated cash reserves therefore enabling investment opportunities to be realised. Analysis of the sub-period 1919–28 further supports this contention, while our results for the economic depression years after 1929 show that reinsurance helped mitigate underwriting and insolvency risks, suggesting that the reinsurance decision of fire insurance companies could be motivated by macroeconomic factors.
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| 11. |
- Adamovic, Tatjana, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogene amplification in the proximal part of chromosome 6 in rat endometrial adenocarcinoma as revealed by combined BAC/PAC FISH, chromosome painting, zoo-FISH, and allelotyping.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Genes, chromosomes & cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 44:2, s. 139-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inbred BDII rat is a valuable experimental model for the genetic analysis of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC). One common aberration detected by comparative genomic hybridization in rat EAC was gain/amplification affecting the proximal part of rat chromosome 6 (RNO6). We applied rat and mouse chromosome painting probes onto tumor cell metaphase preparations in order to detect and characterize gross RNO6 aberrations. In addition, the RNO6q11-q16 segment was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes representing 12 cancer-related genes in the region. The analysis revealed that seven tumors contained large RNO6-derived homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) in addition to several normal or near-normal RNO6 chromosomes. Five tumors (two of which also had HSRs) exhibited a selective increase of the RNO6q11-q16 segment, sometimes in conjunction with moderate amplification of one or a few genes. Most commonly, the amplification affected the region centered around band 6q16 and included the Mycn, Ddx1, and Rrm2 genes. A second region, centering around Slc8a1 and Xdh, also was affected by gene amplification but to a lesser extent. The aberrations in the proximal part of RNO6 were further analyzed using allelotyping of microsatellite markers in all tumors from animals that were heterozygous in the proximal RNO6 region. We could detect allelic imbalance (AI) in 12 of 20 informative tumors, 6 of which were in addition to those already analyzed by molecular cytogenetic methods as described. Our findings suggest that increase/amplification of genes in this chromosome region contribute to the development of this hormone-dependent tumor.
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| 12. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Managing policy lapse risk in Sweden's life insurance market between 1915 and 1947
- 2020
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 62:2, s. 222-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the challenges that Swedish life insurers faced in managing the lapse risk of policies written on the lives of the industrial urban working class between 1915 and 1947. We observe that with the threat of State socialisation of insurance in the 1930s, industrial life insurers modified their business practices to better control policy lapses. Using firm-level data, we also analyse the effect of socio-economic changes, such as rising real wages, interest rate fluctuations and unemployment on life insurance policy lapses. Our results support contemporary tests of the emergency fund and interest rate explanations for the voluntary premature termination of life insurance policies.
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| 13. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Mutuality as a control for information asymmetry : a historical analysis of the claims experience of mutual and stock fire insur ance companies in Sweden, 1889 to 1939
- 2011
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Ingår i: Business History. - Ilford, Essex : Cass. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 53:7, s. 1074-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We test two competing arguments regarding the influence of organisational form onunderwritingperformance usingdatafromtheSwedish fireinsuranceindustry for the years 1889 to 1939 – a period of both economic growth and stagnation. Since mutuality is a response to information asymmetry problems, mutual insurers are expected to report lower annual claims relative to premiums than stock insurance companies. However, an alternative view is that stock insurers seek to reduce information asymmetry problems by issuing non-participatory rights insurance contracts with high deductibles that induce risk-sharing between the insurer’s shareholders and policyholders. This implies that stock insurers are likely to report lower annual claims than mutual insurers. Our results show that organisational form is an important determinant of the claims experience of Swedish fire insurers, suggesting that mutuality acts as an effective control for information asymmetries in the market.
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| 14. |
- Adjei, Evans, et al.
(författare)
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Regional labour market effects of immigration on low-skilled workers: the case of Sweden 1990–2003
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Economics. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0306-8293 .- 1758-6712. ; 48:3, s. 456-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of immigration on the labour market outcomes of low-educated natives (i.e. residents without a university diploma). Using the labour market competition theory, which argues that the labour market effects of natives depend on the skill set of immigrants, the paper addresses whether immigrants are complementary to or substitutes for native workers.Design/methodology/approach: Longitudinal matched employer–employee data on Sweden are used to estimate how low-educated natives, in regions experiencing the greatest influx of refugees from the Balkan wars, responded to this supply shock with regard to real wages, employment and job mobility between 1990 and 2003.Findings: First, the analysis shows that low-educated native workers respond to the arrival of immigrants with an increase in real wages. Second, although employment prospects in general worsened for low-skilled workers in most regions, this is not attributable to the regions experiencing the largest supply shock. Third, there are indications that low-skilled natives in immigration-rich regions are more likely to change workplace, particularly in combination with moving upwards in the wage distribution.Originality/value: Rather than seeing an emergence of the commonly perceived displacement mechanism when an economy is subject to a supply shock, the regional findings suggest that high inflows of immigrants tend to induce a mechanism that pulls native workers upwards in the wage distribution. This is important, as the proportion of immigrants is seldom evenly distributed within a nation.
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| 15. |
- Almefelt, Lars, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Requirements Management in the Automotive Industry
- 2003
-
Ingår i: 14th International Conference on Engineering Design Research for Practice - innovative products, processes and organisations.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an empirical study carried out in the automotive industry, with the aim to bring forward new experiences and knowledge on management of requirements in practice. Adopting a qualitative systems approach, and using multiple information sources, the requirements management process during the development of a passenger car cockpit has been mapped out. The logical reconstruction of the requirements management process is complemented with descriptions of associated phenomena, such as important events and attitudes. Findings are presented, analysed and discussed considering also factors underlying observed phenomena.
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| 16. |
- Almefelt, Lars, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements as a means to drive innovation - a reason-based perspective
- 2004
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Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology. ASME 2004 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements and their management is a focused issue in industrial product development, as well as in systematic design methodology presented in literature. Reflecting current industrial practice ? typically involving a strong focus on efficiency issues such as the use of standard components, development lead-time, and productivity ? there is a risk that the consideration of innovation and product value is suppressed. This paper presents possible factors that facilitate the creation of innovative products. These factors, condensed, form a basis for a reason-based method that confronts requirements and solutions with innovation and value issues. A possible application of the proposed method is demonstrated using an industrial product development case.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus versus warfare – unveiling discourses in de jure information security standard development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers & security (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4048 .- 1872-6208. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information security standards are influential tools in society today. The validity claim of standards is based on what is considered “best practice.” We unveil the negotiations that take place when “best practice” is constructed during standard development. By using dis- course analysis, we investigate how power operates in national and international contexts of de jure information security standard development work. As members of a standard- ization committee, we analyzed the language used by this committee. The results showed two discourses at play: the consensus discourse and the warfare discourse. We conclude by proposing six theoretical propositions on how power operates in the above-mentioned contexts of de jure standard development.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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“Standardizing information security – a structurational analysis”
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information & Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7206 .- 1872-7530. ; 59:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given that there are an increasing number of information security breaches, organizations are being driven to adopt best practice for coping with attacks. Information security standards are designed to embody best practice and the legitimacy of these standards is a core issue for standardizing organizations. This study uncovers how structures at play in de jure standard development affect the input and throughput legitimacy of standards. We participated as members responsible for standards on information security and our analysis revealed two structures: consensus and warfare. A major implication of the combination of these structures is that legitimacy claims based on appeals to best practice are futile because it is difficult to know which the best practice is.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Computer Based Requirements and Concept Modelling - Information Gathering and Classification
- 2000
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Ingår i: 12th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology. 2000 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a requirement and concept model based on a functional decomposition of mechanical systems. It is an object-oriented approach to integrate the representation of the design artefact and the design activity, through the decisions made during the design evolution. The requirements co-evolve simultaneously with the formation of the conceptual layout, through the opportunity to alter between function and physical/abstract solutions. This approach structures the design requirements and concepts in such a way that it supports the ability to document their sources, to allow for validation and verifications of both requirements and design solutions. First, the proposed model is presented from a theoretical viewpoint. Secondly, a methodology for modelling requirements and concepts in an object-oriented fashion is discussed. Finally, the model is implemented in METIS software and tested in a case study of an electric window winder on a truck door.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Female top management in family firms and non-family firms : Evidence from total population data
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 35:3, s. 303-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit information on ownership, management and kinship to study the representation of women in top management teams in Swedish family and non-family firms among domiciled limited liability firms over the years 2004 to 2010. The share of female top managers is analysed across listed and non-listed firms as well as across industries. We then estimate the likelihood that a woman is elected into the top management team in family and non-family firms using a probit regression model where we control for firm- A nd individual-level characteristics, including the gender distribution of the firm and kinship relations to existing board members and firm owners. We find that non-listed family firms are more likely to appoint female top managers, whereas we find no differences among listed firms. Moreover, we find that the gender composition and kinship structures of firms influence the appointment of female top managers.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974
(författare)
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Functional Representation: Creating a Framework for Design Support
- 2001
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Ingår i: 8th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Application.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discuss functional representation in general, such as classification of concepts, benefits etc., and functional modelling both static, and dynamic characteristics in particular. It will show how functions takes a product view on design intent; whether being an active function referring to the action of the product (dynamic), passive functions referring to the realisation of the product (static ? non-transforming) or esteem/interactive functions (Akiyama, 1991; Warell 1999) referring to functions intended to give sensory satisfaction to product users. The concept of purpose is introduced to clarify the reason for the product; purpose being the design intention from a socio-technical view (Rosenman et. al., 1998), or from a relational view, such as manufacturing, assembly, service etc.This paper shows how the intended behaviour is linked from purpose, function and physical perspective, using state-transition diagrams to capture the external state transitions (effect attributes) and function structures to capture the internal state transitions (structural attributes), where each function structure represent a transition between external states. This approach simplifies the way of representing complex systems in a functional manner by separating the internal and external representation of state attributes.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974
(författare)
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Functional Representation for Design Support: A Design Theory Perspective
- 2001
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To cope with the increased competitiveness in mature businesses, and even in immature, companies have to offer customers better and cheaper products with more functionality at shorter intervals, than their competitors. The reduced development time creates a need to utilise resources more efficiently, be more flexible, both when it comes to work-processes and products developed, and to create, cherish and communicate knowledge/experiences in such a way that it supports on-going and future design activities.These new demands on Product Development set esteem the necessity for greater design support that provides an environment of doing design more efficiently and that in the end provides better products. In order to realise a Design Support tool that can take a more active part in the design process, a basic computer-based notation covering a products life-phase must be developed. Designers need to document a finished design but also document its progress, representing and communicating decisions, or non-decisions, made and the rationale behind them, including why requirements was applied and solutions chosen, and the possibilities and dead-ends explored. The vision is a design support tool that lets the involved document their results during the actual process, filtering and communicating relevant information to affected parties and providing more intelligent support. The design information and its relations to a product structure, creates a framework for describing, documenting, balancing and evaluating design concepts. However, the information in the described representation is also a source for future design activities, i.e. inheriting requirements between product families and generations, searching for solutions/lessons-learned and their explanations. This thesis takes a design theory perspective on the described support tool, describing a framework for how design intent and rationale can be linked to a product structure. It shows how Functional Requirements are treated as primary design intent, linking a products purpose (from a socio-technical view) to its realisation (its physical/abstract constitution, hardware/software). It discusses several strategies for a functional representation, both decomposition and structuring and how this affects the possibilities on propagating requirements etc.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974
(författare)
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Functional Representation: from synthesis to evaluation of conceptual layouts
- 2000
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Ingår i: 27th International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Functional decomposition is a key method for developing product architectures during conceptual design and it helps the designer from a problem definition to a conceptual layout. This paper identifies two strategies for functional decomposition; system decomposition, where the decomposition, at each level, describes the total system and ends with a conceptual layout at the lowest level; and decomposition by synthesis, where a mean/solution is stated at each level of decomposition and the sum of all means describes the conceptual layout. The functional decomposition methodology presented gives the possibility to represent design solutions and their emergent properties at different levels of complexity using a decomposition by synthesis strategy and using the taxonomy developed in systems decomposition to specify the interfaces between objects on the same hierarchical level. Finally, the methodology is exemplified during a case study where a security system of a car is modelled.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Outsourcing Public Services : Contractibility, Cost, and Quality
- 2019
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Ingår i: CESifo Economic Studies. - Örebro : Oxford University Press. - 1610-241X .- 1612-7501. ; 65:4, s. 349-372
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the literature on public sector outsourcing to explore if the theoretical predictions from the incomplete contracts literature hold up to recent empirical evidence. Guided by theory, we arrange services according to the type and magnitude of their contractibility problems. The empirical studies point at rather favourable outsourcing outcomes, in terms of costs and quality, for services without severe contracting problems. The picture is more mixed for services with tougher contracting problems, with the weight of the evidence in favour of public provision. This difference between services is largely in line with the property-rights framework and theories of incomplete contracts.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Product Model for Requirements and Design Concept Management: Representing Design Alternatives and Rationale
- 2003
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Ingår i: 3th Annual International Symposium INCOSE 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout the development of complex products, thousands of requirements are established, communicated, followed up, and verified. In addition, even more design solutions, at various levels of abstractions, are created, refined, evaluated, industrialised and verified during this period. Although design tools support the documentation and administration of the output of these activities, i.e. requirements and solutions, they lack the functionality to support the iterative gestation of requirements and design solutions as they are created. This paper illustrates how a product model, focusing on requirements and design concept management, can address these issues by incorporating design rationale, i.e. the reasoning and the justification underlying requirements and solutions considered, with the aim to close the gap between product models and design rationale models. The product model has been implemented in a commercial PDM software and its use is illustrated with the information from the design of a passenger car cockpit.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska affärsänglar : hur lyckas de med sina investeringar?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 46:3, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aktiebolag som affärsänglar investerar i blir med högre sannolikhet snabbväxande företag, s k gasellföretag, jämfört med ett slumpmässigt valt aktiebolag. Resultatet håller även efter att affärsänglarnas företag jämförts med liknande ”tvillingföretags” tillväxt. Detta kan indikera att det är affärsänglarna som bidrar och hjälper till att utveckla företag i stället för att de enbart väljer ut ”vinnarföretag” att investera i, s k picking cherries-beteende.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Characteristics and Performance of Family Firms : Exploiting information on ownership, governance and kinship using total population data
- 2017
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family firms are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms, and the economic implications of these differences have generated significant academic debate. However, our understanding of family firms suffers from an inability to identify them in total population data, as this requires information on owners, their kinship and involvement in firm governance, which is rarely available. We present a method for identifying domiciled family firms using register data that offers greater accuracy than previous methods. We then apply it to data from Statistics Sweden concerning firm ownership, governance and kinship over the years 2004-2010. Next, we use Swedish data to estimate these firms’ economic contribution to total employment and gross domestic product (GDP) and compare them to private domiciled non-family firms in terms of their characteristics and economic performance. We find that the family firm is the prevalent organizational form, contributing to over one-third of all employment and GDP. Family firms are common across industries and sizes, ranging from the smallest producers to the largest multinational firms. However, their characteristics differ across sizes and legal forms, thereby indicating that the seemingly contradictory findings among previous studies on family firms may be due to unobserved heterogeneity. We furthermore find that they are smaller than private non-family firms in employment and sales and carry higher solidity, although they are more profitable. These differences diminish with firm size, however. We conclude that the term ‘family firm’ contains great diversity and call for increased attention to their heterogeneity.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Characteristics of Family Firms : Exploiting Information on Ownership, Kinship and Governance Using Total Population Data
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 51:3, s. 539-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family firms are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms. However, our understanding of family firms suffers from an inability to identify them in total population data; information is rarely available regarding owners, their kinship, and their involvement in firm governance. We present a method for identifying domiciled family firms using register data; this method offers greater accuracy than previous methods. We apply this method to Swedish data concerning firm ownership, governance, and kinship from 2004 to 2010. We find that the family firm is a significant organizational form, contributing over one third of all employment and gross domestic product (GDP). Family firms are common in most industries and range in size. Furthermore, we find that, compared to private non-family firms, family firms have fewer total assets, employment, and sales and carry higher solidity, although family firms are more profitable. These differences diminish with firm size. We conclude that the term “family firm” includes a large variety of firms, and we call for increased attention to their heterogeneity.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1974
(författare)
-
The Dynamics of Requirements and Product Concept Management A Product Modelling Approach
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Product development is in many respects the process of identifying and envisaging needs and bringing those needs into life. To make it challenging, the competition forces companies to continuously reduce development and manufacturing cost while increasing customer satisfaction. As part of this process, large and complex development organisations, with numerous ongoing development projects and outsourced development activities, are faced with the challenge to continuously communicate purposes, goals, and requirements to all involved actors. Furthermore, reflecting on the product and collaboration complexity, it is obvious that concept work becomes more important in order to develop a purposeful requirements specification and well-balanced concept for the continuing project. Reflecting these challenges this research work, containing both descriptive and prescriptive elements, aim to bring forward knowledge and experiences regarding requirements management in practice, and to transform this understanding into better requirements and product models, involving documentation, elaboration, and communication of requirement and product descriptions, thus contributing to the development of better design tools. The empirical elements of this research work have shown that the management of requirements in practice is interwoven in the general organisational structures and processes at the automotive manufacturer studied, and that the harmonisation of conflicting aims are a major challenge and opportunity. Contrary to prescriptions in many methodologies it is evident that requirements are changed, added, and reprioritised throughout projects, mainly due to conflicts, infeasibilities, changed pre-requisites, and the knowledge gained through the development work. Prescriptively, this research work has developed a framework, based on the Theory of Domains, that relates requirements and design intentions to a constitutive product model letting requirements and design solutions co-evolve. More specifically, this research work has contributed to a product model that lets designers explore an envisaged product in a means-end space (from requirements to satisfying product descriptions) as well as a whole-part space (from complete product to individual components). Most importantly, this research work has argued for how functional representations can act as a framework to elaborate and structure requirements, because they give an abstract view on the design problem. Another empirical finding, central to this research work, is the importance to bring forward underlying rationale underlying requirements and product concepts in order to support communication, decision-making, and knowledge retrieval. Based on this insight a feature-based framework to represent design rationale has been introduced in the prescribed requirements and product concept model. The findings presented in this thesis take to a large extent a design perspective on requirements management and concept development, but also incorporates elements from manufacturing engineering.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ballooning bureaucracy? Stylized facts of growing administration in Swedish higher education
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Constitutional Political Economy. - : Springer. - 1043-4062 .- 1572-9966. ; 35, s. 303-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All organizations need to allocate labor to production and administration. In many cases—particularly within the public sector—the optimal allocation is far from obvious. Indeed, vocal concerns have been raised about the administrative burden in several public services, not least in education. We investigate this issue using detailed registry data on all employees at Swedish universities and colleges from 2005 to 2019 and document three stylized facts. First, the group of highly educated administrators has grown rapidly, almost by a factor of seven compared with teachers and researchers. Second, the number of less-educated administrators has stayed flat. Third, the time that teachers and researchers spend on administrative tasks has been roughly constant over time. This indicates that resources have been diverted from teaching and research and raises fears of excessive administrative growth in Swedish higher education.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974
(författare)
-
Consumption Theory with Reference Dependent Utility
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a closed form consumption function for an individual when he derives utility from both his current and previous consumption and from the consumption of his relevant others. I show that the traditional definition of an individual's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is too narrow. With existing knowledge we would call for a broader definition of the MPC that I coin as the individual's total MPC, which also takes into account the consumption change of the relevant others, and this affects that total MPC is smaller than the traditional MPC
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974
(författare)
-
Essays on Social Comparison
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Paper 1: By using hypothetical choice experiments, this paper presents evidence that individuals’ concern for relative consumption depends on their relative consumption. Individuals with consumption levels above society’s average consumption level tend to have, in general, lower concern for relative consumption. This supports Duesenberry’s (Duesenberry, 1949) notion that people are more concerned with upward social comparison than with downward social comparison. Paper 2: This paper presents a closed form consumption function for an individual when his utility depends both on his own current and previous consumption and on the consumption by his relevant others. Given this model, I argue that we can introduce an alternative definition of marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in addition to the traditional definition. This alternative definition can be called the individual’s total MPC, which I show is smaller than the traditional MPC. Paper 3: Based on Swedish survey evidence, professors are happier than lecturers; but employed academics with better self-reported publication lists are not happier than their colleagues. Both absolute wage and relative wage seem to affect happiness. Employed academics who earn more than faculty colleagues with the same academic position and gender are also happier. For those who just started their academic careers, the results show that students with relatively better exam results are not happier than their classmates. Moreover, it seems optimal for students’ happiness to study 30-40 hours per week. Employed academics with average or worse self-reported publication lists are more likely to think they will be happier in the future than colleagues with better self-reported publication lists. This finding is similar for students: Students with worse exam results are more likely to think they will be happier in the future than their classmates with better or average exam results. Hence, while relative academic performance does not seem to affect current happiness, it does seem to be negatively correlated with expected future happiness. Paper 4: Campbell and Mankiw’s(1990) lambda model has frequently been used to estimate the fraction of rule of thumb consumers (i.e., consumers who do not smooth their consumption). However, the present note shows theoretically, as well as with a numerical illustration, that existing empirical applications of the lambda model imply a systematic under estimation of this fraction. The reason is that per capita values instead of aggregate values (which the model is designed for) are used. Paper 5: Being sick listed is not always identical to being ill; it is rather a behaviour associated with illness. In this paper we have analysed whether there is a higher risk of becoming sick listed if a family member has been sick listed earlier – partly a family phenomenon. This aspect of sick listing has never been investigated before. Our results indicate that an individual’s risk of being sick listed in 2007 was higher if he/she had family members who had been sick listed in 2006. This may be a sign for an existing “sick listing culture” – social norms within families.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974
(författare)
-
Is Concern for Relative Consumption a Function of Relative Consumption?
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By using hypothetical choice experiments, this paper presents evidence that individuals' concern for relative consumption depends on their relative consumption. Individuals with consumption levels above society's average consumption level tend to have, in general, lower concern for relative consumption. This supports Duesenberry's (1949) notion that people are more concerned with upward social comparison than with downward social comparison.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Sick listing-Partly a family phenomenon?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Socio-Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-5357. ; 40:5, s. 496-502
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being sick listed is not always identical to being ill; it is rather a behaviour associated with illness. In this paper we have analysed whether there is a higher risk of becoming sick listed if a family member has been sick listed earlier-partly a family phenomenon. This aspect of sick listing has never been investigated before. Our results indicate that an individual's risk of being sick listed in 2007 was higher if he/she had family members who had been sick listed in 2006. This may be a sign for an existing " sick listing culture" -social norms within families. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W., 1974
(författare)
-
Two Essays on Relative Consumption
- 2006
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- First paper: Consumption Theory with Reference Dependent Utility: Its Impact on Marginal Propensity to Consume This paper presents a closed form consumption function for an individual when he derives utility from his own previous and current consumption and from the previous consumption of his relevant others. I show that the individual's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is smaller than the MPC under the permanent income hypothesis. On the other hand, the individuals' MPC is larger than if he merely has a habit-formation behavior, as in Alessie and Lusardi (1997). This model implies that the individuals' consumption change is less sensitive to an increase in his permanent income than in the Hall (1978) and Alessie and Lusardi (1997) models. Second paper: Is Concern for Relative Consumption a Function of Relative Consumption? By using hypothetical choice experiments, this paper presents evidence that individuals' concern for relative consumption depends on their relative consumption. Individuals with consumption levels above society's average consumption level tend to have, in general, lower concern for relative consumption. This supports Duesenberry's (1949) notion that people are more concerned with upward social comparison than with downward social comparison.
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Harald, 1987-
(författare)
-
Numerical and experimental study of confluent jets supply device with variable airflow
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, application of confluent jets for design of ventilation supply devices has been studied. Similarly, numerus studies have been made on the potential and application of variable air volume (VAV) in order to reduce the energy demand of ventilation systems. This study investigates the combination of supply devices based on confluent jets and VAV, both in terms of the nearfield flow behavior of the device and the impact on thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy efficiency on a classroom-level space when the airflow rate is varied.The method used in this study is an experimental field study where the confluent jets-based supply devices were compared to the previously installed displacement ventilation. The field study evaluated the energy efficiency, thermal comfort and indoor air quality of the two systems. In the case of the confluent jets supply devices, airflow rate was varied in order to see what impact the variation had on the performance of the system for each airflow rate. Furthermore, the confluent jets supply devices were investigated both experimentally and numerically in a well insulated test room to get high resolution data on the particular flow characteristics for this type of supply device when the airflow rate is varied. The results from the field study show nearly uniform distribution of the local mean age of air in the occupied zone, even in the cases of relatively low airflow rates. The airflow rates have no significant effect on the degree of mixing. The thermal comfort in the classroom was increased when the airflow rate was adapted to the heat load compared to the displacement system. The results lead to the conclusion that the combination of supply devices based on confluent jets can reduce energy usage in the school while maintaining indoor air quality and increasing the thermal comfort in the occupied zone.The results from the experimental and numerical study show that the flow pattern and velocity in each nozzle is directly dependent on the total airflow rate. However, the flow pattern does not vary between the three different airflow rates. The numerical investigation shows that velocity profiles for each nozzle have the same pattern regardless of the airflow rate, but the magnitude of the velocity profile increases as the airflow increases. Thus, a supply device of this kind could be used for variable air volume and produce confluent jets for different airflow rates.The results from both studies show that the airflow rate does not affect the distribution of the airflow on both near-field and room level. The distribution of air is nearly uniform in the case of the near-field results and the room-level measurement shows a completely uniform degree of mixing and air quality in the occupied zone for each airflow rate. This means that there is potential for combining these two schemes for designing air distribution systems with high energy efficiency and high thermal comfort and indoor air quality.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Heléne, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Trauma-induced reactive gliosis is reduced after treatment with octanol and carbenoxolone
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Neurological research. - 0161-6412. ; 33:6, s. 614-624
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reactive gliosis and scar formation after brain injury can inhibit the recovery process. As many glial cells utilize gap junctions for intercellular signaling, this study investigated whether two commonly used gap junction blockers, octanol and carbenoxolone, could attenuate reactive gliosis following a minor traumatic brain injury. Methods: Octanol (710 mg/kg) or carbenoxolone (90 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes before or after a needle track injury in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. To mark dividing cells, animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally two times per day, 8 hours apart and killed 2 days later. Immunohistochemistry for BrdU and markers for reactive glial cells [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ED1, and NG2] were investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. Results: Two days after injury, increased cellular proliferation, activated astrocytes and microglia, and upregulation of NG2 expression were observed surrounding the injury site. Octanol and carbenoxolone administrated prior to injury significantly decreased cell proliferation by 60 and 70% respectively. The distance of GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes from the wound margin was decreased by 32 and 18% when octanol was administrated prior to or post injury respectively. Treatment with octanol also decreased the number of reactive microglia by 55% and, when administrated prior to injury, octanol reduced the distance of NG2 expression from the wound by 48%. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that two important components of reactive gliosis, cellular activation and proliferation, can be attenuated by octanol and carbenoxolone.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Klas, 1968-
(författare)
-
Improving Fixed Wing UAV Endurance, by Cooperative Autonomous Soaring
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ever-expanding use and development of smaller UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) has highlighted an increasing demand for extended range and endurance for this type of vehicles. In this thesis, the development of a concept and system for autonomous soaring of cooperating unmanned aerial vehicles is presented. The purpose of the developed system is to extend endurance by harvesting energy available in the atmosphere in the form of thermal updrafts, in a similar way that some birds and manned gliders do. By using this “free” energy, considerable improvements in maximum achievable endurance can be realized under a wide variety of atmospherical and weather conditions. The work included theoretical analysis, simulations, and finally flight test- ing of the soaring controller and the system. The system was initially devel- oped as a single-vehicle concept and thereafter extended into a system consist- ing of two cooperating gliders. The purpose of the extension to cooperation, was to further improve the performance of the system by increasing the ability to locate the rising air of thermal updrafts. The theoretical analysis proved the soaring algorithm’s thermal centering controller to be stable. The trials showed the concept of autonomous soaring to function as expected from the simulations. Further it revealed that, by applying the idea, extensive performance gains can be achieved under a fairly wide variety of conditions. The cooperative soaring, likewise, functioned as anticipated and the glid- ers found, cooperated, and climbed together in updrafts. This represents the first and presumably only time cooperative autonomous soaring in this way, has been successfully demonstrated in flight. To draw further conclusions on the advantages of cooperative soaring additional flight trials would, however, be beneficial. Possible issues and limitations were highlighted during the trials and a number of potential improvements were identified. As a part of the work, trials were conducted to verify the viability to implement the system into “real world” operational scenarios. As a proof of concept this was done by tasking the autonomous gliders to perform data/communications relay missions for other UAV systems sending imagery to the ground-station from beyond line of sight (BLOS). The outcome of the trials was positive and the concept appeared to be well suited for these types of missions. The comms relay system was further developed into a hybrid system where the optimal location concerning relay performance was autonomously sought out, after-which the attentiveness then switched to autonomous thermal soaring in the vicinity of this ideal relay position. The hybrid system was tested in simulation and partially flight tested.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Shipping and the environment
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 3-27
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Humans have always had a close relationship with the aquatic environment, including the early use of the sea for food harvesting and communication. Today, the sea is an important component of the transportation system, with large amounts of cargo and passengers. This chapter provides a short introduction to ships and shipping, focussing primarily on commercial ships; nonetheless, many of the emissions, impacts and measures discussed throughout this book are common to other sectors, such as leisure, research and fishing. This chapter also introduces the environmental impacts related to ship operations. Ship transportation has increased tremendously since the industrial revolution, which has resulted in increased emissions due to shipping and increased stresses on the environment. However, this trend is not only related to shipping. Currently, there are several warning signs that we are not taking care of the Earth and its ecosystem in a sustainable manner, that the Earth's ecosystems are degrading and that natural capital is being exploited, e.g., by the burning of fossil fuels. The marine industry is a component of our society; similar to all industry sectors, it contributes to unsustainable patterns in our society. Although the marine industry is a contributor to these problems, it can also be part of the solution, yet several challenges must be addressed. Sustainability and related concepts, such as ecosystem services, planetary boundaries and resilience thinking, could be used as guidance in addressing these challenges. Humans have always had a close relationship with the aquatic environment. Indeed, a scientific discussion debates whether the first humans evolved in a dry land environment, on the savannah, or in shallow water environments (as the "water man" or "aquatic ape") [1]. With respect to environmental awareness, the sea has come into focus relatively late compared with other natural areas. Independent of this observation, the sea has served as an important transportation route and a source of food and recreation throughout history. In a world where more than 70 % of the surface is covered by oceans, our interaction with and dependence on the sea in numerous aspects is obvious.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Shipping and the Environment
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Transportation: Volume 1-7. ; 3, s. 286-293
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sea provides the infrastructure for shipping, but it is also a very important part of the natural environment, providing many kinds of ecosystem services to man. More than 90% of international goods transport is performed by sea, and although shipping is the most energy efficient means of transport, it also causes impacts on nature, health, crops, and the built environment. The main part of emissions to air from shipping is related to the fuel. Traditionally, combustion engines using fossil heavy fuel oil (HFO) or diesel oil with emissions of sulfur, nitrogen oxides, particles, and other pollutants have been dominating. In order to decrease environmental impact, “zero emission” fuels and propulsion alternatives have been developed. The impact on the marine environment from, for example, oil spills and use of antifouling coatings on ships are other areas of concern. Shipping has a large challenge in becoming fossil-free and in developing “zero emission” technology in the coming decades.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adverse selection in mutual benefit societies : an longitudinal approach
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mutual benefit societies evolved as the major provider for illness, accident and burialinsurance in the late 19 th and early 20 th century in the Western world. One of themajor problems facing the insurers was the risk for adverse selection; that unhealthyindividuals had more incentive then healthy to insure when priced for the averagerisk. By empirically examine if the longevity among insured in mutual benefit societieswas different from uninsured, we seek to identify the presence of adverse section. Wefind no compelling evidence that unhealthy individuals was more likely to insure, orreasons to believe that adverse selection was behind the decline of mutual benefitsocieties in the twentieth century.
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 1974-
(författare)
-
Bilateral shipping and trade : Swedish-Finnish experiences in the post-war period
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the bilateral shipping and trade between Finland and Sweden during the post-war period. It comprises five articles and one introductory chapter for which the common point of departure is the growth and transformation of bilateral trade and shipping. The first two articles analyse the structural change of bilateral trade from a national and regional perspective. The three following articles provide an overview and analysis of the ferry shipping. By integrating the perspective in these articles in the introductory chapter and by providing a long historical record, the change of economic relations between Finland and Sweden in the post-war period is discerned. This thesis applies an economic historical approach and is founded on various fields of social science. The issue of trade is analysed within the framework of conventional and new trade theory, and the analysis of ferry shipping is governed by economic and geographic theories. The studies on trade shows that the transformation of production seen in Finland and Sweden meant that the trade increasingly became dependent on an exchange of products arising from matching industries. In turn the foreign trade arising from the Northern part of Finland and Sweden was still dominated by so called inter-industry trade. In addition to these results, the studies of ferry services shows that the growth of vehicles and passengers conveyance, together with the expanded onboard services, also intensified the commercial exchange. Due of the multi-output structure, the ferry service efficiently met the growing demand of travel and trade. The main conclusion of this thesis is that the convergence of incomes and economic structure had a significant impact on bilateral trade and ferry shipping. In addition the process of economic integration, technological advances together with specific policies issued on shipping also contributed to strengthen the economic ties between Finland and Sweden.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Did statutory insurance improve the welfare of Swedish workers? : The statutory workplace accident insurance act of 1916
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Labor history. - : Routledge. - 0023-656X .- 1469-9702. ; 63, s. 210-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welfare researchers have regarded statutory accident insurance in 1916 as a starting point for the exceptional expansion of the Swedish welfare state. However, rather less attention has been paid to the roles played by mutual insurance societies and employer compensation schemes in offering voluntary welfare protection. We argue that voluntary welfare protection was an integral part of the early-twentieth century welfare system and played a crucial role in protecting workers in the case of sickness and accident. We also examine the limitations of these arrangements and explore the ways in which the design of the statutory scheme ensured that there was a continuing role for voluntary provision after the new Act came into operation. We also explore the impact of the scheme on wage levels, and show how its introduction eroded the wage premiums which had previously been earned by workers in high-risk industries.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Lars-Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exclusion of women and organizational characteristics : Swedish mutual health insurance 1901-1910
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 61:8, s. 1352-1378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutual societies have been recognised for their ability to mitigate information asymmetry. Although successful in reducing sickness claims, the exclusion of women was common. Health insurance societies argued the exclusion was a means to reduce adverse selection and moral hazard since women were regarded as higher risk. In this paper, we explore differences in organisational characteristics between societies that excluded and societies that did not exclude women as members between 1901 to 1910. Based on panel data, the study shows that societies that excluded women were less successful in keeping down sickness claims, in relation to benefits, than gendermixed societies
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 1974-
(författare)
-
Företagsdynamik och tillväxt : En kartläggning och analys av företagsdynamikoch arbetsproduktivitetstillväxt i Sverige
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book examines the dynamic relation between firm demography and aggregate productivity growth in Sweden during the period 1997-2003. By using enterprise demography data, the interaction between micro dynamics and aggregate productivity growth is discerned. The result shows that the contribution of entry and exit of firms on aggregate productivity growth is small but still positive for the total economy, suggesting that entering firms are more productive than exiting firms. The book shows that the productivity growth within the continuing firms is the key factor of the aggregated productivity growth.
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